Review of iterative design approach Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological
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1 Review of iterative design approach Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological 2001 David L. Akin - All rights reserved
2 Overview of the Design Process Program Objectives System Requirements Vehicle-level Estimation (based on a few parameters from prior art) System-level Estimation (system parameters based on prior experience) System-level Design (based on disciplineoriented analysis)
3 Organization of Spacecraft Disciplines Crew Systems Space Physiology Life Support Systems Human Factors and Habitability Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Propulsion Systems Power Generation and Energy Storage Thermal Analysis and Control Avionics Systems Guidance, Navigation, and Control Data Management and Information Technologies Communication Systems Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms Loads Estimation Structural Analysis Structures and Mechanism Design
4 Lung Measurements From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
5 Gas Exchange in the Lungs From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
6 Alveolar Pressures From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
7 Gas Exchange in the Tissues From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
8 Effects of Supplemental Oxygen From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
9 Hypoxia Effective Performance Time From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
10 Respiratory Problems Hypoxia Hypoxic Hypemic Stagnant Histotoxic Hyperoxia Hypocapnia Hypercapnia
11 Types of Hypoxia Hypoxic (insufficient O 2 present) Decompression Pneumonia Hypemic (insufficient blood capacity) Hemorrhage Anemia Stagnant (insufficient blood transport) Excessive acceleration Heart failure Histotoxic (insufficient tissue absorption) Poisoning
12 Oxygen Toxicity From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
13 Decompression Sickness Release of dissolved gases in blood following pressure drop DCS, Caisson Disease, The Bends J. B. S. Haldane modeled DCS as supersaturation of dissolved nitrogen in blood: R PN 2 = = 079. ( nominally) P ambient Experience indicates symptomatic DCS onset at levels of
14 Vestibular System From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
15 Vestibular Sense Organs From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
16 Otolith Responses From Roy DeHart, Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Lea & Febiger, 1985
17 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular deconditioning Upper body blood pooling Changes in blood volume Increased calcium content
18 Artificial Gravity Lunar gravity Mars gravity 0.5*Earth gravity 0.75*Earth gravity Earth gravity Rotation Rate (rpm)
19 Short-Term Dose Radiation Effects rem - minor blood changes rem 5-10% minor nausea and vomiting rem 25-50% nausea and vomiting 50% reduction in lymphocytes rem Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, minor hemorrhage 75% reduction in all blood cells 5-50% incidence of death
20 Short-Term Dose Radiation Effects rem Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage, emaciation 75% reduction in all blood cells 50-90% mortality within 6 weeks 6 month convalescence rem Nausea and vomiting within four hours Mortality approaching 100% survival time <2 weeks incapacitation within hours
Aerospace Physiology MARYLAND. Cardiopulmonary Physiology. Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological. Respiratory Cardiovascular U N I V E R S I T Y O F
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