52 nd Annual. Sweetpotato Meeting. UCCE Classroom, Merced CA February 7, 2017

Transcription

1 52 nd Annual Sweetpotato Meeting UCCE Classroom, Merced CA February 7, 2017

2 Special thanks to: Sean Runyan, Merced Co. Assistant Ag Commissioner Sue Sim, UC Davis Foundation Plant Services Hicham Etal, MID Lonnie Slaton, Simplot; Melba Miamoto, Yosemite Farm Credit The Sweet Potato Council of California

3 Housekeeping Please sign in (PCA, CCA, Private applicator, general) Continuing edu credit: 1.0 hr L&R, 1.0 hr other ; CA 53841, 3.0 PM lunch: Arnold s Catering, thanks to Lonnie Slaton, Simplot, and Jim Alvernaz for the sweetpotatoes Sweet Potato Council of California business meeting after lunch

4 2016 Season El Nino brings average snow and rain. Lake McClure fills from historic low (64,000 A-ft) to 650,000 A-ft. SGMA signed, NMPs hit, min wage increase passes, new overtime rule, and CA Water Board proposes 100% increase in environmental flows on the Merced river.

5 2016 yields very good (~ 38 bins/a?). 5

6 California Production California Sweetpotatoes ,000, ,000,000 5,000,000 Production Value $/cwt 2015:&&USDA& es-mates&yield& at&340&cwt&per& acre.& ,000, Cwt 3,000, $/Cwt 2,000, ,000, Year 6

7 Outlook 2015 CA acres 18,500 (water did not limit), good Covington yields, production ~ (USDA 34 bins/a = 629 million lbs) CA acres 18,500. Good yields most varieties, slow harvest. Bellevue increasing, Bonita near 100% of sweets. 700 million lbs? 2016 MS: 26,000 acres, LA: 8100 (heavy rainfall losses), NC: >93,000 slowing exports, high inventory, low prices. Oct hurricane hit 10% of crop. 2017: CA same, all other states plan to increase slightly

8 2015 Water. We have it in 2016, but after that? In last 10 years, 8 have been dry, 1 average, and 1 wet.

9 Sweetpotato Research Review 2016 Collaborators Trial ALT (Advanced Line Trial) Burgundy hill trial Adama Nimitz trials Herbicide tests

10 Collaborators Trial Quail-H Farms, Cooperator Bed: Feb 23, 2016 Transplant May 18, 2016 Harvest Oct 14 (149 days) 2 rows, 50 ft plots, 4 reps

11 LSD based on No. 1 yield

12 Variety notes NC (light red) will be released this year, no name yet New cultivars to test: L (like Bellevue), L (double-red), NC (purple), NC (red), L-14-15P Burgundy hill trial

13 Collaborators(Trial(2015( NC05D198" Bonita" LD09D149" NCD87D847" Bellevue"(LSU52)" Orleans" Diane" Burgundy"(175"G1)" Bx" Covington" in different field location No."1's" Medium" Jumbos" 0" 200" 400" 600" 800" 1000" 1200" 1400" boxes/a(

14 Bellevue Lt. orange Skin and flesh, purple foliage Good shape, color, and skin set Resistant: RKN, Stem Rot, Pox, Russet Crack NOT insect resistant Eating, baking: fine. Fries: Simplot does not like Cracks in late season

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16 2013 irrigation trial: >20% in late season harvest

17 Burgundy hill trial

18 Why? FPS clone may be bad. early trial data indicated good yield potential continues to perform well in the NSPCG trial in other states Insect, disease, and nematode resistance Good flavor, sugar, and nutrient profile 18

19 Meds& No.(1's( medium&boxes/a& 500" 450" 400" 350" 300" 250" 200" 150" 100" 50" 0" y"="73.924x"+"92.303" R²"=" " boxes/a( 600" 500" 400" 300" 200" 100" y"="79.093x"*"36.586" R²"="0.4488" 0.0" 1.0" 2.0" 3.0" 4.0" 5.0" 6.0" 7.0" 0" avg&root&count/hill& 0.0" 1.0" 2.0" 3.0" 4.0" 5.0" 6.0" 7.0"

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21 #1 yield too low at 36.7%, no significant differences between clones

22 Root knot nematode (RKN) management in sweetpotatoes with Nimitz nematicide Scott Stoddard, UC Cooperative Extension Merced County Antoon Ploeg, UC Riverside Dept. of Nematology

23 Nimitz Fluensulfone. ADAMA USA First new nematicide in 25+ years. CA registration 2014 on tomatoes, cucurbits, eggplant, & peppers potato, sweetpotatoes, onions, expected 2017 Signal word: CAUTION 23

24 Root knot nematode (RKN) M. incognita at J2 stage

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26 2015 trial in SoCal

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28 2016 Objective: Evaluate shank applications of Nimitz at different rates (fluensulfone; Adama ).

29 Treatments 1. UTC 2. CPS shanked Nimitz 3.5 pints/a in 41 gals water 3. Nimitz shank application 5.0 pints/a 4. Nimitz broadcast PPI 3.5 pints/a 5. Nimitz broadcast PPI 5.0 pints/a 6. Metam K shanked 41 gpa (standard) 29

30 Methods David Betchart with Victor s Produce. Shank applications made April 21, 2016, using CPS metam shank rig. 125 ft x 3 beds. RCBD with 3 reps. Broadcast applications with back pack, 70 gpa equivalent, incorporated to 2. Diane transplanted June 10. Harvest Oct 25

31 Metam applied at 3, 6, and 9 on 9 centers.

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34 Nematicide Trial 2016 Antoon Ploeg South Coast REC Sweetpotato harvest, 9/22/2016 Laying out tubers per plot for counting, rating and weighing 9/22/2016

35 Nematicides: significant increase in yield and decrease in RKN damage in %"MARKETABLE"ROOTS" 80" 70" 60" 50" 40" 30" 20" 10" 0" SWEET"POTATO"NEMATODE"DAMAGE" UTC" VPAM" VELUM" NIMITZ"3.5" NIMITZ"5.0" Q8U80"61" Q8U80930" 2X" Q8U80" GRAN"

36 J2"PER"100"G"SOIL" YIELD"(KG"ROOTS)" 45" 40" 35" 30" 25" 20" 15" 10" 5" 0" 1000" 100" 10" SWEET"POTATO"YIELD" UTC" VPAM" VELUM" NIMITZ"3.5" NIMITZ"5.0" Q8U80"61" Q8U80830" 2X" SWEET"POTATO"SOIL"NEMATODE"LEVELS" Q8U80" GRAN" PI# PF# 1" UTC" VPAM" VELUM" NIMITZ"3.5" NIMITZ"5.0" Q8U80"61" Q8U80630" 2X" Q8U80" GRAN"

37 Nimitz results SoCal: very effective when applied as a drench. Significantly fewer culls and improved yield ( ). Merced: shank applications look promising - significant improvement compared to UTC (2016). Application and costs?

38 2016 Fluridone Trial: USDA IR-4 trial in sweetpotatoes to evaluate weed control and crop injury from different rates of fluridone herbicide

39 Fluridone Sonar One (aqautics) or Brake herbicide in cotton for glyphosate resistant Palmer Amaranth Bleaching herbicide that inhibits carotenoid synthesis and is easily absorbed by roots and translocated. tested by Stephen Meyer (MSU 2013) and Katie Jennings (NCSU 2014) and generally found to be safe and effective. 39

40 Treatments 1. UTC - hand weeded check 2. Fluridone 9.6 oz/a broadcast PRE no incorporation 3. Fluridone 19.2 oz/a 4. Fluridone 38.4 oz/a 5. Devrinol (napropamide) 4 lbs/a PPI 6. Dual Magnum (metolachlor) 1 pt/a 20 days POST, inc. 7. UTC - weedy 8. Fluridone 19.2 oz/a 21 days POST inc. 9. Devrinol 4 lb/a 21 days POST inc. Treatments #8, #9 added late 40

41 Methods PRE applications made April 28 to prepared bed POST applications made 3 weeks after transplanting and mechanically incorporated 40 psi, 8004 nozzles, 70 gpa equivalent RCB with 4 reps, plots 35 x 6.67 (1 bed), means separation Fisher s Protected LSD Transplanted April 29 (cv Bonita) Weed and crop injury ratings at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days Harvest Sept 20, 2016 using commercial harvester and crew. Yield and grade 41

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43 Fluridone metolachlor Crop injury 10 days after POST applications

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46 Yield # # # boxes/a( 800.0# 600.0# 400.0# 200.0# 0.0# UTC#hand#weeded# Fluridone#9.6#oz/A#broadcast# PRE# Fluridone#19.2#oz/A#PRE# Fluridone#38.4#oz/A#PRE# Devrinol#(napropamide)#4#lbs/A# PPI# Dual#Magnum#(metolachlor)#1# pt/a#20#days#post#inc.# UTC#weedy# Fluridone#19.2#oz/A#21#days# POST#inc.# Devrinol#4#lbs/A#21#days#POST# inc.# Jumbos# Meds# No.#1's# 46

47 TMY% total%yld,%boxes/a% " " " " 800.0" 600.0" 400.0" 200.0" 0.0" y"="$1985.7x 3 "+"2423.8x 2 "+"430.37x"+"315.59" R²"="0.7102" 0%" 20%" 40%" 60%" 80%" 100%" 120%" weed%control%at%56%days%

48 UTC June 2, 2016 Dual Magnum

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50 Suppress Herbicide OMRI listed Caprylic acid + capric acid A contact, post emergent nonselective herbicide tested at 3%, 6%, and 9% compared to weedy and nonweedy controls 50

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52 4" 3.5" Suppress$Herbicide$Trial$ weed$pressure$(0+5)$ 3" 2.5" 2" 1.5" 1" 0.5" BL" Grass" 0" UTC","weedy" Hand"weed" 3%"in"30"gpa" no"adjuvant" 6%"in"30"gpa" no"adjuvant" 9%"in"30"gpa" no"adjuvant" 6%"+"0.25%" Latron"B"

53 Conclusions Fluridone at all rates caused unacceptable levels of crop injury with poor weed control and significant yield losses. Dual magnum provides inconsistent weed control in CA conditions. Suppress herbicide was very effective at all tested rates. 53

54 Questions?