Section Traffic Signs

Transcription

1 Section Traffic Signs General 101 (1.1.1) Traffic Sign Conformance 102 ( ) Combining Traffic Signs 103 ( ) Experimental Traffic Control Devices 104 ( ) Permanent Signing for Projects 105 (1.1.1.l3) Traffic Signs on Railroad Structures 106 ( ) Overhead Traffic Signs 107 ( ) Evaluation of Directional Signing Requests 108 ( ) Educational Plaques for Symbol Signs Regulatory 121 ( ) Speed Limit Signs 122 ( ) Lane-Use Control Signs 123 ( ) NO TURN ON RED Signs 124 ( ) Local Parking Ordinance Signs 125 ( ) Railroad Crossbuck Signs 126 ( ) Two-Way Left-Turn-Only Signs 127 ( ) No Passing Control at Railroad Crossings 128 ( ) Prevention of Shoulder Driving 129 (New) Changeable YOUR SPEED Signs Warning 141 ( ) Flooded Roadways 142 ( ) Advisory Speed Signs for Freeway Ramps 143 ( ) WATCH FOR RAMP TRAFFIC Sign 144 ( ) BRIDGE MAY BE ICY Signs 145 ( ) Advance Warning Signs for Changes in Horizontal Alignment 146 ( ) Determination of Advisory Speed on Curves 147 (New) Advance Deer Crossing Sign 148 (New) Railroad Advance Warning Signs 149 (New) Advance Snowmobile Crossing Sign Guide 161 ( ) Advance Road (Street) Name Signs 162 ( ) Route Marker Trailblazer Assemblies 163 ( ) Exit Numbers on Freeway Supplemental Guide Signs 164 ( ) Signing for Snowmobiles Use on County Roads 165 (New) Travel Information Radio Station Signs Maintenance 181 (1.3.3) Replacement of Traffic Signs Sign Layouts 191 ( ) Signing Near Freeways 192 ( ) Signing for Directional Crossovers MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

2 193 ( ) Signs and Pavement Markings at Divided Highway Intersections 194 ( ) Carpool/Park-and-Ride Lots 195 ( ) Signing for Public Transit Bus Stops 196 ( ) Traffic Control Plan for Passing Lanes MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

3 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 129A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Changeable YOUR SPEED Signs To Promote Statewide Uniformity on the Use of Changeable YOUR SPEED Signs. Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: As a means to control speeds along select state trunklines, a local governmental agency may request, through the permit process, to deploy permanent changeable YOUR SPEED sign per each direction provided that the following criteria is met. Please note that the use of this device alone will not deter speeding. Other means such as law enforcement and/or properly set speed zones will minimize speeding. Portable speed trailers, which can provide the same information as the changeable YOUR SPEED sign, should be encouraged prior to the installation of a permanent type sign. Criteria: 1. If the most current speed study is older than two years, the local governmental agency must request a formal speed study from Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) and the Michigan State Police (MSP). MDOT/MSP will evaluate the existing speed limit. - If the speed zone appears to be inappropriate then modify the existing speed limit through the speed study process. See Notes 501A, 506A, and 508A for further information on speed studies and setting speed limits. - If the speed zone is set properly, the local governmental agency may complete a permit application for the placement of a permanent changeable YOUR SPEED sign. 2. The local governmental agency is responsible for cost of materials, installation, maintenance, and all other associated costs. 3. As part of the permit, the municipality shall agree to follow up speed studies conducted by the department at six and twelve months after the installation of the changeable YOUR SPEED sign. If the studies do not show a significant decrease in speed of more than 5 MPH (8 km/hr), the department reserves the right to remove all changeable YOUR SPEED signs. 4. The installation is limited to one permanent changeable YOUR SPEED sign per each direction. 129A (NEW) 1 of 2 11/14/06

4 The design of the changeable YOUR SPEED sign shall meet the requirement of the current Michigan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The permanent sign supports shall meet MDOT s Sign Support Standards. The display of the YOUR SPEED sign should be limited to no higher than the 20 MPH (30 Km/hr) above the posted speed limit to discourage motorists from attempting to post a high readout. 129A (NEW) 2 of 2 11/14/06

5 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 147A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Advance Deer Crossing Sign To Promote Uniform Application of Advance Deer Crossing Signs. COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: The Advance Deer Crossing (W11-3) sign should only be used at locations of known herd movements that are exhibiting a crash pattern which could cause it to appear on current and/or future High Crash Lists. Per the Michigan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices the W11-3 should be placed to inform motorists of locations where there are likely entries into the roadway. A distance plaque may be installed below the W11-3. To ensure the effectiveness of the Advance Deer Crossing sign, the length of the deer crossing zone should be limited to two miles. For simplicity, the W11-3 sign may be used at established elk and moose crossings. For information on herd movements contact the Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Field Office nearest the crossing of concern. A listing of offices can found on the DNR web site at: If herd movement patterns are known to have changed and the Advance Deer Crossing signs are no longer needed, the signs should be removed. 147A (NEW) 1 of 1 11/14/06

6 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 148A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Railroad Advance Warning Signs To Promote Uniform Application of Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning (W10-2, W10-3, W10-4) Signs COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: The Michigan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MMUTCD) describes the requirement and placement of the Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning (W10-1) sign. Another type of advance signing, the WARNING SIGN ON ROADS PARALLEL TO RAILROADS (W10-2, W10-3, and W10-4) shall also be used where necessary. If the distance between the railroad tracks and a parallel highway, from the edge of the tracks to the edge of the parallel roadway, is less than 100 feet (30 m), W10-2, W10-3, or W10-4 signs shall be installed on each approach of the parallel highway to warn road users making a turn that they will encounter a highway-rail grade crossing soon after making a turn, and a W10-1 sign for the approach to the tracks shall not be required to be between the tracks and the parallel highway. Sign placement for the W10-2, W10-3, or W10-4 signs should be in accordance to Section 2C, MMUTCD using the speed of through traffic measured from the highway intersection. W10-2, W10-3, or W10-4 signs can be oriented or modified as necessary to satisfy the geometrics of the roadways and the railroad tracks. If the distance between the railroad tracks and the parallel highway, from the edge of the tracks to the edge of the parallel roadway, is 100 feet (30 m) or more, a W10-1 sign shall be installed in advance of the highway-rail grade crossing, and the W10-2, W10-3, or W10-4 signs may be used on the parallel highway. For advance signing in rural areas, the following three cases are presented as examples. Illustrations of these cases are shown on page 4. CASE A: All of the following conditions exist. 1. The railroad crossing is more than 100 feet (30 m) downstream from the parallel road. 2. Highway traffic on the road crossing the railroad tracks has to stop for the road parallel to the railroad tracks. Treatment: Only one W10-1 sign shall be installed at a distance L from the 148A (NEW) 1 of 4 11/14/06

7 railroad tracks. If the full L distance is not available, a shorter distance can be used with the minimum distance being 100 feet (30 m) from the railroad tracks. CASE B: All of the following conditions exist. 1. The railroad crossing is more than 100 feet (30 m) downstream from the parallel road. 2. The parallel road is within the distance L from the railroad crossing. 3. Highway traffic on the road crossing the railroad tracks does not have to stop for the road parallel to the railroad tracks. Treatment: Two W10-1 signs shall be installed. The first W10-1 shall be between the railroad crossing and the road parallel to it and at least 100 ft (30 m) from the railroad crossing. The second W10-1 shall be the distance L from the road crossing and the far side of the parallel road. CASE C: All of the following conditions exist. 1. The railroad crossing is less than 100 feet (30 m) from a parallel road. 2. Signing for the roadway intersection can vary per location. For Case C, the placement of W10 series signs is not dependent on the roadway intersection signing treatment. Treatment: A W10-1 sign shall be installed at the distance L or longer (see table in this Note) on the road crossing the railroad. The L distance may have to be increased if the W10-1 sign blocks the R1-1 sign. W10-2, (W10-3, or W10-4, if applicable) signs shall be installed on the approaches of the road parallel to the railroad, at an advance warning distance D from the intersection of the two highways. The advance warning distance D is found in Section 2C, MMUTCD. Speed in mph (km/hr) Distance L in feet (meters) 35 (60) and below 250 (75) 40 to 45 (60 to 70) 400 (120) 50 to 55 (80 to 90) 550 (165) 60 (100) and above 750 (230) From Figure 8B-6, 2005 MMUTCD 148A (NEW) 2 of 4 11/14/06

8 DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) signs: Whenever engineering judgment determines that the potential for vehicles stopping on the tracks is high, a DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign should be used. The sign, if used, should be located on the right side of the highway on either the near or far side of the highway-rail grade crossing, depending upon which side provides better visibility to approaching drivers. DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS signs may be placed on both sides of the track. On divided highways and one-way streets, a second DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS sign may be placed on the near or far left side of the highway-rail grade crossing to further improve visibility of the sign. 148A (NEW) 3 of 4 11/14/06

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10 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 149A SUBJECT: Advance Snowmobile Crossing Sign PURPOSE: To Promote Uniform Application of Advance Snowmobile Crossing Signs. COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: When requested by a governmental agency the Advance Snowmobile Crossing (W11-6) sign should be placed at the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) sanctioned trail crossings with sight distances less than intersection sight distance for the posted speed of the roadway. See Note 610A for further information on intersection sight distance. For crossings exhibiting a crash pattern, the Region Traffic and Safety Representative should contact the MDNR to determine if the crossing can be relocated or modified to address the crash pattern. For those locations exhibiting a crash pattern where no revisions can be made, the W11-6 sign should be placed to inform motorists of possible crossings or entries into the roadway. Snowmobile trail maps are available from the Michigan Department of Natural Resource on their web site at: Detailed snowmobile maps can also be obtained by contacting the Michigan Snowmobile Association at A (NEW) 1 of 1 11/14/2006

11 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 165A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Travel Information Radio Station Signs To Promote the Uniform Application of Travel Information Radio Station Signs COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: As an aid to motorists municipalities and/or other governmental agencies often broadcast travel information on a local, limited distance, radio station. Signing for these stations may be provided by the Department if the following criteria are met: - Travel information only (no music or advertising) is broadcasted - The station operates 24-hours a day, seven days a week, all year long. If the station operates only on a seasonal basis, the signs shall be removed during the off season at the cost of the requestor. Reinstallation of the sign will also be at the cost of the requestor. The Department will be responsible for removal and installation upon receipt of payment from the requestor. The above noted work will be scheduled and done by the Department. - The request for signing comes from municipality or other governmental agency. Travel Information Radio Station Signing should be placed on trunkline approaches to the area of interest at the outer range of broadcast signal. Placement is limited to one sign per approach and shall be installed after the station is in operation. For sign design use the Weather Info (D12-1) replacing Weather with Travel. Per the Michigan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices only the numerical indication of the radio frequency shall be used to identify the radio station. No more than three frequencies shall be shown on one sign. 165A (NEW) 1 of 1 11/14/2006

12 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 196C SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Traffic Control Plan for Passing Lanes To Achieve Statewide Uniformity in the Application of Signs and Pavement Markings for Passing Lanes COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: The attached is intended to provide uniformity of traffic control devices for passing lanes of all types. Where passing lanes have been constructed to accommodate trucks and/or slower moving vehicles, signs and pavement markings shall be installed. 196C ( ) 1 of 3 11/14/06

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15 Section 200 Traffic Signals Operational Standards and Practices 201 (2.1.1) Procedures for Installing or Modifying Electrical Devices 202 (2.1.2) Required Intersection Widening to Accommodate New Signals 203 (2.1.3, 2.3.2) Verification That Signal Timing Has Been Installed in the Controller 204 (2.1.4) Guidelines for Installation of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Signals 205 (2.1.5) Guidelines for Installation of Emergency Vehicle Advance Warning Signs Supplemented with Flashers or Pre-empt of Existing Traffic Signals 206 (2.1.7) Symbol Signs for Signalized Intersections 207 (2.1.8) Guidelines for Pedestrian Push Button Use & Location 208 (6.7.2) Signs with Flashing Beacons 209 (New) Countdown Pedestrian Signals - pending 210 (New) Application of the MMUTCD Traffic Signal Warrants Installation 221 (2.2.1) Resolutions for Cost Participation 222 (2.2.3) Electrical Devices Installed on Construction Projects 223 (2.2.4) Postcards for Completion Dates 224 (2.2.5) Notification of Installation of New Traffic Signals Operation Feedback 241 (2.4.1) Field Modification of Traffic Signal Timing Department Participation 261 (2.5.1) Financial Participation in Mast Arm Traffic Signals 262 (2.5.1/New) Financial Participation in Traffic Signals Due to Operational Changes 263 (2.1.6) Termination of Traffic Signal Cost Agreements MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

16 Section 300 Pavement Markings and Delineation 301 ( ) Object Markers 302 (3.1.6) Pavement Markings for Aerial Speed-Surveillance 303 (3.1.12) Railroad Grade Crossing Pavement Markings 304 (3.1.13) Authorization of Crosswalk Markings and Stop Bars 305 (4.1) Roadway Delineation MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

17 Section 400 School & Pedestrian Traffic Control 401 (6.9) Mid-Block Pedestrian Crosswalks 402 (5.4.1) School Speed Limits 403 (5.4.2) Signing for School Speed Zones 404 (6.7.2, School Signs with Flashing Beacons , , , and ) 405 (6.7.3) School Traffic Signals 406 (6.7.4) School Crossing Guards MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

18 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 404C SUBJECT: PURPOSE: School Signs with Flashing Beacons To Ensure Consistent Application and Operation of Flashing Beacons on School Signs. COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: Flashing beacons used in conjunction with sign messages are useful in attracting a driver s attention in unusual situations (e.g., where a driver may not be expecting a warning or regulation, or where special emphasis is required). Most traffic engineers are concerned that extensive use of flashing beacons will reduce their overall effectiveness. Thus, flashing beacons on advance warning signs and/or regulatory signs are used sparingly and only when there is a true need for additional emphasis (U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Traffic Control Devices Handbook, Washington, D.C. 1983, p ) The decision to use a flashing beacon in conjunction with a sign must be based on engineering judgment after analysis of conditions at the field location. All of the following criteria should be met prior to the consideration of a flashing beacon on the School Advance Warning Assembly (S1-1 with supplemental plaque): Presence of established school crosswalk Use of an adult crossing guard Majority of the students using school crosswalk in Grades 5 and lower The use of a flashing beacon on a school speed limit sign, which includes the WHEN FLASHING (S4-4) sign, indicates the times the school speed limit is in effect. Further discussion pertaining to flashing beacons used with signs can be found in Part 4 and 7 of the Michigan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MMUTCD) and in the MDOT publication Guidelines for Traffic Control in School Areas. The speed limit sign used in the school zone for a reduced speed limit should be a minimum of 36 inches (900 mm) by 48 inches (1200 mm) where the existing speed limit is less then 55 mph (90 Km/h). If the existing speed limit is 55 mph (90 Km/h), the speed limit sign used in the school zone should be 48 inches (1200 mm) by 60 inches (1500 mm). OPERATION: To derive the greatest benefit from these devices, they must operate only during periods when they are applicable. For school crossings there should be allowances for operating them during certain emergency periods, 404C (6.7.2, , , , ) 1 of 3 11/14/2006

19 such as when a fire or a severe snowstorm forces early closing of school. The flashing beacon shall only be in use when the adult crossing guard is present if there is no school speed zone. If there is a school speed zone, the flashing beacon shall be in operation when the school speed limit is in effect. To accomplish this, a push button and timer will be interconnected with each set of devices. Only by pushing the push button may the devices be turned on. They will be turned off either automatically by the timer, which will have the normal operating periods established on it. A small light with the controls will be lit whenever the devices are operating. The push button will be placed in a location that is convenient for the operator. The School Superintendent is responsible for designating the person to operate the device. A second responsible person shall be designated in the event the main person is unavailable to operate the system. A fully automatic system for operating school flashers will not be allowed. There have been issues with this type of system operating during the summer or during the next school year classes start at a different time. A manual start also ensures that the system is monitored on a daily basis. OPERATION SCHEDULE: The Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative will recommend a school speed limit operation schedule for each new electrical device at a school crossing. It is highly recommended to obtain the school schedule from the School Superintendent in order to establish the hours of operation which shall be in accordance with Section a of the Michigan Vehicle Code. Generally, each schedule should include three periods of operation each school day. A typical schedule would be as follows: 1. Morning - start 30 to 60 minutes before classes convene end when classes convene 2. Noon - during any lunch period when students are permitted to leave the school property 3. Afternoon - start at the time classes let out end 30 to 60 minutes after classes let out Once a schedule is approved and the devices erected, the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative should make periodic checks of the operation to ensure adherence to the approved schedule. Proposed changes in a schedule shall be approved by the Region Traffic and Safety Representative. COST PARTICIPATION: The Michigan Department of Transportation does not require local cost participation for installation, maintenance, and power consumption of signs with flashers within the Right-of-Way. 404C (6.7.2, , , , ) 2 of 3 11/14/2006

20 All work conducted outside of the Right-of-Way shall be at the cost of the local agency or school. The controls are normally installed in the school building. PROCESSING: 1. The first step in processing a flashing beacon for a school crossing is the determination of whether a school speed sign or a warning sign with flashers is required. The MDOT publication Guidelines for Traffic Control in School Areas provides detailed guidelines for determining appropriate traffic control devices. If the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative determines that a sign with a flashing beacon is warranted, they recommend to the Traffic Signals Unit the type of device to be erected and the approximate locations for the required signs. The request should be provided on a Traffic Signal Screening form and should include the name of the school, the distance from the signs to the nearest road and distances to other landmarks as needed. If a school speed zone is to be established, the Michigan State Police should be included in the establishment of the speed limit. 2. The Traffic Signals Unit will then investigate the school locale to determine the sign layout and make a cost estimate. 3. The Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative should provide the speed limit to be established (if a speed limit sign is to be erected) and an operation schedule for the devices. If there is a flasher on other school signs, the school speed limit operation should be coordinated with them. In addition, the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative must furnish all the required cost agreements and the title of the responsible person appointed by the school to operate the flashing beacon. 4. The Traffic Signals Unit will issue the work authorization (unless installed by contract) for the erection of the required signs and flashing beacons. The Traffic Signals Unit will also send a letter concerning operation of the device to the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative. The TSC will also notify the respective school. REMOVAL OF FLASHER: For the removal of a school sign flashing beacon, a letter needs to be obtained from the school with a signature of the superintendent that reflects the school s desire to remove the existing flashing beacon. Once this letter has been received, a work authorization needs to be issued for the removal of the electrical device(s) and a second work authorization issued, if necessary, for the removal of the sign. The sign inventory should be amended to reflect this change. 404C (6.7.2, , , , ) 3 of 3 11/14/2006

21 Section 500 Traffic Operation 501 (6.1) Traffic Control Orders 502 (6.2) Traffic Control Determinations 503 (6.4) State Trunkline Highway Turning Movements 504 (6.5) Divided Roadway Intersections 505 (6.8) Monitoring Traffic Operations After Opening of Completed Projects 506 (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) Establishing Speed Limits 507 (11.4) Directional Median Crossovers 508 (New) Traffic Control Order and Stop Determination Process 509 (New) Temporary Traffic Control Order (TCOs) 510 (New) Truck Route Classifications Considerations MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

22 Section 600 Access Management and Design Guidelines 601 (New) Access Management 602 (7.2) Roadside Traffic Control Islands 603 (7.3) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Driveway Passing Flares 604 (7.5) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Right-Turn Lanes and Tapers 605 (7.6) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Left-Turn Lanes and Passing Flares at Unsignalized Intersections 606 (7.7) Passing Relief Lanes 607 (7.8) Traffic Impact Studies 608 (7.9) Spacing for Commercial Drives and Streets 609 (7.11) Rumble Strips on State Trunkline Approaches 610 (14.1.4) Stopping Sight Distance and Intersection Sight Distance 611 (7.2) Guidelines for Selecting Curb at Commercial Drives 612 (7.1) Clear Vision Areas 613 (New) Traffic Impact Assessment MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

23 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 613A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Impact Assessment To Define Requirements and Procedures for Traffic Impact Assessments Geometric Design Unit INFORMATION: A traffic impact assessment is completed for uses which generate a relatively low volume of traffic. A traffic impact assessment is required for any proposed development expected to generate fifty (50) ninety-nine (99) peak hour directional trips or at the discretion of the Region/TSC Traffic & Safety Engineer. The attached table on page 3 gives examples of land use that is expected to meet or exceed the 50 peak hour directional trip threshold. A traffic impact study (as outlined in Traffic and Safety Note 607-Series) shall be required for any proposed development expected to generate over 99 peak hour directional trips or if requested by the Region/TSC Traffic & Safety Engineer. The Traffic Impact Assessment should include: 1. A narrative summary at the beginning of the report that includes: a. The applicant and project name. b. A location map including proposed drives and distances to state trunklines. c. The size and type of development. d. Project phasing identifying the year of development activities per phase and the proposed access plan for each phase. 2. Existing Traffic Volumes Volumes during peak hours adjacent to the site. 3. Trip Generation: Generated traffic volumes based on the type and size of land use which are compatible with those listed in the Institute of Transportations Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (current edition). They should be in the area of the proposed site drives. The traffic volume for the development shall assume a total build out. Both peak hour trip generation and daily trip generation should be used. Local or specific development data can be used, if available, only at the discretion of the Region/TSC Traffic Engineer. Developers can use their own data in the collection of estimated traffic generated. The use of secondary data 613A (NEW) 1 of 3 11/14/2006

24 outside of the ITE Trip Generation manual is acceptable as long as the business that is being referenced is comparable and the state trunkline and local primary connectors have similar ADT. The ITE Trip Generation manual has small sample sizes for several types and may not be the best source of information for data collection purposes. 4. Trip Distribution /Assignment for the proposed drives. Trip distribution/assignment is for the peak hours (assuming morning and evening). Weekend peak hour data may be requested by the Region/TSC Traffic Engineer if applicable. 5. Access: Identify the location of any existing drives within approximately 450 feet (140 m) of the site. Identify the location of the proposed drives. Spacing at 50 MPH (80 Km/h) of proposed drives is suggested. If it is determined that the impacts of the development affect areas beyond the proposed drives, additional information or assessment may be requested. If there are existing corridor groups, coordination will be needed between them and the proposed project. A corridor group can be defined as a transportation planning group consisting of local officials, MDOT staff, and various other key stakeholders interested in preserving and/or improving the safety, capacity, economic sustainability, and aesthetics of a particular transportation corridor. 613A (NEW) 2 of 3 11/14/2006

25 TABLE Examples of Land Use Size Thresholds Based on Trip Generation Characteristics (This document is a guideline) 50 Peak Hours Land Use Directional Metric Residential: Single Family 70 units 70 units Apartments 115 units 115 units Condominiums/Townhouses 125 units 125 units Mobile Home Park 140 units 140 units Shopping Center (GLA) 5,200 sq. ft. 480 m2 Fast Food Restaurant w/drive-in (GFA) 2,600 sq. ft. 242 m2 650 sq. ft. or 3 60 m2 or 3 Convenience Store w/gas (GFA) pumps pumps Bank w/drive-in (GLA) 2,200 sq. ft. 205 m2 Hotel/Motel 120 rooms 120 rooms General Office 22,000 sq. ft. 2, 045 m2 Medical/Dental Office 18,600 sq. ft. 1,728 m2 Research & Development 37,000 sq. ft. 3, 440 m2 Light Industrial 58,000 sq. ft. 5,390 m2 Manufacturing 125,000 sq. ft. 11,615 m2 NOTES: 1. For example, a traffic impact assessment should be completed (50 peak hour, peak directional trips generated) if 70 or more single family units are proposed for a site. 2. GLA Gross Leasible Area; GFA Gross Floor Area 613A (NEW) 3 of 3 11/14/2006

26 Section 700 Parking 701 (10.1) Prohibition of Stopping, Standing, or Parking on State Trunklines 702 (10.2) Parking Restrictions in Municipalities 703 (10.3) Parking for the Handicapped 704 (New) Parking Facility Dimensions MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

27 Section 800 Roadway Lighting 801 (17.1) Non-Freeway Lighting 802 (17.2) Freeway Lighting 803 (New) Guidelines for Illumination at Railroad Crossings MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

28 Section 900 Construction and Maintenance Zones 901 (12.1.1) Guidelines for Maintaining Traffic Capacity 902 (12.1.3) Speed Limits in Work Zones - pending 903 (12.1.5) Maintaining Traffic During Roadway Work at Railroad Crossings 904 (12.1.7) Construction Zone Checklist for Traffic Controls 905 (12.2.2) Special Provisions for Maintaining Traffic - pending 906 (12.4) Temporary Signals on Projects 907 (New) Incentive/Disincentive Clause 908 (New) Capacity in Traffic Regulating Zones MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

29 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 907A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Incentive/Disincentive Clause To Provide Guidance for Calculating Capacity in Determining if an Incentive/Disincentive is Warranted COORDINATING UNIT: Geometric Design Unit INFORMATION: To justify an incentive/disincentive (I/D) clause, delay-related user costs must exceed the I/D dollar amount. Generally, the I/D dollar value should not exceed five percent of the construction contract. Determining the impact on capacity may also be useful in determining the impact on the Central Business District or as a Context Sensitive Measure. The attached information can be used as an initial tool to estimate capacity in determining whether or not an I/D clause is warranted for a construction project. 907A (NEW) 1 of 7 11/14/2006

30 GUIDANCE FOR CALCULATING CAPACITY in DETERMINING if an INCENTIVE/DISINCENTIVE CLAUSE Is WARRANTED The attached tables can be used as an initial tool to estimate capacity in determining whether or not an incentive/disincentive (I/D) clause is warranted for a construction project. To justify the clause, delay-related user costs may exceed the I/D dollar amount. Generally, the I/D dollar value should not exceed five percent of the construction contract. Normally, congestion occurs each time traffic demand exceeds the capacity of the roadway under consideration. Since the Design Hourly Volume (DHV) is readily available, it can be used and compared to the appropriate capacity presented in the attached tables. When DHV exceeds available capacity, an incentive/disincentive analysis can be performed to determine the amount of user delay. Twenty-four hour counts and the maintaining traffic plan are required to perform this analysis. Currently, the department uses the construction congestion (C03) program to estimate total user delay cost associated with construction activities. (Contact the Traffic and Safety Region Services area of Construction & Technology for more information on the C03 program.) The total delay cost calculated by this program is the sum of speed and backup delay. Speed delay is the difference in time to travel the distance through a work zone (or around it if a detour is required) during construction and the time it would take if there were no construction. Backup delay is the length of time a vehicle spends in queue before entering a work zone. Backup delay occurs when traffic demand exceeds work zone capacity. If a designated detour is present, a traffic distribution model should be used to estimate traffic volumes using the detour and traffic volumes still traveling through the work zone. The C03 program can then be used to estimate user costs. CAPACITY DURING TRAFFIC REGULATING OPERATIONS Attached is a chart and graph showing capacity during traffic regulating operations on two-lane roadways. The capacity of a traffic regulating operation is directly related to the length of the traffic regulating zone. For example, if the posted speed during the traffic regulating operation is 35 mph and traffic demand is 1,000 vph, the length of the traffic regulating operation should not exceed 0.7 miles (1.12 km). The C03 program can be used to calculate user delay. 907A (NEW) 2 of 7 11/14/2006

31 RECOMMENDED DIRECTIONAL WORK ZONE CAPACITIES FOR FREEWAYS NUMBER OF LANES Normal Open VPH (vehicles per hour) AVERAGE CAPACITY of AVAILABLE LANES VPHPL (vehicles per hour per lane) 3 1 1,400 1, ,550 1, ,200 1, ,400 1, ,400 1, ,250 1,750 ADJUSTMENTS 1. If percentage of heavy trucks > 10 percent, reduce VPH by 10 percent. 2. If an entrance ramp is within the closure zone, reduce the volume of freeway lane one by either ramp entering volume in VPHPL or 800 VPHPL whichever is smaller. 907A (NEW) 3 of 7 11/14/2006

32 RECOMMENDED WORK ZONE CAPACITIES SIGNALIZED ROADWAYS Directional Capacity for Divided Roadways or One-way Streets (VPH) Number of Lanes Open ,025 1,475 Greentime % ,300 1, ,600 2,300 Bi-directional Capacity for Undivided Roadways (VPH) Left Turn Prohibited Number of Lanes Open ,050 2,050 Greentime % 50 1,360 2, ,650 3,200 Bi-Directional Capacity for Undivided Roadways (VPH) 10 Percent Lefts Number of Lanes Open 2 3 (Center Left Turn Lanes) 3 (Center Left Turn Lanes) 4 Phasing Used Greentime % Split Phasing Permissive Phasing Protected Phasing Split Phasing Design Hourly Volume (DHV) for divided roadway is directional as shown in the Sufficiency Rating Manual. - Design Hourly Volume (DHV) for undivided roadway is bi-directional as shown in the Sufficiency Rating Manual. - Above capacities are based on 80-second cycle length. - Greentime % is the total greentime available for the roadway under construction. ADJUSTMENT If the percentage of heavy trucks > 10 percent, reduce capacity by 10 percent. 907A (NEW) 4 of 7 11/14/2006

33 LENGTH OF TRAFFIC REGULATOR ZONE MILES (KILOMETERS) 0.1 (0.16) 0.2 (0.32) 0.3 (0.48) 0.4 (0.64) 0.5 (0.80) 0.6 (0.96) 0.7 (1.12) 0.8 (1.28) 0.9 (1.45) 1.0 (1.61) 1.1 (1.77) 1.2 (1.93) 1.3 (2.10) 1.4 (2.25) 1.5 (2.41) 1.6 (2.57) 1.7 (2.74) 1.8 (2.89) 1.9 (3.05) 2.0 (3.22) 2.1 (3.38) 2.2 (3.54) 2.3 (3.70) 2.4 (3.86) 2.5 (4.02) CAPACITY IN TRAFFIC REGULATOR ZONES 35 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED 45 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED 55 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED CAPACITY (VPH) CAPACITY (VPH) CAPACITY (VPH) Michigan Department of Transportation TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE INCENTIVE/DISINCENTIVE CLAUSE DRAWN BY: DFK 11/14/06 Note 907A FILE: PW RD TS T Dev Note907A tsn.dgn REV. 11/14/2006 SHEET CHECKED BY: JAT PLAN DATE: 5 OF 7

34 CAPACITY (VPH) BOTH DIRECTIONS CAPACITY IN TRAFFIC REGULATOR ZONES - ENGLISH 55 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED 35 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED LENGTH OF TRAFFIC REGULATING ZONE IN MILES 45 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED Michigan Department of Transportation TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE INCENTIVE/DISINCENTIVE CLAUSE DRAWN BY: DFK 11/14/06 CHECKED BY: JAT PLAN DATE: FILE: PW RD TS T Note907A tsn.dgn Note 907A SHEET 6 OF7 REV. 11/14/2006

35 CAPACITY (VPH) BOTH DIRECTIONS CAPACITY IN TRAFFIC REGULATOR ZONES - METRIC 35 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED LENGTH OF TRAFFIC REGULATING ZONE IN KILOMETERS 55 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED 45 MPH POSTED CONSTRUCTION ZONE SPEED Michigan Department of Transportation TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE INCENTIVE/DISINCENTIVE CLAUSE DRAWN BY: DFK 11/14/06 CHECKED BY: JAT PLAN DATE: FILE: PW RD TS T Dev Note907A tsn.dgn Note 907A SHEET 7 OF 7 REV. 11/14/2006

36 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 908A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Capacity in Traffic Regulating Zones To Provide Guidance in Traffic Regulating Zone Length Selection COORDINATING UNIT: Geometric Design Unit INFORMATION: Traffic regulating zone capacity is directly related to the length of the traffic regulating operation. By selecting a capacity equal to or exceeding traffic demand, the Engineer can determine the required length of the traffic regulating operation. Attached are a chart and graphs showing capacity during traffic regulating operations. This chart was based on the EXCEL program developed for our department by the University of Michigan. For example, if the posted speed during the traffic regulating operation is 35 mph and traffic demand 1,000 vph, the traffic regulating operation zone length should not exceed 0.7 miles (1.12 km). Please note the chart does not apply to roadways which included signalized intersections. 908A (NEW) 1 of 4 11/14/06

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40 Section 1000 Crash Information 1001 (15.1) Traffic Crash Data Request 1002 (15.4) Traffic Crash Costs 1003 (15.5) Traffic Crash Rates MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

41 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 1002B SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Traffic Crash Costs To Measure the Value of Crash Prevention Work and Provide an Annual Update of National Safety Council (NSC) Cost Data COORDINATING UNIT: Safety Unit INFORMATION: Traffic crash cost factors used in tabulations, evaluations, and analyses of traffic crash data shall be those factors provided yearly by the NSC. The Safety Unit will provide this information annually to all Traffic and Safety Support Area units and to the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representatives. Severity cost factors from 1970 through the latest year for which data are available are shown in the table on the next page. This table will be updated and distributed annually. Copies of the NSC bulletin detailing how these costs are estimated is available by request directed to the Safety Unit. 1002B (15.4) 1 of 2 12/15/06

42 SEVERITY COST FACTORS BASED ON NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL (NSC) COST ESTIMATES* YEAR PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASH INJURY CRASH FATAL CRASH 1970 $ $2, $45, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,000, , , ,000, , , ,040, , , ,090, , , ,120, , , ,130, , , ,150, * NSC Report Bulletin Issued Yearly. The MDOT practice has been to use these factors per fatal or injury crashes. These figures may be adjusted for the particular application involved. For the method used in the Time-of-Return (TOR) form of cost benefits calculation, consult the Safety Programs Unit. 1002B (15.4) 2 of 2 12/15/06

43 1101 (18.6) Trunkline Turnbacks 1102 (19.1.1) Legal Terms Section 1100 Miscellaneous MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 11/14/06

44 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY CONTACTS Administrator: Jon W. Reincke (517) Area of Responsibility Name Telephone Number ACCESS MANAGEMENT Imad Gedaoun (517) CAPITAL OUTLAY PROGRAM (T&S) Mark Bott (517) CRASH DATA Gene McAdams (517) GEOMETRIC DESIGN Imad Gedaoun (517) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION Leo Arens (517) LITIGATION & RISK MANAGEMENT Kim Lariviere (517) LOGOS / TODS Mark Bott (517) SENIOR MOBILITY Kim Lariviere (517) MICHIGAN MANUAL OF UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES (MMUTCD) Mark Bott (517) PAVEMENT MARKINGS & DELINEATION Jill Morena (517) ROADSIDE DESIGN Carlos Torres (517) SAFETY PROJECTS / SAFETY ANALYSIS SIGNALS Dale Lighthizer Bob Rios Paula Corlett Supervisor Jason Firman Analysis Douglas Adelman Design (517) (517) (517) (517) (517) SIGNING Alonso Uzcategui (517) STANDARDS Julie Townsend (517) TRAFFIC CONTROL ORDERS / SPEED STUDIES / REGULATIONS Leo Arens (517) Brian Zimmerman (Compliance) (517) or (517) WORK ZONES & MAINTAINING TRAFFIC Jeff Grossklaus (Innovations) Bruce Munroe (Plans & Standards) (517) or (517) or Direct Cont: 437 (517) H:\1TSAD\Korman-Web\traffic_and_safety_contacts.doc 1 of 1 12/15/06

45 MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Traffic and Safety Standards, Guidelines, Manuals, Forms, Details, Typicals, and Special Provisions SIGNING DOCUMENTS AVAILABLITY CONTACT Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2005 Edition (2003 Federal MUTCD with 2005 Michigan Supplement) Part 6 (MMUTCD), Temporary Traffic Control, 2005 Guidelines for Signing on State Trunkline Highways, 2000 Freeway Signing Design, Placement, and Application Guidelines Standard Highway Signs Manual Sign Support Special Details and Standards Signing Special Provisions Maintaining Traffic Typicals Portable Changeable Message (PCMS) Guidelines Traffic Regulators Instruction Manual and Video MMUTCD Category, Manual Subcategory and Michigan Technological University or MMUTCD Category, Manual Subcategory Traffic Signing Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic Signing Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic Signing Category, Standard Highway Signs Subcategory Traffic Signing Category Design s IRS web site Traffic and Safety Special Provisions Sign SP Work Zones Category, Maintaining Traffic Typicals Subcategory Work Zones Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Michigan s Local Technical Assistance Program Transportation Technology Transfer Center Michigan Technological University 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton, MI Phone: Mark Bott Mark Bott Alonso Uzcategui Alonso Uzcategui Alonso Uzcategui Alonso Uzcategui Alonso Uzcategui Bruce Munroe Mark Bott Bruce Munroe H:\1TSAD\Korman-Web\mdot_traffic_resources_ext.doc 1 of 5 12/15/06

46 MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Traffic and Safety Standards, Guidelines, Manuals, Forms, Details, Typicals, and Special Provisions, Traffic Signing Category, Michigan Specific Service Mark Bott (LOGO) Signing Program Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Tourist Oriented Directional Sign Program (TODS) Michigan Memorial Highways Forms for Signing Applications: 1501: Camping (Non-Logo or Non-TODS) 1501B: Traffic Generator 1501C: Emergency Service 1501D: College/University Traffic Signing Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic and Safety Home page under Resources MDOT Forms Management Mark Bott Mark Bott Alonso Uzcategui SIGNAL DOCUMENTS AVAILABLITY CONTACT Traffic Signals - A Guide for Their Proper Use Traffic Signal Special Details: City of Detroit Macomb County Oakland County Wayne County Statewide Traffic Signal Special Provisions Traffic Signal Head Placement Diagrams Traffic Signal Vehicle and Pedestrian Change Intervals Traffic Signal Timing Permit Actuated Controller (EPAC) (Form P1500B) Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic Signals Category, Design s IRS web site Traffic and Safety Special Provisions Signal SP Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory MDOT Forms Management Paula Corlett Doug Adelman Doug Adelman Doug Adelman Paula Corlett Paula Corlett H:\1TSAD\Korman-Web\mdot_traffic_resources_ext.doc 2 of 5 12/15/06

47 MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Traffic and Safety Standards, Guidelines, Manuals, Forms, Details, Typicals, and Special Provisions Traffic Signal Timing Permit MDOT Forms Management Paula Corlett Interval Oriented Controller (EPIC or EF140) (Form P1500D) - Michigan Signal Optimization Guidelines Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Paula Corlett Michigan Timing Plan Preparation Guidelines Left-Turn Phasing Signal Guidelines Guidelines for the Use and Operation of Pedestrian Signals PAVEMENT MARKING DOCUMENTS Pavement Marking Typicals Pavement Marking Convoy Typicals Pavement Marking Materials Usage Guidelines Guidelines for the Use of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) Pavement Marking Special Provisions Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Traffic Signals Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory AVAILABLITY Pavement Markings Category, Pavement Marking Typicals Subcategory Pavement Markings Category, Convoy Typicals Subcategory Pavement Markings Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Pavement Markings Category, Correspondence/Guidelines Subcategory Design s IRS web site Traffic & Safety Special Provisions - Pavement Marking SP Paula Corlett Paula Corlett Paula Corlett CONTACT Jill Morena Jill Morena Jill Morena Jill Morena Jill Morena H:\1TSAD\Korman-Web\mdot_traffic_resources_ext.doc 3 of 5 12/15/06

48 MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Traffic and Safety Standards, Guidelines, Manuals, Forms, Details, Typicals, and Special Provisions MISCELLANEOUS AVAILABLITY CONTACT DOCUMENTS Geometric Design Guides Traffic and Safety Notes Questions and Answers About Residential Speed Control Questions and Answers For Establishing Realistic Speed limits Geometric Design Guides Category Traffic and Safety Notes Category, Miscellaneous Category Miscellaneous Category Julie Townsend Julie Townsend Leo Arens Leo Arens H:\1TSAD\Korman-Web\mdot_traffic_resources_ext.doc 4 of 5 12/15/06

49 MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Traffic and Safety Standards, Guidelines, Manuals, Forms, Details, Typicals, and Special Provisions Traffic Guidelines within the Traffic and Safety Notes: Evaluation of Directional Signing Requests (Note 107) Guidelines for Installation of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Signals (Note 204) Guidelines for Installation of Emergency Vehicle Advance Warning (Note 205) Guidelines for Pedestrian Push Button Use & Location (Note 207) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Driveway Passing Flares (Note 603) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Right-Turn Lanes and Tapers (Note 604) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Left-Turn Lanes and Passing Flares at Unsignalized Intersections (Note 605) Guidelines for Selecting Curb at Commercial Drives (Note 611) Guidelines for Illumination at Railroad Crossings (Note 803) Guidelines for Maintaining Traffic Capacity (Note 901) Traffic and Safety Notes Category, Notes Manual Subcategory Julie Townsend H:\1TSAD\Korman-Web\mdot_traffic_resources_ext.doc 5 of 5 12/15/06