OVERVIEW OF PORT AND SHIPPING EMISSIONS IN ASIA

Transcription

1 OVERVIEW OF PORT AND SHIPPING EMISSIONS IN ASIA

2 Ports in Asia have rown rapidly and copetition is intense World s top 10 container ports ( ) Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Shanhai Shanhai Shanhai Shanhai Shanhai 3 Busan Busan Busan Shanhai Shanhai Shanhai Shanhai 4 Kaohsiun 5 Kaohsiun 6 Shanhai 7 Aneles Shanhai Kaohsiun Aneles Shanhai Shanhai Shanhai Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Sinapore Shanhai Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen Kaohsiun Shenzhen Shenzhen Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Busan Kaohsiun Kaohsiun Kaohsiun Dubai Guanzho u Dubai Ninbo Dubai Ninbo Guanzho u Ninbo Guanzho Guanzho u u Ninbo- Zhoushan Busan Qindao Guanzho u 8 Lon Beach 9 Shenzhen Aneles Aneles Aneles Habur Dubai Kaohsiun Guanzho u Habur Habur Habur Habur Habur Dubai Habur Habur Ninbo Qindao Qindao Qindao Ninbo- Ninbo- Zhoushan Zhoushan Guanzhou Qindao Qindao Dubai Dubai Dubai Dubai Dubai 10 Antwerp Lon Beach Antwerp Antwerp Dubai Aneles Aneles Ninbo Habur Tianjin Tianjin Tianjin Tianjin Tianjin Tianjin 2

3 PM 2.5 (u/ 3 ) Most lare port cities in Asia have lare population and face air pollution probles Bubble size = population 70 Tianjin 60 Dubai 50 Dalian Qindao Ninbo- Zhoushan Shanhai Jakarta Xiaen Kaohsiun Guanzhou Shenzhen Tanjun Pelepas Port Klan Busan Antwerp Habur Aneles Sinapore WHO Air Quality Guideline container throuhput (illion TEU) 3

4 Air pollution fro shippin causes adverse health ipacts Preature deaths per year attributable to East Asian Shippin Eissions Liu Huan, et al. 2016, Health and cliate ipacts of ocean-oin vessels in East Asia, Nature Cliate Chane. 4

5 Port cities collaborate on clean air efforts: Iprove air quality while aintainin copetitiveness Ships usin clean fuels, advanced technoloies and practices in reulated reions could readily eet stricter standards Unifor reulations can iniize caro diversion to the least reulated ports Incentive proras for prootin reen shippin and ports becoe ore attractive if adopted by a larer network of ports Ports could leapfro to adopt cost-effective, reen port technoloies / practices Shore power Electric- or LNG-fueled port equipent LNG-fueled vessels

6 Thank you!

7 NOx pollution in Asia is BAD (2014) NASA,

8 so is PM 2.5 pollution ( ) Sources: Aaron van Donkelaar et al, Use of satellite observations for lon-ter exposure assessent of lobal concentrations of fine particulate atter, 8

9 Ships are a ajor source of air pollution in port cities Pollution fro ships SO x NO x PM % 33% 42% Shenzhen 59% 16% 5% Shanhai ++ 22% 17% 4% +: 2014 data, Includes eissions fro all vessels : 2014 data, Includes eissions fro oceanoin vessels; account for share of SO 2, not SO x ++: 2013 data, Includes eissions fro all vessels 9

10 Controllin shippin pollution is late-coin in PM 2.5 Noncobustion 7% Other Cobustion 8% Civil Aviation 0% Bioass Burnin 16% Marine 17% Road Transport 43% Electricity Generation 9% Civil Aviation 1% Noncobustion 10% Other Cobustion 16% Bioass Burnin 4% Marine 42% Road Transport 17% Electricity Generation 10% SO 2 Civil Aviation 0% Bioass Burnin 0% Other Cobustion 7% Marine 23% Road Transport 4% Electricity Generation 66% Bioass Burnin 0% Other Cobustion 1% Civil Aviation 2% Marine 44% Electricity Generation 53% Road Transport 0% 10

11 Reions that reulate arine fuel sulfur content IMO North Aerica ECAs (0.1%) IMO North Sea & Baltic Sea SEC As (0.1%) California OGV Fuel Rule (0.1%) China Doestic Eission Control Areas (DECAs) (0.5%) OGV Fuel Switch At Berth Reulation (0.5%) 11