Biology 222 Invertebrate Zoology II
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1 Biology 222 Invertebrate Zoology II Fall 2004 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University Lecture 12 Annelid Systematics Three primary groups a. Class Polychaeta b. Class Oligochaeta c. Class Hirudinida The Older Version Annelid Systematics Three primary groups a. Class Polychaeta b. Class Clitellata 1. Subclass Oligochaeta 2. Subclass Hirudinoidea
2 Subclass Hirudinoidea Three Orders: a. Order Acanthobdellida 1. Small groups, but apparently ancestral. 2. Posterior sucker only. 3. Occasional parasite on freshwater fish. Class Hirudinoidea Three Orders: b. Order Branchiobdellida 1. Small group, single family 2. Ectoparasitic on crayfish 3. Occasionally placed with oligochaetes. Three Orders: c. Order Hirudinea 1.Considered the true leeches. Class Hirudinoidea
3 Order Hirudinea 2. Two suborders a. Rhynchobdellae - with proboscis b. Arhynchobdellae - without proboscis. Hirudinoid Reproduction 1. Male and female reproductive anatomy 2. Like oligochaetes a. Hermaphroditism b. Differential allocation of energy to sperm, ova (S>>O). c. Sex Allocation. Hirudinoid Reproduction 1. Usually with copulation 2. or occasionally with hypodermic insemination
4 Hirudinoid Reproduction a. Rhynchobdellae 1. male and female copulatory structures Hirudinoid Reproduction b. Arhynchobdellae 1. reduced female structures 2. vector tissue 1. Receives sperm after hypodermic insemination. a. Responsible for transporting sperm (or spermatophore ) to ovaries Vector Tissue
5 Parental Care 2. Many leeches provide parental care to young a. Broods are guarded and fed by the parent. b. Some species for creches. Baby Leeches with Mom/Dad Leech Poetry I thought I saw a forest rat Which hopped just out of reach I looked again, and saw it was A giant sucking leach. If that should come to dine, I thought 'Twould drink us all and each
6 Leech Poetry I took a leach to bed with me, I fed it all night through, But when by light I chanced to see, I squashed it with my shoe. Brush off your leaches, start bleeding right now, Brush off your leaches, and the women you will wow. Annelid Evolution 1. Annelids appear to be derived from ancestors that may have occupied freshwater or brackish environments Annelid Evolution a. Similar to polychaetes - had setae b. Probably didn't arise from full polychaetes because it would require loss of parapodia. c. However, polychaetes have trochophore larvae.
7 Trochophore Larvae 1. Possessed by several coelomate protostomes. Trochophore Larvae 1. Phylum Annelida a. Class Polychaeta 2. Phylum Echiura 3. Phylum Sipuncula 4. Phylum Mollusca
8 Annelid Evolution a. Similar to polychaetes - had setae b. Probably didn't arise from full polychaetes because it would require loss of parapodia. c. Possess specialized structures associated with copulation. 2. Seem to be ancestral to other clitellate worms (leeches). 1. Unique annelid head 2. Parapodia 3. Elaboration of polychaete head.
9 4. Hermaphroditism 5. Clitellum 6. Direct development 7. Cerebral ganglion shift 8. Reproductive anatomy 9. Fixed segment number 10. Fusion of coelomic compartments 11. Posterior sucker 12. Superficial annuli 13. Loss of chetae Coelomate Worms 1. Four Major Phyla a. Phylum Echiura b. Phylum Sipuncula c. Phylum Pogonophora d. Phylum Vestimentifera
10 Coelomate Worms 1. Four Major Phyla a. Phylum Echiura b. Phylum Sipuncula c. Phylum Pogonophora d. Phylum Vestimentifera Are actually Polychaetes!
11
12 Higher Protostomes Higher Protostomes Sipuncula Mollusca Echiura Annelida Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora Higher Protostomes Sipuncula Mollusca Echiura Annelida Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora
13 Higher Protostomes Sipuncula Mollusca Echiura Annelida Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora
14 Higher Protostomes Sipuncula Mollusca Echiura Annelida Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora
15
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Figure 32.8 Animal phylogeny based on sequencing of SSU-rRNA
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Annelida and other worms
Phylum Annelida 1 Trochozoa (autapomorphie) Presence of the trochophore larval stage!! Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca
Each unit contains components of most organ systems. Increased burrowing efficiency by permitting movement of segments
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