Evaluation of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)-resistant Tomato Varieties in Commercial Conditions

Transcription

1 Evaluation of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)-resistant Tomato Varieties in Commercial Conditions Submitted by Monica Ozores-Hampton, Crystal Snodgrass and Gene McAvoy University of Florida/SWFREC June 7, 212

2 Table 1. Seed sources and pruning of TYLCV-resistant tomato varieties grown with drip irrigation in Duette, FL. during spring 212. Varieties Company Number of suckers pruned B53 Enza Zaden NO K55 Enza Zaden NO SVR 2 Seminis 3 RFT 8775 Sygenta 3 SevenTY III Sygenta 3 Tygress Seminis 3 XTM 916 Sakata 3 XTM 211 Sakata Enza Zaden NO Enza Zaden NO FL 47 Seminis 3 Table 2. Summary of cultural practices used in TYLCV-resistant tomato varieties grown with drip irrigation in Duette, FL. during spring 212. Field history Location Duette, FL. Experimental design RCBD (4 replications) Irrigation Drip Plot size 37 ft Harvest unit 16.7 ft (1 plants) Plastic laying and fertilization 3 Jan. 212 Planting date 8 Feb. 212 Fumigation Methyl bromide (1 lb/acre) Plastic mulch Black Linear ft per acre 7,26 Bed height 9 inches Bed width 36 inches Bed spacing (center to center) 6 ft Plant spacing 2 inches Row run North - South Plant population 4,373 Harvest date 1st 2 May, nd 16 May, 212 Planting to 2nd harvest 14 weeks 2

3 Table 3. Summary of mean, minimum (Min.) and maximum (Max.) temperature and total rainfall in Duette, FL. during spring 212 z. Period Temperature (ºF) Total rainfall Mean Min. Max. (inches) February March April May Average/Total z Weather data obtained from Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN) from University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agriculture Science (IFAS), Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee, FL. Table 4. Bacterial Leaf Spot (BLS), TYLCV incidence, and Fusarium Crown Rot (FCR) evaluation at second harvest (16 May, 212) of TYLCV-resistant tomato varieties grown in Duette, FL. during spring 212. Disease severity rating (%) BLS z TYLCV FCR y B K SVR RFT SevenTY III Tygress XTM XTM FL 47 (control) P value Significance NS NS - z Bacterial spot assessment as disease severity (percentage symptomatic tissue) for BLS. The rating did not distinguish between the bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans and bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. y Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lycopersici). ns = Non-significance. 3

4 Yield (25-lb boxes/acre) Table 5. First harvest marketable fruit yield by size categories for selected tomato varieties grown in Duette, FL. during spring Marketable yield Unmarketable 5/6 6/6 6/7 Total (25-lb boxes/acre) B53 1,733abc z ab 2, abc K55 1,577bc a 2, a SVR 2 1,897ab ab 2,44 411abcd RFT ,547c ab 2,73 297bcd SevenTY III 1,51c ab 2,14 31bcd Tygress 1,823abc ab 2, cd XTM 211 1,751abc b 2, ab XTM 916 1,892ab b 2, bcd ,994a b 2,4 367abcd ,712abc a 2,34 491ab FL 47 1,728abc b 2, d P value Significance * NS * NS ** z Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple 3, 2,5 5/6 6/6 6/7 2, 1,5 1, 5 4

5 Unmarketable by defect (%) Table 6. First harvest unmarketable fruit by category with: zipper, cracking, scratch, odd-shape and blossom-end scar for selected tomato varieties grown in Duette, FL. during spring Unmarketable by defect (%) Zipper Cracking Scratch Odd-shape Blossomend scar Total unmarketable (25-lb boxes/acre) B53 9.2cd z 31.8ab bc 19.1bc 462abc K55 8.5cd 1.1c ab 39.1b 598a SVR 2 22.bc 4.7a bc.d 411abcd RFT a.c bc.d 297bcd SevenTY III 54.5a 2.9c c 2.2d 31bcd Tygress 35.ab 5.4c bc 2.d 221cd XTM ab 16.1b bc 9.bcd 521ab XTM a 1.9c b.d 339bcd bc 5.6c b 17.8bc 367abcd c 2.6c bc 41.4a 491ab FL d 7.6c a 5.1cd 171d P value Significance ** ** NS ** ** ** z Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple Zipper Cracking Scratch Odd-shape Blossom-end scar 5

6 Yield (25-lb boxes/acre) Table 7. Second marketable harvest fruit yield by size categories for selected tomato varieties grown in spring 212, Duette, FL Marketable yield Unmarketable 5/6 6/6 6/7 Total (25-lb boxes/acre) B53 428d z 472a 43a 1,33ab 11 K55 538cd 33bc 26b 1,128bc 136 SVR 2 651abc 223cd 148cd 1,22c 189 RFT cd 416ab 25b 1,175abc 15 SevenTY III 733ab 42ab 255b 1,47a 91 Tygress 54cd 38ab 23bc 1,115bc 55 XTM d 234cd 141d 746d 134 XTM d 399ab 315b 1,14abc bc 198d 11d 916cd d 464a 418a 1,39ab 83 FL a 217cd 126d 1,141abc 92 P value Significance ** ** ** ** NS z Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple 1,5 5/6 6/6 6/7 1, 5 6

7 Unmarketable by defect (%) Table 8. Second harvest unmarketable fruit by category with: zipper, cracking, scratch, oddshape and blossom-end scar for selected tomato varieties grown in Duette, FL. during spring Unmarketable by defect (%) Unmarketable Zipper Cracking Scratch Oddshape Blossomend scar (25-lb boxes/acre) B53.d z 2.4b K bcd 4.8bc SVR 2 1.3cd 57.5a RFT ab.c SevenTY III 53.6a.c Tygress 41.8a 1.4bc XTM ab 3.3bc XTM a 8.bc bcd 4.bc ab.c FL abc 4.7bc P value Significance ** ** NS NS NS NS z Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple Zipper Cracking Scratch Odd-shape Blossom-end scar 7

8 Yield (25-lb boxes/acre) Table 9. Total harvest marketable fruit yield by size categories for selected tomato varieties grown in in Duette, FL. during spring Marketable yield Unmarketable 5/6 6/6 6/7 Total (25-lb boxes/acre) B53 2,162bcd z 83ab 566a 3,558a 563ab K55 2,115d 681bcd 455b 3,252a 734a SVR 2 2,548ab 593de 285cd 3,426a 6ab RFT ,55d 785ab 48b 3,247a 42bc SevenTY III 2,233abcd 794ab 393b 3,421a 392bc Tygress 2,327abcd 767abc 379bc 3,473a 276c XTM 211 2,123d 492e 246d 2,861b 654ab XTM 916 2,318abcd 826ab 42b 3,564a 434bc ,63a 516de 197d 3,316a 449bc ,138cd 91a 61a 3,648a 574ab FL 47 2,526abc 64cde 239d 3,369a 263c P value Significance * ** ** ** ** z Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 5/6 6/6 6/7 8

9 Unmarketable by defect (%) Table 1. Total harvest unmarketable fruit by category with: zipper, cracking, scratch, odd-shape and blossom-end scar for selected tomato varieties grown in Duette, FL. during spring Unmarketable by defect (%) Unmarketable( Zipper Cracking Scratch Odd-shape Blossomend scar 25-lb boxes/acre) B53 7.5e z 29.7a b 15.6b 563ab K55 1.5e 1.8cd ab 31.9ab 734a SVR de 46.a bc 1.3d 6ab RFT ab.d bc.d 42bc SevenTY III 54.3a 2.2cd c 1.7d 392bc Tygress 36.7ab 6.7bc bc 1.5d 276c XTM bc 13.5b b 7.1bcd 654ab XTM ab 3.3cd bc.d 434bc cd 5.3cd ab 14.5bc 449bc de 2.2cd b 37.a 574ab FL e 6.6bcd a 3.3cd 263c P value Significance ** ** NS ** ** **. z Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple Zipper Cracking Scratch Odd-shape Blossom-end scar 9

10 Table 11. Postharvest evaluation of tomato fruit firmness (as fruit deformation) and color at table ripe stage at first harvest for TYLCV resistance tomato varieties grown in Duette, FL. during spring 212. Firmness test (12 DAH) Deformation (mm) z Color (Rating 1-1) y B a x 5.98ab K cd 6.a SVR a 5.75c RFT d 5.38d SevenTY III 1.95bcd 5.83bc Tygress 2.27a 5.75c XTM a 5.95ab XTM a 5.95ab d 6.a abc 5.98ab FL ab 5.5d P value.1.1 Significance ** ** DAH = Days after first harvest (3 days with ethylene treatment until breaker) z Very firm.7 mm; firm 1.4mm; medium 2.1 mm; Soft 2.8 mm; very soft > 2.8 mm. y 1= green and 1 = purple. x Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple 1