Building Community. Sticky Design. me hope! June 2013

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1 Building Community Health with Sticky Design - COMPASS This gives me hope! Ada & Canyon Co., ID June 2013

Answers to the typical questions: Isn t health a

..) Shouldn t the free market dictate how we

2 Answers to the typical questions: Isn t health a result of personal decisions & habits? If we build it, will they come? (People are naturally laz zy...) Shouldn t the free market dictate how we build our cities & towns? So, what is the prescription for healthy design (& how do we get there)?

3 Youthful recollections

4 Not just my idea Nov-2009 The Australian, 14-Oct-2009

5 Changes in Walking & Cycling to School, to 2001 Ham et.al., Jour. of Physical Activity & Health, 2008, 5, % of student ts age Car Bus W/B W/B = Walk/Bike

6 Trends in Childhood Obesity & Overweight Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health Examination Surveys II (ages 6 11) and III (ages 12 17), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I, II and III, and

7 >30) % Obe se (BMI America s looming chronic disease apo ocalypse... US Obesity Epidemi ic Ogden et. al. (JAMA 288, 14; Oct. 2002)

8 The Rant: Change our th hinking. It s not just an obesity epidemic. It s twin epidemics of physical inactivity it and poor nutrition.* titi * Two of the three biggest drivers of skyrocketing healthcare costs.

9 The bad news in just three numbers: 30 Minutes of daily physical activity recommended (60 min. for youth). 20 % of American adults actually meet this recommenda ation (thru LTPA). 365,000 Estimated annual deaths in America due to physical inactivity & poor nutrition. (2 nd only to tobacco.)

10 Exercise Participation Effect of Short Bouts, Home Treadmills (Jakicic et.al., J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 282, 16) 240 This counts! 2008 US Physical Activity Guidelines health.gov/paguidelines Exercise e (min/week) months

11 Fine for some, but clearly not enough... Joseph... we need communities where people are intrinsically more active.

12 If we build it, will they come?

YES! Four elements: Denton TX Elizabethtown 1.

Connecting facilities: trails, sidewalks, bike lanes, transit.

13 YES! Four elements: Denton TX Elizabethtown 1. Variety of uses within walk, bike, & transit distance. 2. Connecting facilities: trails, sidewalks, bike lanes, transit. 3. Destinations are functional & inviting for pedestrians, bicyclists, & transit users. 4. Safe & accessible for all ages, incomes, abilities org CDC Guide to Community Preventive Services

14 In planner language: Mix of land uses; varied clusters. Comprehensive network, all 4 modes. Post Office Functional & inviting site designs. Universal safety & access for all.

15 1. Land use. Live, w work, shop, play, learn, pray. Farmville Tolland ompact neighborhoods & shared open space. Mixed use, multi- family. Housing above, retail below. E.g. post office, grocery, schools Farmville

16 2. Network encourages active travel with: Presence of sidewalks, t rails, bike lanes, sharrows. Shorter blocks, cul-de-sa ac cut- throughs, more intersections. Access to quality, reliable, affordable transit.

17 3. Site design: Anywhere, USA Which setting seems more appealing for travel on foot and by bike?

18 Site design? BoiseMeridian Portland, OR Buildings near the sidewalk, not set back; ;parking on street or behind. Trees, benches, lighti ng, awnings, human scale. Details: bike parking, open space, plants, art, materials.

19 Sample incentives: Decrease, share parking (bike parking req., bonus). Build-to, not set-back requirements. Residential bonus. Expedite permits. Appleton WI Neenah WI Elected & appointed officials must be supported if you expect them to act courageously!

20 Walgreens at Park & Myrtle

21 Median islands 4. Safety. Eng ineering can dramatically impr rove safety. Increasing pedestrian and biketripsdecreases overall accident & fatality rates. Roundabout (Neenah, WI) Curb extensions (Jacobsen P, Injury Prevention, 2003; 9: )

22 Diagonal parking increases on-street capacity, but... Meridian Des Moines, IA Reverse angle: Fewer, less severe collisions. Safer for bikes. Slows traffic.

23 8 th St., Boise

24 5. Healthy food is affordable & accessible. Community gardens (near schools, parks, senior housing); CSAs s, urban agriculture. Farmers market. Regulate fast food, drive-thru locations.

25 Five Elements of Healthy Community Design: Ped, bike, & transit network Mix of destinations Safety & access Healthy affordable food Site design

26 But what about rural areas...? % of To otal Pop pulation Suburbanization of America US population shift, (after Bowling Alone, R. Putnam, 2000) Suburb Urban Rural year Suburbia is steadily consuming the landscape...

27 2. Rural areas are where you can affect the shape of development before it s done! Rural housing? Or just more suburbia...? e.g. Fairview Ave. Caldwell, ID

28 Shouldn t the free market dictate how we build our cities & towns?

Social: Equitable transportation. More personal connections.

Education, schools: Student health, safety.

29 First: Internalize external costs. Environmental: Reduced traffic; air, water, & noise pollution. Social: Equitable transportation. More personal connections. Safety: Kids, elderly mobility. Crime deterrent. Education, schools: Student health, safety. Behavior & performance! Transportation costs & infrastructure. Community engagement; schools as neighborhood centers.

30 From CIM 2040 planning session...

31 Economics. Walking the Walk: How Walkability Rais ses Housing Values in U.S. Cities. (CEOs for Cities report)* walkscore = 6 walkscore = 69 Higher score = $4,000-$34,000 home value *

32 On Common Grou und, Summer 2010 Nat l Assoc. of Realtors; org The Next Generation of Home Buyers: Taste for in-town living. Appetite for public transportation. Strong green streak. Plus, Americans are driving less overall!

33 Active Urban Lifestyle... Downtown condos v The Bridge Town Homes

The conundrum: 1 st & 2 nd generation strip

34 The conundrum: 1 st & 2 nd generation strip malls & boxes flounder... Employers want livability, employee retention, low health-care costs. Former K-Mart Winter Park, FL E.g. Albertson s Plaza, Marshalltown, IA More simply: Which adds more to the economy, struggling malls or thriving centers?

35 How to get there?

Act up: Support five national movements changing the

Healthy planning & 2. Complete Streets. t 3.

36 Act up: Support five national movements changing the physica al activity it landscape. (Fenton, Community Design & Policies for Free Range Children, Childhood Obesity 8(1), Feb 2012) 1. Healthy planning & 2. Complete Streets. t 3. Transportation trail zoning. networks. 4. Transit- & bicycle-friendly policies. 5. Comprehensive Saf fe Routes to School.

37 1. Land Use: Are you a Change Agent or Process Server? Create mixed use centers, protect agricultural l land, focus development. Caldwell Provide TA, plans, & model codes. Make the economic & health arguments! Terre Haute, IN. ^

38 Quail Ridge, Caldwell Boise, ID 1900 s

39 Grids, alleys, even accessory dwellings Longmont, CO Bluffton, SC 2000 s

40 Creating villages to support seniors lives. Idaho Statesman, June 2013 Pocket neighborhoods USA Today, Mar 2011 >

41 Purchase & transfer of development rights. Caldwell $ Increase density.

42 Communities in Motion 2040: Transit, Trails, & Transit Oriented Development (TOD) option most in-line w/ healthy design. Steer, don t just respond, to land use. Eg E.g. Health Impact Assessments. Count costs of physical inactivity!

E.g., Metropolitan Area Planning Council,

43 E.g., Metropolitan Area Planning Council, Regional transit proposed fare increases & service reductions. MAPC Health Impact Analysis (HIA) of two proposed scenarios. Used HEAT for costss of reduced physically active commuting. Boston area MPO

44 E.g., Health Economic Assessment Tools; H.E.A.T. for Bicycling and Walking (WHO) Estimate/meas. # ped/bike trips H.E.A Avg. trip length Other defaults adjustable: average days walked % of round trips years to full impact... A.T. Statistical $ value of lifeyears saved. On-line tool:

45 MBTA 2012 fare, service Annual Costs ($ millions) Additional time in traffic Additional fuel burned proposal HIA by Metro Area Planning Comm. Scen. 1 Scen. 2 $137.5 $186.0 $22.7 $31.8 Additional crashes (car, ped, bike) $33.6 $48.88 Added mortality & hospitalizations (air pollution > asthma, lung, heart dis sease) Lives lost due to decreased activity (statistical value of life years) Cost of carbon emissions Total annual costs: physical $1.5 $2.1 $74.9 $116.5 $1.9 $1.7 $272.1 $386.9

46 2. ACHD, COMPASS, cities to support: Complete Streets. t All users (pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, & drivers) of all ages & abilities considered in every road project (new repair, maintenance)., Shar-rowrow (shared use arrow)

E.g. Nashville Area MPO Complete Streets Public

physical activity, he ealth, safety of all

47 E.g. Nashville Area MPO Complete Streets Public input in 2035 LRTP process show wed strong interest ped/bike/transit. 60% of project scori ing rewards air quality, physical activity, he ealth, safety of all modes, underserved d areas. & implementation MPO identified Health High Impact Areas. ^

48 Seattle, WA Pedestrian Master Plan. Function: Most important links in the network; functional route priorities.

49 Economic vibrancy: Density of trip generators, destinations, transit hubs.

50 Areas of need: Health risks (lack of physical activity, obesity, diabetes). Disabilities Lower income No car

51 TIP priorities: Vibrancy: 40% Equity: 35% Corridor function: 25% < High Priority Areas

52 Are massive, one-ways complete? Primary purpose move more cars faster. Revert to two-way, narrow, build a functional grid. Be opportunistic: Improve when doing routine maintenance. 4-lane, one-way streets? Fifth St. near ECU Nampa ww.completestreets.org Chinden, designed for 35 mph?

53 Lane re-alignments Often called road diets, being seen more often. Urbana, IL; before & after. Can reduce collisions & severity. Dramatically improves performance for pedestrians & cyclists.

54 Beacon St.

55 3. Support a comprehensive network of transportationt ti trails. Connect to other part ts of network (sidewalks, bike lanes, transit). Focus on destination s (schools, shopping, parks, senior housing g) Boise Bloomington, Greenbelt IN Boone, NC Weave into the fabric of the community.

56 E.g. Columbus, IN Bicycle & Pedestrian Plan Voted into community Comprehensive Plan.

57 Launch a goat trail committee

58 4. Work for a bicycle- & transit- friendly community. Bike Friendly Campus or Bike Friendly Community rating (bronze to platinum). Community buy a bike rack program. Teach bicycle skills, safety, repair in your school. >. Charlotte s bike share Blue Island, IL.

59 The High Cost of Free Parking D. Shoupe Boise Bicycle Project skill ls, maintenance,...

60 Student, faculty IDs as transit passes. Predictable $ to VRT (for upgrades?)

61 5. Safe Routes to School more than just an encouragement pro ogram! All 5 E s: Engineer bike lanes, racks, sidewalks; educate & encourage walk/bike groups; enforce proper speeds. Measure BMI? Must evaluate how kids get to school (walk, bike, bus, car) and why...! Columbia, MO Is this you?

63 What did the kids think? The ENVIRONMENT I had to walk with my little brother to keep him out of trouble... (Ciairah) We saw a dog across the creek, in the trees... (Jarrette)

64 What did the kids think? FUN. This is Tyshion falling in the water off of the bridge... (Khalil) (Note the perspective.) This is the pipe the water comes out of, and this is Khalil falling in the water... (Tyshion)

65 Recommendations: Do this all the time, not just as an event. Improve the trail thro ough the park. Plant a garden, trees along the way. 5 minute safety delay on cars at dismissal. spartnership.org

66 Why care about stickier communities for activ ve living? The inactivity epidemi c; our kids may pay! ~4,000 pedestrian, ~40,000 motor vehicle, ~400,000 sedentary-re re elated deaths/year. Carbon footprint, air quality. Failing transport infras structure; hour+ commute time/day, traffic congestion & costs. Dependence on foreig gn oil; wars in Mid-east. More eyes on the street, less crime. Businesses wishing to locate in livable communities; housing values.

67 Step up: Be an active Columbus, IN role model. Ligonier, IN Leave the car behind at least one trip per week; walk, bike, or take transit instead. And take a friend along.

68 Olshansky et.al., A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy... New Eng. J. of Med., March 17, 2005

Building Community Health with Sticky Design

Building Community Health with Sticky Design _ Bennington County Regional Commission Bennington, VT Oct. 2013 The common questions: Isn t health a result of personal decisions & habits? If we build it,