BASIC MARKSMANSHIP ON PISTOL

Transcription

1 BASIC MARKSMANSHIP ON PISTOL I. DEFINITION: Marksmanship is the skillful art f shting and hitting a target at a given range r knwn distance. II. PRINCIPLES OF MARKSMANSHIP: A. STANCE the excellence f the stance is a majr factr in creating cnditins fr maximum cntrl. Every individual pssesses a cmbinatin f individual characteristic that are peculiar t him alne. Examples f these are height, weight and prprtin f bdy develpment t muscle system. Therefre, there is n definite all purpse stance which applies equally t all shters. The shter n the basis f his wn particular cnfiguratin must find a stance which prvides the greatest degree f stability fr his bdy. Main Requirements f a Stance: a. Equilibrium f Stability the greatest pssible degree f equilibrium and stability in the bdy weapn system ccurs when there is the least pssible strain n the shulder s muscles. b. Head Psitin prper head psitin is that psitin which will allw the mst efficient use f the shter s eyes thrughut the sighting and aiming prcess. The head shuld have a natural tilt. c. Prper Stance the shulder shuld becme familiar with assuming the prper stance, and practice getting the same stance each time: (1) Psitin f the Feet abut the width f the shulder with tes pinted ut slightly. (2) Legs Straight but nt tense with the knee jint in a semi-blck but relaxed. (3) Hips shuld be level and in a natural psitin. (4) Nn-Shting Arm (ne Hand shting nly) relaxed and at the side tilt t the bdy. (5) Head and Shulder level, n bunching r sluching with unnatural tilt t the head. (6) Shting Arm shuld be extended with wrist and the elbw lcked withut strain. (7) Bdy Weight shuld be n the tes and nt n the hill and a little bit mre n the frward. 1

2 B. POSITION nce the shter has a cmfrtable and stable stance, it is necessary t align himself with the target in rder t aim at the target in a natural and cnsistent manner. The shter must psitin himself s as t naturally pint his weapn at his target. The shter must maintain a hld which remains in the desired area withut the tendency f his shting arm drifting away frm the aiming area. Prper Psitin t btain prper psitin, apply the fllwing: a. Face the target at a frty five degree (45 ) angle, assuming the prper stance fr nehand shting. The shter can vary his angle t the target up t 90 degrees if this allws him fr better cntrl. b. Face the target squarely fr tw-handed psitin. c. Face the target squarely fr cmbat-type psitin with the left ft stepped frward fr a right-hand shter placing the feet apart fr abut the width f the shulder. d. Psitin yur head s that yu lk at the target with yur eyes straight ahead. e. Raise the shting arm and align it with the target. f. Clse yur eyes, lwer and raise yur arm and relax. g. Open yur eyes and check psitin, if the sights are aligned with the target yu have a gd psitin. h. If yur arms settle t ne side f the target cmpensate by mving the feet right r left if necessary. If yur arms settle high r lw, cmpensate by clsing r pening the distance between yur feet. C. GRIP the prper grip is ne which prvides the shulder with the maximum cntrl f the weapn. The mst imprtant feature f the grip is unifrmity. T maintain a natural sight alignment, the shter must hld the weapn firmly. He must be able t apply psitive straight t the rear pressure n the trigger that will nt disturb the sight alignment when the hammer fails. Methds f Prper Grip a. Pick up the pistl with the nn-shting arm by the barrel end f the slide and keep the muzzle dwn range. b. Spread the index finger and the thumb f the shting hand apart t frm a V f the shting hand direct under the tanned f the grip safety. D nt rll them. c. Wrap the lwer fingers arund the pistl and shuld exert equal pressure, straight t the bttm f the V. The heel f the shting arm shuld be well up n the main spring husing. d. The thumb shuld be exerted very little pressures as tightening f the muscles cntrlling the thumb will cause sme tightening f the muscles cntrlling the trigger finger. e. Placement f the trigger finger shuld be where if falls naturally n the trigger. This usually between the tip and the jint. Regardless f hand size and finger length, the shter shuld always apply pressure straight t the rear. f. The crrect pressure n the grip is when the shter can hld withut a tremble r free actin n the trigger. A gd methd fr btaining pressure is t squeeze with the entire hand until pistl and hand starts t tremble, then gradually relax the grip until trembling ceases. 2

3 D. BREATH CONTROL - The breathing prcesses prvides the bdy with the xygen and eliminates waste elements frm the bld. Crrect breathing while shting is essential t prper bdy functins. A cmplete respiratry cycle last fr 4-5 secnds (inhaling and exhaling) and between each cycle, there is a pause f 2-3 secnds. This pause can be extended up t 10 secnds withut any special labr r unpleasant sensatins. It is during this pause between breaths that the shter fires the sht. The reasn is that during the respiratry pause, the breathing muscles are relaxed thus the shter avids strain frm the diaphragm. Als his cncentratin is nt brken by thinking f the need t breath. If the hlding f the breath is nt sufficient t allw the sht t be fired within the required time, hld, fire, release the trigger, resumes nrmal breathing and repeat the prcess. E. SLIGHT ALIGNMENT is the relatinship between the rear sight and frnt sight with respect t the eye. The frnt sight is centered in the rear sight ntch and the tp f the tp f the blade is even with the tp f the rear sight. F. SIGHT PICTURE is the relatinship between the rear sight and frnt sight t the target with respect t the eye. This differs frm the sight alignment nly by adding the bullseye r aiming pints t the frnt sight blade. Aiming pints cmmnly used: a. Six -clck hld b. Center Hld G. TRIGGER CONTROL is the methd used t apply pressure n the trigger s that the sht can be fired with the least amunt f disturbance t sight alignment. It is the independent actin f the trigger with unifrm increasing pressure straight t the rear after the slack has been taken. 1. Guidelines fr Prper Trigger Cntrl a. The trigger finger is where it falls naturally n the trigger. This varies frm every persn. He will have t find the spt f his finger which suits him best. What is imprtant is the unifrmity f this placement and the ability t apply pressure straight t the rear. b. The slack r free play in the trigger is taken up first. c. Apply pressure with the trigger finger nly. d. Trigger finger must be in an arched psitin t avid cntact with the side f the pistl. 2. Errrs in Trigger Cntrl a. Flinching muscular tensin r reactin in anticipating f the recil. b. Jerking an attempt t make pistl fire at a certain instant by rapidly applying pressure n the trigger. 3. Fllw Thrugh is the cmbined and physical applicatin f the fundamentals after each rund has been fired. The shulder must nt shift his psitin, mve his head r bring dwn the pistl fr a few secnds. 4. Calling the Shts is the predictin f the shts n where the hits are n the target. 3

4 III. BASIC FIREARMS SAFETY PROCEDURES THE FOUR RULES OF GUN SAFETY 1. Cnsider every gun as laded. Every gun has the ptential fr danger. Accidents happen because I thught the gun was empty. If yu always assume that a gun is laded yu avid accidents. 2. Never let the muzzle f a gun pint at anything yu d nt intend t sht. If the gun fired accidentally, the chances f harm is avided if it is pinted in a safe directin. D nt let the muzzle (the hle where the bullet exits) pint at peple, at surface which can be penetrated and where there may be peple behind. 3. Keep yur firearm finger ff the trigger until yu are ready t fire. Trigger finger ut. Never tuch the trigger n a firearm until yu actually intend t sht. Keep yur fingers away frm the trigger while lading r unlading. Never pull the trigger n any firearm with the safety n the safe psitin r anywhere in between safe and fire. It is pssible that the gun can fire at any time, r even later when yu release the safety 4. Be sure f yur target and what is arund it. When yu have made a decisin t sht, make sure yu knw here the bullet will end up. If yu miss, the bullet can hit an inncent bystander r g thrugh a wall and hit smene behind. The Fur Rules f Gun Safety prvide an almst fl-prf guide t prevent any accident. As a gun wner, yu must make them secnd nature t yu. Be a respnsible and safe gun wner. OTHER GUN SAFETY RULES 1. Always keep the gun pinted in a safe directin. 2. Always keep the gun unladed until yu are ready t use it. 3. Learn the mechanical and handling characteristics f the gun yu are using. (Gun Familiarity) 4. Always use prper Ammunitin. 5. Be sure the barrel is clear f bstructins befre lading and shting. 6. If yur gun fails t fire when the trigger is pulled, hld yur shting psitin fr several secnds; then with the muzzle pinted in a safe directin, carefully unlad the gun. 7. Dn't rely n the gun's safety t keep it frm firing. 8. Be aware f yur surrundings when handling guns s yu dn't trip r lse yur balance and accidentally pint and/r fire the gun at anyne r anything. 4

5 IV. FIRING RANGE SAFETY PROCEDURES 1. Make sure that yur firearm is unladed when yu enter a firing range. Check fr lad in a safe area. 2. Handle yur firearm nly in the firing line r safety area with the apprval f the range fficer. Obey yur range fficer. 3. Lad firearm nly upn the advice f the range fficial. 4. Never hld yur firearm if there are peple in frnt f yu r with peple dwn range. 5. In a firing line with n barriers, the persn t yur right is always given pririty unless stated therwise. 6. Always annunce that yu are firing befre yu start shting t allw ther peple t prepare fr yur firing. 7. Always wear eye and ear prtectrs while firing and while inside the firing range. 8. Fllw the 180 degree safety rule. When allwed t handle yur firearm always pint the muzzle f yur firearm dwnrange. 9. Ensure that n magazine is inserted inside yur pistl and keep yur hammer dwn unless yu are allwed t sht. 10. After clearing yur firearm f ammunitin, cck the hammer and pull the trigger with the puzzle pinting wn range t fully ensure that the firearm is cleared f any ammunitin. 11. Hlster (if allwed) r bag firearm if firing. If yu are t place the firearm n a table, pen the cylinder f the unladed revlver r pull back and cck then slide f the pistl. 12. Fllw at all times the fur riles f gun safety. V. BASIC SAFETY TIPS IN THE TRANSPORT OF FIREARMS 1. Always transprt yur firearm in a safe unladed cnditin. 2. Never carry any handgun in yur pcket, purse, r waistband. Use a case r prper hlster with safety flap r strap. 3. Never carry a firearm with a cartridge in the chamber withut the safety level in the SAFE psitin. 4. Always carry yur pistl empty and pen while n a club range. 5. Carry laded pistls with the magazine inserted but with an empty chamber. 6. Carry laded revlvers with an empty chamber under the hammer. 5

6 Objectives At the end f this lessn, yu will be able t: Pistl Manipulatin Demnstrate the lw ready psitin with the pistl. Demnstrate the presentatin frm the lw ready psitin. Lad and unlad the pistl. Demnstrate the magazine exchange and cmbat relad. Demnstrate the fur-step presentatin frm the hlster. Demnstrate malfunctin drills. 1. The Lw Ready Psitin During dry practice r live firing, the weapn is always carried in the hlster. It is nly presented when a target has been identified and yu are ready t sht. Place feet apprximately shulder s width apart, tes pinted tward the target, and the weak side ft is slightly frward f the strng side ft. Bend knees slightly bent, but nt in a deep cruch r squat. Place feet flat n the grund with yur weight evenly distributed. Square yur shulder with the target, similar t the field interrgatin stance, with yur elbws dwn and tucked int the bdy. Yur bdy shuld be bent slightly at the waist with the upper trs leaning slightly frward. (This aids in cntrlling recil and reduces recvery time needed fr fllw-up shts). Relax and hld yur head upright. Hld the pistl in a tw-handed grip in frnt f the belt buckle. Depress the muzzle f the pistl at a 45-degree angle tward grund. Place the trigger finger utside f the trigger guard, straight alng the frame. 2. Presentatin frm the Lw Ready Psitin The term presentatin describes the prcedures invlved in bringing yur weapn int actin. When yu present the pistl t the target frm the lw ready psitin, use a minimum f mvement. Keep yur feet, knees, bdy and head statinary. The nly part f the bdy that mves is yur arms. Punch the pistl straight ut tward the target, with yur elbws as straight as pssible at the end f the extensin. D nt lwer yur head t align the sights, bring the weapn t eye-level while sighting the pistl and punch it tward the target. As this is happening, the trigger finger makes light cntact with the trigger and the crrect sight picture is acquired. Steady pressure is applied t the trigger until the weapn fires. After the weapn fires, reacquire the crrect sight picture. Maintain this sight picture fr apprximately tw secnds. This is referred t as fllw thrugh. 6

7 When the weapn is lwered frm the firing psitin t the lw ready, the head shuld stay upright t bserve and assess the situatin and the trigger finger is placed utside the trigger guard. 3. Lad and Unlad the Pistl a. T Lad the Pistl: Assume the lw ready psitin. Ensure the muzzle is pinted in a safe directin and 45-degrees tward the grund. The trigger finger will be straight alng the frame. Draw a magazine ut f the rear-mst puch. The magazine shuld be facing frward, with the index finger f the supprt hand n the frnt f the first bullet. Use the index finger t guide the magazine t the magazine well. Seat the magazine in the magazine well firmly. (Ensure that it clicks when it is seated). With the supprt hand, grip the tp-rear f the slide (behind the ejectin prt) and pull if frcefully all the way t the rear and let it slam frward. (Ensure that the slide has gne back in-battery). b. T Unlad the Pistl: Assume the lw ready psitin. Ensure the muzzle is pinted in a safe directin and 45-degrees tward the grund. The trigger finger will be straight alng the frame. With the supprt hand, grip the tp rear f the slide (behind the ejectin prt) and pull it frcefully all the way t the rear. This shuld allw the chambered rund t be ejected. With the thumb f the shting hand, push upward n the slide stp lever and lck the slide t the rear. Visually lk int the chamber, insert the index finger f the supprt hand int the ejectin prt and tuch the chamber (this prcedure will ensure the weapn is clear in dark cnditins). Depress the slide stp lever and allw the slide t g frward. 4. Magazine Exchange and Cmbat Relad A. MAGAZINE EXCHANGE: A magazine exchange is cnducted during a lull in the fighting. It is dne t ensure that the weapn is fully laded in preparatin fr further encunters. T perfrm the magazine exchange drill: Ensure the muzzle is pinted 45-degrees tward the grund and in safe directin. The trigger finger is straight alng the frame. Draw a magazine ut f the center puch with the supprt hand. The magazine will be placed facing frward, between the index and middle finger. 7

8 Psitin the supprt hand beneath the magazine well. Release the partial magazine frm the pistl; catch it with the thumb and index finger f the supprt hand. While hlding the partial magazine, insert and seat the fresh magazine. Place the partial magazine in a pcket (D nt put the partial magazine back int a magazine puch). B. COMBAT RELOAD: The cmbat relad is emergency prcedure. It ccurs when the pistl runs ut f ammunitin while the shter is in middle f an engagement. The shter must relad while maintaining fcus n the target, and get back int the fight as quickly as pssible. T perfrm the cmbat relad drill: The pistl will be aimed at the target. When the shter identifies the slide lcked all the way t the rear, he will cant (tilt) the pistl slightly (at eye-level) t allw him t reach the magazine catch. The shter will perfrm simultaneus actins with bth hands; with the shting hand, he will depress the magazine catch and allw the empty magazine t fall t the grund. With the supprt hand, he will draw the magazine ut f the nearest puch and firmly insert it int the magazine well until it seats. The shter will allw the slide t g frward by depressing the slide stp lever with the thumb f his shting hand. He will immediately re-align the sights n target and fire as necessary. 5. Fur-Step Presentatin frm the Hlster In mst cases during tactical peratins, the pistl is a secndary weapn, t be used as a backup in case the primary fails. Due t the fact, the pistl will nrmally be hlstered when the shter needs it during emergencies. He must therefre be very prficient in drawing the pistl and presenting it t the target expeditiusly. When the shter presents the pistl t the target frm the hlster, he will use a minimum f mvement. His feet, knees, bdy and head all remain statinary. The nly part f the bdy that mves is his arms. The pistl presentatin will be accmplished in the fllwing steps: STEP 1: STEP 2: The shter will cnduct simultaneus mvements with bth hands. With the supprt hand, he will slap his stmach just abve his belt buckle and hld his hand there. With the shting hand, he will grip the hlstered pistl high n the tang; the thumb will simultaneusly break the retentin device. (Trigger finger will be extended alng the utside f the hlster). The shter will draw the pistl frm the hlster and rtate it frward until the muzzle is pinting straight frward. (The trigger finger is straight alng the frame). The pistl will be indexed just beneath the pectral muscle. The supprt hand remains n the stmach. 8

9 STEP 3: STEP 4: The hand that grips the pistl is then met by the supprt hand after the muzzle has cleared the bdy. The supprt grip is established clse t the bdy (The trigger finger is straight alng the frame). The pistl is immediately thrust directly tward the target at eye-level in a straight line. The sights shuld be aligned, with the trigger finger placed n the trigger and ready t fire. Dry Fire Exercises Seven (7) cunt familiarizatin drill: 6. Malfunctin Drills 1) Cnduct simultaneus mvements with bth hands. The supprt hand, slap stmach just abve belt buckle, shting hand will grip the hlstered pistl high n the tang; the thumb will simultaneusly break the retentin device. (Trigger finger will be extended alng the utside f the hlster). 2) Draw the pistl frm the hlster placing directin t high ready psitin. The hand that grips the pistl is then met by the supprt hand after the muzzle has cleared the bdy. The supprt grip is established clse t the bdy. (The trigger finger is straight alng the frame). 3) The pistl is immediately thrust directly tward the target at eye-level in a straight line. The sights shuld be aligned, with the trigger finger placed n the trigger and ready t fire. 4) Draw an imaginary target. Pull the trigger by applying steady straight frce t the rear until hummer slam and fire the sht. 5) After the weapn fires, re-acquire the crrect sight picture. Maintain this sight picture fr apprximately tw t three secnds. This is referred t as fllw thrugh. 6) Bring back the pistl at high ready psitin withut interference t yur steady psitin and line f sight. (The recvery state). 7) With the shting hand mving back t puch pistl int the hlster, yur supprt (weak) hand nw stay and disengage frm pistl grip and cnsistently re-acquire starting psitin t its previus state. Bth hands nw hld empty at stmach level just abve the belt buckle. Repeat this cycle as necessary and gradually apply speed as yu dry fire. A malfunctin has ccurred whenever a weapn fails t perate nrmally. This can be caused by a number f reasns such as unseated magazine, brken firing pin, magazine failure, primer failure, imprper grip, dirty pistl and imprper immediate actin. There are tw prcedures t crrect the malfunctin, immediate and remedial actin. If the immediate actin fails t crrect the malfunctin, then perfrm remedial actin. a. Immediate Actin: The immediate actin drill will clear mst malfunctins including an unseated magazine, primer failure and failure t eject. The shter will recgnize the malfunctin when the trigger is either empty r it just clicks when perated. He may als ntice that the slide may be ut f battery, and there may be part f a cartridge sticking ut f the ejectin prt. 9

10 The shter s first actin will be t tap the base f the magazine t ensure that it is seated prperly. He will then grasp the tp-rear f the slide (behind the ejectin prt) and rack it firmly t the rear and let it slam frward by itself. (if the shter cvers the ejectin prt with his hand while grasping the slide, he can cause a duble feed, which can nly be cleared with remedial actin). The shter will then reacquire the sight picture and attempt t fire as necessary. b. Remedial Actin: The remedial actin drill will clear malfunctins t include, duble feed and failure t extract. The shter will recgnize the malfunctin when the trigger is slack when perated. He may als ntice that the slide may ut f battery. The shter s first reactin will be t perfrm the immediate actin drill. (If the malfunctin is caused by a duble feed r failure t extract, the immediate actin drill will nt clear it). The remedial actin will begin with the shter lcking the slide t the rear. He will then strip the magazine ut f the magazine well, and cycle the slide apprximately three times, vigrusly. The shter will then draw a fresh magazine frm the nearest puch and insert it firmly int the weapn. Pull the slide back and release it. The shter will then reacquire the sight picture and attempt t fire as necessary. 10

11 MALFUNCTION DRILLS Malfunctins (als errneusly knwn as "jams") is a way f life in semi-autmatic handguns. Thugh mst mdern guns are relatively reliable, it is always a gd idea t be prepared, because malfunctin seem t happen at the mst inpprtune times. This article als cvers relading, which is nt a malfunctin, but is yet anther reasn why yur gun may nt fire when yu want it t. There are tw types f relad situatins. One, yu've fired all yur runds, and the magazine is empty with the slide r blt lcked back. This is called an Emergency r Nrmal Relad. The secnd, is a "tactical relad", where runds have been fired, but the weapn still has nly abut a rund r tw in it. Yu can use this pprtunity t drp yur nearly empty r empty magazine and lad a new ne. Emergency Relad 1. Identify the need. An emergency relad is needed when yu have spent all the runds frm yur magazine and yur slide is lcked back. 2. Grab a fresh magazine (likely frm a magazine puch). This happens after the slide has lcked back n an empty magazine. 3. Mve the fresh magazine tward the gun, as yu d this Eject the empty magazine. Be sure nt t lse yur ld magazine, and bring yur new magazine int place belw the magazine well. (they shuld essentially pass each ther during the drill). 5. Insert the magazine. Place the rear f the magazine against the rear f the magazine well f the gun, align the tw, and with sme frce (thugh there shuld be little resistance) Seat the magazine using the heel f yur palm. Give it a light tap, yu shuld feel it click int place. 7. Rll yur hand ver the tp f the slide and pull it back tward yur chest. Be sure nt t put yur fingers in the slide pening, r anywhere else they might get caught. 8. Release the slide, s it can g frward with full frce. This will seat the next rund in the chamber, preparing it fr discharge. Lad a fresh magazine int the gun. 11

12 Tactical Relad 1. Determine if it is safe t perfrm a tactical relad. Only execute this if yu encunter a lull in the gunfight and are able t place yurself behind cver. Yu knw yu have spent sme runds frm the current magazine and want t prepare fr whatever may cme next. 2. Reach t yur magazine puch (r ther magazine hlder a pcket maybe make sure yu have a full magazine). 3. Mve back t the gun and eject the partially depleted magazine int yur hand. 4. Put the magazine in yur pcket (separate frm fresh magazines). 5. Grab the fresh magazine yu tuched earlier and insert it int the gun in the same fashin as the emergency relad, but this relad desn't require manipulatin f the slide. 6. Practice at the range. Yu shuld be able t feel and react immediately when the gun des nt fire. When yu pull the trigger, if yu feel a "click", execute a malfunctin type- 1 clearing. If there is n click, lk at the malfunctin and act accrdingly (remember it may be an empty magazine t). After shting fr sme time yu shuld be able t feel when the magazine is depleted, allwing yu t execute emergency relads very quickly. Over time yu will begin t ntice that the weapn will feel and sund different after firing the last rund. Type-1 Malfunctin 1. Identify the malfunctin. Often a type-1 malfunctin is a misfeed, in which a rund was nt laded int the chamber (e.g. yu didn't rack the slide after yu laded a magazine, r the magazine wasn't seated enugh t lad a rund, etc.). 2. Make sure the malfunctin is nt a "squib lad". This is a relatively dangerus malfunctin where there is nt enugh frce t prpel the prjectile ut f the barrel. In semi-autmatic pistls, a squib is ften easily nticeable, as the slide will nt cycle and a new rund will nt be chambered. If a squib lad happens, remve the magazine and clear the bstructin immediately. 3. Make sure the malfunctin is nt a "hangfire", in which the burning f the cartridge's prpellant is delayed. Only attempt t immediately clear the malfunctin during a live-fire, real cnfrntatin. This is due t the risk f the rund eventually firing. If yu experience a hangfire, keep the firearm pinted dwn range fr at least 10 secnds befre attempting t clear. 4. Crrect the Malfunctin. The quickest way t d this is thrugh immediate actin. With a semi-autmatic pistl, pull the slide back, ejecting the last rund. Observe the ejectin and the rund. If the lead is still n the bullet, yu knw that the rund didn't fire. If the lead is gne, it may indicate a weapn malfunctin. Observe the chamber. Check fr duble feeds, r things that dn't belng. Realease the slide, seating the next rund. Deactivate the safety and attempt t fire the weapn. If it still fails t fire, remve the magazine and eject the current rund, and turn the weapn ver t a gun expert fr repair. 12

13 5. Practice: Lad a full magazine int the gun with an empty chamber. Pint at the target, pull the trigger, feel the "click". With the heel f yur palm hit the bttm f yur magazine (with sme fervr this is the "tap"). Then twist yur gun 90-degrees t the right (s the ejectin prt is dwn) and... Rack the gun by pulling the slide straight back and letting g; d nt ride the slide frward, let it slam (this the "flip" and "rack" part f the drill). This will drp a pssibly dud rund ut f the chamber and lad a new rund int the chamber. 1. Tap the bttm f the magazine firmly. 2. Rack the slide and flip the gun t the right Type-2 Malfunctin 1. Identify the malfunctin. When yu pull the trigger, there is n "click" (r "bm"). Sticking ut the chamber is visible brass. This brass is what gives the type-2 malfunctin the name "the stve pipe". It is als knwn as a failure t eject. 2. Fix the malfunctin. The slutin is the same as a type-1 malfunctin: tap, rack/flip. 3. Practice: Pull back the slide t expse an empty chamber, lck empty brass s it is sticking ut f the chamber. Lad a full magazine int the gun. Pint at the target, pull the trigger, take nte that there is n "click". Visually see the brass sticking ut f the chamber. With the heel f yur palm hit the bttm f yur magazine (with sme fervr this is the "tap"). Then twist yur gun 90-degrees t the right (s the ejectin prt is dwn) and... 13

14 Rack the gun by pulling the slide straight back and letting g; d nt ride the slide frward, let it slam (this the "flip" and "rack" part f the drill). This will drp the brass ut f the chamber and lad a new rund int the chamber. Setup the stve pipe malfunctin. 1. Pint the gun up t see the "high brass" 2. Tap the bttm f the magazine firmly. 3. Rack the slide and flip the gun t the right. Type-3 Malfunctin 1. Identify the malfunctin. The fired casing des nt get pulled ut f the chamber and a new rund has nw being laded int the breech. This is knwn as a duble-feed and a failure t extract. 2. Fix the malfunctin: Grab the slide and Lck it back (ptinal) Press the magazine release and (while yur magazine may fall ut n its wn nrmally, a type-3 will prevent it frm ding s nw) strip the magazine frm the gun. Yu have an ptin here. Either yu drp the magazine, r practice retentin where yu hld nt the magazine t cntinue t use it. Grab the slide again and rack it hard three times. Reach fr a fresh magazine (r use the ne in retentin), put it in the gun (same as the tactical relad) #*Rack the slide ne mre time t lad a rund int the chamber. 0. Setup the dublefeed malfunctin. 1. Pint the gun up and see all the brass in the chamber. 2. Lck the slide back. 3. Strip the magazine frm the gun (thrw it t the grund r use retentin and hld it in yur hand). 4. Rack the slide three times. 5. Lad fresh magazine r the ne yu held. 6. Rack the slide t chamber a rund. 14

15 Range Cmmunicatin (USPSA Handgun Rules, June 2010 Editin) 8.3 Range Cmmunicatin The apprved range cmmands and their sequence are as fllws: Make Ready This cmmand signifies the start f the Curse f Fire. Under the direct supervisin f the Range Officer the cmpetitr must face dwn range, r in a safe directin as specified by the Range Officer, fit eye and ear prtectin, and prepare the handgun in accrdance with the written stage briefing. The cmpetitr must then assume the required start psitin. At this pint, the Range Officer will prceed Once the Make Ready - cmmand has been given, the cmpetitr must nt mve away frm the start lcatin prir t issuance f the Start Signal withut the prir apprval, and under the direct supervisin, f the Range Officer Are Yu Ready? The lack f any negative respnse frm the cmpetitr indicates that he fully understands the requirements f the curse f fire and is ready t prceed. If the cmpetitr is nt ready at the Are Yu Ready? cmmand, he must state Nt Ready. It is suggested that when the cmpetitr is ready he shuld assume the required start psitin t indicate his readiness t the Range Officer Standby This cmmand shuld be fllwed by the start signal within 1 t 4 secnds Start Signal The signal fr the cmpetitr t begin their attempt at the curse f fire. If a cmpetitr fails t react t a start signal, fr any reasn, the Range Officer will cnfirm that the cmpetitr is ready t attempt the curse f fire, and will resume the range cmmands frm Are Yu Ready? In the event that a cmpetitr begins his attempt at the curse f fire prematurely ( false start prir t the issuance f the start signal) the Range Officer will, as sn as pssible, stp and restart the cmpetitr nce the curse f fire has been restred Stp Any Range Officer assigned t a stage may issue this cmmand at any time during the curse f fire. The cmpetitr must immediately cease firing, stp mving and wait fr further instructins frm the Range Officer If Yu Are Finished, Unlad And Shw Clear If the cmpetitr has finished shting, he must lwer his handgun and present it fr inspectin by the Range Officer with the muzzle pinted dwn range, magazine remved, slide lcked r held pen, and chamber empty. Revlvers must be presented with the cylinder swung ut and empty When cnducting Standard Exercises, Range Officials may issue ther interim cmmands n cmpletin f the first string, in rder t prepare the cmpetitr fr the secnd and subsequent strings. (e.g. Relad if required and hlster ). This ptin may als be applied when tw r mre curses f fire share a cmmn shting bay r area. 15

16 8.3.7 If Clear, Hammer Dwn, Hlster After issuance f this cmmand, the cmpetitr is prhibited frm firing (see Rule ). While cntinuing t pint the handgun safely dwnrange, the cmpetitr must perfrm a final safety check f the handgun as fllws: Self-laders release the slide and pull the trigger (withut tuching the hammer r deccker, if any) Revlvers clse the empty cylinder (withut tuching the hammer, if any) If the gun prves t be clear, the cmpetitr must hlster his handgun If the gun des nt prve t be clear, the Range Officer will resume the cmmands frm Rule (als see Rule ) Range Is Clear This declaratin signifies the end f the Curse f fire. Once the declaratin is made, fficials and cmpetitrs may mve frward t scre, patch, reset targets etc. 16