Research Report Small Grains Variety Evaluation at Arizona City, Maricopa and Yuma, 2014

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1 Research Report Small s Variety Evaluation at Arizona City, Maricopa and Yuma, 2014 AZ1648 October 2014 M. J. Ottman Extension Agronomist, University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Summary Small grain varieties are evaluated each year by University of Arizona personnel. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of nd other attributes. Variety performance varies greatly from year to year and several site-years are necessary to adequately characterize the yield potential of a variety. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at Introduction Small grain varieties were tested as part of the on-going effort to assess variety productivity and characteristics. Barley, durum, and wheat commercial cultivars and experimental lines were tested. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of yield potential, relative maturity, quality, and other characteristics. Small plot variety trials do not substitute for localized on-farm testing of new varieties. Varieties are known to differ in their response to specific management regimes and weather conditions. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona is available from your local Cooperative Extension office or online at Procedure Barley, durum, and wheat varieties were evaluated at the following locations: Maricopa by the University of Arizona and World Wide Wheat, Arizona City by Arizona Plant Breeders, and Yuma by Monsanto-WestBred. Second Nature Research (Barkley Inc.) acquired the desert durum breeding program from Monsanto-WestBred effective May, Also, Bay State Milling acquired the bread wheat and barley breeding program of World Wide Wheat recently. The seed was planted in 20 ft rows with a cone planter in seven rows spaced 7 inches apart. The seeding rate was approximately 100 lbs/acre for durum and wheat varieties and 85 lbs/acre for barley varieties. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3-6 replications, and 12 barley, 21 durum, and 11 wheat entries. Growing conditions at each site are listed in Table 1. The following data was collected, but not all data was collected for all crops at all locations: grain yield, test, seed, plant height, lodging, heading, physiological maturity, grain protein, and HVAC. was harvested with small plot combines and yields are expressed on an as is moisture basis. was calculated from the of 1 pint of grain. was determined from 200 seed. HVAC was determined from 10 g of seed. protein was determined from total N multiplied by 5.7 for durum and wheat, and expressed on a 12% moisture basis. Physiological maturity is defined as when the glumes turn brown. Abbreviations for the sources of varieties are: APB = Arizona Plant Breeders, UA = University of Arizona, WB = WestBred, WWW = World Wide Wheat, UC = University of California, SNR = Second Nature Research.

2 Discussion Yield and plant characteristics of the varieties are presented for the various locations in Tables 2-10 and a summary of the grain yields at all locations is presented in Table 11. This year was characterized by a warm winter and early spring. Several locations and years are needed to accurately assess variety performance. The results of this trial are most useful when combined with data from previous years. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at Acknowledgments Financial support for this project was received from the Arizona Research and Promotion Council and the Arizona Crop Improvement Association. I wish to thank Donny Gray of Westbred for conducting the trials in Yuma, Eric Norton and Charles Nitamoah of World Wide Wheat for conducting the trials in Maricopa, and Oly Cantu and Al Carleton of Arizona Plant Breeders for conducting the trials in Arizona City. The technical assistance of Mary Comeau is greatly appreciated.

3 Table 1. Cultural practices for the small grains variety trials at the various locations. Cultural information Arizona City (APB) Maricopa (UA) Maricopa (WWW) Yuma (WPB) Previous crop Cotton Fallow Fallow Lettuce Soil texture Sandy loam Sandy loam Sandy clay loam Clay loam Planting date 12/18/13 12/18/13 1/21/14 1/18/14 Irrigation dates (amount) 12/18 (rain) 1/04 (6.15 in.) 1/27 (4.85 in.) 2/20 (5.05 in.) 3/12 (4.34 in.) 3/27 (4.78 in.) 4/10 (4.97 in.) 4/26 (5.36 in.) 5/09 (4.86 in.) - Wheat 12/18 (5.50 in.) 1/30 (4.68 in.) 2/27 (3.51 in.) 3/18 (5.37 in.) 4/01 (5.45 in.) 4/14 (3.79 in.) 4/25 (3.64 in.) 1/21 (7 in) 2/19 (3 in) 3/11 (4 in) 3/21 (4 in) 4/05 (5 in) 4/17 (5 in) 5/02 (4 in) 1/18 Sprinkler Germ 2/13 Flood 3/15 Flood 4/3 Flood 4/19 Flood 5/1 Flood Total = Wheat Total = Barley Total = in. Total = 32 in. Nitrogen dates (lbs N/acre, fertilizer) Nov, 2013: 10 T/A manure 12/1: 96 as /25: 25 as /18: 33 as /11: 37 as /25: 46 as /8: 32 as /23: 26 as /30: 106 as /27: 42 as /18: 53 as /01: 25 as Total = 226 lbs N/a Preplant: 50 as /19: 53 as /21: 46 as /05: 30 as /17: 42 as Total=221 lbs N/a 1/18 : 65 as /13: 45 as /15: 50 as /3: 45 as /19 40 as Total= 245 lbs N/a Total = 295 lbs N/a Phosphorus (date, lbs P 2 O 5 /a, fertilizer) Nov, 2013: 10 T/A manure 12/1: 96 as Total = 96 lbs P 2 O 5 /a N/A N/A None Pesticides (date) None None Warrior II (3/3) Affinity/Aim (3/10) Harvest date 7/2 5/27 6/10 6/2

4 Table 2. Barley variety yield results from Maricopa (UA), Plant height Lodging Heading Flowering Maturity lbs/acre lbs/bu mg inches % Baretta APB /22 3/22 4/29 Kopious APB /15 3/15 4/25 Chico WB /16 3/16 4/24 Cochise WB /24 3/24 5/02 Nebula WB /22 3/22 4/27 Commander WWW /27 3/27 5/04 Max WWW /05 4/05 5/ APB /26 3/27 4/ APB /28 3/28 5/ APB /27 3/27 5/03 BA4545 WWW /26 3/26 5/05 BA9101 WWW /05 4/05 5/08 Avg /25 3/25 5/01 a yield: LSD (5%) = 730 lbs/acre and cv = 13.1%. Table 3. Barley variety yield results from Arizona City (APB), Plant height Lodging Shattering lbs/acre lbs/bu mg inches % % Baretta APB Kopious APB Chico WB Cochise WB Nebula WB Commander WWW Max WWW APB APB APB BA4545 WWW BA9101 WWW Avg a yield: LSD (5%) = 963 lbs/acre and cv = 10.4%.

5 Table 4. Barley variety yield results from Yuma (WB), lbs/acre lbs/bu mg Baretta APB Kopious APB Chico WB Cochise WB Nebula WB Commander WWW Max WWW APB APB APB BA4545 WWW BA9101 WWW Avg a yield: LSD (5%) = 1020 lbs/acre and cv = 9.6%. Table 5. Barley variety yield results from Maricopa (WWW), lbs/acre lbs/bu mg Baretta APB Kopious APB Chico WB Cochise WB Nebula WB Commander WWW Max WWW APB APB APB BA4545 WWW BA9101 WWW Avg a yield: LSD (5%) = 439 lbs/acre and cv = 13.7%.

6 Table 6. Durum and wheat variety yield results from Maricopa (UA), Plant height Lodging Heading Flowering Maturity HVAC protein lbs/acre lbs/bu mg inches % % % Durum Helios APB /16 3/20 4/ Kronos APB /17 3/21 4/ Tiburon APB /19 3/22 5/ Westmore HP APB /18 3/21 4/ Havasu SNR /17 3/21 4/ Orita SNR /27 3/31 5/ WB-Mead SNR /03 4/06 5/ WB-Mohave SNR /21 3/23 5/ Crown WWW /25 3/28 5/ Duraking WWW /24 3/28 5/ Platinum WWW /19 3/22 4/ Q-Max WWW /26 3/30 5/ Topper WWW /29 4/01 5/ APB /20 3/23 4/ APB /18 3/22 4/ APB /17 3/21 4/ APB /17 3/21 4/ ARGD7079 WWW /18 3/22 4/ CHD0710B WWW /22 3/23 5/ D2517 WWW /18 3/22 5/ D WWW /26 3/30 5/ Aldura NK /27 3/31 5/ WB 881 SNR /28 4/01 5/ Kronos APB /20 3/24 5/ Avg /22 3/25 5/ Wheat Joaquin WB /16 3/20 4/ WB9112 WB /16 3/20 4/ WB9229 WB /22 3/24 4/ WB-Joaquin Oro WB /12 3/16 4/ WB-Paloma WB /17 3/20 4/ Mika WWW /24 3/27 5/ APB /21 3/25 4/ APB /18 3/21 4/ AUBR30023W WWW /21 3/23 4/ CABR3509W WWW /22 3/24 4/ Yecora Rojo UC /21 3/25 4/ Joaquin WB /16 3/20 4/ Avg /19 3/22 4/ a yield: LSD (5%) = 979 lbs/acre and cv = 12.7% for durum. Data not presented for some varieties due to bird damage.

7 Table 7. Durum and wheat variety yield results from Arizona City (APB), Plant height Lodging HVAC protein lbs/acre lbs/bu mg inches % % Durum Helios APB Kronos APB Tiburon APB Westmore HP APB Havasu SNR Orita SNR WB-Mead SNR WB-Mohave SNR Crown WWW Duraking WWW Platinum WWW Q-Max WWW Topper WWW APB APB APB APB ARGD7079 WWW CHD0710B WWW D2517 WWW D WWW Avg Wheat Joaquin WB WB9112 WB WB9229 WB WB-Joaquin Oro WB WB-Paloma WB Mika WWW APB APB AUBR30023W WWW CABR3509W WWW Yecora Rojo UC Avg a yield: LSD (5%) = 881 lbs/acre and cv = 11.3% for durum and 652 lbs/acre and cv = 6.7% for wheat.

8 Table 8. Durum and wheat variety yield results from Yuma (WB), HVAC protein lbs/acre lbs/bu mg % % Durum Helios APB Kronos APB Tiburon APB Westmore HP APB Havasu SNR Orita SNR WB-Mead SNR WB-Mohave SNR Crown WWW Duraking WWW Platinum WWW Q-Max WWW Topper WWW APB APB APB APB ARGD7079 WWW CHD0710B WWW D2517 WWW D WWW Maestrale Allstar Saragolla Allstar Avg Wheat Joaquin WB WB9112 WB WB9229 WB WB-Joaquin Oro WB WB-Paloma WB Mika WWW APB APB AUBR30023W WWW CABR3509W WWW Yecora Rojo UC Avg a yield: LSD (5%) = 1273 lbs/acre and cv = 10.6% for durum and 1173 lbs/acre and cv = 9.6% for wheat.

9 Table 9. Durum and wheat variety yield results from Maricopa (WWW), HVAC protein lbs/acre lbs/bu mg % % Durum Helios APB Kronos APB Tiburon APB Westmore HP APB Havasu SNR Orita SNR WB-Mead SNR WB-Mohave SNR Crown WWW Duraking WWW Platinum WWW Q-Max WWW Topper WWW APB APB APB APB ARGD7079 WWW CHD0710B WWW D2517 WWW D WWW Avg Wheat Joaquin WB WB9112 WB WB9229 WB WB-Joaquin Oro WB WB-Paloma WB Mika WWW APB APB AUBR30023W WWW CABR3509W WWW Avg a yield: LSD (5%) = 556 lbs/acre and cv = 12.0% for durum and 558 lbs/acre and cv = 15.6% for wheat.

10 Table 10. Winterized spring wheat variety yield results from Maricopa (UA), The variety Phoenix was used as a source of the vernalization (vrn) gene in winterized spring wheat varieties. Winterized spring wheats have later heading and better chance to avoid late spring frost than the respective spring wheat types due to the vrn gene. Winterized spring wheats do not have the cold hardiness of true winter wheats, however. The winterized spring wheat concept was first developed by Albert Pugsley in Australia as a way for spring wheat varieties to avoid late spring frosts. All the varieties were developed by Cal Qualset, Emeritus Wheat Breeder at UC Davis, except for Joaquin, which was developed by WestBred. yields are not presented due to bird damage. Plant height Lodging Heading Flowering Maturity protein HVAC lbs/bu mg inches % % % Anza /23 3/25 4/ Anza 94W (Winanza) /29 4/01 5/ Siete Cerros /25 3/28 5/ Siete Cerros 93W (Wincerros) /28 4/01 5/ Tanori /15 3/19 4/ Tanori 94W red (Wintan Rojo) /22 3/25 5/ Tanori 94W white (Wintan Blanco) /22 3/25 5/ Yecora Rojo /17 3/21 4/ Joaquin /10 3/15 4/ Yecora Rojo 93W (Wincora) /23 3/27 4/ Portola /21 3/22 4/ Portola 94W (Wintola) /27 4/01 5/ Pitic /19 3/22 4/ Pitic 94W (Wintic) /24 3/27 5/ Phoenix /31 4/03 5/ Wincal /25 3/29 5/ Avg /22 3/26 4/

11 Table 11. Summary of barley, durum, and wheat variety yield results for 2014 from three locations. Data from WWW was not used due to low yields and barley data from APB was not used due to shattering. yield (% of location average) AZ City (APB) Maricopa (UA) Yuma (WPB) Mean Barley Baretta APB Kopious APB Chico WB Cochise WB Nebula WB Commander WWW Max WWW APB APB APB BA4545 WWW BA9101 WWW Standard Deviation Helios APB Kronos APB Tiburon APB Westmore HP APB Havasu SNR Orita SNR WB-Mead SNR WB-Mohave SNR Crown WWW Duraking WWW Platinum WWW Q-Max WWW Topper WWW APB APB APB APB ARGD7079 WWW CHD0710B WWW D2517 WWW D WWW Joaquin WB WB9112 WB WB9229 WB WB-Joaquin Oro WB WB-Paloma WB Mika WWW APB APB AUBR30023W WWW CABR3509W WWW