TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTES. Michigan Department of Transportation. Traffic and Safety NOTES 101A TO 1103A ENGLISH VERSION

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1 Michigan Department of Transportation Traffic and Safety TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTES NOTES 101A TO 1103A Disclaimer: The information provided is a product of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) and is intended for your use and is not to be sold or otherwise distributed for profit. There are no expressed or implied warranties concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability or usability of this information. The MDOT assumes no responsibility for any incorrect results or damage resulting from the use of this information. ENGLISH VERSION PREPARED BY TRAFFIC AND SAFETY Michigan Department of Transportation The information presented in these documents has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general use. It should not be used for specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR KIRK T. STEUDLE ENGINEER OF TRAFFIC AND SAFETY DRAWN BY: DFK CHECKED BY: JAT suitability and applicability by a licensed professional engineer. FILE: K:/DGN/Coverpage/Cover em tsd notes.dgn REV. 08/18/2008 jt

2 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTES INTRODUCTION The Traffic and Safety Support Area maintains these Notes as a means of describing practices and procedures, and giving technical guidance to Transportation Service Center (TSC), Region, and Lansing personnel involved in traffic and safety activities. Information contained in the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices and reference material such as standards, guides, manuals, and specifications are not included in these Notes. These Notes are intended to supplement and provide a basis of application of the above documents to ensure uniformity and do not replace nor supersede any Department Directives, manuals, guides, etc. The Traffic and Safety Notes serve as a guide and do not replace the need for an engineering study or judgment when evaluating a traffic and safety issue. The Traffic and Safety Notes Committee, consisting of Region and Lansing staff, has the responsibility of reviewing and recommending changes to these Notes. Regional/TSC and Lansing staff are encouraged to make their needs for new or revised Notes known to the Traffic and Safety Notes Coordinator or one of the committee members. A new or revised Note will only be issued after a complete review by the affected Lansing unit(s) and all Region Traffic and Safety Engineers and approved by the Traffic Recommendations Committee (TRC) and the Engineering Operations Committee (EOC). These Traffic and Safety Notes will be kept current by adding, removing, and replacing pages, as necessary. Design values are presented in this document in both English (U.S. customary) and metric units. The English values are those that would have been used if the document had been presented exclusively in English units; the metric values are those that would have been suggested had the document been presented exclusively in metric units. The relationship between the English and metric values may be an exact (soft) conversion or a rationalized (hard) conversion. Therefore, the user is advised to work entirely in one system and not attempt to convert directly between the two. MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Introduction 2/01/06

3 MDOT TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTES INDEX Introduction Section 200 Traffic Signals Operational Standards and Practices Installation Operation Feedback Department Participation Section 300 Pavement Markings and Delineation Section 400 School & Pedestrian Traffic Control Section 500 Traffic Operation Section 600 Access Management and Design Guidelines Section 700 Parking Section 800 Roadway Lighting Section 900 Construction Zones, Maintenance Zones and Incident Management Section 1000 Crash Information Section 1100 Miscellaneous Appendix A Cross-Reference Resources Michigan Department of Transportation Traffic and Safety Notes Index 04/17/12

4 Section 200 Traffic Signals Operational Standards and Practices 201 (2.1.1) Procedures for Installing or Modifying Electrical Devices 202 (2.1.2) Required Intersection Widening to Accommodate New Signals 203 (2.1.3, 2.3.2) Verification That Signal Timing Has Been Installed in the Controller 204 (2.1.4) Guidelines for Installation of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Signals 205 (2.1.5) Guidelines for Installation of Emergency Vehicle Advance Warning Signs Supplemented with Flashers or Pre-empt of Existing Traffic Signals 206 (2.1.7) Symbol Signs for Signalized Intersections 207 (2.1.8) Guidelines for Pedestrian Push Button Use & Location 208 (6.7.2) Signs with Flashing Beacons 209 (New) Countdown Pedestrian Signals - pending 210 (New) Application of the MMUTCD Traffic Signal Warrants 211 (New) Procedure for Installing a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon 212 (New) Signs with Rectangular Flashing Beacons Installation 221 (2.2.1) Resolutions for Cost Participation 222 (2.2.3) Electrical Devices Installed on Construction Projects 223 (2.2.4) Postcards for Completion Dates 224 (2.2.5) Notification of Installation of New Traffic Signals Operation Feedback 241 (2.4.1) Field Modification of Traffic Signal Timing Department Participation 261 (2.5.1) Financial Participation in Mast Arm Traffic Signals 262 (2.5.1/New) Financial Participation in Traffic Signals Due to Operational Changes 263 (2.1.6) Termination of Traffic Signal Cost Agreements MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 7/12/11

5 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 207B SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Guidelines for Pedestrian Push Button Use & Location To Promote the Uniform Location of Pedestrian Push Buttons. COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: When a traffic signal is fully or semi-actuated, or when the time required for pedestrians to cross is the controlling factor in determining the timing of a traffic signal, pedestrian actuation (pedestrian push buttons) should be considered. The Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MMUTCD) says pedestrian detectors (pedestrian push buttons) should be conveniently located near each end of the crosswalk where pedestrian actuation is required. The Traffic Signals Unit is now using sign R10-3b or R10-3d with pedestrian actuated signals. This sign shall be mounted above the push button and shall be located so that the arrow points in the direction of the roadway to be crossed. This is normally shown on the signal drawing along with the location of the push button and the correct direction of the arrow. The placement of pedestrian push button signal poles or pedestals will vary depending on the sidewalk layout. This makes it difficult to develop a typical placement of the sign so that all pedestrians can see it. Two possible solutions follow: 1) Two or more signs could be placed so that pedestrians approaching the intersection from any direction would see a sign. 2) At certain locations it may be desirable to supplement the signs with a larger sign attached to the pole or pedestal to call attention to the push button. This sign, above the sign, may say, PUSH BUTTON FOR WALK, and should have a seven foot bottom height. Region/TSC Traffic & Safety Representatives, along with personnel from Traffic Signals Unit, should field review all existing pedestrian actuated signal locations to determine if existing signing is adequate. At new signal locations the location and number of R10-3b or R10-3d signs should be determined at the time of the field layout. Attached are example layouts for push button and sign locations. 207B (2.1.8) 1 of 3 09/15/05

6 FLASHING STEADY START CROSSING Watch For Vehicles DON T START Finish Crossing If Started DON T CROSS This Sign R10-3b [9 in (230 mm) by 12 in (300 mm)] Shall Be Mounted Above The Push Button And Shall Be Located With The Arrow Pointing In The Direction Of The Roadway To Be Crossed. START CROSSING TO MEDIAN Watch For Vehicles TO CROSS PUSH BUTTON FLASHING STEADY DON T START Finish Crossing To Median If Started DON T CROSS TO CROSS PUSH BUTTON 4-3" From Ground 6" Push Button R10-3d 9 in (230 mm) by 12 in (300 mm) NOTE: Use R10-3b or R10-3d As Appropriate MINOR STREET SIDEWALK Install Push Buttons & R10-3b [9 in (230 mm) by 12 in (300 mm)] Signs For Crossing Major and Minor Streets (Typical) SIDEWALK FLASHING STEADY START CROSSING Watch For Vehicles DON T START Finish Crossing If Started DON T CROSS TO CROSS PUSH BUTTON FACING WEST MAJOR STREET Michigan Department of Transportation TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE GUIDELINES FOR PEDESTRIAN PUSH BUTTON USE AND LOCATION DRAWN BY: MTS 09/15/2005 CHECKED BY: JAT PLAN DATE: FILE: K:/DGN/ts notes/note207b tsn.dgn 207B SHEET 2 OF 3 REV. 05/21/2013

7 SIDEWALK MAJOR STREET SIDEWALK BUILDING SIDEWALK SIDEWALK MINOR STREET SIDEWALK SIDEWALK SIDEWALK SIDEWALK Example Locations For Push Button And R10-3b Sign For Crossing Major Street NOTE: Use R10-3b or R10-3d As Appropriate Michigan Department of Transportation TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE GUIDELINES FOR PEDESTRIAN PUSH BUTTON USE AND LOCATION DRAWN BY: MTS 09/15/2005 CHECKED BY: JAT PLAN DATE: FILE: K:/DGN/ts notes/note207b tsn.dgn 207B SHEET 3 OF 3 REV. 05/21/2013

8 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 221A SUBJECT: Resolutions for Cost Participation PURPOSE: Comply with Act 51 Requirements for Cost Participation COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: Many smaller governmental agencies are not familiar with all of the information required by the department regarding resolutions for cost participation. In some cases, it has been necessary for the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative to return a resolution to the local agency with a request for additional information. This, of course delays the signal installation. As a result, a form has been prepared which can be used by the various local governmental agencies when approving cost participation in traffic signal installations. The form (see page 2) contains spaces for all of the information necessary for the processing of a Transportation Work Authorization for electronic traffic signal control devices. This is the preferred format, but it is also acceptable if the local agency already is utilizing a form developed by them, that includes all pertinent information. It is necessary that in all cases two signed copies of the resolution document be obtained by the Region/TSC for cost participation from the local agency. 221A (2.2.1) 1 of 2 08/05/04

9 R E S O L U T I O N To be used by Governmental units in connection with cost agreement forms for the installation and maintenance of electrical devices on a state trunkline. (NOTE: It is not necessary to use this form when submitting a Resolution. It may be used as a sample of adequate wording and content for electrical devices Resolutions.) RESOLVED, that the (Title) agrees to participate in the installation and maintenance costs of (Devices) at, (Location) as follows: The agrees to participate in of the actual cost of installation and of the actual cost of (%) (%). (maintenance, electrical energy, leased lines) Mr. /Ms. moved that the above resolution be adopted. Supported by. Yeas Nays I hereby certify that the above is a true copy of the resolution adopted by the of the (Name of Governing Body) (City, etc.) at a meeting held on the. (regular, special) (date) Signed: Title: 221A (2.2.1) 2 of 2 08/05/04

10 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 222A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Electrical Devices Installed On Construction Projects Determine Cost and Design Responsibilities COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: Any new electrical device or change in the operation of an existing device must be approved by the Traffic Signals Unit prior to completion of the scoping process. Any electronic traffic control device required due to work being done as part of a construction project shall be at the project=s expense (Act 51 Paragraph c) unless prior approval is given by Traffic and Safety. The project manager shall hire a pre-qualified traffic signal design consultant to design all electronic traffic control devices on the project unless prior approval is given by Traffic and Safety. Due to the difficulty of scheduling the installation of electrical devices in conjunction with construction projects, all new electrical devices and all existing electronic traffic control devices impacted due to a project shall be included in the project. Therefore, the contractor is responsible for the scheduling and erection of the device. The Traffic Signals Unit will review change requests, design, and installation of electrical devices on construction projects. 222A (2.2.3) 1 of 1 08/05/04

11 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 223A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Postcards for Completion Dates Verify Completion Dates COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: A postpaid postcard, shown below, is attached by the Traffic Signals Unit to all work authorizations issued to the MDOT-Lansing signal shop, Region/TSC electrician, or contract agencies. It is imperative, following the completion of an installation, that they then fill in the completion date on the postcard and returns it to the Traffic Signals Unit by dropping it in any mailbox. It is not until the Traffic Signals Unit receives these cards that power companies can be notified of wattage changes and the final billing process can take place. This form is available on MDOT s internal intranet service. Choose MDOT Forms Services under Quick Picks. Enter the form number The electrician will return post card when work is completed and Traffic Signals Unit will log item into SAFESTAT. 223A (2.2.4) 1 of 1 08/05/04

12 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 224A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Notification of Installation of New Traffic Signals To Alert Motorists to Newly Installed Traffic Signals COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: Isolated or Outskirts Traffic Signals: Traffic signals that are more than one mile from any other traffic signal or are the first traffic signal encountered when entering an area with signals spaced closer than one mile. 1) SIGNAL AHEAD symbol signs (W3-3) should be considered at the appropriate distance in advance of the intersection as determined by the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MMUTCD) or at a greater distance as determined by engineering judgment. A permanent panel with the name of the crossroad may be attached under the W3-3 sign. 2) NEW SIGNAL AHEAD signs with a supplemental panel, ½ MILE (or other distance if appropriate), should be considered in advance of the W3-3 sign. This sign should be removed approximately 90 days after the signal is installed. 3) All signing should be supplemented with fluorescent orange flags to be removed after 90 days. 4) Battery operated flashers may be considered to supplement the signs. All supplemental devices should be removed after approximately 90 days. Non-Isolated Traffic Signals: Traffic signals along a corridor where the spacing is less than one mile. 1) If visibility limited or the signal is not expected some or all of the signing for Isolated Traffic Signals should be considered. 2) W3-3 signs with fluorescent flags should be erected. If visibility is not limited, this signing should be removed after 90 days. Note: The above conditions apply only to the roadways that did not stop prior to signalization. W3-3 signs may be erected on the minor legs if deemed appropriate. All new traffic signals shall be operated in a flashing mode for 224A (2.2.5) 1 of 2 08/05/04

13 approximately one week before beginning STOP-AND-GO OPERATION. Publicity: A note will be included in all new stop-and-go traffic signal work authorizations, requesting the installing agency to inform the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative at least two weeks in advance of installation. The Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative will then issue an announcement to the appropriate people. (City Manager, Police Chief, State Police, newspaper, radio station, etc.) Sample Announcement: NOTIFICATION OF INSTALLATION OF NEW TRAFFIC SIGNAL The MDOT will be installing a new stop-and-go traffic signal at intersection in city/township/county during the week of month, Monday date and year. The signal will operate in a flashing mode for approximately one week before beginning STOP-AND-GO operation. For further information, please call the MDOT Region Office in city at Phone number. A representative of the Traffic Signals Unit and the Region/TSC Traffic and Safety Representative will jointly determine the advance warning requirements of the new signal at the time it is approved. 224A (2.2.5) 2 of 2 08/05/04

14 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 261B SUBJECT: Financial Participation in Traffic Signal Mast Arm Poles & Mast Arms PURPOSE: Assign Cost Participation for Mast Arm Pole Installation COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: The use of mast arm poles and mast arm mounted traffic signals is allowed if requested by the local governmental agency or when a developer installs a new or modified signal, but costs associated with the installation will be paid by the local governmental agency as listed below: 1) There will be no additional installation cost to the local governmental agency if all three of the following are met: A. The department already plans to replace the existing signal heads, span wire, and poles. B. The mast arm pole and mast arm installations are as economical or more economical in cost comparison with span wire installations. C. The traffic signal head configuration is acceptable. 2) The local governmental agency will pay for any additional cost to install mast arm poles and mast arm mounted traffic signals as opposed to span wire mounted signals if the following are met: A. The department already plans to replace the existing signal heads, span wire, and poles. B. A span wire installation is more economical than a mast arm installation. C. The signal head configuration is acceptable. 3) The local governmental agency will pay for all costs associated for the installation of mast arm poles and mast arm mounted traffic signals if the following is met: A. The department has no current plans to replace the existing signal heads, span wire, or poles. B. The signal head configuration is acceptable. 261B(2.5.1) 1 of 2 8/17/2006

15 4) The local agency will pay a biennial fee (estimated at $500 per structure with a 3% increase per year) to cover costs of structural inspection for Category II or Category III mast arm pole and mast arm installations. Inspection will be according to the Michigan Department of Transportation s Procedure for Inspection of Traffic Signal Mast Arm Poles and Mast Arms. This fee will be billed to the local agency by MDOT. The local agency must submit an Advance Resolution to MDOT acknowledging these costs prior to installation of the structures. When existing traffic signal mast arm poles and mast arm installations are replaced, the local governmental agency is responsible for any additional costs due to the mast arm pole and mast arm installation. If the local governmental agency is not willing to pay for any additional costs, a span wire mounted traffic signal will be installed. Due to the limited length of mast arms, they are not suitable to all intersections. If an acceptable traffic signal head configuration cannot be obtained with mast arms pole and mast arms, they will not be allowed regardless of cost. 261B(2.5.1) 2 of 2 8/17/2006

16 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 262A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Financial Participation in Traffic Signals Due to Operational Changes Assign Cost Participation Due to Operational Changes COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: When an operational change to a traffic signal is required due a project not initiated by the department, such as widening of a local road crossing a trunkline or signal modifications due to a development, all costs associated with the modifications shall be at the cost of the local governmental agency or the developer. If the controller is not adequate to handle the new operation or if the controller is 10 years old or older, the controller along with the cabinet will be replaced at no cost to the department. All requests of this type should be processed as a permit to work within MDOT Right-of-Way. The Traffic Signals Unit will assign costs due to operation changes. 262A (2.5/NEW) 1 of 1 08/05/04

17 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 263A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Termination of Traffic Signal Cost Agreements To Notify all Necessary Parties that an Electrical Device or Traffic Signal has been Removed COORDINATING UNIT: Traffic Signals Unit INFORMATION: This note defines a procedure and provides a sample letter to notify all necessary parties of the removal of electrical devices. Once the electrical device or traffic signal is removed, records and files need to be updated to eliminate the possibility of paying future maintenance and utility costs on the removed device. When a traffic signal is removed, upon receipt of the work authorization completion date from the Maintenance Division, the Traffic Signals Unit will prepare and mail the attached letter to the participating, maintaining, and billing agencies identified on the existing cost agreement. 263A (2.1.6) 1 of 2 08/05/04

18 DATE: File No. TO: FROM: Traffic Signals Unit Supervisor SUBJECT: Termination of Traffic Signal Cost Agreements Traffic Signal Permit Number, County Please make the following changes on your copy of the above-mentioned maintenance cost agreement for traffic signal control. Cancel the current agreement effective as this device was removed on. By copy of this letter, we are requesting our Finance Division, Signal Shop, Maintenance Division and Region/TSC office not to accept or pay any billings for utilities or maintenance after the above effective date. cc: Traffic Signals Unit Supervisor Finance Signal Shop Maintenance Maintaining Agency Files Power Company Telephone Company Electronic Systems Unit Region Traffic and Safety Representative TSC Traffic and Safety Representative 263A (2.1.6) 2 of 2 08/05/04

19 Section 300 Pavement Markings and Delineation 302 (3.1.6) Pavement Markings for Aerial Speed-Surveillance 303 (3.1.12) Railroad Grade Crossing Pavement Markings 304 (3.1.13) Authorization of Crosswalk Markings and Stop Bars 305 (4.1) Roadway Delineation 306 (New) Procedure for Installing Shared Lane Markings MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 8/21/12

20 Section 400 School & Pedestrian Traffic Control 401 (6.9) Mid-Block Non-Motorized Crosswalks 402 (5.4.1) School Speed Limits 403 (5.4.2) Signing for School Speed Zones 404 (6.7.2, School Signs with Flashing Beacons , , , and ) 405 (6.7.3) School Traffic Signals 406 (6.7.4) School Crossing Guards MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 7/12/11

21 Section 500 Traffic Operation 503 (6.4) State Trunkline Highway Turning Movements 504 (6.5) Divided Roadway Intersections 505 (6.8) Monitoring Traffic Operations After Opening of Completed Projects 507 (11.4) Directional Median Crossovers 510 (New) Truck Route Classifications Considerations 511 (New) Changeable YOUR SPEED Signs 512 (New) Signing Near Freeways MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 6/19/12

22 Section 600 Access Management and Design Guidelines 601 (New) Access Management 602 (7.2) Roadside Traffic Control Islands 603 (7.3) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Driveway Passing Flares 604 (7.5) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Right-Turn Lanes and Tapers 605 (7.6) Traffic Volume Guidelines for Left-Turn Lanes and Passing Flares at Unsignalized Intersections 606 (7.7) Passing Relief Lanes 607 (7.8) Traffic Impact Studies 608 (7.9) Spacing for Commercial Drives and Streets 609 (7.11) Rumble Strips on State Trunkline Approaches 611 (7.2) Guidelines for Selecting Curb at Commercial Drives 612 (7.1) Clear Vision Areas 613 (New) Traffic Impact Assessment 614 (New) Near Side/Far Side Lane Drop MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 7/12/11

23 Section 700 Parking 704 (New) Parking Facility Dimensions MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 8/21/12

24 801 (17.1) Non-Freeway Lighting 802 (17.2) Freeway Lighting Section 800 Roadway Lighting MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 7/12/11

25 Section 900 Construction Zones, Maintenance Zones And Incident Management 901 (12.1.1) Guidelines for Maintaining Traffic Capacity 902 (12.1.3) Speed Limits in Work Zones - pending 903 (12.1.5) Maintaining Traffic During Roadway Work at Railroad Crossings 904 (12.1.7) Construction Zone Checklist for Traffic Controls 905 (12.2.2) Special Provisions for Maintaining Traffic - pending 906 (12.4) Temporary Signals on Projects 907 (New) Incentive/Disincentive Clause 908 (New) Capacity in Traffic Regulating Zones 909 (New) Incident Management Route Signing MDOT Traffic and Safety Notes Index 7/12/11

26 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 901B SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Guidelines for Maintaining Traffic Capacity To Provide Guidance in Determining the Appropriate Maintaining Traffic Scheme Geometric Design Unit INFORMATION: The following charts are provided to assist with determining an appropriate maintaining traffic scheme. Values below are generalizations of the Charts I through IV on the following pages. For greater accuracy at specific locations, the use of the appropriate chart is recommended. For more information on work zone management see the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Manual. HIGHWAY FACILITY Maximum Hourly Capacity Values For Construction Areas UNITS Level of Service C Level of Service D Level of Service E Rural two-lanes, two-way Veh/hr 1330* 1610* 1900* Rural Multi-lane Veh/hr/lane Urban Freeway Veh/hr/lane Urban Vehicle/hour of green/lane 1650 *Total volume for both directions Average Adjustment Factors LANE WIDTH SIDE CLEARANCE 12 foot lane 1.00 Unrestricted foot lane 0.95 Restricted One Side foot lane 0.90 Restricted Both Sides B (12.1.1) 1 of 4 7/08/08

27 CHART I MAXIMUM HOURLY VOLUMES FOR SIGNALIZED FLOW Lane Characteristics No Turns 50% Turns* 100% Turns* or Right-turn lane U-turn Crossover Lane Width (ft) N/A 40% Unrestricted Restricted Green Time 50% 60% Unrestricted Restricted Unrestricted Restricted Assumptions: a) Level of Service E b) 5% trucks c) Level Terrain d) Urban Area *Assumes no left turns through opposing traffic from lane being analyzed. Left turns with opposing traffic merit special consideration. If there is no opposing traffic, then left turns are treated as right turns. For example: No opposing traffic 30% rights & 20% lefts Use Table Values for 50% turns. 901B (12.1.1) 2 of 4 7/08/08

28 Characteristics of the Facility Operating Speed (Assume a 10 mph reduction in speed in the work zone) CHART II MAXIMUM HOURLY VOLUMES FOR URBAN FREEWAYS Lane Width (ft) Level of Service A 60 mph Level of Service B 55 mph Level of Service C 50 mph Level of Service D 40 mph Level of Service E mph Level of Service D 40 mph Level of Service E 901B (12.1.1) 3 of 4 7/08/ mph v/c Average Highway 70 mph 50 mph Speed Unrestricted Restricted One Side Restricted Both Side Assumptions: a) 5% trucks b) Level terrain c) Uninterrupted flow Characteristics of the Facility Operating Speed (Assume a 10 mph reduction in speed in the work zone) CHART III MAXIMUM HOURLY VOLUMES FOR MULTILANE & DIVIDED HIGHWAY UNITERRUPTED FLOW (RURAL) Lane Width (ft) Level of Service A 60 mph Level of Service B 55 mph Level of Service C 50 mph Level of Service D 40 mph Level of Service E mph Level of Service D 40 mph Level of Service E mph v/c Average Highway 70 mph 50 mph Speed Unrestricted Restricted One Side Restricted Both Side Assumptions: a) 5% trucks b) Level terrain

29 CHART IV MAXIMUM HOURLY VOLUMES FOR TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS Characteristics of the Facility Operating Speed (Assume a 10 mph reduction in speed in the work zone) Lane Width (ft) Level of Service A Level of Service B Level of Service C Level of Service D Level of Service E 60 mph 50 mph 40 mph 35 mph 30 mph v/c Average Highway Speed 70 mph Unrestricted Restricted One Side Restricted Both Side CHART IV continued for lower average highways speeds Characteristics of the Facility Operating Speed (Assume a 10 mph reduction in speed in the work zone) Lane Width (ft) Level of Service C Level of Service D Level of Service E Level of Service D Level of Service E v/c Average Highway 50 mph 40 mph Speed Unrestricted Restricted One Side Restricted Both Side Assumptions: a) 5% trucks b) Level terrain c) Uninterrupted flow 901B (12.1.1) 4 of 4 7/08/08

30 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 902A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Speed Limits in Work Zones To Provide Guidance for Selection of Work Zone Speed Limits Traffic Signs and Delineation Unit INFORMATION: This Page is reserved for Note 902A. 902A (12.1.3) 1 of 1 08/05/04

31 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 903B SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Maintaining Traffic During Roadway Work at Railroad Crossings Consistent and Proper Maintaining Traffic Schemes at Railroad Crossings Governmental and Railroad Coordination Unit INFORMATION: Railroad crossings need to be considered early in the design process. The application of this guideline is intended for projects where traffic maintenance during construction is temporary (i.e., less than one day s duration) and actively conducted such as with a traffic regulator. Examples of these types of projects include mill and resurface jobs where all lanes are open at night and preventative maintenance crack overbanding and spot patching jobs. Unattended traffic shifts accomplished by signing and arrow panels at crossings, roadway widenings, and/or concurrent railroad work require more extensive considerations than described in this guideline. For such projects, contact should be made to Lansing Design s Trunkline Crossing Program for their assistance. The common practice of gapping out the crossing area in the project work limits is not recommended. Extending the work limits to the edge of the crossing surface only adds approximately $2,000 (2003 dollars) to the roadway project and results in a contiguous segment of refurbished roadway. It costs many times this amount to develop a stand-alone project to refurbish 15 ft (4.6 m) of pavement on both crossing approaches at a later date. Design of a roadway project should consider two types of possible impacts upon the crossing environment. The first consideration is whether or not construction work is intended to take place within 15 ft (4.6 m) of the live rail 25 ft (7.6 m) for crossings with the Canadian National/Wisconsin Central Limited (CN/WCL). If roadway construction equipment operates closer than these limits, a railroad watchperson must be present and it is the contractor s responsibility to obtain and pay for this service as described in the COORDINATION CLAUSE FOR RAILROAD WORK document in the project proposal. The main purpose of a railroad watchperson being present during construction adjacent to the crossing is to ensure the crossing is clear of construction equipment and safe for train passage. A secondary function may be to inform the contractor well in advance of approach train movements. Typical charges for a railroad watchperson are $100 per 8 hour day to $900 per 8 hour day (2008 dollars). In addition to the contractor obtaining the services of a railroad watchperson, the contractor will be required by the railroad to purchase an insurance policy against 903B (12.1.5) 1 of 6 7/08/08

32 damage to railroad equipment and facilities as described in the SPECIAL PROVISION FOR RAILROAD PROTECTIVE LIABILITY INSURANCE document, also in the project proposal. The cost of such a policy is on the order of $4,000 (2008 dollars). The NOTICE TO BIDDER document in the project proposal provides the train speed and frequency information necessary for the contractor to estimate the cost of railroad protective liability insurance in bidding the roadway work. The manner by which traffic will be maintained at the crossing during construction needs to be considered. Maintaining traffic issues can arise even if no physical construction work is performed in the vicinity of the crossing. An example of this situation is where a long traffic regulator zone on a two-lane twoway roadway contains a crossing. When traffic is running reverse to normal travel, the normal right-hand approach display of railroad warning devices at the crossing is then on the far left departure side of the crossing. In order to maintain a consistent message as to the stopping point to the motorist, contractor stationing of an intermediate roadway traffic regulator is required as described in the paragraphs entitled SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AT RAILROAD CROSSING to be inserted into the Special Provision for Maintenance of Traffic. Please see page 4 of these notes. Insert A is appropriate when traffic regulator zones will occur over the crossing while insert B is appropriate when a traffic regulator is not used. When referring to the crossing, use the G O Number (Crossing Number of the Control Section) or the National Inventory Number (NI#) rather then the grade crossing milepoint. The NI# will be located on a tag the size of a motorcycle license plate, in a format of six digits and a letter, on one of the flasher masts, crossbuck posts, or nearby utility pole. Four possible project scenarios and the appropriate railroad related bid documents are illustrated in the following examples. 1) Milling to crossing surface on roadway, traffic maintained by traffic regulator. The following should be included in the bid package: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AT RAILROAD CROSSING to be inserted into the Special Provision for Maintenance of Traffic Format A, COORDINATION CLAUSE FOR RAILROAD WORK, SPECIAL PROVISION FOR RAILROAD PROTECTIVE LIABILITY INSURANCE, and NOTICE TO BIDDER (with Train Speed and Frequency) 2) Milling to crossing surface on roadway, traffic maintained by detour. The following should be included in bid package: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AT RAILROAD CROSSING to be inserted into the Special Provision for Maintenance of Traffic Format B, COORDINATION CLAUSE FOR RAILROAD WORK, SPECIAL PROVISION FOR RAILROAD PROTECTIVE LIABILITY 903B (12.1.5) 2 of 6 7/08/08

33 INSURANCE, and NOTICE TO BIDDER (Train Speed and Frequency). 3) No roadway construction work near crossing, traffic maintained by traffic regulator. The following should be include in bid package: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AT RAILROAD CROSSING to be inserted into the Special Provision for Maintenance of Traffic Format A, COORDINATION CLAUSE FOR RAILROAD WORK, and NOTICE TO BIDDER (Train Speed and Frequency) 4) No roadway construction work near crossing, traffic flow is in normal state in vicinity of crossing but crossing is within project limits or near beginning/ending of project limits. The following should be include in bid package: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AT RAILROAD CROSSING to be inserted into the Special Provision for Maintenance of Traffic Format B, COORDINATION CLAUSE FOR RAILROAD WORK, and NOTICE TO BIDDER (Train Speed and Frequency) The railroad related bid documents and select pages of the plans are transmitted to the railroad. Sending the documents generated to the railroad and indicating the type of work and anticipated construction period serves to allow the railroad to coordinate any maintenance activities they have scheduled along with identifying the extent of requests for railroad watchpersons for the construction season. A copy of the transmittal letter should be submitted at the time of certification bid turn-in in the project s acceptance/certification package. See also Section of Act 354 of 1993 for background information (see page 5 and 6 of this note and/or which defines the railroad and road authority responsibilities in state law. The Department also has Master Agreements and Maintenance Contracts with most operating railroad which further defines the railroad/road authority relationship. For information on the Master Agreements and Maintenance Contracts, please contact Lansing Design s Trunkline Crossing Program. For more information on work zone management see the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Manual. 903B (12.1.5) 3 of 6 7/08/08

34 Maintaining Traffic Inserts: Special Considerations at Railroad Crossings Insert A: An intermediate traffic regulator will be needed at the railroad crossing while it is in a zone where traffic is maintained by traffic regulator control or while traffic shifted in a direction opposed to normal flow through signage. Every effort should be made by the contractor s construction methods as to not obstruct the right-hand display of the railroad signal to traffic approaching the crossing. The intermediate traffic regulator shall serve to stop traffic for vehicles traveling in the direction opposed to normal flow and prevent them entering the crossing upon a train approaching the crossing. The contractor shall place a temporary stop line to indicate the stopping point in advance of the crossing for vehicles traveling in a direction opposed to normal flow. The intermediate traffic regulator(s) and temporary stop line(s) are considered incidental to Flag Control and will not be paid for separately. The contractor is responsible for contacting the applicable railroad to obtain and pay for a railroad watchperson as described in the Coordination Clause for Railroad Work when construction activities are within 15 feet (4.6 m) from the outside rail on either crossing approach (25 feet (7.5 m) for CN/WCL). When the railroad crossing is in the influence zone of active construction work, but not in a lane closure, the traffic regulator shall give immediate preference to clearing any traffic which backs-up over the crossing as a result of the traffic regulator control away from the crossing. No lane closure taper(s) may extend through the crossing. Traffic lane shifts cannot transition over the crossing. No construction traffic control devices may be placed in the railroad crossing or closer than 15 feet (4.6 m). Insert B: When the railroad crossing is in the influence zone of active construction work, but not in a lane closure, the traffic regulator shall give immediate preference to clearing any traffic which backs-up over the crossing as a result of the traffic regulator control away from the crossing. No lane closure taper(s) may extend through the crossing. Traffic lane shifts cannot transition over the crossing. No construction traffic control devices may be placed in the railroad crossing or closer than 15 ft (4.6 m) from the outside rail on either crossing approach. 903B (12.1.5) 4 of 6 7/08/08

35 Addendum to Traffic and Safety Note 903B RAILROAD CODE OF 1993 (EXCERPT) Act 354 of Maintenance, renewal, and repair of roadbeds, tracks, culverts, and certain streets or sidewalks. Sec (1) A railroad owning tracks across a public street or highway at grade shall at its sole cost and expense construct and thereafter maintain, renew, and repair all railroad roadbed, track, and railroad culverts within the confines of the street or highway, and the streets or sidewalks lying between the rails and for a distance outside the rails of one foot beyond the end of the ties. The road authority at its sole cost and expense shall construct or improve if necessary and thereafter maintain, renew, and repair the remainder of the street or highway. (2) The space between the rails and for a distance outside of the rails of one foot beyond the end of the ties shall be surfaced with a material which shall be as durable and as smooth as the adjacent street or highway surfacing, and shall have minimum qualifications not inferior to wood planks, and shall conform, as nearly as reasonably may be, to the configuration of the adjacent street or highway. In the case of streets and highways constructed or reconstructed after the effective date of this act, the surfacing of planks or other material shall have a minimum length equal to the length between the established curb lines, or, in the absence of curb lines, equal to the length between the established shoulder lines of the street or highway plus two feet on each side of the street or highway. (3) The full cost of maintaining and repairing all existing crossings shall be borne by the respective parties responsible for the work as provided in this act. The cost of improving an existing crossing, where improvement is necessary, shall be borne in the same manner as provided in this act for maintenance and repair. (4) Any alteration in the existing elevation of the top of railroad track or highway surface in excess of one inch shall be mutually determined by the railroad and road authority, but in case of failure to agree, the parties may apply to the department which may provide for the alteration after hearing. Where the change in elevation of track rails is agreed upon or authorized for purposes other than to conform to the configuration of the adjacent street or highway, the entire cost shall be borne by the party requesting the change. (5) The railroad shall not perform any work, except emergency repairs, on public streets or highways between the established curb lines, or, in the absence of established curb lines, between the established shoulder lines of the street or highway, without first notifying the road authority having jurisdiction over the 903B (12.1.5) 5 of 6 7/08/08

36 street or highway, and without first providing and thereafter maintaining the necessary traffic controls in accordance with the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The railroad plan for maintaining traffic showing the necessary barricades, lights, flaggers, and traffic detours and other traffic controls shall be approved by the road authority before the work begins. (6) In cases of sidewalk repair or construction, a railroad shall first be given the right to construct in the same manner as that right is given to individuals, and if it fails, the local unit of government may cause the sidewalk to be constructed at the expense of the railroad, with the cost to be collected in the usual manner as provided in the law governing that local unit of government. In the case of the construction of a railroad upon any public street, lane, alley, or highway, the same shall be on such terms and conditions as shall be agreed upon between the railroad company and the governing body of any city, or the village board of any village, or the township board of any township and appropriate road authority in which the railroad is located; but the railroad shall not be constructed upon any public street, lane, alley, highway, or private way until damages and compensation are made by the railroad company to the owner or owners of property adjoining the street, lane, alley, highway, or private way and opposite where the railroad is to be constructed either by agreement between the railroad company and each owner or owners, or as otherwise provided in this act for obtaining property or franchises for the purpose of constructing a railroad. (7) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a road authority, at its discretion and sole cost and expense, from performing any of the work described in this section provided that the road authority receives approval from and gives notice to the railroad. (8) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, neither the railroad nor the road authority shall charge any type of access fee, inspection fee, or right of entry fee in connection with the performance of work described in this section. History: 1993, Act 354, Imd. Eff. Jan. 14, 1994;--Am. 2002, Act 420, Imd. Eff. June 5, B (12.1.5) 6 of 6 7/08/08

37 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 904A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Construction Zone Checklist for Traffic Controls To Promote the Uniform Evaluation of Traffic Control in Construction Project Areas Traffic Signs & Delineation INFORMATION: In order to assist persons responsible for providing continued effective traffic control through construction project areas, a Construction Zone Checklist has been developed for use in the field. A copy of the checklist is available from the Work Zone Administrator at the Construction and Technology Office (Brain Zimmerman as of 2004). A new Construction Zone Checklist should be obtained every year to ensure that the latest version is being used. The Construction Zone Checklist should be used by Lansing and Region/TSC Traffic and Safety personnel for field review of traffic control in construction areas. Recommendations for adjustment to any feature of the traffic control plan for a particular construction project should be referred to the Project Engineer for consideration. Region/TSC Construction personnel should also be encouraged to employ this checklist for periodic review of traffic control throughout construction projects. 904A (12.1.7) 1 of 1 08/05/04

38 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 905A SUBJECT: PURPOSE: COORDINATING UNIT: Special Provisions for Maintaining Traffic To Standardize a Maintaining Traffic Format that can be Included with Contract Documents Standards and Services Unit INFORMATION: This page is reserved for Note 905A. 905A (12.2.2) 1 of 1 08/05/04

39 TRAFFIC AND SAFETY NOTE 907B SUBJECT: PURPOSE: Incentive/Disincentive Clause To Provide Guidance for Calculating Capacity in Determining if an Incentive/Disincentive is Warranted COORDINATING UNIT: Geometric Design Unit INFORMATION: To justify an incentive/disincentive (I/D) clause, delay-related user costs must exceed the I/D dollar amount. Generally, the I/D dollar value should not exceed five percent of the construction contract. Determining the impact on capacity may also be useful in determining the impact on the Central Business District or as a Context Sensitive Measure. The attached information can be used as an initial tool to estimate capacity in determining whether or not an I/D clause is warranted for a construction project. Please also see Note 901-Series for Guidelines for Maintaining Traffic Capacity. For more information on work zone management see the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Manual. 907B (NEW) 1 of 7 7/08/2008

40 GUIDANCE FOR CALCULATING CAPACITY in DETERMINING if an INCENTIVE/DISINCENTIVE CLAUSE Is WARRANTED The attached tables can be used as an initial tool to estimate capacity in determining whether or not an incentive/disincentive (I/D) clause is warranted for a construction project. To justify the clause, delay-related user costs may exceed the I/D dollar amount. Generally, the I/D dollar value should not exceed five percent of the construction contract. Normally, congestion occurs each time traffic demand exceeds the capacity of the roadway under consideration. Since the Design Hourly Volume (DHV) is readily available, it can be used and compared to the appropriate capacity presented in the attached tables. When DHV exceeds available capacity, an incentive/disincentive analysis can be performed to determine the amount of user delay. Twenty-four hour counts and the maintaining traffic plan are required to perform this analysis. Currently, the department uses the construction congestion (C03) program to estimate total user delay cost associated with construction activities. (Contact the Traffic and Safety Region Services area of Construction & Technology for more information on the C03 program.) The total delay cost calculated by this program is the sum of speed and backup delay. Speed delay is the difference in time to travel the distance through a work zone (or around it if a detour is required) during construction and the time it would take if there were no construction. Backup delay is the length of time a vehicle spends in queue before entering a work zone. Backup delay occurs when traffic demand exceeds work zone capacity. If a designated detour is present, a traffic distribution model should be used to estimate traffic volumes using the detour and traffic volumes still traveling through the work zone. The C03 program can then be used to estimate user costs. CAPACITY DURING TRAFFIC REGULATING OPERATIONS Attached is a chart and graph showing capacity during traffic regulating operations on two-lane roadways. The capacity of a traffic regulating operation is directly related to the length of the traffic regulating zone. For example, if the posted speed during the traffic regulating operation is 35 mph and traffic demand is 1,000 vph, the length of the traffic regulating operation should not exceed 0.7 miles (1.12 km). The C03 program can be used to calculate user delay. 907B (NEW) 2 of 7 7/08/2008

41 RECOMMENDED DIRECTIONAL WORK ZONE CAPACITIES FOR FREEWAYS NUMBER OF LANES Normal Open VPH (vehicles per hour) AVERAGE CAPACITY of AVAILABLE LANES VPHPL (vehicles per hour per lane) 3 1 1,400 1, ,550 1, ,200 1, ,400 1, ,400 1, ,250 1,750 ADJUSTMENTS 1. If the percentage of trucks is greater than 10 percent, reduce VPH by 10 percent. 2. If an entrance ramp is within the closure zone, reduce the volume of the freeway lane by the minimum of: a. Ramp entering volume in VPHPL b. 800 VPHPL whichever is smaller. 3. Add (or subtract) 10% of the VPH for above (or below) average work activities. a. Work activities which are in close proximity and/or involve larger equipment and numbers of workers would decrease capacity. c. Work activities which involve minimal noise and dust and are remote from open travel lanes would increase capacity. 907B (NEW) 3 of 7 7/08/2008