Village-Dantoi, District- Chamba, Tehsil-Chaurah Himachal Pradesh

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR INSTALLATION OF MATERIAL ROPEWAYS 5 NOS. ALONG FEBRUARY WITH NO. OF LONGITUDINAL ROPEWAY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF DEOTHAL CHANJU 30 MW HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT at Village-Dantoi, District- Chamba, Tehsil-Chaurah Himachal Pradesh (Reference TOR vide letter no. F. No /2017-IA.III dated ) Category- A -7(g) Cost of Project- Rs Crores Highest Elevation: 2810 MSL Being Developed by: M/s Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited Himfed Building, BCS, New Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Prepared By: M/S PERFACT ENVIRO SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. NABET Registered of accredited Consultants organization/rev 64/5 th April 2018 at S.No.-112) An ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 &OSHAS 18001:2007 certified organisation 5 th Floor, NN Mall, Mangalam Place

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENCLOSURE 1: ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT... 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION General Information PROJECT Type of Project Land Description About Project Proponent Environmental Consultants Involved In the Project Environmental Legislations Applicable To the Project General Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document For Aerial Ropeway Purpose of Study Methodology CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Location Details Site Photos Approach to site Environment Sensitivity at Site Infrastructure near Site Land Use at Site Technical Description Population Calculation & Manpower Requirement: Water& Wastewater Quantity Power Consumption Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Air Management Site Clearance and Afforestation Details MAPS or plans RELATED to the project Time Frame of the Project Cost of Project CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS TOPOGRAPHY Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 2

3 3.3 METHODOLOGY METEOROLOGY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY NOISE QUALITY WATER REGIME WATER QUALITY soil quality LAND USE FLORA AND fauna SOCIOECONOMIC SCENARIO Study Area List of villages In Study Area Demographic Profile of Study Area Work Profile of Study Area PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION Traffic density CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES Land Environment Air environment Water environment Noise & Vibration environment Solid and Hazardous waste Ecological Environment Socio Economic Environment And Occupational Health Influx of people & associated developments AND TRAFFIC INCREMENT CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OFALTERNATIVES (SITE & TECHNOLOGY) Alternative routes assessed Selected Alignment Alternative technologies assessed Proposed Ropeway System Technology CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN DETAILS OF MONITORING TO JUDGE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL MEASURES SUMMARIZED COST ON ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SUMBISSION OF SIX MONTHLY COMPLIANCES Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 3

4 ENVIRONMENT AUDIT CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES GENERAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Preventive Measures Maintenance & Management of Ropeway SPECIFIC SAFETY FeatureS FOR A Ropeway Safety Measures for Wildlife CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTMANAGEMENT PLAN Land Environment: Air Environment Water Environment Storm Water Management Noise & Vibration Environment Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Ecological Environment Socio Economic Scenario &Benefits to Economy & State Traffic Manangement Environment Management Cell Cost on Environment Management Plan CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION SUMMARY CONCLUSION CHAPTER 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENCLOSURE 2: TOR LETTER ENCLOSURE 3: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP ENCLOSURE 4: LAYOUT MAP ENCLOSURE 5: LAYOUT SECTION OF ALL ROPEWAY... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ENCLOSURE 6: ALLOTMENT OF PROJECT... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. List of Figures Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 4

5 Figure 2-1: General Location of project site Figure 2-2: Site Photos Figure 2-3: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Figure Ambient air sampling locations on 10 Km Topographical Map Figure Noise sampling locations on 10 Km Radius Topographical Map Figure 3.8-1: Water sampling locations on 10 km topographical map Figure Soil sampling locations on 10 Km Topographical Map Figure 7-1Natural Calamity Hazard Profile of India Figure 7-2Seismic Map of (Source: NDRRP) Figure 7-3Landslides map (Source-nidm) Figure 7-4Flood map of UTTARAKHAND Figure 7-5wind Hazard Map (Source- SDMA) Figure 7-6Emergency Management Cell teams outline Figure 9-1 Proposed Landuse Figure 9-2 Water balance List of Tables Table 2-1: Site Location Table 2-2: Proposed Land Distribution at Site Table 2-3 List of Plant& equipment Table 2-4:Relevant Indian standard specification Table Annual air temperature past 10 years of dalhousie Table Sampling Location for Ambient Air Quality Table Ambient air quality results of PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2 & NOX Table Sampling locations for noise quality Table Noise quality results Table Sampling locations for Water quality Table 3.8-2; Surface water quality results (Buffer Zone) Table Sampling locations for soil quality Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 5

6 Table 3.9-2;Soil quality results Table 4-1:Impact & Mitigation for Land Environment Table 4-2:Impacts & mitigation measures for Air Environment Table 4-3:IMPACTS& Mitigation measure for Water Quality Table 4-4: Impacts & Mitigation for Noise & Vibrations Table 4-5: Impacts & Mitgation for Solid & hazardous Waste Table 4-6: Impacts & Mitigation for Ecological Environment Table 4-7: Impact & Mitigation for Socio- Economic Scenario Table 4-8: Impacts on Health of workers & their mitigation Table 4-9:Impacts & mitigation for Influx of people & associated developments TABLE 6-1ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Table 7-1Hazard Analysis Table 7-2Vulnerable locations/ areas for natural hazards Table 7-3vulnerable locations of different man-made hazards Table 9-1Water Management Table 9-2Environment Management Cell Table 9-5 Capital Cost and recurring cost on EMP Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 6

7 Enclosure 1: ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 7

8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION Chamba is the headquarters of the Chamba district, bordered by Jammu and Kashmir to the north-west and west, the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir and Lahaul and Bara Banghal to the north-east and east, Kangra to the south-east and Pathankot district of Punjab to the south. It has an average elevation of 1,006 metres (3,301 ft). Chamba has several tourist attractions such as colonial architecture and the temples etc. Himachal Pradesh is endowed with about 23,000 MW of exploitable hydro potential, excluding about 750 MW in small/mini/micro hydel potential, in its five river basins. The Government of India /State Government of Himachal Pradesh has encouraged participation of state as well as private sector in its development in a big way, with renewed set of incentives for its exploitation. The state government of Himachal Pradesh has allotted 20 Hydro-electric Projects to Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. (HPPCL) with aggregate installed capacity of 3104 MW, for development under state sector. HPPCL has drawn a plan to execute these projects in a phased manner based on the infrastructure and evacuation arrangement available at these project sites. Transportation of construction material and machinery across a hill for the construction of Hydroelectric plant is a major problem that needs to be addressed. Construction of road is costly and not a feasible solution for transportation of required material due to dense forest, high altitude and difficult location thus, aerial/material ropeways is a cost and resource saving solution. 1.2 PROJECT The proposed Material Ropeway shall be developed above the Deothal-Chanju Nallah in Village- Dantoi, Tehsil-Chaura, District-Chamba, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited. The Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL) has a proposal of installing 2 Hydro Electric Projects, a) Chanju- III HEP (48MW) & b) Deothal- Chanju HEP (30 MW) in Churah Tehsil of Distt. Chamba (HP). M/s HPPCL decided to have a mechanized transportation system for transporting the construction materials to the work site. The proposed ropeway shall be used for transportation of construction material i.e. cement, steel Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 8

9 reinforcement in cut lengths, steel ribs, aggregates, steel liner etc. and the machinery / equipment i.e. welding sets, tipping trolleys, air compressor, concrete mixtures, concrete placers, air receiver tank, drilling equipment etc. in parts across the chanju nallah to Deothal-Chanju HEP 30 MW in Churah Tehsil of Distt. Chamba. The proposed system consists 5 no. of cross ropeways across the nallah and 1 longitudinal ropeways (Six Sections) connecting all the take off points of cross ropeways from road head to the trench weir along the right bank of Chanju Nallah based on Bi-cable Jig Back and Twin Track Bi cable ropeway system. Each Cross Ropeways consist of loading and unloading stations and longitudinal ropeway will connect all loading points of cross ropeways. The alignment of the project covers an area of 5.38 ha (including loading and unloading area, tower and corridor area). The pay load capacity of each ropeway lies between 2 MT- 3 MT. The area of land for the proposal under forest land. 1.3 TYPE OF PROJECT The project being an Aerial Ropeway falls under the activity 7 (g) of the EIA notification, 2006 and is a designated Project as per Schedule and falls under category A, as the terminal of all ropeways are at elevation of more than 1000 m MSL. The ropeway system proposed to be installed in this project are Bi-cable Jig Back and Twin track Bi-cable Zigback system. 1.4 LAND DESCRIPTION Total 5.38 ha forest land area will be required for the development of the ropeway which involves towers, loading & unloading area and including ropeway corridor. There are 5 cross ropeways across the chanju Nallah and 1 longitudinal Ropeway connecting all loading stations. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 9

10 Area Required: Cross ropeways: I TABLE 1.1 DETAIL OF ROPEWAY S. No Cross Ropeways Station Alignment length (in m) Elevation (m) Elevation difference (m) 1 DR1 Loading Unloading DR2 Loading Unloading DR3 Loading Unloading DR4 Loading Unloading DR5 Loading Unloading 2165 Longitudnal Ropeways II S. No Longitudinal 1 Section I Ropeways (End point of Ropeway) Station Trench Weir 2 Section II Loading DR1 3 Section III Loading DR2 4 Section IV Loading DR3 5 Section V Loading DR4 6 Section VI (Starting point of Ropeway) Alignment length (in m) Elevation (m) Loading DR Loading DR Loading DR Loading DR Loading DR Loading DR5 Road Head Elevation difference (m) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 10

11 Total area of cross ropeways and longitudinal ropeways Area covered by the alignment ha (including terminals, loading & unloading area and ropeway corridor) S. No Description Land Forest Required (in ha) 1 Ropeway Platform DR1 2 Ropeway Platform DR2 3 Ropeway Platform DR3 4 Ropeway Platform DR Ropeway Platform DR5 6 Longitudinal Ropeway Platforms 7 For Ropeway Spans 3.94 Total 5.38 Village- Dantoi Tehsil- Chaurah District- Chamba State- Himachal Pradesh There shall be cross-sectional ropeways crossing the Chanju Nallah. Chanju nallah is a left bank tributary of Baira river which in turn is a tributary of Siul River in Ravi Basin. It is a perennial nallah which originates at Kundi Mural Lake at an elevation of ± 4360 m and flows mostly in south-westerly to westerly direction before it joins Baira River. The straight path encountered most hostile terrain and steep gradient with deep and wide gorges and valleys and much more inaccessible. The existing PWD road terminates at road head near Kali Mata Temple and construction of further road is costly and not a feasible solution for transportation of required material due to dense forest, high altitude and difficult location. Thus, aerial material ropeway is proposed for the construction of HEP, 30 MW. 1.5 ABOUT PROJECT PROPONENT Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL) is a fast-upcoming power generating utility with all the Technical and Organizational capabilities at par with other generating Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 11

12 bgndepartments with professionals of proven credentials and qualified technical manpower. The head office of Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited is at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL), was incorporated in December 2006 under the Companies Act 1956, with the objective to plan, promote and organize the development of all aspects of hydroelectric power in Himachal Pradesh. 1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT M/s Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd., established by experienced environmental and related experts, provides specialized services in the field of Environment and Pollution Control for all types of Industrial, Construction, Nuclear Sciences, Bio-diversity Mining and other related fields. Our transparent and professional approach, commitment to excellent quality and service, timely deliveries have contributed to create a name in the field of environment. M/s Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is NABET Registered vide list of accredited consultant organizations/ List 1/Rev 66/ 5 th June, 2018 at S. No-114 & an ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 & OSHAS 18001:2007 Certified Organisation. We have a core group of highly qualified experts from various fields like environment, chemistry, civil engineering, geology, social sciences, electronics and telecommunication with rich and diversified experience in the field of environment and pollution control. Perfact Group management, experience, excellence, professionalism and ultimate satisfaction has helped in achieving the heights of success in their specialized field of environment. The Environmental Monitoring for air, water, soil & noise has been conducted by in-house NABL accredited laboratory namely M/s Perfact Researchers Pvt. Ltd. Team (EIA Coordinators, FAEs, AFAEs & Team Members) involved in the Project: EIA Coordinators: Mrs. Rachna Bhargava Assistant to EIA Coordinator: Ms. Astha Srivastava Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 12

13 Team: Functional Area Approved FAEs Approved FAA Other Team Members LU Manoj Pant AQ Nipun Bhargava AP Nipun Bhargava Latika Sehgal WP Praveen Bhargava EB Rajiv Kumar SE Rachna Bhargava NV Partho Mukherjee Praveen Bhargava GEO Santosh Pant Anand Singh HG Santosh Pant Anand Singh SC Praveen Bhargava Chandra Shekhar RH Nipun Bhargava SHW Praveen Bhargava Shimael Fatima 1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT In 1972, UN Conference on Human Development at Stockholm influenced the need for a welldeveloped legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensures the health and well-being of the global population. Over the years, the government of India has framed several policies and promulgated numbers of Acts, Rules and Notification aimed at management and protection of the environment. The environmental legislation aimed to ensure the development process meets the overall objective of promoting sustainable development. Following legislations are applicable to the project: The HIMACHAL PRADESH AERIAL ROPEWAYS ACT, 1968 (ACT NO.7 OF 1969), AMENDED, REPEALED OR OTHERWISE AFFECT BY, - H.P. ACT NO. 13 OF An Act to authorise, facilitate and regulate the construction a working of aerial ropeways in Himachal Pradesh. THE FOREST (CONSERVATION) ACT 1980, WITH AMENDMENTS MADE IN 1988 Under Section 2. Restrictions on the de reservation of forests or use of forest land for nonforest purpose Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 13

14 Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force in a State, no State Government or other authority shall make, except with the prior approval of the Central Government, any order directing: 1) that any reserved forest (within the meaning of the expression "reserved forest" in any law for the time being in force in that State) or any portion thereof, shall cease to be reserved; 2) that any forest land or any portion there of may be used for any non-forest purpose; 3) that any forest land or any portion there of may be assigned by way of lease or otherwise to any private person or to any authority, corporation, agency or any other organisation not owned, managed or controlled by Government; 4) that any forest land or any portion there of may be cleared of trees which have grown naturally in that land or portion, for the purpose of using it for reafforestation. THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT 1974 Under Section 25. Restrictions on New Outlets and New Discharges 1) Applicable due to discharge of waste water from the Residential Group Housing Colony. 2) Under the above-mentioned act, we shall take consent consent to establish & consent to operate of the State Pollution Control Board. THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 Under section 21. Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants. 1) Applicable due to provision of DG Sets which will be source of air emission to atmosphere. Stack shall be installed. 2) Under the above-mentioned act, we shall take consent consent to establish & consent to operate from the State Pollution Control Board. THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) CESS ACT, 1977 Under Section 3: Levy and Collection of Cess 1) There shall be levied and collected a cess for the purpose of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974) and utilization there under. 2) The cess under sub-section (1) shall be payable by Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 14

15 Every person extracting water from ground. Every person using supply water. S.O. 1357(E), [ ] - SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT RULES, 2016 As per this rule solid waste is to be segregated and disposed as per defined procedure at MSW approved site or within its own complex by using different solid waste disposal technologies. G.S.R. No. 395(E) [ ] HAZARDOUS & OTHER WASTES (MANAGEMENT & TRANSBOUNDRY MOVEMENT) RULES, ) Hazardous wastes shall be collected, treated, stored at isolated locations. 2) It will be given to authorized recyclers/ service providers only. THE NOISE POLLUTION (REGULATION AND CONTROL) RULES, ) The noise levels in any area shall not exceed the ambient noise quality standards in respect of noise as specified in the schedule. 2) The authority shall be responsible for the enforcement of noise pollution control measures and the due compliance of the ambient noise quality standards in respect of noise. E-WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 2011 & E-WASTE (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES, 2016 E-waste shall be collected and stored at isolated location. It shall be disposed through approved recycler only. CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES, 2016 The rules shall apply the proposed project will involve construction of pillars which will generates construction and demolition waste such as building materials, debris, rubble. PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016 Plastic waste, which can be recycled, shall be channelized to registered plastic waste recycler and recycling. It will be given to authorized recyclers/ service providers only. Authorization under this rule shall be taken from SPCB Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 15

16 EIA NOTIFICATION, 2006 & amendments EIA Notification, 2006 falls under EPA, 1986 under this act any project which has probable impact on the environment is listed under 34 categories, then unit are required to take prior environmental clearance after occupying/indentifying the land for particular use. The proposed project falls under Category A activity 7 (g) as per the notification issued on 14 th September 2006 by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF). 1.8 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT FOR AERIAL ROPEWAY In terms of the EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14 th September 2006, the generic structure of the EIA document is as under: 1) Introduction 2) Project Description 3) Description of the Environment 4) Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5) Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site) 6) Environmental Monitoring Plan 7) Additional Studies 8) Project Benefits 9) Environment Management Plan 10) Summary and Conclusion 11) Disclosure of Consultant Engaged 1.9 PURPOSE OF STUDY The purpose of the study is to comply with legal requirements as per Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 14 th September 2006 and subsequent amendments of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC). The project being an Aerial ropeway Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 16

17 project falls under the item 7(g) Category 'A' of EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments as the Uppermost Terminal Point is greater than elevation of 1000m above MSL. The environmental impact assessment report has been prepared for obtaining environmental clearance for the proposed activity METHODOLOGY This EIA/EMP report is based on the observations made by M/s Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. during visits to the study area and collection of primary and secondary environmental data. Literatures have also been reviewed and relevant information has been collected for environmental and social baseline. The main components of the method are: 1. Impact Identification 2. Impact Assessment 3. Impact Evaluation 4. Mitigation Measures Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 17

18 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT About the site The proposed Deothal Chanju HEP 30 MW in District Chamba of Himachal Pradesh is a run of river scheme on Deothal nallah, a left bank tributary of Chanju Nallah which in its upper reaches is called Deothal nallah. It envisages utilization of water of Deothal Nallah through a gross head of m for generation of 30 MW of power in an underground power house on the left bank of chanju nallah downstream of confluence of Deothal and Tanger Nallah. The project comprises of a trench weir across Deothal nallah just downstream of confluence of Seri Nallah with Deothal Nallah at an elevation of ±2810 m, an underground desilting tank size 130 m (L)x5m (W)x9m (H) head race tunnel ±4429 m long, comprising a forebay and a 1.40 m dia pressure shaft liner trifurcating near the power house to feed three generating units of 10 MW each to generate 30 MW of power. The project is located near village Dantoi in District Chamba of Himachal Pradesh Need of the project As the availability of Electricity is not in abundance for major portion of population therefore, the state government of Himachal Pradesh has allotted 20 Hydro-electric Projects to Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. (HPPCL) with aggregate installed capacity of 3104 MW, for development under state sector. The Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL) has a proposal of installing 2 Hydro Electric Projects, a) Chanju- III HEP (48MW) & b) Deothal- Chanju HEP (30 MW) in Churah Tehsil of Distt. Chamba (HP). M/s HPPCL decided to have a mechanized transportation system for transporting the construction materials to the work site. The ropeway shall be used for transportation of construction material i.e. cement, steel reinforcement in cut lengths, steel ribs, aggregates, steel liner etc. and the machinery / equipment i.e. welding sets, tipping trolleys, air compressor, concrete mixtures, concrete placers, air receiver tank, drilling equipment etc. for construction of Deothal-chanju HEP (30 MW). Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 18

19 The paths in the project area encountered most hostile terrain with steep gradient with deep and wide gorges and valleys much more inaccessible. Presently access to the proposed plant area of Hydro Electric Plant(HEP) is not available for the transportation. The existing HPPWD road on the right bank of Nallah terminates in the downstream of the project and extension of which is not feasible due to dense forest and tough terrain. Also, due to dense forest on the left bank hills, the possibility of construction of and project road has been ruled out. Due to high altitude and difficult location, aerial /material ropeways systems are needed to be installed. The objective of HPPCL is to use the ropeways for transportation of construction materials from road head to the work sites on the left bank of the Nallah. Therefore, 05 no. material ropeways across the Nallah and longitudinal ropeways (Six Sections) connecting all the takeoff points of cross ropeways from road head to the trench weir along the right bank of Nallah have been proposed to Deothal- Chanju HEP (30 MW) for transportation of construction material Initiative by Government The State Government of Himachal Pradesh has allotted 20 Projects to Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. (HPPCL) with aggregate installed capacity of 3104 MW, for development under state sector. HPPCL has drawn a plan to execute these projects in a phased manner based on the infrastructure and evacuation arrangement available at these project sites. These projects are to be funded by Government of India to the extent of 90% of the project cost and 10% will be paid by the other beneficiary states. Deothal Chanju HEP project is one of the 10 projects, which require ropeway for material transferring above the chanju nallah Brief Description The ropeway having 5 no. of ropeways across the Nallah and longitudinal ropeways (Six Sections) connecting all the takeoff points (Loading terminals) of cross ropeways from road head to the trench weir along the right bank of Nallah have been proposed covering an area of 5.38 ha (including terminal, loading & unloading areas and ropeway corridor). The land for proposed Material Ropeway falls under forest Land which needs to be diverted for construction of ropeway. Proposed material ropeways will help in saving many trees which would have been felled in case of road construction. As the area is hilly and the construction of the road is not feasible. Hence this ropeway system is proposed to negotiate this tough reach in a comfortable & Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 19

20 environment friendly way. Material shall be brought till road head near kali mata temple as the road terminates there by trucks through existing PWD road. i) Cross Ropeways: Ropeway DR1, DR2, DR3 & DR4- Max Payload 2 MT Ropeway DR5- Max Payload 3 MT Latitude and longitude of all two terminal stations are given in table 2-2: TABLE 2-1: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF PROJECT SITE S. No Cross Ropeways Station Northing (M) (latitude) Easting (M) (Longitude) Alignment length 1 DR1 Loading Ropeway Technology Payload Capacity Elevation Unloading Bi-Cable Jig DR3 Loading Back 2MT 2550 (m) 2MT 2722 Unloading DR2 Loading MT 2620 Unloading DR4 Loading MT 2434 Unloading DR5 Loading Twin track 3MT 2403 Unloading Bi cable- Jigback 2165 ii) Longitudinal Ropeways: Ropeway Section I to Section V- Max Payload 2 MT Ropeway Section VI- Max Payload 3 MT S. No Longitudinal Ropeways Station 1 Section I Trench Weir Loading DR1 2 Section II Loading DR1 Northing (M) (latitude) Easting (M) (Longitude) Alignment length (in m) Ropeway Technology Payload Capacity Elevation (m) 2MT MT 2722 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 20

21 Loading DR2 3 Section III Loading DR2 Loading DR3 4 Section IV Loading DR3 Loading DR4 5 Section V Loading DR4 Loading DR5 6 Section VI Loading DR5 Road Head Bi-Cable Jig 2MT Back MT MT Twin track 3MT Bi cable Jigback Benefit of the project This ropeway is proposed by M/s HPPCL decided to have a mechanized transportation system for transporting the construction materials to the work site of Hydroelectric power plant above the Churah Nallah. The ropeway shall be used for transportation of construction material i.e. cement, steel reinforcement in cut lengths, steel ribs, aggregates, steel liner etc. and the machinery / equipment i.e. welding sets, tipping trolleys, air compressor, concrete mixtures, concrete placers, air receiver tank, drilling equipment etc. in parts. The other benefits are described in detail in Chapter LOCATION DETAILS The site location details are given in Table 2-1 & the location map is shown in Fig. 2-1 and 2-2. TABLE 2-1: SITE LOCATION Village Dhantoi Tehsil & District Tehsil-Chaurah & District-Chamba State Himachal Pradesh Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 21

22 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 22

23 FIGURE 2-1: GENERAL LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 23

24 2.3 SITE PHOTOS Photograph showing construction site of HEP 30 MW Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 24

25 Photograph Showing Kali Mata Mandir Photograph showing Existing PWD Road Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 25

26 Photograph showing area of cross-sectional ropeways 2.4 APPROACH TO SITE Figure 2-2: Site Photos The project area is approachable by Chamba district head quarter through all weathermetalled road up to Nakror which is at a distance of about 58 km from chamba on chamba Tissa state highway. From Nakror the project site is connected through Nakror-Bhagaigarh-Chanju-Dantoi road up to Dantoi. Dantoi is the last village in chanju nallah basin. The site is approachable through existing HPPWD road on the right bank of Nallah till road head near Kali Mata temple. Connectivity: Airport: Railway Station: Road: Kangra Airport: Km, SW Talara Railway Station Km SW Pathankot-Chamba Tissa Road Km NW 2.5 ENVIRONMENT SENSITIVITY AT SITE Following are the nearest sensitive areas which exist around the project site. 10 km Topographical map showing the environmental sensitive areas is shown at Figure 2-3. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 26

27 Chanju Nala Kamli Nala Baswed Nala Tanger Nala Deothal Nala Chenab River Forest Jured Reserve Forest Jured PF Khartab PF Bhulane PF Bhatowa PF Chhurku PF Khander PF Kussan PF Nakai PF Diyothal Dalatu PF Nichla Supeka PF Jammu Kalwali RF Ganj PF Kamli PF Kamli PF Choha PF Chhaned PF Bhujund PF Dramman PF Galond PF Pukhrotu PF Topi RF Supeka RF Ghatot PF Akhoru PF Dhar PF Jalot PF Tretana PF Badua PF Ain Pukhri PF Ran Bag PF Ghorchhan PF Luhani PF Gandera PF Sundari PF Sundari RF Chhatri PF Project is located above the Chanju Nala 3.62 Km N 2.07 Km NW 2.80 Km E 2.72 Km E Km NE 1.95 Km N 3.22 Km NE 4.50 Km NE 5.84 Km N 6.38 Km NW 8.58 Km NNW 9.28 Km NW 6.82 Km NW 6.47 Km NE 1.69 Km SE 9.51 Km SSE 1.17 Km NW 8.34 Km NE 7.09 Km NE 7.61 Km NE 9.45 Km NE 9.43 Km NE 8.61 Km NE 8.32 Km S 7.28 Km S 8.50 Km SSW 1.48 Km SW Km SSW 8.21 Km SW 9.44 Km SW 8.85 Km SW 7.43 Km W 3.56 Km SWW 8.82 Km SW 6.95 Km SW 7.35 Km SW 6.15 Km SW 9.95 Km SW 9.77 Km SW 4.25 Km SW 2.60 Km W 6.54 Km SW Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 27

28 Bathal PF Kyara PF Mairundi PF Sumun PF Udang PF Baswed RF Chamar Chuna RF Jala PF Khajriala RF Lindi RF Kansar PF Doari PF Sera PF Bhalala PF Gadyog PF Tundara PF Ali PF Khander PF Kussan PF 7.94 Km SW 7.87 Km SW 9.41 Km SWW 9.94 Km SWW 6.71 Km SW 2.07 Km NW 3.50 Km NW 5.96 Km NW 7.74 Km NW 8.10 Km NWW 7.55 Km W 2.14 Km NW 5.95 Km NW 7.71 Km NW 9.32 Km NW 5.15 Km NW 6.45 Km NW 3.50 Km NW 6.82 Km NW Figure 2-3: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 28

29 2.6 INFRASTRUCTURE NEAR SITE Existing Infrastructure At Villages Approach Road: - PWD Road is available Accomodation, Shops &Other Facilities: - There are residential buildings, shops, cloth shop, General store, Primary school & Dispencary Sanitary Facility: - Poor conditioned sanitary facilities are available. Water Supply: - The main source of water in the area is Spring water. No water treatment facilities are available. The sewage system is through open drains and is disposed-off in the natural streams. Source of water in the project site will be Chanju Nallah Proposed Infrastructure Ropeway Tower & Terminal Station (loading & unloading station, DG room) Drinking water arrangement shall be made from chanju nallah (spring water). 2.7 LAND USE AT SITE Proposed Land use Project area involves total 53,800 sqm (5.38 ha.) of area which will be required for the construction of loading & unloading station, line towers & the ropeway corridor. Proposed Landuse at site is given in Table 2-3. TABLE 2-2: PROPOSED LAND DISTRIBUTION AT SITE Area required for Area (ha) Type of Land Ropeway Platform (i) (Cross ropeways & 1.44 ha Forest land Longitudinal Ropeways) Ropeway Span (ii) 3.94 ha Forest land Total (i+ii) 5.38 ha Forest land Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 29

30 Land Use 27% Ropeway Platform (i) Ropeway Span (ii) 73% Figure 2-4: Land Use 2.8 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION The ropeway system proposed to be installed in this project are Bi-Cable JigJack System and Twin track Bi-cable Jigjack system a. Continuously Moving Bi-Cable Ropeway with Detachable Grip: In bicable system, there is tensioned stationery Track Ropes both on Load and empty side and a second endless rope attached to each carrier. The carriers are suspended from the Track Ropes at intervals which carry their weight. The Haul Rope is firmly attached to the carrier and when driven, move the carriers from one point to the other. The Bicable system, because of special locked coil type Track Ropes and more complicated carriages are always more expensive than a Monocable System. This type of ropeway can go up to a speed of 10 mps on track rope and 7.5 mps over line supports i.e. saddles on line trestles as when the cabin reaches station, it detaches itself from the continuously moving hauling rope and moves on fixed structure and the cabin speed is reduced to crawling speed. This type is very costly and requires maximum mechanicals in stations. With this type system longer unsupported span is possible. b. Double Track Bicable System: In double track bicable system, there is tensioned stationery 2 (two) Track Ropes both on Load and empty side and a second endless rope attached to each carrier. The carriers are suspended from the Track Ropes at intervals which carry their weight. The Haul Rope is firmly attached to the carrier and when driven, move the carriers from one point to the other. The Double Track Bicable System, because of numbers of special locked coil type Track Ropes and more Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 30

31 complicated carriages are always more expensive than a Monocable and a Bicable System. Technical Details of the ropeway are given below: TABLE 2-4: ALTERNATIVE I: ROPEWAYS FOR DEOTHAL CHANJU HEP (30 MW) DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4 DR5 a. Type of Ropeway Bi Cable Jig Back Twin track Bi Cable Jig Back b. No. of Drive Station c. No. of Stations d. Operation 8 hrs/ day e. Material to be CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL, MACHINERY BUTTERFLY transported VALVE, PENSTOCK f. No. of sections g. Horizontal Length (M) (approx) h. Difference in Level between stations (M) (approx) i. Transport Capacity 2T 2T 2T 2T 3 T j. Bucket Payload (T) 2T 2T 2T 2T 3 T k. Line Speed (M/ Sec) 2.0 l. Bucket travel time (Min) approx. m. Track Rope Size (MM) n. Haulage Rope Size (MM) o. Motor rating (KW) p. Total Number of Buckets q. Gauge of the Line (M) r. Number to Towers NIL / TRD s. Tower Construction Lattice Lattice Lattice Lattice NIL Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 31

32 TABLE 2-5: ALTERNATIVE I: ROPEWAYS FOR DEOTHAL CHANJU HEP (30 MW) CONNECTING ALL THE TAKE OFF POINTS UP TO TRENCH WEIR (RIGHT BANK OF RIVER) Sec I Sec II Sec III Sec IV Sec -V Sec VI From To From To From To From To From To From To Station locations Trench DR1 DR1 DR2 DR2 DR3 DR3 DR4 DR4 DR5 Road DR5 wire head a. Type of Bi Cable Jig Back Twin Track Bi Ropeway Cable Jig Back b. No. of Drive Station c. No. of Stations d. Operation 8 hrs/ day e. Material to be CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL, Machinery, Butterfly valve transported and pen stock f. No. of sections g. Horizontal Length (M) (approx) h. Difference in Level between stations (M) (approx) i. Transport 2.0 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 3.0 T Capacity j. Bucket 2.0 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 3.0 T Payload (T) k. Line Speed 2.0 (M/ Sec) l. Bucket travel time (Min)approx. m. Track Rope Size (MM) n. Haulage Rope Size (MM) o. Motor rating (KW) p. Total Number Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 32

33 of Buckets q. Gauge of the Line (M) r. Number to Towers / TRD s. Tower Lattice Lattice Lattice Lattice Lattice Lattice Construction TABLE 2-5: ALTERNATIVE I: LONGITUDNAL ROPEWAYS FOR DEOTHAL CHANJU HEP (30 MW) List of Plant & Equipment and Specification List of Plant & Equipment: The list of Plant & Equipment for smooth and trouble-free operation of the plant are given in Table 2-4. TABLE 2-3 LIST OF PLANT& EQUIPMENT Main Driving Mechanism comprising of Drive Sheave, Open Gear and Pinion, worm or 1 helical gear, shafting, couplings, service and emergency brakes. 2 Wire Rope 3 Wire rope support towers if required. 4 Rope Tensioning Arrangement comprising of Sheaves and Tension Tower, Turn buckle etc. Station Mechanicals comprising of Rope Guide / deflection sheaves, Bucket / trolley guide, 5 etc. Line mechanicals comprising of Line Sheaves, Articulated Sheave Mounts, supporting 6 pedestal / Bracket, Rope Catcher etc. as required. 7 Buckets/ Trolleys complete with carriage and hanger. Power supply and electrical system comprising of AC motors, frequency controller, MCC, 8 Switches, Power and Control Cables. 9 Safety devices as described in later Chapter. Telecommunication and signaling items comprising of telephones, wires, siren / 10 hooter, glow lamp, etc. 11 Diesel generator sets for emergency power supply Specifications & Guidelines Following specifications will be complied. TABLE 2-4:RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFICATION IS: 210 Grey Iron Casting IS: 226 Structural Steel (Standard Quality) IS: 269 Ordinary and low heat Portland cement IS: 277 Galvanized steel sheets (Plain and corrugated) IS: 325 Three- phase induction motor IS: 383 Coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete IS: 432 Mild Steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 33

34 (Part- I) drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement IS: 456 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS: 516 Methods of test for strength of concrete IS: 692 Paper insulted lead- sheathed cables for electric Supply IS: 800 Code of Practice for use of structural steel in general building condition IS: 802 Code of Practice for use of structural steel in overhead transmission line towers IS: 802 Code of Practice for use of steel tubes in general building construction. IS: 808 Rolled steel beams, channels and angle sections IS: 813 Scheme of symbols for welding IS: 814 Covered electrodes for metal arc welding of structural steel IS: 815 Classification and coding of covered electrodes for metal arc welding of mild steel and low alloy high tensile steel IS: 816 Code of Practice for use of metal arc welding for general construction of mile steel IS: 817 Code of Practice for training and testing metal arc welders IS: 818 Code of Practice for safety and health requirement in electric and gas welding and cutting operation IS:822 Code of practice for inspection of welds IS: 919 Recommendations for limits and fits for Engineering IS:961 Structural steel (High Tensile) IS:1030 Carbon steel castings IS:1038 Steel doors, windows and ventilators IS :1077 Common burnt clay building bricks IS: 1139 Hot rolled mild steel, medium tensile steel and high vield strength steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement IS :1148 Rivet bars for structural purposes IS :1149 High tensile rivet bars for structural purposes IS :1161 Steel Tubes for structural purposes IS :1199 Method of sampling and analysis of concrete IS :1200 Method for measurement of steelwork and ironwork IS :1239 Mild steel tubes IS :1363 Black hexagon bolts, nuts and lock nuts (Dia 6 to 30 mm) and black hexagon screws (Dia 6 to 24 mm) IS :1369 Precision and semi-precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts, and locknuts (Dia range 6 to 39 mm) IS :1367 : Technical supply conditions for treaded fasteners IS :1442 : Covered electrodes for the metal arc welding of high tensile structural steel IS :1489 Portland- pozzolana Cement IS :1554 : PVC insulted cables for working voltages from (Part-I) 3.3KV up to and including 11KV IS :1566 Hard- drawn steel wire fabric for concrete reinforcement IS :1608 Method for tensile testing of steel products other than steel strip, wire and tube IS :1730 Dimension for steel plate, sheet and strip for structural and general engineering purpose IS :1731 Dimensions for steel flats for structural and general engineering purpose IS :1786 Cold-worked steel high strength deformed bars for concrete reinforcement IS :1804 Fibre cores for steel wire ropes IS :1852 Rolling and cutting tolerances for hot-rolled steel products IS :1977 Structural Steel (Ordinary Quality) St-42-0 IS :2026 Power transformers IS :2062 Structural Steel (fusion welding quality) IS :2074 Ready mixed paints, red oxide zinc chromate priming IS :2250 Code of Practice for preparation and tools and masonry mortars Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 34

35 IS :2315 Thindles for wire ropes IS :2363 Glossary of terms relating to wire ropes IS :2516 Circuit Breakers IS :2959 Contractors for voltages not exceeding 1000 A.C. or 1200 D.C. IS :3757 High Tensile Friction Grip Bolts IS :3937 Recommendations for socketing of wire ropes IS :3975 Mines steel wires, strips and tapes for armoring of cables IS :4000 High strength bolts in steel structure IS :5831 PVC insulation and sheath of electric cables IS :7098 (Part II) Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables IS :7215 Tolerances for fabrication of steel structures IS :8130 Conductors for insulated electric cables and flexible cords IS :9413 Rope guide Rollers for Haulage Rope IS :9595 Recommendations for metal arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels IS :9706 Aerial Ropeways for transportation of material code of practice for design & construction IS :10891 Steel wire ropes for Aerial Ropeways 2.9 POPULATION CALCULATION & MANPOWER REQUIREMENT: Population Calculation: No of Cross Sectional Ropeways: 5 & No. of Longitudinal Ropeway: 1 (Six Sections) Operational hours in a day: 8 hour/day Total no. of Workers: 60 No. of staff: Manpower Requirement: During construction phase, approx. 60 labours shall be employed. The un-skilled labor can be procured from the local villages / towns providing employment opportunities to the local population. During the operational phase, about 10 persons would be required for technical and administrative functions WATER& WASTEWATER QUANTITY Water Requirement During Construction Phase- 5 KLD of water will be required during construction phase for domestic, flushing, sprinkling & other construction purposes. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 35

36 During Operation Phase- Total water requirement has been estimated to be 5 KLD mainly for flushing, domestic and miscellaneous purposes. Water will be sourced from Chanju Nallah Water (Spring Water) Wastewater generation During Construction Phase- 3 KLD of waste water will be generated from labors which shall be discharged to septic tank followed by soak pit. During Operation Phase- Total quantity of wastewater generation will be 3.8 KLD which will be disposed off in septic tanks via soak pit. Wastewater management has been given in Section POWER CONSUMPTION During Construction Phase- DG sets of 7x35 KVA, 2x40 KVA, 2x30 KVA & 2x50 KVA shall be used at site for the construction work at the terminals. During Operational Phase- Power requirement during operation phase will be 500 KW which will be sourced by DG sets as there is no other source of power at the selected locations. Thus, DG sets installed during construction phase will remain in use during operational phase i.e. 7x35 KVA, 2x40 KVA, 2x30 KVA & 2x50 KVA SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT During Construction phase- Site clearance waste, spent concrete & cement screening, material and equipment wrappings, excavated soil, etc. will be generated. Total 9 kg/ day of waste will be generated from labors which will be treated by vermi-composting and recyclable waste will be given to approved vendors. During operation phase- Total 8 Kg/day of Bio-degradable waste and 3 kg/day of recyclable waste will be generated from the employee and labours. The organic waste will be sent to nearby municipal site. The Recyclable Waste Collected and given to approved recycler. Used oil generated from the DG sets will be sent to authorize hazardous waste disposal authority. The management of solid & hazardous waste is given in Chapter- 9. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 36

37 2.13 AIR MANAGEMENT During Construction phase- Construction activities will be mainly done at terminal stations, so dust emissions will be minimal & in limited areas and dust generation will be minimized by regular water sprinkling. During operation phase- Ropeway operation is an environment friendly non-polluting transport system; the main source of pollution will be the ropeway machineries and DG sets. 7x35 KVA, 2x40 KVA, 2x30 KVA & 2x50 KVA of DG sets are proposed for power supply for which proper stack height shall be provided as per CPCB norms. As there is no source of power supply thus DG sets will be used for power supply SITE CLEARANCE AND AFFORESTATION DETAILS During Construction phase- The alignment falls within a Forest land which needs to be diverted for development of loading and unloading area. An area of 53,800 sqm (5.38 ha.) of forest land will be diverted and 493 trees will be required to cut for construction of ropeway terminals for which compensatory afforestation will be done as per the norms. During operation phase- In lieu of trees which will be cut during construction phase, compensatory afforestation in the ratio of 1:10 will be done in the nearby area to the extent possible. Management of the Ecological Environment is given in Section 9.7 (Environment Management Plan) MAPS OR PLANS RELATED TO THE PROJECT Topographical Map (1:50000 Scale) showing 10 km Radius of the project site is given as Enclosure- 8. Layout Plan & Survey Plan of the ropeway is attached as Enclosure- 7. Landuse Map of the site is attached as Enclosure TIME FRAME OF THE PROJECT The project shall be put to tenders after receipt of the clearances. The completion time of the project shall be 6 months COST OF PROJECT The cost of project is estimated to be about Rs Crores. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 37

38 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS EIA report contains a description of existing environment that would be or might be affected directly or indirectly by proposed project. Environmental baseline monitoring is a very important stage of EIA. Environmental baseline monitoring, during the operational phase, helps in judging the success of mitigation measures in protecting the environment. Environmental facets that ar considered in relation to Construction of Installation of Material Ropeway 5 nos. for the construction of Deothal Chanju 30 MW can be categorized into following groups: a) Topography b) Ambient air quality c) Noise quality d) Water quality e) Soil quality f) Land use g) Biological Environment h) Socio-economic status The intention of environmental baseline monitoring is not just to describe all baseline conditions but to focus the collection and description of baseline data on those environmental conditions that are important and are likely to be affected by the proposed project activities and is included in impact assessments. The project will be Installation of Material Ropeway 5 nos. for the construction of Deothal Chanju 30 MW located at Village- Dantoi, Tehsil-Churah, District- Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. At present baseline of the area is discussed in this chapter. As the terrain of the path is very difficult thus, the locations of sampling have been decided on the basis of the area that can be approached easily. 3.2 TOPOGRAPHY The project area constitutes a part of the Chamba Valley and is characterized by rugged topography comprising high ranges, deep valleys, escarpments and cliff faces. The area Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 38

39 constitutes a part of great Himalayan ranges; older folded cover sequence and crystalline complex overprinted by Himalayan fold thrust movement. The Valleys in the area are narrow and deep with steep slopes. The terrain is highly rugged marked with steep slopes. The territory is wholly mountainous with altitude ranging from 2,000 to 21,000 feet. The highest point in this hilly area is 5215 mrl almost on the Northern periphery of buffer zone. The lowest point of buffer zone is 1605 mrl situated in western part. Drainage The town of chamba is located at the junction of Ravi River and its tributary, the sal River, with the Shah Madar hill forming the backdrop on its eastern side. The Ravi flows in east-west direction forming deep canyons. The main drainage of the area is Bara Nala and its tributary viz Chanju nala & Deothal nala. 3.3 METHODOLOGY For the present study, all the sampling locations are marked with the help of topographical maps. The land use/ land cover map has been generated on 1:50,000 scale using Satellite imagery, topographical maps, Survey of India and ground truth information. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed during Winter Season (December 2017 to February 2018). Meteorological data of IMD station at Dalhousie has been used for the study. Samples of air, water and soil from the site and nearby areas has been collected and analysed for the study of existing condition. Primary and secondary data collection has been done by the Ecology and Biodiversity team for the study of flora and fauna in the core and Buffer Zone. The baseline data is generated through field study within the impact zone for various components of the environment viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land, Ecology and Socioeconomic. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed during Summer Season (December 2017 to February 2018) in a study area of 10 Km radius distance from the project site. While generating the baseline status of physical and biological environment of the study area, the concept of impact zone has been considered. The impact zone selection is based on preliminary screening and modelling studies. The methodology for various environmental facets are as follows: I. Ambient Air Quality: The ambient air quality monitoring was done to assess the ambient air quality in one season. Monitoring was carried out in the Winter Season (December 2017 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 39

40 to February 2018). The guidelines for selections of ambient air monitoring stations given in IS 5182 parts 14, 2000 were followed. II. Water Quality: To assess the water quality of the proposed area, sampling was done as per the standard practice. Grab, integrated and composite sampling was done for ground and surface water. Water samples were taken as per the Standard Methods (IS & APHA, 22 nd Edition 2012). Necessary precautions were taken for preservation of samples. The physical parameters viz. ph, temperature and conductivity were measured at site using portable water analyzer. III. Ambient Noise Quality: At each station noise level was monitored for 24-hours simultaneously. For each measurement, db (A) readings was taken for every 15 minutes for 24 hrs ones in a season to get Leq values. IV. Soil Quality: For soil, augur method was used and samples were collected at 15 cm depth after removing the upper crust. V. Land Use: The land use/ land cover map has been generated on 1:50,000 scale using Satellite imagery, topographical maps, Survey of India and ground truth information. VI. Biological Environment: Primary and secondary data collection has been done by the Ecology and Biodiversity team for the study of flora and fauna in the core and Buffer Zone. VII. Socio Economic Environment: For demography and socioeconomics, block wise data has been collected and used for the assessment of impacts. VIII. Micro-Meteorological Data: Site specific Micro-Meteorological Data has been used for the study. The important parameters considered are temperature, humidity & wind speed. 3.4 METEOROLOGY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS The Important parameters considered are temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Wind Direction and Rainfall. The meteorological data from Indian Meteorological Station was processed for the nearest IMD station at Dalhousie which has been utilized for the study. The extract of Maximum, Minimum values (month wise) of above said parameters from IMD, Dalhousie ( ) are given Below in the tables: Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 40

41 (i) Temperature: The Maximum temperature of the area was recorded as 35.5 C in the month of June and Minimum temperature of the area was recorded as -8.6 C in the month of January. S.No. Month Maximum Temperature ( C) Minimum Temperature ( C) 1 January February March April May June July August September October November December (ii) Relative Humidity TABLE ANNUAL AIR TEMPERATURE PAST 10 YEARS OF DALHOUSIE The relative humidity was recorded in between 48 to 86%. (iii) Rainfall The annual rainfall of Dalhousie is mm. The annual variation in the rainfall recorded from past 16 years is given in below table. S. No. Month Rainfall in mm. (monthly total) 1 January February March April May June July August September October November December 41.2 TABLE RAINFALL PAST 10 YEARS OF DALHOUSIE (Source: Climatological Table of India, Dalhousie, ) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 41

42 3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The ambient air quality monitoring was done to assess the ambient air quality. Monitoring was carried out at six stations for the month of December-2017 to February The guidelines for selections of ambient air monitoring stations given in IS 5182 parts 14, 2000 were followed. These guidelines state that, when the objective of air sampling is to identify the contribution from specific sources of pollution, the sampling locations should be in upwind and the downwind of such sources. The location of air quality monitoring stations should satisfy the following conditions: 1. The site should be representative of the area selected; 2. The station should be set up and operated so as to yield data that can be compared with those from stations within the network; and, 3. Certain physical requirements should be satisfied at the site Sampling Stations To select the air sampling locations, meteorological data with respect to temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction plays a vital role. Predominant wind direction plays an important role in determining location of monitoring stations. The monitoring station will be located in area that is Upwind and Downwind from the source. Location of Air sampling stations is shown below: Station No. TABLE SAMPLING LOCATION FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Location Project area / study area Environmental Sitting A1 Jakhla Village Residential area A2 Sumara Village Residential area A3 Dehra Village Residential area A4 Kunda Village Residential area A5 Kalparhi Village Residential area A6 Dantuee Village Residential area Air Sampling Existing Ambient air quality. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 42

43 FIGURE AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING LOCATIONS ON 10 KM TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Sampling Procedure Time averaged in situ sampling was adopted by passing a known volume of air through a trap, and a collecting medium (filter paper and bubbler). Respirable Dust Sampler was used for the purpose. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 43

44 This procedure was adopted because there are no short-term variations and low concentration of gaseous pollutants was expected. Analytical methods followed for ambient air quality monitoring: I. Particulate Matter (PM2.5): (USEPA Quality Assurance Hand Book (Vol.II) Part II, Quality Assurance Guideline Document,2.12): Particulate Matter (PM2.5) was analyzed by Gravimetric Method. Particulate matter was collected on the 37 mm dia glass micro fiber Filter Paper. PM2.5 value is determined from the values of volume of air passes through Ambient Fine Dust Sampler. II. Particulate Matter (PM10) (IS:5182 Part 23:2006): Particulate Matter (PM10) was carried out by Respirable Dust sampler as per IS: 5182(Part 23):2006. Particulate matter was collected on the GF/A Filter Paper. Particles with aerodynamics diameter less than the cut-point of the inlet are collected by the filter. The mass of these particles is determined by the difference in filter weight prior to and after sampling. III. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (IS: 5182; Part II 2001): Sulphur dioxide is absorbed by aspirating a measured air sample through a solution of Potassium or sodium tetrachloromercurate, TCM. This procedure results in the formation of a dichloro sulphite mercurate complex. The Sulphite Ion produced during sampling is reacted with sulphamic acid, formaldehyde and pararosaniline to form an azo dye and then determined colorimetricaly. IV. Nitrogen Oxides (IS: 5182; Part VI 2006): Nitrogen dioxide is collected by bubbling air through a sodium hydroxide- sodium arsenite solution to form a stable solution of sodium Nitrite. The Nitrite Ion Produced during sampling is reacted with hydrogen peroxide, Sulphanilamide and NEDA to form an azodye and then determined calorimetrically. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 44

45 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS At each station, Ambient air quality was monitored twice a week for 3 months (December February, 2018) 24 hourly at uniform intervals. TABLE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS OF PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2 & NOX Locatio n Min. Max. 98 Percenti le Mean Min. Max. 98 Percenti le PM 2.5 (Standard 60 µg/m 3 ) PM 10(Standard 100 µg/m 3 ) Mean A A A A A A Loca tion Min. Max. (Source of Standards: G.S.R 826(E) dated 16 th November 2009 of MoEF, Laboratory engaged: M/s Perfact Researchers Pvt.Ltd. (NABL Accredited) Data Interpretation 98 Perc entil e Mean Min. Max. 98 Perc entil e The ambient air quality results are summarized in above tables. The results are discussed below: A1: Jakhla Village, the mean value of SO2(2.1 µg/m3), NOX (5.2 µg/m3), PM10 (31.8 µg/m3) & PM2.5 (17.1 µg/m3) are within the limits of National ambient air quality standards. A2: Sumara Village, the mean value of SO2(2.3 µg/m3), NOX (5.9 µg/m3), PM10 (34.3 µg/m3) & PM2.5 (19.3 µg/m3) are within the limits of National ambient air quality standards. Mean SO2(Standard 80 µg/m 3 ) NOx (Standard 80 µg/m 3 ) A A A A A A Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 45

46 A3: Dehra Village, the mean value of SO2(2.6 µg/m3), NOX (6.6 µg/m3), PM10 (37.0 µg/m3) & PM2.5 (21.6 µg/m3) are within the limits of National ambient air quality standards. A4: Kunda Village, the mean value of SO2(2.9 µg/m3), NOX (7.3 µg/m3), PM10 (39.8 µg/m3) & PM2.5 (24.1 µg/m3) are within the limits of National ambient air quality standards. A5: Kalparhi Village, the mean value of SO2(3.9 µg/m3), NOX (9.8 µg/m3), PM10 (48.6 µg/m3) & PM2.5 (32.3 µg/m3) are within the limits of National ambient air quality standards. A6: Dantoi Village, the mean value of SO2(3.2 µg/m3), NOX (8.1 µg/m3), PM10 (42.6 µg/m3) & PM2.5 (26.7 µg/m3) are within the limits of National ambient air quality standards 3.6 NOISE QUALITY Noise Measurement Locations: To assess the noise level of the proposed area, following stations were selected. Location of Noise sampling stations are described below and location are given below Sampling Stations TABLE SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR NOISE QUALITY Station Location Project area / study area Environmental No. Significance N1 Jakhla Village Residential Area N2 Sumara Village Residential Area N3 Dehra Village Residential Area N4 Kunda Village Residential Area N5 Kalparhi Village Residential Area N6 Dantuee Village Residential Area N7 PWD Road Commercial Area Existing quality Noise Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 46

47 LOCATIONS OF NOISE SAMPLING: FIGURE NOISE SAMPLING LOCATIONS ON 10 KM RADIUS TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 47

48 Methodology At each station noise level was monitored for 24-hours simultaneously. For each measurement, db (A) readings was taken for every 15 minutes for 24 hrs ones in a season to get Leq values. Noise Quality Results TABLE NOISE QUALITY RESULTS S. No. Locations Category Leq Day Leq Night Day time Night time noise level noise level (6.00 A.M to (10.00 P.M db(a) db(a) P.M) to 6.00 A.M) Standard Standard (Leq in (Leq in db(a) db(a) N1 Jakhla Village Residential N2 Sumara Village Residential N3 Dehra Village Residential N4 Kunda Village Residential N5 Kalparhi Village Residential N6 Dantuee Village Residential N7 PWD Road Commercial (Source of Standards: CPCB standards for Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, Laboratory:M/s Perfact Researchers Pvt. Ltd (NABL Accredited) Data Interpretation: Results are summarized in above Table. The ambient noise level was observed to be in range of 48.2 db (A) db (A) which is within the standard of Residential area are ~ 55 db (A). During night, the noise at buffer zone was observed to be in range of 44.1 db (A) db (A) which is slighter higher than the night-time noise standards of 45.0 db (A) due to the nearby village and vehicular activities at roads and due to high speed of wind at high altitude. The noise of Approach Road (PWD Road) is 58.4 db(a), which is within the standard of commercial area are ~ 65.0 db(a), During night the noise level is 54.5 db(a) respectively which is within the standard limits of commercial area ~ 55.0 db(a). Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 48

49 3.7 WATER REGIME Geology Chamba district presents an intricate mosaic of mountain ranges, hills and valleys. It is primarily a hilly district with altitudes ranging from 600 m amsl to 6400 m amsl. Physiographically the area forms part of middle Himalayas with high peaks ranging in height from 3000 to 6000 m amsl. It is a region of complex folding, which has under gone many orogeneses. The topography of the area is rugged with high mountains and deep dissected by river Ravi and its tributaries. The rock formations occupying the district range from pre-cambrian to quaternary period. The generalized geological succession in the district is given below. Age Formation Lithology Pleistocene Upper Siwaliks Boulder conglomerate, Sandstone Pliocene Middle Siwaliks Sandstone, gravel beds, clays etc. Miocene Lower Siwaliks Shales, Hard Sandstone etc. Triassic Kalhel formation Light and dark grey limestone with banks of phyllite and slate Permian Salooni formation Inter bedded phyllite, light and dark grey limestone, phyllite, black carbonaceous slate with schistose quartzite and chert band Carboniferous Manzir formation Pebbly phyllite, grey green slate with limestone Lower to Middle Paleozoic Dalhousie/ formation Dhauladhar Granite and granite gneiss Lower Paleozoic Chamba formation Meta siltstones, greywackes, slates and phyllites. Physiographically the district can be divided in to two units-viz. a) High hills, ehich cover almost entire district. b) Few valleys fill. Three types of soils observed in the district are: a) Sandy Loam b) Loam c) Sandy Clay loam Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 49

50 3.7.2 Hydrology Most part of the area is underlain by hard rock formation ranging in age from Paleozoic to Triassic. These older rocks are devoid of any primary porosity. Ground water movement in these rocks takes place through joints, fractures and other structural features like schistose plane etc. In the younger rocks of Tertiary age and in terrace deposits along the major rivers and khads, pore spaces between sand gravel and tallus material also form the avenues for ground water movement. Ground water generally occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. State Irrigation and Public Health Department has drilled hand pumps fitted with the motors somewhere. The average depth of these hand pumps varies from to m bgl. Average depth to water level varies from 10 m bgl to 30 mbgl with variable discharges ranging from.25 to.75 lps. Water table follows the topography and the formations encountered are localized valley fill deposits consisting of sand, gravels, pebbles & cobbles. Groundwater Development The district being hilly & mountainous, traditional sources of ground water mainly springs has played a major role since past in providing assured irrigation and water supply. These include the nallas, springs. In some of the areas, at present too these are the only sources of water for the settlements. However modern means for tapping the ground water have been employed in recent years. During the last years, Irrigation and Public Health Department has constructed number of small depth wells fitted with handpumps in these areas. High hill ranges occupy more than 95 % of the area of the district. During the very past years, the traditional ground water source has served the settlements. Ground water development on small scale is seen in the valleys areas particularly in the Chamba town. Handpumps have been installed in these areas and are energized for the water supply. There exists a scope to explore the potentialities of rest of the areas for ground water in low lying valley areas. The hilly area of the district is feasible for only drilling shallow to medium depth bore wells. Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge- Based upon the climatic conditions, topography, hydrogeology of the area, suitable structure for rain water harvesting and artificial recharge to ground water are required. Proper scientific Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 50

51 intervention for spring development and revival is required in water scarce areas. In the hilly areas, roof top rainwater harvesting structures like storage tanks are recommended while in low hill ranges, check dam and roof top rainwater / snow harvesting structures can be adopted. 3.8 WATER QUALITY To assess the water quality of the proposed area, following 7 stations (surface water) were selected. Location of Water sampling stations is described below and location below: TABLE SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR WATER QUALITY Station No. Location Environmental Significance SW1 Jakhla Village SW2 Sumara Village SW3 Dehra Village SW4 Kunda Village Existing water quality nearby locations. SW5 Kalparhi Village SW6 Dantuee Mata Temple SW7 Chanju nallah Criteria of Selection of sampling Locations: Water sampling locations were selected based on the following criteria: source of water, flow of water, geological structure (hydrogeology), use of water, depth of water table etc. Spring water sample was collected from area to access the quality of water available in the site. Surface water was collected from downstream to study the chemical parameters. During surface water sampling flow of water pays an important role. In present study, source of surface water is Tanged Nala only Water Sampling Locations: As per the standard practice grab sampling was done for 7 locations. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 51

52 FIGURE 3.8-1: WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS ON 10 KM Sampling Frequency and Sampling Techniques: Water samples were taken as per the Standard Methods (IS & APHA, 22nd Edition 2012). Necessary precautions were taken for preservation of samples. The physical parameters viz. ph, temperature and conductivity were measured at site using portable water analyzer. As evident from the sampling locations for water quality assessment represented surface water. The results of water quality assessment are presented below: Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 52

53 SURFACE WATER QUALITY RESULTS OF CORE & BUFFER ZONE: Table 3-13; Nearby site Water quality results S. No. Parameter Unit IS: Drinking Water Standards 1 Colour Hazen 5 <1 SW1 Jakhla Village (Spring Water/Supply water) SW2 Sumrah Village (Spring Water/Supply water) <1 <1 Surface water quality results buffer zone SW3 Dehra Village (Spring Water/Supply water) SW4 Kunda Village (Spring Water/Supply water) SW5 Kalparhi Village (Spring Water/Supply water) <1 <1 <1 SW6 Dantuee Mata Temple (Spring Water/Supply water) 2 Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Turbidity NTU 1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 4 ph Value Temperature ºC Conductivity µmhos/cm Total Dissolved Solids mg/l Chloride (as Cl) mg/l Fluoride (as F) mg/l < Total Hardness mg/l Calcium (as Ca) mg/l Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l Sulphate (as SO 4 ) mg/l Nitrate Nitrogen mg/l Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 53

54 15 Alkalinity mg/l Phosphate mg/l Sodium (as Na) mg/l Potassium (as K) mg/l (Source of standards: IS: 10500, Laboratory: M/s Perfact Researchers Pvt. Ltd (NABL Accredited) Boron, Total Chromium, Aluminium, Lithium, Phosphate, Manganese, Copper, Cadmium and Lead are below detection level. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 54

55 3.8.3 Data Interpretation of Surface water quality: The Surface water quality results clearly explains that: Collected samples are from spring water (Surface water) sources. 1. The Spring water quality at location SW1-Jhakla Village (Spring Water/Supply Water) shows that ph (8), TDS (134.5 mg/l) & all the parameters are within the range as per standards (IS:10500). Phosphate (0.04 mg/l) is slightly higher as per Drinking water standards (IS:10500) 2. The Spring water quality at location SW2-Sumara Village (Spring Water/Supply Water) shows that ph (8), TDS (135.5 mg/l) & all the parameters are within the range as per standards (IS:10500). Phosphate (0.04 mg/l) is slightly higher as per Drinking water standards (IS:10500) 3. The Spring water quality at location SW3- Dehra Village (Spring Water/Supply Water) shows that ph (7.8), TDS (36.8 mg/l) & all the parameters are within the range as per standards (IS:10500). Phosphate (0.05 mg/l) is slightly higher as per Drinking water standards (IS:10500) 4. The Spring water results in the location SW4- Kunda Village (Spring Water/Supply Water) shows that ph (7.9), TDS (42.34 mg/l) & all the parameters are within the range as per standards (IS:10500). Phosphate (0.02 mg/l) is slightly higher as per Drinking water standards (IS:10500) 5. The Spring water results in the location SW5- Kalparhi Village (Spring Water/Supply Water) shows that ph (7.95), TDS (51.6 mg/l) & all the parameters are within the range as per standards (IS:10500). Phosphate (0.02 mg/l) is slightly higher as per Drinking water standards (IS:10500) 6. The Spring water results in the location SW6- Dantoi Village (Spring Water/Supply Water) shows that ph (8), TDS (92.95 mg/l) & all the parameters are within the range as per standards (IS:10500). Conclusion 7. Water can be used for drinking purpose Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 55

56 SURFACE WATER QUALITY (BUFFER ZONE) Table 3.8-2; Surface water quality results (Buffer Zone) S.No. Parameters Unit 1 Colour Hazen SW7 Chanju nallah (Spring water) IS: (Drinking Water Standard) CPCB Surface water quality criteria Class A Class B Class C Class D < Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity NTU <0.5 < ph Value Temperature ºC Conductivity µmhos/cm Total Dissolved Solids mg/l Chloride (as Cl) mg/l Total Hardness mg/l Calcium (as Ca) mg/l Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l Class E 12 Iron (as Fe) mg/l < Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 56

57 13 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l Nitrate Nitrogen mg/l Alkalinity mg/l Phosphate mg/l Sodium (as Na) mg/l Potassium (as K) mg/l BOD mg/l < COD mg/l < DO mg/l Total Suspended Solids mg/l Laboratory: M/s Perfact Researchers Pvt. Ltd (NABL Accredited) Aluminium, Lithium, Total Chromium, Fluoride, Lead, Phosphate, Cadmium, Surfactant, Phenols, Arsenic, Cyanide, Selenium, Mercury, PCB, PAH, Nickel, Manganese, Copper, Boron and Ammonical Nitrogen are below detection level Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 57

58 3.8.4 Data Interpretation: Data Interpretation of surface water quality (Buffer zone): 1. The Surface water quality of the Chanju Nala shows that all the parameters are within the IS (Drinking water standard) and CPCB Water Quality Criteria Class of water A, B, C, D & E. 3.9 SOIL QUALITY To assess the soil quality of the proposed area, following stations were selected. Soil profile and quality was studied at 6 different locations. Location of Soil sampling stations is described below Sampling Locations TABLE SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR SOIL QUALITY Station Location Project area / Study area Environmental No. Significance S1 Sumrah Village Forest Land S2 Dehra Village Forest Land S3 Kunda Village Forest Land S4 Kalparhi Village Forest Land S5 Dantuee Village Forest Land S6 Deothal Forest Land Existing Soil quality in nearby areas Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 58

59 3.9.2 Locations of soil sampling stations FIGURE SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ON 10 KM TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 59

60 3.9.3 Sampling procedure & Analysis: Augur method was used and samples were collected at 15 cm depth after removing the upper crust. Sample from each spot were well mixed with hand on a clean polythene sheet. About 1 kg of soil was retained after process of quartering. This sample was kept for some time for airdrying at room temperature, stored in polythene bag with label at the top. Samples were analysed for bulk density, ph, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and organic contents. Soil Quality Results are summarized below. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 60

61 ONSITE PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL TABLE 3.9-2;SOIL QUALITY RESULTS S. No. Parameter Physical Properties Colour 1 Composition (%) 2 3 Moisture Content (%) 4 Conductivity (µs/cm) 5 Bulk Density (gm/cc) 6 Porosity (%) S1 Sumrah Village S2 Dehra Village S3 Kunda Village S4 Kalpari Village S5 Dantuee Village S6 Deothal 3/4 Brown 3/3 Dark 3/1 Brownish 3/2 Brownish 2/2 Brownish Brown Black Black Black 3/4 Brown Sand: 12.0 Sand: 14.3 Sand: 2.7 Sand: 8.0 Sand: 14.9 Sand: 3.1 Silt: 3.2 Silt: 3.7 Silt: 3.4 Silt: 4.3 Silt: 7.7 Silt: 6.5 Clay: 84.8 Clay: 82.0 Clay: 93.9 Clay: 87.7 Clay: 77.4 Clay: Chemical Properties 1 Texture Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay 2 ph Available Nitrogen (mg/kg) Available Phosphorous (mg/kg) Available Potassium (mg/kg) Organic matter (%) Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/kg) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 61

62 10 Chloride (mg/kg) 11 Available Sulphur (mg/kg) 12 Exchangeable Sodium (mg/kg) 13 Cation Exchange Capacity(meq/100gm) 14 Bi carbonate(mg/kg) 15 Orthophosphate(mg/kg) (LABORATORY: M/S PERFACT RESEARCHERS PVT. LTD (NABL ACCREDITED) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 62

63 3.9.4 Data Interpretation Buffer Zone: The result shows that texture of soil has Clay texture. Colour varies from Brown to Blackish Brown, ph ranges from 6.0 to 7.0. Amount of primary nutrients like Organic matter 2.60% to 4.82 %, the available nitrogen 110 mg/kg to mg/kg is lower to medium in range, the available phosphorus 5.5 mg/kg mg/kg is low to high in range, available potassium 27.6 mg/kg to mg/kg is low to high in range, Primary nutrient profile shows that soil is average fertile due to the availability of low amount of nitrogen, available potassium & available phosphorous. Primary nutrient profile shows average fertile soil along the stretch. Nitrogen is the most important fertilizer element. Plants respond quickly to application of nitrogen. This element encourages above ground vegetative growth and gives a deep green color to the leaves & Potassium is the third essential fertilizer element and it is essential for photosynthesis, for protein synthesis, for starch formation and for the translocation of sugars. So, the addition of bio fertilizers will enhance the fertility of soil LAND USE Information on land use/ land cover is the basic prerequisite for land resource evaluation, environmental assessment, utilization and management. A considerable degree of land transformations is being witnessed because of growing population pressure on the finite land resources consummating in deterioration of the environment. As a precursor, it is necessary to understand the cause and effect' of the transformations through scientific studies. The scope of the present study is limited to mapping the current land use / land cover pattern, their assessment, spatial distribution and extent using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The land environment will mainly deal with the land use, land cover within and buffer zone METHODOLOGY Image processing software and GIS Software were used for the project. Image Processing Software was used for digital processing of the spatial data. Digital image processing techniques were applied for the mapping of the land use/land cover classes of the provided area from the satellite data. The methodology applied comes under following steps: Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 63

64 Satellite imagery for the Area of Interest was created through image processing software. Geometric correction includes correction for geometric distortions due to sensor, earth geometry variations and conversion of the data to real world coordinates. Image enhancement is one of the important image processing functions primarily done to improve the appearance of the imagery to assist in visual interpretation and analysis. Google image is used as a reference map for base layer preparation. Visual interpretation technique has been used for digitization of geographical feature for different land use and vegetation cover classes based on spatial pattern of geographic feature RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Land use Buffer zone: The land use/ land cover map has been generated on 1:50,000 scale using Satellite Imagery and ground truth information. Based on the methodology developed for the present land use/ land cover, categories have been grouped under the following major land use/land cover categories. S No. Category Area in SQ Km Area in Ha Percentage 1 Agriculture Land Barren Land Built-up, Rural Forest, Deciduous Forest, Evergreen/Semi Evergreen Forest, Scrub Forest Grass/Grazing Scrub Land Snow and Glacier Water Bodies, River/Canal Total Built-up: Built-up land includes the urban or rural settlements. The village locations and their area extent have been extracted from the existing Satellite Imagery. The major built-up area is about hectares which is 0.09 percent of the total 10 km radius study area. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 64

65 Agriculture Land: Based on Satellite Imagery and ground truth the total Agriculture land is about hectares which is 2.26 percent of the total study area. Forest: Based on Satellite Imagery and ground truth the land use is mainly forest land. The total forest area is about hectares which is percent of the total study area. Waste/ Barren land: Based on Satellite Imagery and ground truth Waste/ Barren land their area extent has been extracted. The Barren land area is about hectares which is 6.24 percent of the total 10 km radius study area. Water bodies: Based on Satellite Imagery and ground truth Water bodies their area extent has been extracted. This area is about hectares which is 0.40 percent of the total 10 km radius study area. Snow and Glacier: Based on Satellite Imagery and ground truth snow and glacier area extent has been extracted. This area is about hectares which is percent of the total 10 km radius study area. Grass/Grazing: Based on Satellite Imagery and ground truth grass/grazing area extent has been extracted. This area is about hectares which is percent of the total 10 km radius study area. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 65

66 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 66

67 3.11 FLORA AND FAUNA A natural ecosystem is a complete community of living organisms and non-living constituents in a given area and their interactions. An ecosystem is capable of self-sustaining ability and regulating the number of organisms at any level by cybernetic rules. The basic purpose to explore the biological environment under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed project upon ecology and develop adequate mitigation measures to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits. An ecological survey of the study area was conducted, particularly with reference to listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological conditions in the study area. The main objective of the ecological Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 67

68 survey is aimed at assessing the existing flora and fauna components in the study area. Data has been collected through extensive survey of the area with reference to flora and fauna. With the change in environmental conditions, the vegetation cover as well as animals reflects several changes in its structure, density and composition. The proposed study area was carried out in Chamba, Himanchal Pradesh. The Project area is dominantly occupied by thick Cedrus deodara, Rhododendron arboreum, Quercus semecarpifolia, lyonia ovalifolia, Berberis lycium etc. The present study was carried out separately for floral and faunal community of core and buffer zone respectively. Need to study: The present study was undertaken with the following objectives: To assess the species diversity and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site (within 10 km. radii) To assess the animal life spectra (within 10 km radii) To achieve the above objectives a study area was undertaken. The different methods adopted were as follows: Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and various government agencies; Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area Methodology for the study of Flora and Fauna: Methodology for Study of Flora: During the study, the floral composition of the area was evaluated through primary survey. The local inhabitants were also consulted to get extra information. Plant Species are counted and identified within core zone with the help of quadrate method. The size of the quadrate was based on the area size. For the survey 10 X 10 m plot are selected for vegetation analysis and for the buffer zone estimated with the help of line transect and random survey method. Methodology for study of Fauna: Different species were observed at different timing during the day Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 68

69 Bird: Birds were watched during dawn. Nocturnal and Burrowing animals: After Sunset. Animals: Morning & Evening Collection of Secondary Data Secondary data is collected from the Forest Department, Working Plan of the Area other relevant records such as plantation journals and records of wild life / forest offence cases. Introduction of the project highlighting the Environmental sensitivity: The proposed project is construction of Material Ropeways for Chanju III HEP (48 MW) Hydroelectric Project at Village- Dantoi, District- Chamba, Himanchal Pradesh. Entire project alignment falls within a forest land for development of loading and unloading stations. Total 37 Reserve and protected forest falls within the buffer zone area. Types of Forest: Himachal Pradesh is situated in the northwest of India in the Himalayan ranges. It has a total geographical area of 5.57 million ha. The State has more than 25 per cent of its total geographic area under forest cover, which includes very dense, moderately dense, open forest and scrub (FSI, 2009). The proposed project area falls in Chamba district which recorded to have more than 16 per cent of their total area covered with forest. Based on the primary survey as well as secondary data sources, the pre-dominant forest types assessed during field survey was classified following A revised survey of forest types in India by Champion and Seth (1968) as described below: Himalayan Wet Temperate Forest Himalyan Dry Temperate Forest Dry Alpine Forests Moist Alpine Scrub Forests Sub-tropical Pine forests Sub-tropical Broad-Leaved hill forests a) Himalayan Wet Temperate Forest Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 69

70 This type of forests is mainly confined to lowest portion of the temperate belt, particularly in the outer ranges and also observed in Project area. Quercus leucotrichophora and Quercus floribunda forest is the predominate in this area with admixture other secondary evergreen subspecies like Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia and Litsea spp., etc. The leaves of Quercus species are extensively used for fodder hence these forests are heavily lopped. b) Himalayan Dry Temperate Forest This type of forests has Composition of Blue pine (21.88), Oaks (18.76), Conifers mixed with hardwoods (15.63), Fir (12.51), Mixed conifers (9.37), Deodar (6.24), Oak Rhododendrom Forest (6.24), Spruce (3.12), Fir spruce (3.12), Upland hardwoods (3.12). A great variety of species like broad leafed temperate evergreen trees like oaks, laurels, chestnuts, walnuts etc. c) Dry Alpine and Moist Alpine Scrub Forest The Alpine forests occur all aong the Himalayas at higher altitudes. The dry alpine scrub is the uppermost limit of scrub xerophytic, dwarf shrubs and found in diy zone. Juniper, honeysuckle, artemisia, potentilla etc. are important species. The moist alpine scrub is a low evergreen dense growth of rhododendron, birch, berberis and honeysuckle which occurs from 3,000 m and extends upto snowline. d) Sub-tropical Pine Forest The Himalayas sub tropical pine forests are confined to Nepal, Bhutan, States of J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in Northern India and Pakistan in the west. The sub tropical pine forests are mainly classified into types-lower Siwalik Chir Pine and Upper (Himalayan) Chir pine forest. The vegetation of the Himalayan subtropical pine forests consists of pure roxhurghii. Among the forests in the Himalayan region Shisham, Teak, Sal, Pine, Fir, Juniper and Rhododendron are mostly seen. Several variety of medicinal herbs that are specially found in this region. e) Sub-tropical Broad-Leaved Hill Forest This type of forest extends from the middle hills of Central Nepal through Darjeeling into Bhutan. The soil is composed of alluvium deposited over the ages by the rivers thatd rain this Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 70

71 young mountain range. The main forest types include Dodoaea scrub, subtropical dry evergreen forests of Olea Cuspidata, northern dry mixed deciduous forests. Selection of Sampling Location for the study of Flora and Fauna: Core Zone: Core Zone is the area where project is to be constructed. The proposed project is construction of Material Ropeways for Chanju III HEP (48 MW) Hydroelectric Project at Village- Dantoi, District- Chamba, Himanchal Pradesh. All the flora and fauna of core zone has been recorded during the survey. Buffer Zone: The zone falling with in 10Km radius around the project area. For sampling purpose, buffer zone is further divided in 2 Km and 5 Km. Patches of flora is studied in 4 locations within 2 km, 5 locations within 5 Km. Location of flora is given below. Fauna is recorded randomly. Table for location S. No Name of location Distance & Direction 1. Dehra Reserve forest 0.17 Km 2. Jured Reserve forest 1.26 Km, North 3. Sundari 2.06 Km West 4. Chachoga 3.41 Km, WNW Sample location Map Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 71

72 Description of Core Zone with flora and Fauna Details: Core Zone: S. No Botanical Name Common Name 1. Bunium persicum Black Cumin 2. Cedrus Deodara Deodara 3. Corylus jacquemontii Decne Wild almond 4. Cannabis sativa Bhang 5. Lyonia ovalifolia Angeri 6. Picea smithiana Spruce 7. Rhododendron arboreum Burans 8. Quercus leucotrichophora Banj Oak 9. Quercus semecarpifolia Kharsu Oak 10. Indigofera heterantha Kathi 11. Berberis aristata barberry 12. Rubus ellipticus Himalayan raspberry Buffer Zone species Varieties trees, shrubs, wild flowering and medicinal plants such as, Quercus semecarpifolia, Cannabis sativa, Cedrus deodara, Rhododendron arboreum etc. Tree species S. No Botanical Name Common name 13. Abies pindrow Silver fir 14. Acacia catechu Khair 15. Acer caesium Maple 16. Aesculus indica Khanor house Chestnut 17. Ailanthus excelsa Ailanthus 18. Albizia stipulata Siris 19. Alnus nepalensis Piyakh 20. Betula utilis Bhojpatra 21. Buxus sempervirens Shamshad 22. Cedrela serrata Darle 23. Cedrus deodara Devdar 24. Celtis australis Khirak 25. Citrus macrophylla Bhutia Badam 26. Cornus medica Nimbu 27. Corylus jacquemontii Thangi 28. Cupressus torulosa Saru (Himalayan Cypress) 29. Debregeasia hypoleuca Siaru 30. Ficus auriculata Tiambla Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 72

73 31. Ficus palmata Fagura 32. Ficus religiosa Pipal 33. Fraxinus floribunda Ash 34. Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Sainjal 35. Grewia optiva Beul 36. Ilex dipyrena Kanderu 37. Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 38. Juglans regia Akhrot 39. Litsea spp. Chiluth 40. Lyonia ovalifolia Alan 41. Melia azedarach Darek 42. Morus serrata Kinu 43. Olea cuspidata Kahu 44. Phoenix humilis Khajoor 45. Picea smithiana Rai 46. Picea smithiana Rai 47. Pieris ovalifolia Kambhal 48. Pinus roxburghii Chir pine 49. Pinus Wallichiana Blue Pine 50. Pistacia integerrima Kakkar 51. Populus ciliata Pahari papal 52. Populus ciliata Popular 53. Prunus armeniaca Apricot 54. Prunus armeniaca Chihri 55. Pseudunela cornuta Paja 56. Pyrus pashia Wild Pear 57. Quercus floribunda Moru Oak 58. Quercus glauca Oak 59. Quercus leucotrichophora Oak 60. Quercus semecarpifolia. kharsu 61. Rhododendron arboreum Burans 62. Rhus punjabensis Titri 63. Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust 64. Salix denticulata Majnu 65. Sapindus mukorossi Reetha 66. Terminalia bellirica Bahera 67. Terminalia chebula Harad 68. Ulmus wallichiana Cherry Bark Elm Shrub, herbs & wild medicinal plants Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 73

74 S. No Botanical Name Common name 1. Agave americana Ramban 2. Adhatoda Vasica Adathoda 3. Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort 4. Arundinaria falcata Nees 5. Arisaema wallichianum Cobra Lily 6. Bauhinia vahlii Taur 7. Berberis aristata Indian barberry 8. Bambusa arundinacea Indian thorny bamboo 9. Carissa spinarum Bush plum 10. Clematis montana Himalayan clematis 11. Cannabis sativa Bhang 12. Colebrookea oppositifolia Binda 13. Cotoneaster bacillaris Renus 14. Condalia microphylla Chamror 15. Daphne cannabina Caula 16. Desmodium tiliaefolium Murt 17. Deutzia corymbosa Philru 18. Dodonaea viscosa Hop Bush 19. Euphorbia royleana Danda Thor 20. Fragaria vesca wild strawberry 21. Flacourtia ramontchi Kandel 22. Hedera helix Common ivy 23. Indigofera pulchella Neela 24. Lantana camara Lantana 25. Murraya Koenigii Curry tree 26. Myrsine africana Banwan 27. Ricinus communis Castor 28. Rosa macrophylla Jungligulab 29. Rubus ellipticus Raspberry 30. Rosa moschata Wild Rose 31. Sarcococca saligna Sheha 32. Smilax parvifolia Ram datum 33. Skimmia laureola Shashru 34. Solanum indicum Wild Tobacco 35. Spiraea canescens Jhar Mairala 36. Strobilanthes atropurpureus Mashna 37. Thymus serpyllum Wild Jawain Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 74

75 38. Vitis himalayana Pan bel 39. Woodfordia fruticosa Dhau 40. Zanthoxylum alatum Tirmir (Source: Forest Department Chamba and primary survey by Ecology & Biodiversity team) Cropping Pattern: Apple and other seasonal fruit like Pear, Plum, Apricot are the cash crop in Chamba, Himanchal Pradesh apart from this the major crop grown are Barley, Maize, Wheat, vegetables include Potato, Ginger, Soyabean, oilseeds and pulses grow in Chamba. Faunal Community: Core Zone: During study, it was found that the faunal diversity in the core site was limited to Butterflies, insects, some species of mammals & reptile. The core site has avifauna species like crow, pigeon, sparrow parrot, etc. Fauna of Core Zone: TYPE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SCHEDULE Reptiles: 1 Himalayan pit viper Gloydius himalayanus II 2 Rock Lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi - 3 Indian Cobra Naja naja II 4 Rat snake Ptyas mucosa II Mammals: 5 Three striped palm squirrels Funambulus palmarum IV 6 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II 7 Langur Presbytis entellus II 8 Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii II 9 Indian porcupine Hystrix indica IV 10 Jungle cat Felis chaus II 11 Wild Boar Sus scrofa domesticus III 12 Sheep Ovius polic IV 13 Horse Equus cabilus IV 14 Ass Equus hermionus IV Aves: 15 Crow Corvus splendens V 16 House Sparrow Passer domesticus - 17 Pigeon Columba livia IV 18 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV 19 Black Kite Milvus sp IV Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 75

76 20 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus IV 21 Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus IV 22 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus - 23 Barn swallow Hirundo rustica - 24 Western Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis - 25 Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis 26 Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus Insects: 27 Butterflies Rhopalocera sp - 28 Common Castor Ariadne mprione - 29 Wasps Vespa orientalis - 30 Dragonfly Agrian sp - 31 Honey Bee Apis indica - 32 House fly Musca domestica - Fauna of Buffer zone: TYPE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SCHEDULE Amphibian 1 Indian Bullfrog Rana tigerina IV 2 Asian Common toad Bufo melanostictus IV Mammals 1 Tendua Panthera pardus I 2 Wild boar Sus scrofa III 3 Barking deer Munticacus muntjak III 4 Musk deer Moschus moschiferus - 5 Sambar Cervus unicolor III 6 Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta II 7 Langur Presbytis entellus II 9 Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus IV 10 Fox Vulpes bengalensis II 11 Jungle cat Felis chaus II 12 Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii II 13 Bat Pteropodidae V 14 Common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus II 15 Indian porcupine Hystrix indica IV Reptiles: 1 Himalayan pit viper Gloydius himalayanus II 2 Indian Cobra Naja naja II 3 Rat snake Ptyas mucosa II 4 Krait Bungarus sp. IV Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 76

77 5 Rock Lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi - Aves: 1 Owl Strigiformes sps. IV 2 Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos IV 3 Rock pigeon Columba livia IV 4 Common myna Acridotheres tristis IV 5 Himalayan monal Lophophorus impejanus I 6 Kingfisher Alcedo atthis IV 7 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV 8 Indian blue robin Larvivora brunnea IV 9 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus IV 10 Shikra Lanius excubitor IV 11 Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus IV (Source: Forest Department & Primary survey by Ecology & Biodiversity team) ENDANGERED SPECIES There are three schedule I Species found in buffer zone namely Panthera pardus (Leopard), and Lophophorus impejanus (Himalayan monal). Eight schedule II species were also reported in the buffer zone namely Herpestes edwardsii (Common Mongoose), Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque), Presbytis entellus (Langur), Vulpes bengalensis (Fox), Felis chaus (Jungle cat), Gloydius himalayanus (Himalayan pit viper), Rat snake (Ptyas mucosa) & Naja naja (Cobra) SOCIOECONOMIC SCENARIO Concept & Definitions a. Study Area: The study area, also known as impact area has been defined as the sum total of core area and buffer area with a distance of 10 Kilometres from the periphery of the core area. The study area includes all the land marks both natural and manmade, falling therein. b. QoL: The Quality of Life (QoL) refers to degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of his/her life. The Possibilities result from the opportunities and limitations, each person has in his/her life and reflect the interaction of personal and environmental factors. Enjoyment has two components: the experience of satisfaction and the possession or achievement of some characteristic. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 77

78 c. Household: A group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen are called a household. Persons living in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of related or unrelated persons live in a house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not part of a common household. Each such person is treated as a separate household. There may be one-member households, two-member households or multi-member households. d. Sex Ratio: Sex ratio is the ratio of females to males in a given population. It is expressed as 'number of females per 1000 males'. e. Literates: All persons aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language are taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who are blind but can read in Braille are also treated as literates. f. Literacy Rate: Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population aged 7 years and above. g. Labour Force: The labour force is the number of people employed and unemployed in a geographical entity. The size of the labour force is the sum total of persons employed and unemployed. An unemployed person is defined as a person not employed but actively seeking work. Normally, the labour force of a country consists of everyone of working age (around 14 to 16 years) and below retirement (around 65 years) that are participating workers, that is people actively employed or seeking employment. People not counted under labour force are students, retired persons, stay-at home people, people in prisons, permanently disabled persons and discouraged workers. h. Work: Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. The work may be part time, full time, or unpaid work in a farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. i. Worker: All persons engaged in 'work' are defined as workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 78

79 j. Main Workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more in the case of a year) are termed as Main Workers. k. Marginal Workers: Those workers who did not work for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers l. Work participation rate: The work participation rate is the ratio between the labour Study Area force and the overall size of their cohort (national population of the same age range). In the present study the work participation rate is defined as the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to total population. The study area means villages in 10 km radius of the proposed Ropeway project. Topographical map and Google earth maps were used to identify the wards in 10 km radius. As a matter of fact, all the surrounding area is part of rural inhabitation. A total of 35 villages in Chamba district falls within the study area. The total population of the study area is constituting 2791 households. The sex ratio of the study area as per census 2011 records at 941, whereas the sex ratio of the districts Mathura involved is 986. List of villages In Study Area As mentioned above that there are 35 villages in Chamba district are falling within study area as given ahead District Chamba, HimanchalPradesh SL.No. Name of village SL.No. Name of village SL.No. Name of village 1 Bharara (454) 13 Jungrar (531) 25 Maihla (486) 2 Shimbra (456) 14 Phanaota (494) 26 Sundari (489) 3 Dehra (521) 15 Gewa (496) 27 Dehra (485) 4 Gadiog (507) 16 Baghai Garh (465) 28 Kunda (483) 5 Utpur (506) 17 Paraba (468) 29 Mawa (293) 6 Bhatrudi (459) 18 Khander (467) 30 Sanotha (248) 7 Dhar Tundara (460) 19 Chachoga (466) 31 Oil (254) Silla Gharat Katwar (461) Jhakla (488) (253) 9 Deola (504) 21 Suala (487) 33 Ghagrauta (252) 10 Drabbar (528) 22 Bharandui (469) 34 Maingal (250) 11 Sarana (538) 23 Mawa (473) 35 Thundu (251) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 79

80 12 Kareri (530) 24 Juri (476) Demographic Profile of Study Area A study was undertaken with respect to demography, occupational pattern, literacy rate and other important socio-economic indicators of these villages to reveal the socio-economic structure of the entire project area. The summary is given below: Population The total rural population of the study area falling in Mathura district is constituting 2791 households. The sex ratio of the study area as per census 2011 records is 941, whereas the sex ratio of the districts involved is 986. Social Structure The proportion of Scheduled Caste (SC) rural population within the study area is 31.2% whereas this proportion in the districts involved in 21.5%. The proportion of Scheduled tribe (ST) population within the study area is 24.7% whereas this proportion in the districts involved in 26.1%. Literacy The total proportion of rural literate within the study area is 58.8% of total population. The proportion of Male literates and female literates within the study area is 69.7% and 47.1% respectively. Detailed profile of study area is given below (source: Census of India, 2011) Demographic Features of the study area based on Census data 2011 Sl. Name Total Overall Male Female No. No. of Sex Popul SC% ST% Literacy Literacy % Literacy % HHs Ratio ation % 1 Bharara (454) % 1.3% 62.7% 77.5% 47.4% 2 Shimbra (456) % 11.3% 55.2% 68.5% 40.4% 3 Dehra (521) % 12.0% 69.8% 84.1% 55.6% 4 Gadiog (507) % 1.6% 58.6% 69.1% 47.7% 5 Utpur (506) % 18.4% 56.6% 71.7% 41.1% 6 Bhatrudi (459) % 32.0% 50.9% 58.4% 42.6% 7 Dhar Tundara (460) % 100.0% 16.7% 22.2% 11.1% 8 Katwar (461) % 40.3% 44.5% 55.7% 33.7% Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 80

81 9 Deola (504) % 43.0% 75.5% 87.1% 63.9% 10 Drabbar (528) % 2.0% 46.0% 56.5% 32.9% 11 Sarana (538) % 0.0% 58.0% 67.3% 49.1% 12 Kareri (530) % 0.0% 58.3% 63.1% 53.5% 13 Jungrar (531) % 0.0% 74.0% 85.7% 62.4% 14 Phanaota (494) % 0.0% 69.1% 81.4% 55.7% 15 Gewa (496) % 2.8% 63.3% 69.9% 56.3% 16 Baghai Garh (465) % 29.4% 74.3% 86.2% 61.8% 17 Paraba (468) % 21.4% 54.9% 68.9% 40.4% 18 Khander (467) % 42.8% 51.9% 61.4% 42.7% 19 Chachoga (466) % 20.0% 74.2% 84.1% 64.7% 20 Jhakla (488) % 11.1% 64.5% 77.0% 50.3% 21 Suala (487) % 21.7% 60.7% 72.6% 47.4% 22 Bharandui (469) % 21.1% 57.5% 67.6% 44.8% 23 Mawa (473) % 18.5% 48.5% 58.9% 36.0% 24 Juri (476) % 98.3% 23.1% 36.0% 7.6% 25 Maihla (486) % 9.3% 66.4% 71.9% 60.8% 26 Sundari (489) % 0.0% 43.1% 41.8% 44.4% 27 Dehra (485) % 0.0% 60.6% 71.6% 49.0% 28 Kunda (483) % 14.7% 63.1% 69.6% 56.3% 29 Mawa (293) % 0.4% 77.0% 90.1% 64.5% 30 Sanotha (248) % 82.0% 53.4% 63.6% 41.8% 31 Oil (254) % 68.7% 68.3% 80.5% 54.8% 32 Silla Gharat (253) % 31.1% 51.9% 59.0% 44.4% 33 Ghagrauta (252) % 39.8% 58.6% 68.8% 47.9% 34 Maingal (250) % 81.1% 47.0% 65.3% 29.0% 35 Thundu (251) % 25.7% 71.0% 81.0% 61.3% Total % 24.7% 58.8% 69.7% 47.1% It may be seen be seen from the above table that total rural population of the villages of district Chamba falling in the study area is 15760, varying between 24 in Dhar Tundara to 1208 in Bharara. Sex ratio was found to be varying from 806 in Mawa to 1094 in Sarana. The proportion of SC% was observed to be varying between nil in Sanotha to 94.4 Dehra. The proportion of ST% was observed nil in Dehra, Sundari to 100% in Dhar Tundara. The overall literacy rates were found to be varying from 16.7% in Dhar Tundara to 74.3% in Baghai Garh. Female literacy rates of Juri (7.6%) were observed to be minimum across all 35 villages of study area. Work Profile of Study Area The work profile of the villages of Chamba district falling within study area is depicted in the table given below Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 81

82 Sl. No. Name Total Population Total Worker Total Male Worker Total Female Worker Total Main Worker Total Marginal Worker 1 Bharara (454) % 49.2% 50.8% 27.0% 73.0% 2 Shimbra % 52.1% 47.9% 24.5% 75.5% (456) 3 Dehra (521) % 50.0% 50.0% 35.2% 64.8% 4 Gadiog (507) % 55.4% 44.6% 27.7% 72.3% 5 Utpur (506) % 53.5% 46.5% 23.7% 76.3% 6 Bhatrudi % 51.7% 48.3% 62.0% 38.0% (459) 7 Dhar Tundara % 40.0% 60.0% 100.0% 0.0% 8 Katwar (461) % 49.7% 50.3% 39.6% 60.4% 9 Deola (504) % 51.0% 49.0% 38.1% 61.9% 10 Drabbar (528) % 54.7% 45.3% 20.7% 79.3% 11 Sarana (538) % 50.4% 49.6% 31.9% 68.1% 12 Kareri (530) % 49.5% 50.5% 33.6% 66.4% 13 Jungrar (531) % 49.1% 50.9% 35.7% 64.3% 14 Phanaota % 55.1% 44.9% 15.7% 84.3% 15 Gewa (496) % 50.9% 49.1% 17.9% 82.1% 16 Baghai Garh % 64.9% 35.1% 39.9% 60.1% 17 Paraba (468) % 49.8% 50.2% 9.7% 90.3% 18 Khander % 49.7% 50.3% 12.3% 87.7% (467) 19 Chachoga % 49.5% 50.5% 15.4% 84.6% 20 Jhakla (488) % 60.1% 39.9% 50.7% 49.3% 21 Suala (487) % 79.5% 20.5% 94.5% 5.5% 22 Bharandui % 54.0% 46.0% 30.1% 69.9% 23 Mawa (473) % 54.5% 45.5% 11.4% 88.6% 24 Juri (476) % 50.8% 49.2% 57.0% 43.0% 25 Maihla (486) % 53.1% 46.9% 46.9% 53.1% 26 Sundari (489) % 52.9% 47.1% 48.1% 51.9% 27 Dehra (485) % 53.2% 46.8% 56.3% 43.7% 28 Kunda (483) % 55.6% 44.4% 14.0% 86.0% 29 Mawa (293) % 87.8% 12.2% 33.0% 67.0% 30 Sanotha (248) % 52.3% 47.7% 75.6% 24.4% 31 Oil (254) % 50.0% 50.0% 76.8% 23.2% 32 Silla Gharat % 51.7% 48.3% 97.2% 2.8% 33 Ghagrauta % 50.5% 49.5% 55.5% 44.5% 34 Maingal (250) % 46.9% 53.1% 82.2% 17.8% 35 Thundu (251) % 50.8% 49.2% 96.2% 3.8% Total % 53.7% 46.3% 45.6% 54.4% It may be observed from the table above that the proportion of the total workers is 56.0% of the total population of the study area. The proportion was found to be varying from 25.6% in Mawa Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 82

83 to 89.5% in Kama Jungrar. The work force was mainly constituted by males to the tune of 53.7%. It was also observed an overwhelming majority 54.4% of the workers were marginal worker. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION The primary survey for nearby 8 villages has been conducted. These villages are the main villages which will have positive and negative impact due to the operation of this project. The process of collecting data using primary survey data is as follows: (i) Identify the villages to be surveyed. (ii) Select one village. (iii) Check the number of PAF in the village due to project. (iv) PAF to be surveyed individually (v) Indirect affected villages to be survey educing focus group discussion method having persons in a group (vi) Physical survey for sanitation /drinking water facilities, banks, physical heath checks, availability of primary health centres/ dispensary/ hospitals, road conditions, educational facilities, source of income, average annual income of the villagers. The summary of socio economic survey conducted in these villages is given below: Primary Field Survey A socioeconomic survey within the Buffer Zone was conducted. Survey covered few households in the buffer zone which included village Panihareka Village, Kalprehi Village, Dantuee Village, Lunekh Village, Jakhla Village, Shumra village, Kunda Village, Dehra Village (all these villages comes under Chamba district). The result of the survey is summarized as below: S.No. Village Name Project Area/study area 1 Panihareka Village Forest Land 2 Kalparhi Village Forest Land 3 Dantoi Village Forest Land 4 Lunekh Village Forest Land 5 Jakhla Village Forest Land 6 Sumara village Forest Land 7 Kunda Village Forest Land 8 Dehra Village Forest Land Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 83

84 Micro level village information based on field survey & Census data 2011 S.No. Parameter Name of the village Panihareka Kalparhi Dantuee Lunekh 1 House Holds Approx Occupation or source of income Agriculture Labour, pvt jobs, Govt jobs Agriculture Labour, pvt jobs, Govt jobs Agriculture Labour, pvt jobs, Services 3 Population Approx % working status 4 Farming 50% 90% 95% 95% Agriculture Labour 40% 45% 45% 60% Private Job 45% 40% 35% 50% Govt. Job 10% 6% 0% 2% Self Emp. 25% 2% 2% 1% 5 Main crop Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables 6 School Anganwadi, Primary school, Middle school Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables Primary school, Middle school Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables Nil Agriculture Labour, pvt jobs, Services Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables Primary school 7 Hospital Dispensery & Asha Dispensery & Asha Nil Workers Workers Nil 8 Post office No No No No 9 Bank No No No No 10 Market Pvt. Shops Pvt. Shops Nil Pvt. Shops 11 Electricity Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 Source of water Supply network and spring water Supply network and spring water Supply network and spring water Supply network and spring water 13 Toilet facilities % 90% 50% 35% 50% 14 Transport system Bi Cycle, Scooters, Cars/Jeep, Tempo Bi Cycle, Scooters, Cars/Jeep Bi Cycle, Scooters Bi Cycle, Scooters, Cars/Jeep, Tempo 15 APL 50% 25% 5% 5% 16 BPL 50% 75% 95% 95% Micro level village information based on field survey & Census data 2011 S.No. Parameter Name of the village Jakhla Sumara village Kunda Dehra 1 House Holds Approx Occupation or source of income Agriculture Labour, pvt jobs, Govt jobs Agriculture, Labour, pvt jobs Agriculture, Labour, pvt jobs Agriculture, Labour, pvt jobs Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 84

85 3 Population Approx % working status Farming 50% 90% 97% 96% Agriculture Labour 40% 35% 50% 50% Private Job 45% 45% 35% 4% Govt. Job 10% 2% 3% 1% Self Emp. 18% 2% 1% 1% 5 Main crop Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables Wheat, seasonal fruits and vegetables 6 School Nil Nil Nil Nil 7 Hospital Asha Workers Asha Workers Asha Workers Asha Workers 8 Post office Nil Nil Nil Nil 9 Bank Nil Nil Nil Nil 10 Market Pvt. Shops Pvt. Shops Pvt. Shops Pvt. Shops 11 Electricity Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 Source of water Supply network and spring water Supply network and spring water Supply network and spring water Supply network and spring water 13 Toilet facilities % 70% 10% 30% 60% 14 Transport system Bi Cycle, Scooters, Bi Cycle, Scooters, Cars/Jeep, Tempo Bi Cycle, Scooters, Cars/Jeep, Tempo, Bi Cycle, Scooters, Cars/Jeep, Tempo 15 APL 70% 10% 30% 40% 16 BPL 30% 90% 70% 60% MICRO LEVEL VILLAGE INFORMATION (SOURCE - FIELD SURVEY) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 85

86 Data interpretation of survey conducted : Parameter studied Housing Electricity Economic Category Composition Education Status Drinking Water Primary occupation Data Interpretation The housing condition is not so good in these villages due to hilly terrain. pucca houses- 35% Semi pucca houses- 30% Kuccha houses- 35% The availability of electricity connection was also found good. Households having Electric connection- 100% The Proportion of above Poverty line was also found above average. Households above poverty line- 70% Households below poverty line- 30% In nearby area very, less number of person were found uneducated, However, mostly children are being sent to school. Adults: 15% Kids Educated 60 % Households with piped water supply - Nil Households using spring water- 100% Farming- 50 % Labour- 40 % 3.13 TRAFFIC DENSITY The traffic study was done in the nearby road ascertain the present traffic was on the road and thereafter impact be because of addition of traffic due to the Material Ropeway project. PCU values are used to convert various vehicles in to one standard vehicles i.e. Passenger car units (PCU). The PCU values as per IRC are as given below: S. No. Vehicle Type Table; PCU values of various vehicles PCU Value S. No. Vehicle Type PCU Value 1 Car 1 5 LCV 2 2 Two-wheeler Tractor and Trailor 5 3 Truck/ bus Cycle rickshaw Auto 1.2 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 86

87 Traffic Analysis: PWD Road, 2 Lane, two way -3 Meters The traffic density on 2 Lane road (PWD Road) was measured. The traffic analysis is given below; Road Width 3 meters Time Car/LTV Truck/Bus Two-wheeler Others PCU/day Volume In PCU Volume In PCU Volume In PCU Volume In PCU Total in 24 hr Carrying capacity of PWD Road, 3-meter road (2- lane) =1610 PCU/day. Existing traffic density at PWD Road =16 PCU/day. Existing LOS = 0.01 i.e. Cat A Proposed traffic from site=77 PCU/day. Total Traffic density at PWD Road = Existing traffic at PWD road + proposed traffic at site = =93 PCU /day. Total after proposed LOS = i.e. Cat A S.no LOS Value Category Inference based on IRC 106: 1990 (Ratio of V:C) (V/C) A Represents a condition of free flow; individual users are generally unaffected by others in the traffic and this condition is generally considered in the Excellent Category B Represents a condition of stable flow; individual users have a level of comfort and convenience but less than that of A. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 87

88 C Represents a condition of zonal stable flow; individual users are starting in a bit of discomfort; users start to feel inconvenience due to presence of other users on the road. General level of discomfort increases and there is a noticeable decline in convenience D Represents the level of stable flow; Level of comfort of users is poor and discomfort is significant in the flow of traffic. This category traffic streams are extremely susceptible to traffic problems E Represents operating conditions close to capacity level; freedom to traffic stream is low and the speed is relatively uniform but very less. Comfort and convenience is relatively poor and discomfort is visible. 6 1 or above F Breakdown Flow; These streams often and broken down, susceptible to long delays and therefore there is huge discomfort in these streams. Hence it is concluded that since carrying capacity of road (PWD road) is much higher than proposed traffic volume. Therefore, the traffic to & form of proposed, project will not create any traffic congestion. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 88

89 CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES This chapter focuses on identification of pollution sources due to the proposed project activity. The pollutants generated during the construction and operation phase have been assessed and quantified to estimate the level of impact and thus formulate environment management measures to mitigate theses impacts. Chapter 4 provides the information on the baseline environmental conditions at the project site for various parameters. This chapter discusses the various pollution loads and stresses that could impact the environment and the incremental environmental impacts on the environmental parameters during the operation phase of the project and also discuss the mitigation measures to reduce these impacts. 4.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT As per the Landuse of the area discussed in Chapter-2 & Chapter-4 of the EIA report. The impacts on land environment occur in three ways as given below: 1. Impact on Landuse 2. Impact on Topography 3. Impact on Soil The alignment falls within a Forest land for development of terminal stations (loading & Unloading station) & line towers. About 53,800 sq m (5.38 ha) of area of forest land will be diverted and 493 trees will be required to cut for construction of ropeway terminals for which compensatory afforestation will be done as per the norms. The anticipated impacts due to the proposed project and mitigation measures are given in Table 4-1. TABLE 4-1:IMPACT & MITIGATION FOR LAND ENVIRONMENT S.No. Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures Impact on Land Use 1. Total site selected for the The diversion of forest land will be carried development of loading and out as per the guidelines of the Forest unloading stations including (Conservation) Act, ropeway corridor for the proposed ropeway project comprises of 5.38 ha. forest land. Hence the forest land will be used for non-forest purposes. Land use will change from Forest land to constructed area. A Compensatory afforestation plan has been directed by the forest department as per the applicable laws. Afforestation plan in detail is discussed in Section 9.1 of this EIA report. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 89

90 2. Total site selected for the development of Loading Point and Unloading Point including ropeway corridor is forest land. This will disturb the flora and fauna and existing land use of the activity area 3. Construction will lead to Soil contamination due to project activities 4. Top soil erosion and Loss of productive soil may occur due to the proposed project 5. This project activity will lead increased transportation 6. Some adverse impact viz break failure, rope breaking can further lead to major accident Impact on Soil 7. During construction phase the excavation activity involved for pillar will cause erosion of base soil & generation of excess soil 8. During construction phase construction work could lead to stockpiling on site which will lead to soil contamination during windy days & rainy days. The diversion of forest land will be carried out as per the Forest (Conservation) Act, All the necessary condition imposed by the forest department (if any) will strictly be adhered. Top soil will be scrapped out carefully, stacked with protective measures and reused wherever necessary. Contaminating substances used in the project activity (if any) should be kept with protective measures. Progressive tree plantation and proper maintenance of top soil surrounding the project should be done to minimize soil erosion and loss of productive soil. Transportation of material should be done in such a way so that it could not affect the land. Proper Maintenance should be done time to time to minimize adverse impacts. Re-using excavated soil and rock from a construction site is one of the best ways to reduce the negative impact of excavation. The excavation shall only be done to provide foundation of pillars. The excavated soil & rocks shall be reused to the extent possible. Top soil shall be used in Landscaping. The remaining excavated soil and stones shall be utilized in re-filling of foundation, road works, rising at site level etc Re-using excavated soil and rock also helps to reduce the environmental impact by reducing the likelihood of surface run-off in the event of heavy rains. All solid waste from the proposed material ropeway will be properly collected & stored at designated dumping sites of hydroelectric power plant Temporary stockpiling of contaminated soils or hazardous material shall be avoided. If stockpiling, is necessary covering of stockpile with plastic sheets or traps, installing a berm around the stockpile to prevent runoff from leaving the area will be done. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 90

91 9. During opera phase Soil contamination due to project activities. (Detected or undetected leaks and spills, Iridescent sheens (like oil or diesel) on soil, nonnatural materials and wastes.) 10. During operation phase the load of the ropeway project can weaken the soil of the site & can lead to landslides in the area. Impact on Topography 11. Development of terminal stations & intermediate towers will result in change in topography & contours. 12. Storm water falling continuously near the pillars, towers, etc. may erode the soil, weaken the rocks, and lead to instability of the structures. The surface drainage pattern of the area may get changed or blocked due to the construction of terminal stations & line towers, which when diverted to other sites could lead to erosion of banks & threatens the existence of trees & vegetation on the hill slopes. 13. The runoff from the construction sites will have natural tendency to flow towards Chanju nallah. Possibility of increased sediment levels may lead to reduction in light penetration which in turn could reduce the photosynthetic activity to some extent of the aquatic plants. Stockpile in or near storm drains or watercourses shall not be done. As it is Material ropeway project, storage of material will be there after unloading the material. Removal of contaminated material and hazardous material on exteriors of transport vehicles shall be practiced. Collection of water from decontamination procedures and treatment or disposal at an appropriate disposal site shall be followed. All treatment and disposal options shall comply with all relevant guidelines and legislation. The ropeway development has been done after getting the geo technical study of the area done. As per the geotechnical report of the project. The soils are invariable course grained and are of high shear strength. Construction activities will be planned such that minimum impact on topography & contour shall occur. However, impact will be confined to limited area which will be very small. Manual level difference will be maintained for the natural flow of drainage. Garland drains will be proposed around the pillars/towers to ensure the proper drainage of the storm water and to prevent disturbance to the drainage pattern of the area & hence protecting the erosion of banks & loss of vegetation. At terminal stations, proper channelization of rainwater will be done. The collected water will be stored in the tank provided at each terminal. Proper channelization shall be done at the terminal stations in order to avoid the flow of runoff from the construction sites towards Chanju Nallah. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 91

92 Other Impacts 14. Trees and vegetation are vital to the sole integrity of the hilly areas & mountain ranges. Loss of trees may result in increased potential of landslides in the area. 15. Construction activities includes blasting& other activities that may result in modification of natural slopes, loading of critical slopes and withdrawal to toe support promoting vulnerability of critical slopes. Landslides may be contained by: 1) Ditches at the base of the rock exposure, 2) Heavy-duty fences, and 3) Concrete catch walls that slow errant boulders that have broken free from the rock outcrop. Man Made occurrences: 5.38 ha of forest land shall be diverted to construct the ropeway. The activity shall be carried out as per the guidelines of the Forest (Conservation) Act, Compensatory afforestation shall be done for 493 no. of trees which shall be cut. No blasting shall be done. Only manual cutting or drilling shall be done, that too, by following control measures for vibration so as to avoid any chances of landslides & its consequences. 4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT As the data interpreted in Section 3.4 of Chapter-3, the concentration of PM 10, PM2.5, SO2& NOX are very well within the prescribed standards of NAAQS of all locations and as the Ropeway operation is considered to be an environment friendly non-polluting transport system, some of the anticipated impacts & their mitigation measures are given in Table 4-2: TABLE 4-2:IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AIR ENVIRONMENT S.No. Anticipated Impacts 1. During the construction activities for the proposed terminal stations there will be fugitive emission such as particulate emission, etc. 2. Transportation of construction Mitigation Measures The construction activities for the proposed terminal stations will be in limited areas and thus the particulate emissions will be minimal and short term in nature. Construction material shall be stored inside the project boundary and shall be covered with the tarpaulin/ cloth cover. Terminal stations under construction shall be covered with the green cloth. Provision for sprinkling water will be made to reduce dust emissions during the construction phase. Trucks/other vehicles bringing/taking away the construction material at site shall be fully Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 92

93 material will lead to dust emission and vehicular emission during construction and operation phase. 3. Drilling and manual stone cutting is adopted in place of blasting for rock cutting & excavation, hence dust generation will occur. 4. Dust will be generated during the construction of line towers. 5. The impact of other pollutants such as SO2, NOx and CO will be caused due to diesel-operated mechanical equipment. 6. Emissions from the operation of D.G. Set (7 x 35 kva, 2 x 40 kva & 2 x 30 kva & 2x50 kva) covered to avoid the dust emission and shall have valid copy of Pollution Under Check (PUC) Certificate and their records shall be maintained at site. Wet jet system shall be used for the stone cutting to avoid the emission from the dry stone cutting. JCB dust collectors will be used for collection of the dust generated due to drilling. Rest, sprinkling shall be followed. For the construction of line towers, the generation of the dust will be low as compared to the construction of terminal stations. Moreover, the dust generated during the construction phase will be considerably reduced due to localized meteorological conditions. As discussed in above two points, water sprinkling shall be done. The impact of pollutants such as SO2, NOx and CO mainly released from mechanical driven equipment is very negligible and of short term duration. Moreover, all plants shall be operated and maintained in such a manner so as to minimize the emissions of hydrocarbons and particulate. DG set (7 x 35 kva, 2 x 40 kva & 2 x 30 kva & 2x50 kva) shall be installed with adequate stack height as per CPCB norms to avoid concentration of emissions on ground. DG sets during operation phase shall be used only in case of power failure. 4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT Main source of fresh water will be Chanju Nallah (Spring water). As per the water quality results discussed Section 3.5 in Chapter-3, the water results of all the sources collected are within the drinking water standards. Chanju Nala flows near the project site. No deterioration in water quality is envisaged in these streams due to the project activity. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 93

94 However, the major impacts on water quality of the area and mitigation measures are discussed in Table 4-3. TABLE 4-3:IMPACTS& MITIGATION MEASURE FOR WATER QUALITY S.No. Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. During Construction phase due to removal of vegetation, the water retention capacity of soil shall be decreased. Hence, there will be decrease in yield of the springs flowing nearby. 2. Deterioration in water quality of the springs flowing nearby due to 5 KLD of waste water generation during the construction phase due to labors & construction activities. 3. During Construction phase Impact on water bodies can occur due to improper storage and construction materials & disposal of construction waste. However, the impact will be short term in nature. 4. During Operation phase runoff shall also be generated from the site during rainy season. 5. Deterioration in water quality of the springs flowing nearby during transportation of construction material through buckets used in ropeway during operation phase. During monsoon period, construction of ropeway shall not be done, so that a temporary phase can be provided for recharging of the water in springs. Moreover, vegetation shall be done in nearby patches wherever possible. 8 KLD of water will be required during construction phase for domestic, flushing, sprinkling & other construction purposes which shall be fulfilled from Chanju Nallah (Spring water). Temporary toilets shall be provided during construction phase for the staff and labours at each pillar proposed. Waste water generated will be discharged to septic tank followed by soak pit at each pillar proposed. Proper storage facilities will be maintained for construction materials, construction waste and diesel. Construction waste generated during ropeway construction shall be disposed off at dumping sites (proposed for HEP plant). Embankment shall be provided at all dumping sites so that it doesn t come in direct contact of any water body. Garland drains are proposed around the pillars/towers and along the road side to ensure the proper drainage of the storm water and to prevent disturbance to the drainage pattern of the area. Closed container shall be used for transportation of the construction material like HDPE bags shall be used for sands, Oil containers shall be air tight close container, Machinery shall be tied to buckets etc. Leaking or deteriorated containers used for construction material should be removed and ensured that such contents are transferred to Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 94

95 a sound container 6. During Operation phase spillage due to storage of Oil containers, lubricants and diesel. 7. Deterioration in water quality of the due to 3.8 KLD of waste water generated during the operation phase due to activities like domestic, flushing and miscellaneous activities. Pucca floor like of concrete shall be provided in the stock yard. Containment such as proper slopes connected with the sump shall be provided in the stock yard where the storage of Oil containers, lubricants and diesel shall be done, so that during spillage if any occurs, the spill can be collected and disposed off properly before spill comes to direct contact of any water body. In case of spills / leaks, dry adsorbents/cotton should be used for cleaning instead of water During operation phase, total water requirement is 5.0 KLD which is used for Drinking, Flushing, and miscellaneous purpose which shall be fulfilled from Chanju Nallah (Spring water). Temporary toilets made during construction phase for the staff and labours at each pillar of the project will remain in use during operation phase as well. No waste water shall be disposed in to these springs. The waste water shall be disposed off to septic tank followed by soak pit provided at each pillar proposed. 4.4 NOISE & VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT As per the Noise quality (Section 3.6) study given in Chapter-3, noise level at project site is slightly higher than the standard of Residential area due to high speed of wind at high altitude during both day and night time. In the proposed project, background noise level is high due to the flowing water of Chanju Nallah. Other anticipated impacts & mitigation measures are discussed in Table 4-4. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 95

96 TABLE 4-4: IMPACTS & MITIGATION FOR NOISE & VIBRATIONS S. Anticipated Impact No. 1 During Construction phase generation of noise and vibration due to operation of construction equipment and machineries. 2 During Construction phase noise and vibration due to construction of foundation work and welding work for erection of towers. 3 During Construction phase vibration produced due to the rock drilling for the foundation of towers. 4 During Construction phase noise generated due to transportation of raw/construction materials i.e. from dumpers, trucks and other vehicles 5 During Construction phase noise and vibration due to the operation of D.G. sets. 6 During Operation phase, due to mechanical equipment used for ropeway operation 7 Due to operation of D.G. sets of capacity 7 x 35 kva, 2 x 40 kva & 2 x 30 kva & 2x50 kva. 8 During Operation phase the Vibration will increase at higher wind speed due to friction from the hanging buckets and ropes. 9 During Operation phase due to loading and unloading of construction materials for HEP Mitigation Measure Machines having low noise levels will be deployed so that minimum levels of noise & vibrations are produced during the construction work. Equipment & machines will have antivibration mountings, vibration- damped panels. Manual drilling, excavation & breaking of rocks will be done so that minimum noise level is generated due to these activities. Regular and proper maintenance of noise generating machinery including the transport vehicles will be carried out. Regular checking of silencers and maintenance of vehicles will be done; transportation of construction materials will be restricted during day time. Vehicles will be PUC certified. No honking will be allowed. Special acoustic enclosures will be provided for individual noise generating construction equipment including D.G. set. Special acoustic enclosures may be provided by the means of noise shields. Workers exposed to high noise level will be provided with personal protective equipment like ear plugs/ ear muffs. OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) for noise exposure will be followed. Regular maintenance of ropeway equipment will be done. Equipment generating noise will be provided with noise shield. D.G. set will be installed and acoustically enclosed provided with vibration dampers and doors will have double walled insulation and air intake and exhaust silencers will be proposed for DG sets to prevent leakage of sound. Operation of aerial ropeway will be stopped when the wind speed exceeds permissible limits beyond the standards laid down as per Indian standard i.e. 150 km/hr. Construction materials like concrete etc. will be packed in a jute bag so that minimal noise is produced while its loading and unloading. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 96

97 10 During Operation phase due to movement of buckets carrying material for construction of HEP. Plantation will be carried out along the terminal stations to reduce noise level Rope used for the movement of cable cars will be as per the norms of ropeway engineering practices & standard. The rope used will be properly galvanized and lubricated to produce minimum noise. Vibration pads and sand cushions shall be provided at locations near noise generating sources. Normally, the noise and vibration in any cable ropeway occurs at the transfer point where the cable car comes in contact with rail mounted at the terminals. Therefore, it would be ensuring that the alignment at the transfer points are regularly checked and maintained and also suitably lubricated from time to time. 4.5 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE The anticipated impacts & mitigation measures during construction as well as operation phase are given in Table 4-5. TABLE 4-5: IMPACTS & MITGATION FOR SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE S.No. Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. The solid waste during construction phase will be mainly site clearance, Other construction materials (waste Waste generated during the construction phase will be re-used for backfilling and floor/ road compacting. timber work, spent concrete and cement screening and material and equipment wrappings), garbage/ biodegradable waste. During operation phase, 11 kg/ day waste will be generated which includes both biodegradable and recyclable waste. Impact from solid waste may arise owing to the dumping of construction debris in to or near water courses or on land ultimately causing environmental deterioration, increase in transportation and disposal cost. 2. Excavation during pillar foundations will lead to generation of solid waste. 8 kg/day biodegradable waste will be generated which will be disposed to Composting site. 3 kg/day of recyclable waste will be generated which will be given to approved recycler. No disposal of the waste on land and to the streams/rivers will be done. During operation phase, proper Collection bins will be provided at each terminal stations of the ropeway to avoid spread of waste on land or in any water courses. Excavated stones will be used at the sides of the road as tie back or restrained wall. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 97

98 3. Storage of Diesel & Used oil The used oil generated from D.G sets and other machineries will be stored in leak proof containers in the storage yard. The storage yard will be hard paved along with containments and will be sent to registered recyclers for hazardous waste authorized by CPCB. 4. Spillage of Oil & Chemicals Chemicals & oils shall be transported in closed containers 5. C&D waste generation The C&D waste generated shall be dumped in the dump yard provided within the site. 4.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The Flora & Fauna of the core zone & buffer zone is given in Section 4.10 of the EIA report. The project falls under forest land and there is no eco-sensitive area within 15 km of the project site. The impacts & mitigations for the Ecological Environment are given in Table 4-6. TABLE 4-6: IMPACTS & MITIGATION FOR ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT S.No. Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Since, the project area falls under forest land thus 493 trees will fall within the corridor and diversion of this land is needed for the construction of ropeways. 2. Dust is expected to be generated during construction activities which may settle on the foliage of trees and plants, thereby reduction in their photosynthetic activity. 3. Human-Animal Conflict may arise due to increased human interferences and increased construction activities which may lead to fragmentation of wildlife habitat and blocking of migratory paths/corriodrs. The forest approval has already been applied for diversion of forest land (5.38 ha.) falling within the project site. 493 trees will be required to cut for the construction of terminal for which compensatory afforestation shall be done in the ratio of 1:10. The cutting of trees will be carried out by Forest Department. The impact on the flora is expected up to maximum of 50 to 100 m from the source. Thus, significant impact is not expected on forest area. However, to reduce dust generation water sprinkling will be carried out at regular intervals. Runoff collected from the site through embankments and drains will be used for sprinkling. Disturbances caused due to construction activities are temporary. No construction activities will be allowed during night-time in order to avoid human-animal conflict as the area is a forest area. Moreover, proper noise control measures shall be adopted during construction phase to ensure minimum or no disturbance to the fauna of the area Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 98

99 4. Potential impacts of project operation on ecology include increased noise and disturbance from the operation of the cable car including maintenance, glare/lighting impact of structures (towers and cables) on bird species. 5. Impact on aquatic fauna due to runoff from the site or discharge of any sewage from the site. 6. Impact on aquatic fauna due to drying of spring water due to the construction or operation of project. Although Ropeway is an Environment Friendly & Noise free mode of transportation, efforts will be made to ensure minimum or no disturbance to the ecology of the area. Also, the terrain of the path is very difficult thus, only mode of transportation of construction materials for the construction of 30 MW HEP will be this ropeway only. Thus, noise generation due to transportation will be minimum. Proper embankment will be provided at all dumping or storage sites according to the drainage pattern so that no run-off is allowed to deteriorate the quality of Chanju-Nallah (Spring Water). Also, proper septic tank for treatment of sewage is proposed at the toilets facility. Thus, no sewage will be allowed to discharge any sewage from the site. Thus, no impact is envisaged on phytoplankton or macro-benthic life. The proposed project is temporary in nature as the ropeway structure will be removed after the construction of HEP is completed. Thereafter, the land area will be restored The pillars will be again backfilled and proper plantation of trees will be again done in order to restore the fertility of the area. Thus, drying of spring water is not envisaged due to the construction or operation of project. 7. Habitat fragmentation The alignment has been selected by keeping in sight that no infringement to habitation will be caused. No migratory route has been observed at sections of this alignment. 4.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH The project is for construction of material ropeway which will be used for supply of construction material from one side of Chanju Nallah to other (where hydroelectric power plant will be installed). Although the project will have positive impacts for the local people, & the state as discussed in chapter 9, and also in Table 4-7. TABLE 4-7: IMPACT & MITIGATION FOR SOCIO- ECONOMIC SCENARIO S.No. Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Affects of project on the Socio- Economic Scenario of the area The ropway will be used for the construction of hydroelectric power plant proposed in the area. By the introduction of hydroelectric power plant, Additional electricity will be generated in the state, additional avenue for revenue generation Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 99

100 2. Employment opportunity during construction and operation of ropeway & Power Plant. 3. Effects of Proposed Aerial Ropeway on the locals. 4. Increase in source of income of existing population. will take place. Moreover, there will be requirement of nonskilled, semiskilled & skilled personnel during the construction and operation phase of the ropeway as well as hydroelectric power plant, for which the affected (w.r.t. employment) people shall be engaged depending upon their capability. Due to operation of ropeway and power plant more economic activity will start thus leading to direct & indirect income for locals. Influx of more population will lead to more requirement of lodging facilities, food outlets, car & other shops, maintenance area and other related shops Positive Impacts due to Installation of Ropeway are: I. There will be no displacement or immigration of the human population due to the proposed project. II. Since the ropeway would travel aerially, land for only tower locations is being used. Therefore, with proposed pollution control measures, no significant impact is expected on the surrounding community. III. Heavy material can easily be transported through the ropeway. IV. Infrastructure development will took place in the area. V. Considering more than half population is based on monsoon-based farming, a positive impact is anticipated due to increased employment opportunities. VI. The jobs from which local community can be benefited, will be Medical services Routine repair &Maintenance services Security services VII. Parking &Traffic management Impact on the health of workers Construction works may have certain impacts on the workers on site which is discussed in Table 4-8. TABLE 4-8: IMPACTS ON HEALTH OF WORKERS & THEIR MITIGATION S.NO. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS 1. Some suspended particulate matters will be released during construction MITIGATION MEASURES Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be made mandatory. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 100

101 work that may cause health impacts to the workers. 2. Unhygienic site sanitation facilities can cause damage to environment and to health of the construction workers. Employees shall be provided with hard hats, safety boots, eye and ear protection, and snug fitting gloves as appropriate. Masks and dust-proof clothing shall be provided to personnel working in areas with high dust levels. Hygienic conditions shall be maintained like proper storage facilities for raw material, waste material; proper disposal of waste water, etc. Children and pregnant women shall not be allowed to work under any circumstances. Construction work will be done only day time and during non-rainy days. Well-equipped first aid facility shall be provided at site for their regular medical checkups. 4.8 INFLUX OF PEOPLE & ASSOCIATED DEVELOPMENTS AND TRAFFIC INCREMENT There may be no such impact of traffic during the construction phase, however, the probable impacts associated with increase in traffic during the operation phase are mentioned in Table 4-9: TABLE 4-9:IMPACTS & MITIGATION FOR INFLUX OF PEOPLE & ASSOCIATED DEVELOPMENTS S.No. Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Increase in vehicles at loading station which will result in congestion in the existing PWD road due to parking of vehicles. 2. The hilly area presents many transportation challenges that sometimes are difficult to address using conventional public transit modes. 3. Affects of Proposed Aerial Ropeway on the locals. Adequate space at loading station has been designated for the planned parking. Hence there will be negligible impact due to parking of vehicle along the road side. These kinds of transportation problems shall be addressed using Aerial Ropeway Transit system. Since this mode can have fairly straight lines between any two locations without relying on the topography or area network layout. The Proposed ropeway is for transportation of construction material from one side of Chanju Nalah to other side where construction of hydroelectric power plant will be constructed. No road or rail transport will be constructed. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 101

102 I. Traffic Analysis: PWD Road, 2 Lane, two ways -3 Meters PWD ROAD Parameter Existing Proposed WIDTH (m) Carrying Capacity (PCU/ Hr) Traffic (PCU/Hr) 29 2 LOS 0.37 i. e Cat B 0.40 i. e Cat B Hence it is concluded that since carrying capacity of road (PWD road) is much higher than proposed traffic volume. Therefore, the traffic to & form of proposed, project will not create any traffic congestion. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 102

103 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OFALTERNATIVES (SITE & TECHNOLOGY) 5.1 ALTERNATIVE ROUTES ASSESSED Alternative routes were assessed for installation of the proposed ropeway and below mentioned location were selected for the 5 no. of ropeways and 1 longitudnal ropeways. These are the most suitable locations as required for the transportation of material for Power plant and minimum use of forest land. Alternative I: i) Cross Ropeways: Detail of ropeways for Deothal Chanju HEP (30 MW) Ropeway DR1, DR2, DR3 & DR4- Max Payload 2 MT Ropeway DR5- Max Payload 3 MT S Description Span in plan Load carrying No. capacity 1. Ropeway 1 (DR1) m 2 MT 2. Ropeway 2 (DR2) m 2 MT 3. Ropeway 3 (DR3) m 2 MT 4. Ropeway 4 (DR4) m 2 MT 5. Ropeway 5 (DR5) m 3 MT ii) Longitudnal Ropeways: Ropeways for Deothal Chanju HEP (30 MW)- Connecting all the take off points up to Ropeway Section I to Section V- Max Payload 2 MT Ropeway Section VI- Max Payload 3 MT Load S Description Between Span in Plan Capacity No. From To Unloading Trench Wire Loading 1. Section - I DR M 2.0 Mt Carrying 2. Section II Loading DR1 Loading DR M 2.0 Mt 3. Section III Loading DR2 4. Section IV Loading DR3 5. Section V Loading DR4 Loading DR5 6. Section - VI Loading DR M 2.0 Mt Loading DR M 2.0 Mt Loading DR M 2.0 Mt Road Head M 3.0 Mt Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 103

104 Option Alternate-IA: Ropeways for Deothal Chanju HEP (30 MW) connecting all the take off points up to trench weir (right bank of river) and Road head take off point. S. No Description Take up point Load carrying capacity From To 1. Section-I Trench Weir DR4 3.0 MT 2. Section-II DR4 Road Head 4.5 MT Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 104

105 Alternative II: Ropeways for Deothal Chanju HEP (30 MW)-Connecting all the Adit Points up to Trench Weir (Left Bank of River) S. No Despcription Between Load Carrying Capacity From 1 Section -A Loading Trench Weir 2 Section-B Loading DR1 3 Section-C Loading DR2 4 Section-D Loading DR3 5 Section-E Loading DR4 To Unloading DR1 Unloading DR2 Unloading DR3 Unloading DR4 Unloading DR5 3.0 MT 3.0 MT 3.0 MT 3.0 MT 3.0 MT Figure 5-1: Selected Alignment 5.2 SELECTED ALIGNMENT While considering the alignment, following approach & methodology has been adopted for selecting the most favourable alignment: 1. Availability of adequate space for proposed terminals i.e. Lower and upper Terminal 2. Easy land acquisition 3. Minimum Possible infringement. 4. Should be feasible for selection of ropeway system matching with traffic and construction point of view. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 105

106 5. Easy connectivity to Lower terminal and Upper terminal point of ropeway station from adjacent area. 6. Minimum rehabilitation and tree cutting. 7. Easy material handling at all the terminal station. Alternative I is technically viable and most suitable hence Alternative I is selected Merits of the selected Alignment: The alignment for the proposed ropeway project was selected based on the following guidelines: I. Availability of adequate space for proposed terminal stations; II. Low density of forest cover thereby reducing number of trees to be felled; III. Major points / locations to be connected along the route; IV. Minimum possible infringement with the environment; V. No rehabilitation or relocation involved VI. Stability of the location vis-à-vis geology; and VII. Financial feasibility of constructing terminal stations. VIII. Minimum numbers of trees are required to be cut. 5.3 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ASSESSED Aerial ropeway is one of the means of transport system that was adopted for transportation of men and material from one place to another, especially across difficult zone like crossing of rivers, gorge, etc. by means of carriers supported and pulled by rope. Research revealed that Chinese used ropeways as early as 300 BC where an old Chinese ink drawing dating as back as around 300 BC shows people are seen getting transported over rivers and canyons by means of hemp ropes and straw baskets. Over the years in the past, Ropeways have been used commercially in bigger scale. There have been research and developments over the years, and today ropeway is not only a very safe and reliable mode of transport, but also an environment friendly one as it does not have negative impacts from emission and ecology points of view because of its reliability, ease of installation & operation, and environment friendly aspects. Ropeways are being widely used as a very effective means of transporting passengers in mountain regions, ski-resorts and tourism purposes. At the same time, ropeway system has been highly developed for Industrial usages for transportation of materials over long distances where other conventional means cannot be Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 106

107 used due to inaccessible terrain, high investments for construction of access roads or railways. Material ropeways transport high loads of raw materials, merchandise and construction materials and are capable There are various types of ropeway technologies which are described below: Proposed Ropeway Bi-cable Ropeway In Bi-Cable ropeways, there is one (or more) carrying rop(s) along which the vehicle rolls by means of its carriage and one (or more) haulage rope(s) which propel the vehicles. Classification depending upon type of Movement Under this category of classification, ropeway system can be classified asi) To & Fro Motion ii) Circulating operation iii) Pulsating Ropeways i) To & Fro Motion (Jig-Back): In this type of ropeways, the vehicle oscillates To & Fro between stations on the same track by inverting the hauling ropes direction of motion. ii) Circulating Operation: In circulating operation ropeways, the vehicles are propelled by constant intermittent running ropes. Up & Down transportation takes place in different tracks. The circulating ropeways can be further subdivided into - iii) Pulsating Ropeways: i. Fixed Grip Installations: Where the carriers are permanently attached to the haulage or Carrying-hauling rope is called Fixed Grip type ropeway. ii. Detachable installations: In case of detachable ropeways, the grip of carriers is detached and re-attached in the stations. Schematic of Pulsating Ropeway This type of ropeway the speed of the rope can be varied. It can go up to a definite speed but when the vehicles approach station, vehicle speed is reduced and finally it comes to a halt. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 107

108 This is generally used for transportation of passengers in amusement parks. During deboarding and boarding, all other vehicles are stationery in line. On the basis of the movement, Jig-Back is selected. However, for the purpose of material transportation, the following types of Ropeway System are in use: a. Continuously Moving Mono-Cable Ropeway with Fixed Grip b. Continuously Moving Mono-Cable Ropeway with Detachable Grip c. Continuously Moving Bi-Cable Ropeway with Detachable Grip d. Double track Bicable System For the purpose of material transportation, Continuously Moving Bi-Cable Ropeway with Detacable Grip and Double track Bicable system are selected. a. Continuously Moving Mono-Cable Ropeway with Fixed Grip: In this system a single endless rope supported on intermediate tower sheaves serves the dual purpose of carrying as well as hauling a carrier suspended on it from one place to the other. The carriers are suspended from the rope and clipped to it by the gravity force arising out of its own weight as also weight of material. When driven, the carrier moves with the rope from one point to the other. At the stations the carriers are automatically detached from the moving rope to facilitate loading / unloading operation. Advantages: Low capital investment Simple in construction, operation and maintance. Skilled operative personnel are not required. Limited number of equipments/moving parts. Hence low operation cost. Disadvantages: Limited transport capacity. High rate of transportation is not possible. Cannot negotiate steep gradient. Since the carries are clipped to the rope by gravity force only, possibility of slippages while negotiating a gradient. In high. Hence generally unsuitable for a hullly terrain. Large span between supports are not possible. Hence capability of negotiating a gorge/valley is limited. Maintence of large number of towers and tower mechanicals. High speed is not possible. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 108

109 CONVENTIONAL MONOCABLE SYSTEM b. Continuously Moving Mono-Cable Ropeway with Detachable Grip: This system is a development in a material Ropeway system. Operating principal is same as conventional monocable. Only difference is that a special grip with the carriers are used which remain firmly attached by some external forces provided through a pair of special spring in addition to gravity forces. when the carrier approaches or leaves a station, it passes over a special device where the grip automatically detaches itself from the continuously moving rope and moves on fixed structure and the chair/ cabin speed is reduced. At the time of leaving the station, the carrier catches n to the continuously moving rope and while passing though a device installed at the stations, the grip is automatically coupled to the moving rope. This type of ropeway can go up to a speed of 6 mps (however, in India the maximum permissible speed is 4 mps). Advantages: Can negotiate steep gradient Can follow the natural ground terrain eliminating the need of tall towers while negotiationg a gorge/valley. Hence ideally suitable for a hilly terrain Low capital expenses copared to Bicable system Simple in construction, operation and maintance Disadvantages: Cannot have high transport capacity. Installation and operation costs are higher than conventional system. Large span between towers not possible. Hence maintaince of many towers and tower mechanicals High speed not possible Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 109

110 DETACHABLE SYSTEM c. Continuously Moving Bi-Cable Ropeway with Detachable Grip: In bicable system, there is tensioned stationery Track Ropes both on Load and empty side and a second endless rope attached to each carrier. The carriers are suspended from the Track Ropes at intervals which carry their weight. The Haul Rope is firmly attached to the carrier and when driven, move the carriers from one point to the other. The Bicable system, because of special locked coil type Track Ropes and more complicated carriages are always more expensive than a Monocable System. This type of ropeway can go up to a speed of 10 mps on track rope and 7.5 mps over line supports i.e. saddles on line trestles as when the cabin reaches station, it detaches itself from the continuously moving hauling rope and moves on fixed structure and the cabin speed is reduced to crawling speed. This type is very costly and requires maximum mechanicals in stations. With this type system longer unsupported span is possible. Advantages: Large Single span possible. High transport capacity and speed. Less number of moving parts. Disdvantages: High capital investment System being sophisticated requires qualified operational & maintenance staff. BICABLE SYSTEM Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 110

111 d. Double Track Bicable System: In double track bicable system, there is tensioned stationery 2 (two) Track Ropes both on Load and empty side and a second endless rope attached to each carrier. The carriers are suspended from the Track Ropes at intervals which carry their weight. The Haul Rope is firmly attached to the carrier and when driven, move the carriers from one point to the other. The Double Track Bicable System, because of numbers of special locked coil type Track Ropes and more complicated carriages are always more expensive than a Monocable and a Bicable System. Advantages: Large Single span possible. Very High transport capacity and speed. Less number of moving parts. Disdvantages: High capital investment System being sophisticated requires qualified operational & maintenance staff. 5.4 PROPOSED ROPEWAY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Based on the detailed analysis of relative advantages and disadvantages of different ropeway systems and bearing in mind the length and the terrain for the hourly capacity, 5 no. of Bicable ropeway and one twin track bi-cable ropeway is proposed to be installed which is most suitable system for material ropeway on the basis of the following merits: i. Depending on the operating capacity requirement, the recommended Ropeways can be conveniently achieved ii. Ropeway System can easily and conveniently negotiate the terrain, the steep gradient and long span across deep valleys & gorges, Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 111

112 iii. The mechanical components involved in the installation is not much, therefore, it is easy to operation and maintain. iv. The system does not demand highly skilled or experienced work force to operate and maintenance since human capacity is a challenge in the region. The objective of HPPCL is to use the ropeway is for transportation of Construction materials from road side to the work Site on the other side of the loading station over the river. The straight path encountered most hostile terrain with steep gradient with deep and wide gorges and valleys and much more inaccessible. The following points are kept in mind while designing the ropeway: 1. The ropeway shall be suitable for carrying construction materials e.g. cement, astragals, sand, reinforcement bar, components, and concrete mixing machine in dismantled condition. 2. Material to be loaded and unloaded at the terminal stations only. 3. The ropeway will be driven by electric motor through suitable control drive system. 4. Minimum no. of rope supporting trestle to be considered. Since the ropeway profile for almost all cases are crossing Nallah or small stream it is preferred to avoid trestle in between 5. Since the ropeway profile is across a Nallah or stream there is possibility of high wind velocity SYSTEM WORKING DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ROPEWAY Twin Track Bi-cable Jig Back Ropeway It is proposed to be a twin track bi-cable jig back ropeway with single hauling rope. There shall be two nos. track rope running from Loading Station to Unloading station. There could be one or two trestles to support the track rope. However, for almost all the ropeways there will be no intermediate trestle. Both track ropes will be anchored positively to anchor bracket/ frame on foundation. The track ropes will pass over the saddles mounted on station structure. To the Lower station the rope is anchored through mechanical tensioning device and then to anchor bracket on the foundation. The track ropes are tensioned for the recommended tension and done in such a way that they are parallel throughout. An endless hauling rope runs all along the center of the track ropes and below it. The hauling rope is clamped to the carriage to give the required motion. Hauling rope is given the required tensions by weighted type gravity tension in tension tower. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 112

113 Ropeway main drive comprises of main electric AC motor with VVVF drive and a helical gearbox coupled to the drive sheave shaft. There are two nos. of brake provided in the drive. One on the gearbox input shaft and the other is on the drive sheave. The electric motor drive is controlled by VVVF drive that adjusts the demand of power and maintains a constant speed. For a condition when the system is regenerative the drive dissipates the energy through thermal dissipater and maintains the constant speed. Acceleration and deceleration of the ropeway is to be controlled by the electric drive system. The ropeway drive mechanicals comprise of suitable diameter drive sheave made out of good quality cast iron / cast steel / steel fabrication as per design requirement. The drive sheave rope groove shall have suitable machined groove with or with out liner as per design and life requirement. A lined groove will give longer life to rope and drive. This sheave is mounted on machined steel shaft and supported in antifriction bearing housing. The end of shaft will be fitted with geared coupling and is then coupled to a rugged helical gearbox of size to suit the drive requirement. Suitable size AC squirrel cage induction motor is coupled to the input shaft of the gearbox through flexible / resilient type coupling with a provision of brake drum for external braking by thrustor brake. Additional disc brake of suitable size and capacity to be fitted to the other side of drive sheave shaft. This will act as emergency / parking brake. Deflection sheaves are used to guide the rope from drive or return sheave to the line sheave at station front Bi-cable Jig Back Ropeway In Bicable jig back system in place of two track ropes only one-track rope will be there, rest will remain same as above SYSTEM WORKING DESCRIPTION OF LOADING & UNLOADING STATION Loading Station The Loading Station is a ground level structure. The operation of this station will be as follows: An empty Trolley approaching the station will be automatically slowed down by the VVVF controlled drive and will stop at a predetermined location. Now, if this is an empty trolley Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 113

114 material can be loaded with care. The trolley to be anchored after it is lowered to the station. load the materials and place them properly so that the loading is uniform and does not make eccentric loading. Tie tem properly with the trolley frame by manila rope. Raise the trolley to about 450 mm above the station floor so that it does foul with the floor. Lock the lifting device properly. Check the center of gravity is balanced so that the trolley is horizontal. Before starting the ropeway Clear anchor and any other obstruction in the way of trolley movement. Ropeway drive will be located at Upper Station. The main motor, gearbox, other transmission machinery including control panel will be located here. The main drive will have option to drive from power from DG set. The ropeway will operate in forward direction to lift material to upper station. When operating in reverse direction it will lower the trolley to lower station. The haulage rope will be made endless by splicing and will return from the return station. The rope tension will be provided at lower station. Haulage rope will have weighted tension whereas the track rope will have fixed tension by screw mechanism. Since the land between the Lower station and Upper station is a very rough terrain intermediate trestle has been avoided as far as possible. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 114

115 Unloading Station The Unloading Station is an elevated / ground structure. The operation of the station is as follows: A loaded trolley on arriving at the station entrance to be stopped for unloading of material. The ropeway stops automatically at a pre-determined position in the station. Check that the brake is engaged before working in the trolley for unloading. By the help of the lifting mechanism provided in the carriage assembly lower the trolley on the station floor. Anchor the trolley by suitable chain and hook so that the trolley does not move while the unloading is being done. Now bring the Hydra or other Lifting machine to suit the load. In case the materials can be manually unloaded the same can be done. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 115

116 After unloading clean the trolley and then load with materials that is planned to be lowered to lower station, if any. Two nos. manual Chain pulley blocks of suitable capacity are fitted to the bottom hooking points on either side of the carriage. The trolley to be raised by means of the lifting device in the carriage so that it clears the floor while making the return journey. It is necessary to align and level the trolley by suitable adjustment and the hoist to be locked. At the return station there is a return sheave same as drive sheave mounted on tension trolley. This tension trolley moves on rail to provide the to and fro motion for the tensioning of the haulage rope. To other side of the tension trolley the tension rope is attached and it passes over the sheaves on tension tower and connected to counter weight. Adequate rope tension is provided by this gravity type tensioning arrangement. The track rope is tensioned by means of tension screw. This system is required to align the two track ropes for similar catenary. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 116

117 5.4.3 PROPOSED ROPEWAY DESIGN CALCULATIONS Alternative 1: Deothal Chanju HEP 30 MW 1. Ropeway 1 (DR1): ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 1800 Load (Materials) Kg 3000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 22 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.98 Applied Tension Te 4.5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 314 F O S Haulage rope 4.41 Track rope Dia. mm 34 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 6.48 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 1100 Track rope appl. Tension Te 29.5 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 110 Travel time sec Ropeway 2 (DR2): ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 1800 Load (Materials) Kg 3000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 22 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.98 Applied Tension Te 4.5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 314 F O S Haulage rope 4.18 Track rope Dia. mm 34 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 6.48 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 1100 Track rope appl. Tension Te 29.5 F O S Track rope 3.8 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 117

118 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 110 Travel time sec Ropeway 3 (DR3): ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 1800 Load (Materials) Kg 3000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 22 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.98 Applied Tension Te 4.5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 314 F O S Haulage rope 4.47 Track rope Dia. mm 34 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 6.48 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 1100 Track rope appl. Tension Te 29.5 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 90 Travel time sec Ropeway 4 (DR4): ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 1800 Load (Materials) Kg 3000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 22 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.98 Applied Tension Te 4.5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 314 F O S Haulage rope 4.34 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 118

119 Track rope Dia. mm 34 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 6.48 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 1100 Track rope appl. Tension Te 29.5 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 110 Travel time sec Ropeway 5 (DR5): ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 2000 Load (Materials) Kg 4500 Haulage rope Dia. mm 25 Wt. Rate Kg/m 2.33 Applied Tension Te 5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 406 F O S Haulage rope 4.36 Track rope Dia. mm 34 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 6.48 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 1100 Track rope appl. Tension Te 29.5 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 150 Travel time sec 623 Alternative 1: Deothal Chanju HEP 30 MW, connecting all take off points: 1. Ropeway Section I ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 119

120 Slope Deg 9.60 Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 800 Load (Materials) Kg 2000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 19 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.35 Applied Tension Te 4.25 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 234 F O S Haulage rope 4.03 Track rope Dia. mm 30 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 5.05 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 858 Track rope appl. Tension Te 23.0 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 60 Travel time sec Ropeway Section II ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg 7.89 Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 800 Load (Materials) Kg 2000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 20 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.49 Applied Tension Te 4.5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 260 F O S Haulage rope 4.40 Track rope Dia. mm 30 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 5.05 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 858 Track rope appl. Tension Te 23.0 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 60 Travel time sec 492 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 120

121 3. Ropeway Section III ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg 5.42 Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 800 Load (Materials) Kg 2000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 20 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.49 Applied Tension Te 5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 260 F O S Haulage rope 4.34 Track rope Dia. mm 30 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 5.05 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 858 Track rope appl. Tension Te 23.0 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 50 Travel time sec Ropeway Section IV ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg 3.25 Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 800 Load (Materials) Kg 2000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 20 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.49 Applied Tension Te 4.25 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 260 F O S Haulage rope 4.59 Track rope Dia. mm 30 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 5.05 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 858 Track rope appl. Tension Te 23.0 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 121

122 Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 60 Travel time sec Ropeway Section V ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg 3.76 Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 800 Load (Materials) Kg 2000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 20 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.49 Applied Tension Te 4.75 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 260 F O S Haulage rope 4.23 Track rope Dia. mm 30 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 5.05 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 858 Track rope appl. Tension Te 23.0 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 60 Travel time sec Ropeway Section VI ITEM UNIT VALUE Horizontal Length M Level difference M Inclined length (Approx) M Slope Deg 6.80 Wt of carriage and trolley (Estimated) Kg 1500 Load (Materials) Kg 3000 Haulage rope Dia. mm 22 Wt. Rate Kg/m 1.98 Applied Tension Te 5 H rope MBL (1960 N/mm² grade) kn 314 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 122

123 F O S Haulage rope 4.50 Track rope Dia. mm 32 Tr Rope wt rate Kg/m 5.74 MBL (1570 N/mm² grade) kn 976 Track rope appl. Tension Te 26.2 F O S Track rope 3.8 CLIMB ANGLE Deg Total pull Kg Speed m/s 2 KW required KW Drive efficiency % 75 Motor required KW Provide Motor KW 75 Travel time sec 745 Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 123

124 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN An Environment Monitoring Plan is prepared for construction as well as the operation phase. It provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to: Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental monitors and provides means of effectively communicating environmental issues among them. Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters. Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management plan, if required, Identify training requirement at various levels. DETAILS OF MONITORING TO JUDGE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL MEASURES To check the efficiency of system with proposed modifications a regular monitoring programme has been drawn. The program has been outlined for construction and operation phase. The details of which are given below: During Construction/Installation Phase: TABLE 6-1ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE During Construction Phase Frequency Sr. No. Type of Monitoring of Monitoring Parameter Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) 1 Ambient Air Quality Six Monthly Particulate Matter (PM 10) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Location Four Locations in and around the project site Cost in Rs. (Annually) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 124

125 2 Stack Monitoring Six Monthly Water Quality Monitoring for drinking water Water Quality Monitoring for Construction purpose Noise Level Monitoring Soil Quality Monitoring Monitoring of waste generation and other pollution control aspects During operation Phase: Six Monthly Six Monthly Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) All parameters mentioned in IS:10500 All parameters mentioned in IS:456 DG sets of capacity 7x35 kva, 2x40 kva, 2x30 kva & 2x50 kva installed for construction purposes One drinking water sample One construction water sample Six Monthly Day and Night noise level Two locations Six Monthly All parameters to check soil Fertility Four Locations in and around the project site Six Monthly Total Sr. No. Type of Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring 1 Ambient Air Quality Annually 2 Stack Monitoring Annually 3 4 Water Quality Monitoring for drinking water Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Annually Annually During Operation Phase Parameter Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), Particulate Matter (PM 10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) All parameters mentioned in IS:10500 Day and Night noise level Location Four Locations in and around the project site DG sets of capacity 7x35 kva, 2x40 kva, 2x30 kva & 2x50 kva installed One drinking water sample Two locations Cost in Rs. (Annually) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 125

126 6 7 8 DG Set Room Noise Monitoring Soil Quality Monitoring Monitoring of Waste Generation and other pollution control aspects Annually Annually Inside and Outside of DG Set Enclosure All parameters to check soil Fertility Four Locations Four Locations in and around the project site Annually Total SUMMARIZED COST ON ENVIRONMENT MONITORING S. No Monitoring (Construction Phase) Six Monthly Amount Annual (In Rs.) Amount Rs.) 1 Air and Stack Monitoring Water Monitoring Noise Monitoring Soil Monitoring (In 5. Solid Waste Generation Monitoring / Record Keeping Total Rs. 83,500/Six Month Rs. 1,67,000/Year S. No Monitoring (Operation Phase) Annual Amount (In Rs.) 1 Air Monitoring Stack Monitoring Water Monitoring Noise Monitoring Soil Monitoring Solid Waste Generation Monitoring / Record Keeping 7 Other Misc. Expenses Total Rs. 2,14,000/Year SUMBISSION OF SIX MONTHLY COMPLIANCES As per the standard environment clearance conditions, six monthly compliances of the conditions mentioned in the EC letter has to be submitted to various concerned officials of MOEF, SPCB and Regional office of CPCB. These compliances have to be submitted in the Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 126

127 months of June and December for the periods April to September and October to March respectively every year for construction phase till the construction is completed and operation phase for the life of the project. ENVIRONMENT AUDIT Annual Environment Audit has to be conducted to check the compliance of environmental conditions. The report shall be submitted to MoEF&CC R.O. and regional Pollution Control Board. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 127

128 CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1 GENERAL There are certain additional studies, which may need to be conducted once project comes to operation. The additional studies covered for the proposed project involves draft EIA report prepared on the basis of TOR granted submitted for Public Hearing, risk assessment (RA), Disaster Management Plan (DMP), Social Impact Assessment in connection with mining and allied operations of the proposed project. It also covers dangers/ risks/ explosions/ accidents etc which are likely to arise from the project operations, including onsite and offsite emergency plans to meet the disastrous situations. 7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION Public hearing is very significant part of the process of public participation envisaged under the guidelines issued by MoEF&CC, Government of India. It facilitates involvement of all the stake holders of the project which is essential for ensuring smooth running of project and benefiting all sections of society in the process of economic development of the region. Draft EIA report is being prepared and submitted for Public Hearing. Points raised by the stakeholders or officers during Public Hearing will be incorporated in EIA report along with its compliance. 7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Risk & Its Assessment Risk is the probability or severity of occurrence of a harmful consequence due to hazards. Hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life health or environment. Disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or distraction loss of life or drastic change in environment. Risk Assessment: Qualitative and quantitative measurement of the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property damage resulting from hazards. Risk assessment involves the following: Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis Risk Analysis Emergency Plan Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 128

129 The main objective of this Risk Assessment (RA) study for the proposed ropeway is to identify the disasters due to natural causes, human caused occurrences & technical failures and to provide risk mitigating measures to reduce associated hazards Hazard Identification Aerial ropeway above chanju nallah may present a number of hazards to the general public, operating and maintenance staff. Ropeway will be liable to suffer from two types of disasters: NATURAL DISASTERS Natural disasters include earthquakes, landslides, rock falls, floods, storms, avalanche, lightening, cloud burst etc. Risk Analysis due to Natural Hazards are discussed in section of this chapter. HUMAN -CAUSED OCCURRENCES Man-made occurrences include: Fire Electrical faults Technical faults like rope with broken wires in service, drive / return sheave shaft failure / tension system failure, mount assembly parts failure, over speeding of ropeway / brake failure, rollback, slippage / fall of cabin, entanglement of cabin, swinging of cabin resulting in falling of cabin, cabin derailment at station etc. Hazard analysis for the Natural &Man-madeDisasters is discussed in the Table 7-1 TABLE 7-1HAZARD ANALYSIS Hazards Severity (1-5) likelihood (1-5) Severity x likelihood (1-25) (Hazards scoring 1-12 are less serious hazards & are very serious hazards & need prior attention) Natural hazard Earthquake Landslides Flood Wind & cyclone Cloud Burst Man-made hazard Fire & explosion Electrical Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 129

130 Technical/ Accident Security Vulnerability Analysis As per the hazards analysis given in Table 7-1, the vulnerable areas during construction phase are mainly the immediate areas under construction. The vulnerability analysis during operation phase is given for natural as well as man-made hazards are shown in Table 7-2 & table 7-3 respectively. TABLE 7-2VULNERABLE LOCATIONS/ AREAS FOR NATURAL HAZARDS Hazard Earthquake Landslides Wind & cyclone Cloud Burst Vulnerability Damage to Towers, trolleys Damage to Towers. There are very moderate chances of wind & cyclone; this can cause damage to cable car. Cloud burst can cause soil erosion, landslides and flooding on project site. It can cause damage to towers. TABLE 7-3VULNERABLE LOCATIONS OF DIFFERENT MAN-MADE HAZARDS Hazard Fire Mechanical/ Accident Vulnerable Locations Trolleys, Terminal Stations, Control Room Trolleys, Ropes, Terminal Stations, Ropeway Towers Risk Analysis Environmentally Induced Risks and Hazards Natural Calamity Hazard Profile Hazard profile map of India (published by Home Ministry of India as a part of document Disaster Management Plan in India ) is depicted in figure 7-1. The region having project site is prone to following Hazards: Earthquake Landslides Flooding Wind & Cyclone Cloud Burst Above findings are supported by profile map of India for earthquake, Landslides flooding and wind & cyclone as depicted in Fig. 7-1: Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 130

131 FIGURE 7-1NATURAL CALAMITY HAZARD PROFILE OF INDIA Seismicity As per fig. 7-2, the project site is located in chamba district which falls in seismic zone V which indicates very high damage risk zone. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 131

132 FIGURE 7-2SEISMIC MAP OF (SOURCE: NDRRP) Landslides According to geological, topographical and climatic conditions of the area and human factors such as deforestation, unscientific road construction (blasting carried out for road cuttings), constructions of dams or reservoirs, housing schemes, roads, terracing and water intensive agricultural practices on steep slopes etc., implemented without proper environmental impact assessments have increased the intensity and frequency of landslides. The landslide vulnerability in case of Chamba, is high. Landslides may occur at the project site, if, slope stability is not maintained. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 132

133 FIGURE 7-3LANDSLIDES MAP (SOURCE-NIDM) Flooding The Chamba district falls in high vulnerable districts. More particularly the flash flood hazard incidences are increasing causing large scale damage. FIGURE 7-4FLOOD MAP OF UTTARAKHAND Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 133

134 7.1.4 Wind & Cyclone The temperature variation and wind speed are directly proportional to avalanches. It is evident from the map below that the project is a moderate risk. FIGURE 7-5WIND HAZARD MAP (SOURCE- SDMA) Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 134

135 7.1.5 Cloud Burst Though not a regular phenomenon, cloudbursts lead to exceptionally heavy rainfall and sudden flash floods in the mountainous streams and rivers, leading to breaching of banks and overflowing of dams Human Induced Risks and Hazards Fire & Explosion: Since it is a ropeway project, fire can mainly cause due to electric spark in electrical room, fire in the surrounding forest area, fire in fuel storage places, etc. The Fire & explosion can cause loss to material of construction Technical Failures/ Accident: As the ropeway consists of cable cars, ropes & big & heavy machineries, technical failures as discussed in Section can cause risks to people working in the area during construction phase & operation phase. Consequences of the discussed hazards may result into accident. 7.4 PREVENTIVE MEASURES Natural Occurrences Earthquake: The project will be situated in Seismic Zone-V area. Special attention shall be given to the structural design of foundation, elements of masonry, timber, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete, and structural steel. All applicable guidelines will also be followed in this regard to ensure safety of the building Landslides: The area where ropeway is proposed is highly prone to landslides. Structural stability & safety is must to prevent ropeway damage due to landslides. Slope stability in the area shall be maintained at Flooding: Although the site is not prone to flooding & being at the highest peak, the probability of flooding is very less, proper designing of drainage system shall be done. All the waste water shall be disposed off to soak pits. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 135

136 Structures shall be built in such a way that no harm occurs to the people & structures due to flooding due to natural calamities Man-made Occurences Fire and Life Safety: Smoking must be prohibited. Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof to meet national electrical code requirements. Dry chemical extinguishers should be accessible for small fires. An adequate supply of handheld and wheeled types should be available. Hydrants should be strategically placed with adequate hoses. Small spills should be remediated with sand, earth, or other non-combustible absorbent material, and the area then flushed with water Technical Faults & Accidents Bucket carrying material shall be provided with 2 nos. detachable rope grips. The ropeway system will be provided with minimum of two braking systems (Normal, Emergency and Service Brake). The emergency shall be hydraulically operated brake provided on braking track of drive sheave. The service brake shall be electromagnetic brake provided on high speed brake disc. In event of main power supply failure, the system should have full rated Diesel Generator to supply power to run drive motors. Standby separate motor system will be provided for each station to run ropeway at slow speed in case of failure of main motor or power failure of DG set. Line safety devices should be installed on each trestle, holds down & pressure frames which immediately stop the ropeway in the unlikely event of rope derailment. This should comprise of electrical trip limit switch with attachment mounted on line sheave mount. In an accidental acse, if the hauling rope comes out of line sheaves it should be automatically trip the ropeway by the actuation of limit switch through the attachment. Rope catcher will be provided on mount beams on line trestle, P.F. and Stations to arrest/ support the hauling rope in case of de-ropement. Emergency push buttons will be provided at stations to stop the ropeway, if required. The ropeway main drive motors to be tripped if: o Set rope speed exceed by 5 % Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 136

137 o Wind speed exceeds the limit 150 km/hr as per Indian Standard so that damage to the rope and bucket due to the vibration caused can be prevented. The project shall be provided with anemometers to monitor the wind speed and to provide trip signals to main drive in case wind speed exceeds a pre-determined set speed. Each station will have a first-aid medical facility. 7.5 MAINTENANCE & MANAGEMENT OF ROPEWAY Maintenance Record The ropeway operator will ensure that: Written procedures are developed for operating the equipment under all reasonably foreseeable conditions, and that all safety requirements are incorporated into these procedures. Records are kept of every critical safety stage in the operation of ropeway. Operating procedures and all other relevant operating records are freely available to any person who operates the equipment. All operational data are available for inspection by any authorised person who is involved with the ropeway, including equipment inspectors Daily Operational Requirements Starting of ropeway: The ropeway will be start by the competent person authorised by the management. Daily inspections: Prior to transporting material, a daily inspection will be conducted by competent personal. As a minimum, the inspection will consist of the following: Inspect visually each terminal, station, and the entire length of the ropeway, including grips, hangers and carriers: Note the position of tension trolley and ensure that tensioning system is free to move in both directions. Test the operation of all manual and automatic switches in terminals, stations, and loading and unloading areas, as per the manufacturer s specifications. Test the operation of main drive and all braking systems. Test the operation of communication systems. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 137

138 Note the general condition of the hauling rope Operation Log A daily operational log shall be maintained for ropeway. The daily operational log shall include at least the following: a) Date; b) Names and duty stations of operating personnel; c) Operating hours and purpose of operations; d) Temperature, wind, and weather conditions and changes, with times of changes noted; e) Record of compliance with daily operational inspection; f) Position and condition of the tensioning carriage and of the counterweight or other tensioning devices; g) Accidents, malfunctions, or abnormal occurrences during operation; and h) Signature of the operator Maintenance of Ropeway The maintenance program will comprise of procedures for addressing all components subject to load, wear, corrosion or fatigue. This would include: The types of lubricants required and frequency of application; The types of testing required and frequency of testing; The definitions and measurements to determine excessive wear and replacement criteria. The recommended frequency of service to specific parts and details of the service required. Identification of other areas that might require specific attention Ropeway Management The ropeway management shall ensure that: The ropeway including all safety devices is maintained in accordance with the maintenance and inspection schedules and are kept in safe working condition at all times. A procedure is in place which requires any faults found in the ropeway to be reported immediately by the person who finds the fault, investigated and, where necessary, maintained, adjusted, repaired or altered. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 138

139 Ropeway that has been subject to maintenance, whether routine maintenance or maintenance in response to a fault found, shall be appropriately tested before reentering service, to ensure their design compliance. All maintenance procedures relating to the ropeway shall be kept in controlled status regularly updated and continually improved and shall be executed by competent persons. Proper inventory of spare parts shall be maintained in a proper storage area. The operator of the ropeway will ensure that: The date, time and full details of any maintenance work undertaken and the results of any maintenance procedure carried out. Ensure that maintenance records are available for examination by all persons concerned, including equipment inspectors. Keep record of running hours and/or number of loading cycles operated by a ropeway and its condition, where a material ropeway, or any of its components, is subject to condition monitoring Inspection of Ropeway The owner /operator of the ropeway shall ensure that: Commissioning inspection has been carried out by an equipment inspector, who shall also witness all relevant tests. Formal pre-season inspections are carried out The ropeway is inspected in-service at least annually for issue of certificate of inspection. Daily and periodic maintenance inspections are carried out. Records: A list of parts to be inspected will be maintained. The operator of the ropeway will maintain records of the date, time, time and results of any inspection carried out and the name of the inspection body engaged Tests of Ropeway Operation The ropeway operator will ensure that: All routine tests of emergency procedures, and of alarms, and safety devices, relating to the ropeway, are carried out at appropriate intervals. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 139

140 Every overload test is carried out under strict conditions, is monitored at all times and does not exceed the limits specified in the relevant design or operating standard; The ropeway is not loaded above its safe working load, except for the purposes of an overload test. The records of the following will be maintained: The date, time, details and results of any tests carried out are recorded. Comments on the performance of ropeway in any test, and on any maintenance done or any adjustment, alteration, or repair made as a result of any test are recorded; and Any data arising from testing are readily available for inspection by authorised persons including equipment inspectors. The Emergency Management Cell teams outline is given in figure 7-6: FIGURE 7-6EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CELL TEAMS OUTLINE Administrator / Head EMC Chief Incident & Site incident controller Information officer Safety & security coordinator Medical officer First Aid Controller Police/ DMA Primary Controller Hospital Disaster Management Operator (In house) 7.6 SPECIFIC SAFETY FEATURES FOR A ROPEWAY There are numerous redundancies and secondary systems designed and built into the construction and aerial ropeway technologies to ensure reliability and safety. Specific safety features for a ropeway include: Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 140

141 Back-up Generators In the event of a primary engine failure, secondary diesel generators are typically available to continue operation. Secondary Bearing System The main bull wheels in each terminal may have a secondary set of bearings in the event of primary bearing failure. Tire Conveyor Redundancy Both the accelerator and decelerator conveyors have secondary lines with separate power in the event of a primary failure. Recovery concept -If secondary power fails and on-line rescue is required, comprehensive evacuation guidelines are implemented and carried out by specially trained personnel. The form of the evacuation depends on lift type and site conditions. In order to enhance system reliability, besides the electric main drive unit (AC motor), two independent hydrostatic emergency drive units allow for operation of the system at a reduced capacity and in emergency cases for each section. The hydraulic emergency drive can be installed to bring the bucket zback to the station. The detachable system features friction sheaves at the incoming and outgoing sides of the stations. These sheaves transmit the speed of the rope via double V-belts to the conveyors which transport the carriers through the stations. This configuration ensures positive control and synchronization of rope speed and carrier conveying speed in each station in both forward and reverse directions, irrespective of the drive selected. Key functions of the ropeway, such as rope speed and grip opening and closing operations, are monitored and controlled by electronic safety circuits in order to ensure smooth operation and maximum safety. Fixed rope tensioning is achieved by two hydraulic cylinders in the tensioning terminal for each rope loop. Two separate brakes will be provided in the drive of ropeway system. In the event of main power failure, full capacity standby D.G. set will be provided to supply power to run drive motor. Standby separate motor system/rescue engine will be provided to run ropeway at slow speed to bring bucket back from line in case of failure of main motor or power failure from DG set. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 141

142 Rope catcher will be provided with the fully articulated sheave mount beam at incoming and outgoing side on line trestles and Stations to arrest / support the hauling rope in case of de-ropement. Emergency push buttons will be provided at all stations to stop the ropeway, if required. Both the stations and line safety devices will also be operative during running the ropeway with separate motor at a maximum speed of 1 m/ sec. Battery back should also be provided for opening of service and emergency brakes. Control Panels and Distribution Boards will be provided at all stations for operation as well as maintenance purposes. Control relays and interlocks will be provided for rescue Drive, emergency motor and brake operation. A.C. drive will be provided with forward reverse operation, speed variation (auto and manual) and inching facilities. Line safety devices are installed on each trestle, which immediately stop the ropeway in the unlikely event of rope derailment. This comprises of electrical Ceramic fuses with attachment mounted on line sheave mount. Set rope speed exceeds by 5% Wind speed exceeds the set limit. All elements of the ropeway are mounted onto a steel structure which is anchored on concrete foundations. 7.7 SAFETY MEASURES FOR WILDLIFE From the safety point of view, the aerial ropeway seems to offer no danger of any kind to the Wild Life. However, all precautions and safety measures will be taken to ensure Maximum Safety of the any type of Wild life at site during construction as well as Operational Phase, which are discussed as under: During construction phase Night time construction activities will not be allowed in order to minimize the humananimal conflict. Storage Yards for Construction Material, Tower Erection Steel Structures, Cable storage areas and other related Storage and working areas shall be properly made. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 142

143 The storage yards and construction areas will be barricaded with meshed wire fence of at least 3 m height. This would prevent the wild animals from accidentally entering into these work areas during the construction phase and thus ensure their safety During Operational Phase Minimum required area is being considered for the construction of Terminal Stations. As the Ropeway Towers, which shall be made up of steel, are to be erected over the ground, the base of the towers shall be of some danger to the Wild Life. Thus, they would be closed in a mesh wire enclosure which shall be approximately 6 feet (2 m) high. This would prevent any animals from straying into these steel girder bases of the towers. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 143

144 CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS Aerial Ropeway is fast emerging technology of providing transportation of raw material especially for hilly and tough terrains. It is totally environment friendly with least generation of any type of pollutants. The land requirement is minimal as the transportation of raw material can be done till accessible Existing PWD roads and then through ropeways (longitudinal & cross ropeways) thereby reducing any impact on the surface flora and fauna of the region. The main objective of installation of the proposed ropeway, as mentioned earlier, is to transport construction material for HEP. Looking at various options of transport system, there are only two options available either road transport or aerial ropeway system, in which ropeway installation is fast, eco-friendly as well as economic Ropeway System can negotiate steep gradient, with less space Ropeway is an environment friendly system. There will be very less impact of the ecology and environment during the installation and operation of ropeway system. There will not be stress on the forest and its coverage can be maintained intact during the operation Ropeway, generally, does not change the land use pattern It rarely requires displacement or relocation. Being aerial, it does not obstruct the movement underneath There will not be any conflict on the wild life as the operation of ropeway does not generate any vibrations, sound, heat, etc. that might have negative impact on the wild life As ropeway is electrically operated, there will not be additional pressure on the requirement of fossil fuel for transportation of materials Since Ropeway will directly transfer the material, it will reduce the contamination and wastage of the material Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 144

145 CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTMANAGEMENT PLAN The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a site-specific plan developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner where all stakeholders including the project proponents, contractors and subcontractors, including consultants, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions to properly manage that risk. Adequate environmental management measures will be incorporated during the entire planning, construction and operating stages of the project to minimize any adverse environmental impact and assure sustainable development of the area. The EMP presented below will be followed and regular monitoring of relevant parameters as stated in Chapter-6 shall be carried out. The Environment Management Planning has been done by keeping in mind the present environment of the site as discussed in Chapter-3 & the impacts & mitigation measures as discussed in Chapter LAND ENVIRONMENT: The major factors responsible for Land pollution & Land instability due to this ropeway are mainly: Deforestation Disposal of waste on land Erosion of soil, noise & vibrations Weakening of rocks during construction To keep the land clean & free from risks, following management techniques shall be followed: During Construction Phase Project area involves total 53,800 sqm (5.38 ha.) of area which will be diverted for the loading & unloading terminals including ropeway corridor for the proposed ropeway. As discussed in Section 5.1, Diversion of forest land, i.e. tree cutting will be carried out as per the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 for the development of terminals and pillars and associated guidelines in this respect. To reduce the impact due to tree cutting a Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 145

146 compensatory afforestation plan as directed by Forest Department will be followed. Necessary permission to carry out the procedure has already been applied. To minimize the problem of landslides, no blasting will be done; instead, the foundation will be dug manually with the help of drillers or with chained excavators. The excess soil generated due to foundation excavation shall be used as a raw material in construction & top soil shall be preserved for landscaping purposes for afforestation. To avoid impacts on land due to disposal of waste, oil leaks, etc. separate storage yardswith hard paving for waste storage, used oil storage, lubricating oil storage & other raw material storage shall be maintained. Waste shall be stored at a covered place During Operation phase By the construction of ropeway, the land use of the site as shown in Figure 9-1 will be changed to a built-up land for which proposed land use is shown in Figure 9-2. Area required for Area (ha) Type of Land Ropeway Platform (i) 1.44 Forest land Ropeway Span (ii) 3.94 Forest land Total (i+ii) 5.38 ha Forest land FIGURE 9-1 PROPOSED LANDUSE Moreover, the impacts during the operation phase include waste disposal, leakage from machineries, runoff near pillars & soil erosion causing instability of land. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 146

147 The waste disposal will be limited to the loading and unloading stations of ropeway only. Moreover, to avoid spread of waste on land, proper collection bins will be provided at the terminal stations. Lubricating oils for ropeway machineries & used oil generated from DG sets, machineries etc. shall be collected properly in leak proof containers so as to avoid leakage & spillage of oil on ground & ultimately contamination of soil. As this is a temporary structure which will be removed after the construction HEP (30 MW), thus the land will be restored by filling the terminals and planting trees above that. 9.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT During Construction Phase During construction Phase, the impact on Air Environment will mainly be due to the fugitive emissions like particulate matter etc. that will be generated due to activities like excavation, drilling, transportation & handling of equipment s and materials, etc. Air Quality shall be managed by the following: Although, construction activities will be mainly done at terminal stations, so dust emissions will be minimal & in limited areas and dust generation will be minimized due to localized meteorological conditions (as discussed in Section 3.3 of Chapter-3), separate & covered storage yards for keeping the construction material& other raw material shall be made. Constructed towers/ buildings will be covered with green cloth. Excavated soil shall be used to the extent possible as a raw material in construction & rest of the soil & top soil shall be dumped to the dumping sites. After use of dumping sites, Plantation shall be done on the dumping site with use of top soil. Dust generated due to drilling will be collected by JCB dust collectors & will be stored at separate & covered place. Water sprinkling to settle down the dust generated during construction activities shall be done. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 147

148 9.2.2 During Operation Phase Although, Ropeway operation is an environment friendly non-polluting transport system, the main source of pollution will be the ropeway machineries & the dust emissions due to material handling. The management practices to be followed are as follows: Adequate Stack height for the DG sets above the terminal stations shall be provided to discharge the effluent gases from machineries at a certain height. Regular sprinkling of water shall be done for dust suppression. Transported material will be fully covered. Regular cleaning of trolley after unloading of material to avoid fugitive emission. 9.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT During Construction Phase During construction Phase, total 8 KLD water shall be required for curing, ropeway development, and sprinkling purposes. The water shall be taken from the chanju nallah (Spring water). Water management during construction Phase shall be done as under: The solid waste or debris generated shall be properly stored & disposed to avoid slurry discharge in water courses like River in the vicinity. Runoff shall be collected & shall be treated for reuse in sprinkling & curing purposes, to minimize the utilization of fresh water. Provision of Septic tanks followed by soak pits shall be made to ensure no discharge of wastewater in open or near watercourses During Operation Phase As per the maximum peak population load calculation discussed in Section 2.9, total water requirement has been estimated to be 5 KLD as detailed in Table9-1 and water will be sourced from chanju nallah (Spring water). Water shall be used mainly for flushing, drinking, hand washing and miscellaneous purposes as shown in figure-9-3. Total quantity of wastewater generation for will be 3.8 KLD. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 148

149 S. No. Population TABLE 9-1WATER MANAGEMENT Factor (lpcd) Total water requirement 1. Staff Labours Sub Total Water Requirement (in KLD) 3 KLD Domestic: 1 KLD Flushing: 2 KLD Waste water (in KLD) Domestic: 0.8 KLD Flushing: 2 KLD Total waste water generated= 2.8 KLD 3. Misc. 2 KLD 1 KLD Total 70 5 KLD 3.8 KLD FIGURE 9-2 WATER BALANCE SOAK PIT The water in the septic tank is not pure, it is called grey water because it still contains organic materials that need to be filtered out. A Soak Pit is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground. Pre-settled effluent from septic tank is discharged to the underground chamber from where it infiltrates into the surrounding soil. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 149

150 Construction Details A layer of sand and fine gravel is spread across the bottom to help disperse the flow. Depth should be between 1.5 and 4m deep, but never less than 1.5m above the ground water table. The Soak Pit is filled with coarse rocks and gravel. The rocks and gravel will prevent the walls from collapsing but will still provide adequate space for the waste-water. Working As waste-water percolates through the soil from the soak pit, small particles are filtered out by the soil matrix and organics are digested by micro-organism. 9.4 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT During Construction Phase Storm water runoff from the construction site shall not be allowed to flow down the hill. The runoff shall be collected to the maximum extent possible & shall be treated for reuse in sprinkling & curing activities During Operation Phase Maximum collection of rain water shall be done and the stored water shall be reused wherever possible. Garland drains shall be constructed around the pillars/towers near loading and unloading to ensure the proper drainage of the storm water and to prevent disturbance to the drainage pattern of the area. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 150

151 9.5 NOISE & VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT During Construction Phase: As discussed in Section 5.4, noise & vibrations may have destroying impacts on the environment. The noise emission sources during construction phase will include construction machineries / equipment to be employed at site. Other source may be other construction activities like hammering, drilling, etc. & traffic. The management measures for noise & vibration control are as follows: Standard methods and machinery shall be used and shall be installed on anti-vibration pads. Manual cutting & drilling operations may be followed for excavation of site to avoid noise & vibration generation. Also, the construction activities shall be done during the day time only. Drilling equipment will be regularly maintained as per maintenance manual and will be provided with vibration dampers. Workers exposed to high noise level will be provided with personal protective equipment like ear plugs/ ear muffs. OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) for noise exposure will be followed and task rotation of workers will be done exposed to noise. Temporary noise barriers shall be provided around the construction area so that the noise generated due to construction machineries & activities can be suppressed During Operation Phase: Source of Noise & vibrations during operation phase will be the DG sets at Terminal Stations, ropeway machineries and traffic mov ement in the area carrying material. The noise & vibration management measures are discussed below: Acoustically enclosed DG Sets of 7x35 KVA, 2x40 KVA, 2x30 KVA & 2x50 KVA will be bought and installed on proper anti- vibration pads to avoid vibration impacts. As there is no source of power generation thus DG sets will be used as power supply. Same DG sets will be used at the time of construction. Similarly, other ropeway machineries will be kept in closed rooms & will be installed over anti vibration pads. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 151

152 Rope used for the movement of cable cars will be as per the norms of ropeway engineering practices & standard. The movement of rope on the tower sheaves fitted with rubber liners will minimize the noise. Normally, the noise and vibration in any cable ropeway occurs at the transfer point where the cable car comes in contact with rail mounted at the terminals and also at the intermediate towers. Therefore, it would ensure that the alignment at the transfer points are regularly checked and maintained and also suitably lubricated from time to time. The noise pollution due to operation of DG set& other machineries can be controlled by installation of silent cowling to a value of 65 db (A). The normal ropeway operations are always lower than 50 db (A) of noise level. Proper maintenance of the ropeway during the operational phase will be done to ensure low or no noise and environmental impacts as described in Section 7.3 of the EIA report. 9.6 SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Solid Waste During Construction Phase Wastes which are likely to be generated during the construction of terminals include the following: Construction Waste & Debris: It may include waste timber work, spent concrete and cement screening and material and equipment wrappings. Excavated materials: Excavation during pillar foundations will lead to generation of excess soil. Municipal Waste will further include two categories: o Organic Waste-Approx. 8 Kg/day wastes will be generated. o Inert waste, which may include stones, dust, etc. Hazardous Waste-Used oil from ropeway machineries, DG set, etc. The management of this waste is discussed below: No disposal of the waste on land will be done. Rather, it shall be collected at a separate place& as far as possible. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 152

153 Biodegradable Waste will be treated by vermi-composting. Recyclable waste shall be given to authorized vendor. Other inert waste shall be sent to solid waste/landfill site. Excavated soil and construction waste shall be used in leveling & backfilling purposes wherever possible and rest shall be disposed to the proposed dumping sites. The hazardous waste will be stored in leak proof containers & will be given to authorized vendors During operation phase During operation phase, solid waste will be generated by employees. The estimates of the solid waste generated from the proposed project have been shown in table 9-4: TABLE 9-4SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Type of Waste Colour of Bin Disposal Method Total Waste (kg/day) Organic Waste The waste will be treated by vermicomposting. 8.0 Recyclable Waste (Inert waste, papers, plastic etc) Total Waste Collected and given to approved recycler kg/ day The above table indicates that the total 11 Kg/day of waste will be generated. Management of the generated waste can be done as given under: Hazardous waste during construction & operation phase will be the used oil & other oil leakages from DG sets and other machineries. The waste oil generated from D.G sets and other machineries shall be stored in HDPE containers and will be given to recycler authorized by SPCB E-Waste E-waste during operational phase will be generated from electric equipment like motor, wires etc will be given to approved recycler. 9.7 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The project alignment falls under forest area range. The flora & fauna of the area is discussed in Section The Flora & fauna of the area will be kept least affected. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 153

154 The ropeway is an eco-friendly, silent mode of transportation, hence, no impacts on its ecology are envisaged due to the proposed ropeway During Construction Phase Project development requires diversion of 5.38 ha. of forest land for non-forest purpose & few trees are required to be cut for the construction of terminals and pillars. The activity will be carried out as per the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and associated guidelines in this respect. A compensatory afforestation plan has been directed by the forest department according to which compensation will be paid to the forest department. 493 trees shall be cut for which compensatory afforestation shall be done. Noise generation shall be minimized to avoid impacts on fauna. Mitigation measures for Noise have been already discussed in Section 5.4 & noise management measures have been discussed in Section 9.5 of this chapter During operation Phase During operation phase, plantation is proposed around the terminals under the corridor of ropeway & in other open spaces, to enhance the terrestrial ecology of the area. Main reasons of disturbance to terrestrial and aquatic ecology are increased noise, glare/ lighting impact of ropeway structures on bird species and habitat fragmentation. Whereas ropeway is an environment friendly transportation method, efforts shall be made to ensure minimum or no disturbance to the ecology of the area. The alignment has been selected by keeping in sight that no infringement to habitation will be caused. 9.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC SCENARIO &BENEFITS TO ECONOMY & STATE Ropeway will have positive impacts on the socio economy of area (benefits discussed in Section- 5.7 of Chapter-5 and Chapter 8) During Construction Phase There are no such negative impacts on socio economy during the construction phase. Instead, the projects will provide positive impacts to the socio-economy by providing employment opportunities in the area. No displacement or R & R plan is needed as no human habitat exists at the planned stations area for ropeway or in the corridor of the ropeway. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 154

155 9.8.2 During operation Phase The main impact of operation of ropeway will be on the employment in the region. However, by the introduction of ropeway, which is proposed for transportation of material for proposed hydroelectric power plant, there also will be generation of indirect employmnet. Ropeway system will minimize the transportation cost. The unskilled persons may be imparted training & shall be employed to the project team. The positive impacts on socio economy due to proposed ropeway are given in detail in Section Corporate Environment Responsibility The Companies Act, 2013 encourages companies to spend at-least 2% of their average net profit in the last three years on CSR activities under a Corporate Social Responsibility Program. However, as per CER office memorandum of MOEF dated , the project with cost of project <Rs 100 Cr have to spend 2% of the Capital cost on the CER activities. As per the Office Memorandum: Some of the activities which can be carried out in CER, are infrastructure creation for drinking water supply, sanitation, health, education, skill development, roads, cross drains, electrification including solar power, solid waste management facilities, scientific support and awareness to local farmers to increase yield of crop and fodder, rain water harvesting, soil moisture conservation works, avenue plantation, plantation in community areas, etc.). The activities proposed by the project proponent seeing the requirement of the project in the surrounding areas are as follows: S. No. ACTIVITIES AMOUNT (in Rs.) 1 Drinking Facility- Safe drinking water facilities will be made 9.8 lacs available for the local people. 2 Sustainable Development- Investment in Sustainable Development in and around its areas of operation. 3 Sanitation- Material distribution and coordination with the Government officials to set up Sanitation and cleanliness campaigns. Provision of Signboards indicating steps to keep environment & surroundings clean. 4 Toilet facilities- The Terminal Stations would have provision of waiting area and toilet facilities for general public lacs 8.0 lacs 10.0 lacs Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 155

156 5 Medical Aid Facilities- Provision of medical aid post equipped to render first aid and to assist in accessing emergency medical aid from hospitals / clinics in the vicinity will be made at Base station. 9.0 lacs As per the Office memorandum, the entire activities proposed under the CER shall be monitored and the monitoring report shall be submitted to the regional office as a part of half-yearly compliance report, and to the District Collector. Apart from this, the CER activities undertaken by the PP shall be posted on the website of the project proponent. Also, The District Collector will have the right to add or delete the activities as per the requirement of the District. 9.9 TRAFFIC MANANGEMENT As the ropeway project is proposed to transport construction material across the Chanju nallah in ecofriendly manner. There will not be significantly impact on traffic, traffic management will be required in the Operation Phase mainly. There will be increase in vehicular movement for transportation of various construction material required for the hydroelectric power plant which will be transported by ropeway across the Chanju nallah. The increase in vehicles will be managed in the open space available, adequate space is at the loading station for providing organized vehicle parking ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL An environment management cell shall be created which shall perform the following functions: Achieve objectives of the Environment Management Plan. Collect information from regular monitoring and create a database. Analyze the data and decide thrust area. Based on the data collected, decide target for each thrust area. Carry out Projects in each thrust area to arrive at practical solutions to environmental problems. Discuss the reports of study on environment and disseminate the information. Work out Action plan for implementation of the recommendations made in the reports. Prepare Management Information System (MIS) reports and budget for environment management program. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 156

157 The Plant Manager will be responsible for environmental issues at plant. The responsibilities of the various members of the environment management cell are given in Table 9-5 as follows: TABLE 9-2ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL S.No. Designation Proposed responsibility 1. Unit Head Overall responsibility for environmental management and decision making for all environmental issues. To identify and recommend all kinds of major improvements to be taken in a Financial year 2. Site In charge Ensure environmental monitoring as per appropriate procedures as discussed in Chapter-6 of this EIA report. Ensure correct records of generation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of solid hazardous wastes. To monitor and ensure implementation of the improvements. To co-ordinate with the Emergency Management Cell for rescue and evacuation during disaster COST ON ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN The cost of project is estimated to be about Rs. crores. The cost of project is estimated to be about Rs crores. Rs. 40 lacs of capital cost & Rs lacs/year of recurring cost shall be spent on Environment Management Plan. Details are given in Table 9-5: TABLE 9-3 CAPITAL COST AND RECURRING COST ON EMP Sl No Description Capital Cost (Rs. In Lacs) Recurring Cost (Rs. in Lacs/ Year) 1 Waste water treatment/septic tanks & soak pits D.G. set Stack & Enclosure Solid Waste Management Environmental Monitoring Total Rs lacs Rs lacs Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 157

158 CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 10.1 SUMMARY The proposed Material Ropeway shall be developed above the Chanju Nallah in Village- Dantoi, Tehsil-Chaura, District-Chamba, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited. The Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL) has a proposal of installing 2 Hydro Electric Projects, a) Chanju- III HEP (48MW) & b) Deothal- Chanju HEP (30 MW) in Churah Tehsil of Distt. Chamba (HP). M/s HPPCL decided to have a mechanized transportation system for transporting the construction materials to the work site. The proposed system consists 5 no. of ropeways to be installed across the Deothal Chanju Nallah and one no. of ropeway longitudinally along the right bank of Deothal Chanju Nallah passing through all the take off points of all ropeways and up to trench weir for Deothal Chanju HEP (30 MW) based on Bi-cable ropeway system and Twin Track Bi cable ropeway system. The total project covers an area of 5.38 ha (including loading and unloading area, tower and corridor area). The summarized details of the project are as follows: The proposed project will be developed in an area of 5.38 ha. which is a forest land. The max pay load capacity of each ropeway ranges from 2-3 MT. Forest approval has already been applied for the diversion of forest land. The project being an aerial ropeway falls under the item 7(g) of the EIA notification 2006 and its amendments. Proposed project is a Category A project as the elevation all the terminals are above 1000 MSL. The total power requirement for the project is 500 KW and will be sourced from DG Sets. DG sets of capacity 7x35 KVA, 2x40 KVA, 2x30 KVA & 2x50 KVA will be installed at the terminals of ropeway during construction phase which will also remain in use during operation phase. As there is no source of power supply hence DG sets will be used for this ropeway system. Water supply during construction phase and operation phase will be met through. Chanju Nallah (Spring water). The total water requirement has been estimated to be 8 KLD during construction phase while 4 KLD during operation phase. 3 KLD of waste water will be generated during construction phase and 2.45 KLD waste water during operation phase which shall be discharged to septic tank followed by soak pit. Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 158

159 Solid waste during construction phase will mainly be municipal waste generated due to site clearance, construction waste (spent concrete, waste iron or steel bars and cement screenings), excavation waste and labor waste. Approx. 8 kg/day wastes will be generated during construction phase and operation phase which wil be given to MSW vendor. The total cost of project is Rs Crores CONCLUSION Work site situated on hills are difficult to reach due to the arduous & tough nature of the mountains. The objective of HPPCL is to use the ropeways is for transportation of construction material from road site to work site on the other side of the loading station over the river. The straight path encountered most hostile terrain with steep gradient with deep and wide gorges and valleys and much more inaccessible. The Ropeways is an environment friendly system. There will be very less impact of the ecology and environment during the installation and operation of ropway system. There will not ne stress on the fores and its coverage can be maintained intact during the operation. The waste & waste water could be managed easily by provision of better waste & wastewater management strategies. It can act as an evacuation measure at the time of bad weather & emergency situations. Ropeway system will minimize the transportation cost susbstanitially and there will be no proble, as related to the road transportation. Reliability of transportation of material is much more, incase of Ropeway at the Hilly area/road. It has been planned for the benefit of locals (in the form of employment), state (in the form of economy) and the environment (preservation of its pleasant nature). Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 159

160 CHAPTER 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 160

161 Disclosure of Environmental Consultant Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt Ltd , 5 th Floor, Front Wing, NN Mall Sector- 3, Rohini, New Delhi Phone: Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 161

162 INTRODUCTION: About Environmental Consultant Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt Ltd, established by experienced environmental and related experts, provides specialized services in the field of Environment and Pollution Control for all types of Industrial, Construction, Nuclear Sciences, Bio-diversity Mining, Aerial Ropeway and other related fields. Our transparent and professional approach, commitment to excellent quality and service, timely deliveries have contributed to create a name in the field of environment. We have a core group of highly qualified experts from various fields like Environment, Forestry, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Geology, Social Sciences, Electronics and Telecommunication with rich and diversified experience in the field of environment and pollution control. Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt Ltd is headed by Mr. Praveen Bhargava, Managing Director who has an experience of 27 years in the field of Environment and Mrs. Rachna Bhargava, Director & C.E.O, who has an experience of 21 years in the field of Environment. Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt Ltd management, experience, excellence, professionalism and ultimate satisfaction has helped in achieving the heights of success in their specialized field of environment. ACCREDIATATIONS OBTAINED: ISO-9001:2015 Certification ISO-14001:2015 Certification QCI NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organization Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 162

163 The EIA report of the project Installation of Material Ropeways 5 Nos. along with 1 longitudinal ropeway for the construction of Deothal Chanju 30 MW HEP by M/s Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. has been prepared by M/s Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Team (EIA Coordinators, FAEs, AFAEs & Team Members) involved in the Project: EIA Coordinators: Mrs. Rachna Bhargava Assistant to EIA Coordinator: Ms. Astha Srivastava Team: Functional Area Approved FAEs Approved FAA Other Team Members LU Manoj Pant AQ Nipun Bhargava AP Nipun Bhargava Latika Sehgal WP Praveen Bhargava EB Rajiv Kumar SE Rachna Bhargava NV Partho Mukherjee Praveen Bhargava GEO Santosh Pant Anand Singh HG Santosh Pant Anand Singh SC Praveen Bhargava Chandra Shekhar RH Nipun Bhargava SHW Praveen Bhargava Shimael Fatima Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 163

164 The list of approved EIA Coordinators & FAEs is also available on the official website of NABET (Minutes of SA 145 th AC Meeting: March 07, 2017) Details of the Accreditation of Perfact Enviro Solutions is available on the official website of NABET under the heading: List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations with accredited sectors Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 164

165 Enclosure 2: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Prepared by- Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 165

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