Joint Parsing and Translation

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1 Joint arsing and Translation Yang Liu and Qun Liu Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 1

2 Separate arsing and Translation source target string parse tree translate string (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 2

3 Separate arsing and Translation arse the source sentence into a tree I V VB VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 3

4 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string I V VB I X1: X2:V X1 X2 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 4

5 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string I V X1: X2:V VB X1 X2 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 5

6 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string V VB bushi Bush VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 6

7 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string V VB bushi Bush VV AS NN Bush yu shalong juxing le huitan (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 7

8 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string V V X1: X2:VB VB X2 X1 VV AS NN Bush yu shalong juxing le huitan (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 8

9 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string V X1: X2:VB VB X2 X1 VV AS NN Bush juxing le huitan yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 9

10 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string VB VV AS X1: VB juxing le held a X1 VV AS NN Bush juxing le huitan yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 10

11 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string VB VV AS X1: NN juxing le held a X1 Bush held a huitan yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 11

12 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string NN huitan talk NN Bush held a huitan yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 12

13 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string NN huitan talk Bush held a talk yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 13

14 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string X1: X2: X1 X2 Bush held a talk yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 14

15 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string X1: X2: X1 X2 Bush held a talk yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 15

16 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string yu with Bush held a talk yu shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 16

17 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string yu with Bush held a talk with shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 17

18 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string shalong Sharon Bush held a talk with shalong (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 18

19 Separate arsing and Translation Transfer the tree into a target string shalong Sharon Bush held a talk with Sharon (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 19

20 Forest as Input I0,6 N0,3 V1,6 1,3 VB3,6 0,1 CC1,2 1,2 2,3 VS3,4 AS4,5 5,6 bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan (Mi et al., 2008) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 20

21 Joint arsing and Translation source target string parse tree/forest translate string (Liu et al., 2006; Mi et al., 2008) source target string parse + translate tree/forest string This work August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 21

22 Joint arsing and Translation bushi Bush bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 22

23 Joint arsing and Translation yu with bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 23

24 Joint arsing and Translation shalong Sharon bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 24

25 Joint arsing and Translation NN huitan talk NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon talk August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 25

26 Joint arsing and Translation X1: X2: X1 X2 NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon talk August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 26

27 Joint arsing and Translation X1: X2: X1 X2 NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon talk August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 27

28 Joint arsing and Translation VV VB AS X1: VB juxing le held a X1 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon talk August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 28

29 Joint arsing and Translation VV VB AS X1: VB juxing le held a X1 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon held a talk August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 29

30 Joint arsing and Translation V V X1: X2:VB VB X2 X1 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush with Sharon held a talk August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 30

31 Joint arsing and Translation V V X1: X2:VB VB X2 X1 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush held a talk with Sharon August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 31

32 Joint arsing and Translation I V I X1: X2:V VB X1 X2 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush held a talk with Sharon August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 32

33 Joint arsing and Translation I V I X1: X2:V VB X1 X2 VV AS NN bushi yu shalong juxing le huitan Bush held a talk with Sharon August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 33

34 Synchronous Binarization I X1: X2: V X3:VB X1 X3 X2 (Zhang et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2009) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 34

35 arsing and Translation Features source sentence source tree feature function score f, π, e λ h f, π, e K = ( ) ( ) k= 1 target sentence feature weight k k (Och, 2003) parsing features CFG Collins model 1 translation features tree-to-string model n-gram language model word penalty August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 35

36 Translation Evaluation Training sets Tree-to-string translation model: 251K sentences N-gram language model: GIGAWORD Xinhua arsing models: enn Chinese Treebank V5 Development set NIST 2002 Chinese-English Test set NIST 2005 Chinese-English Evaluation metric Case-insensitive BLEU4 max-bleu training August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 36

37 Tree-based, forest-based and string-based tree forest string August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 37

38 Effect of arsing Models on Translation Quality none CFG Lex CFG+Lex August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 38

39 Why Different? tree-based forest-based string-based August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 39

40 arsing Evaluation Training set Tree-to-string translation model: 251K sentences N-gram language model: GIGAWORD Xinhua arsing models: enn Chinese Treebank V5 (Articles and ) Development set Articles max-f1 Test set training Articles Evaluation metric F1 (<= 40 words ) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 40

41 arsing erformance none CFG Lex CFG+Lex August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 41

42 Related Work Translation as parsing String-to-tree (Galley et al., 2006; Shen et al., 2008) String-to-string (Chiang et al., 2007; lunsom and Osborne, 2008) Tree-to-tree (Chiang, 2010) Syntax-based language model Constituency (Charniak et al., 2003) Dependency (Shen et al., 2008) Joint parsing (Smith and Smith, 2004; Burkett and Klein, 2008) Bilingually constrained monolingual parsing (Huang et al., 2009) Joint Tokenization and Translation (Xiao et al., 2010) August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 42

43 Conclusion and Future Work Joint parsing and translation by casting treeto-string translation as a parsing problem: Translation: +1.1 BLEU over forest-based arsing: F1=80.6 Future directions Efficient decoding algorithm In-depth investigation of forest matching Try on better parsing models Scale up to larger data August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 43

44 Thank You! August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 44

45 Backup Slides for Questions August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 45

46 Average Decoding Time tree-based forest-based string-based August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 46

47 ``Separate arsing and Translation source target string parse + translate tree/forest string source target string parse forest translate string parse with TSG! August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 47

48 Effect of Bilingual Corpus Size on arsing erformance August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 48

49 Effect of Language Model Size on arsing erformance August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 49

50 Better Trees = Better Translations? August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 50

51 ``Rule Tree in ``arser Forest? Forest size M 66M 105M Exact match (%) recision (%) * sub-sentence division was used to reduce decoding complexity August 26, 2010 COLING 2010, Beijing, China 51

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