Course 800. Introduction to Construction Safety Management

Transcription

1 Curse 800 Intrductin t Cnstructin Safety Management

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3 OSHAcademy Curse 800 Study Guide Cnstructin Safety Management Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. N prtin f this text may be reprinted fr ther than persnal use. Any cmmercial use f this dcument is strictly frbidden. Cntact OSHAcademy t arrange fr use as a training dcument. This study guide is designed t be reviewed ff-line as a tl fr preparatin t successfully cmplete OSHAcademy Curse 800. Read each mdule, answer the quiz questins, and submit the quiz questins nline thrugh the curse webpage. Yu can print the pst-quiz respnse screen which will cntain the crrect answers t the questins. The final exam will cnsist f questins develped frm the curse cntent and mdule quizzes. We hpe yu enjy the curse and if yu have any questins, feel free t r call: OSHAcademy NW Greenbrier Parkway, Suite 230 Beavertn, Oregn instructr@shatrain.rg +1 (888) Disclaimer This dcument des nt cnstitute legal advice. Cnsult with yur wn cmpany cunsel fr advice n cmpliance with all applicable state and federal regulatins. Neither Geigle Safety Grup, Inc., nr any f its emplyees, subcntractrs, cnsultants, cmmittees, r ther assignees make any warranty r representatin, either express r implied, with respect t the accuracy, cmpleteness, r usefulness f the infrmatin cntained herein, r assume any liability r respnsibility fr any use, r the results f such use, f any infrmatin r prcess disclsed in this publicatin. GEIGLE SAFETY GROUP, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Taking actins suggested in this dcument des nt guarantee that an emplyer, emplyee, peratr r cntractr will be in cmpliance with applicable regulatins. Ultimately every cmpany is respnsible fr determining the applicability f the infrmatin in this dcument t its wn peratins. Each emplyer s safety management system will be different. Mapping safety and envirnmental management plicies, prcedures, r peratins using this dcument des nt guarantee cmpliance regulatry requirements. Revised: Octber 9, 2017

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5 Curse 800 Cntents Curse Intrductin... 1 Mdule 1: The Safety Culture... 2 Safety Culture Definitin... 2 Cmmitment... 2 Leadership... 3 Accuntability... 3 Gals and Objectives... 4 Safety and Health Plicies... 5 Safety Prgrams... 6 Respnsibilities... 6 The Supervisr s Safety Respnsibilities... 7 OSHA Requirements... 7 Mdule #1 Quiz... 9 Mdule 2: Wrking with Cntractrs Invlvement Begins Befre the Prject Starts The Pre-Bid Meeting The Pre-Mbilizatin Meeting Cntractr Selectin Criteria Experience Mdificatin Rate (Md Rate r EMR) DART Rate Ttal Case Incident Rate (TCIR) Experience Mdificatin Rate (Md Rate r EMR)... 15

6 Curse 800 Key Players Prject Designers Head Cntractrs Subcntractrs Mdule #2 Quiz Mdule 3: Invlvement in Safety Management and Emplyees Must Be Invlved Respnding t Safety and Health Issues Emplyee Participatin Exercise Prgrams Safety Inspectins Safety Recgnitin Prgrams The Cnstructin Safety Cmmittee Suggestin Prgram Emplyee Right t Cmmunicate Gaining Recgnitin Mdule #3 Quiz Mdule 4: CSMS and Wrksite Analysis Plan fr Wrksite Analysis The Cmprehensive Baseline Survey Change Analysis Jb Hazard Analysis (JHA) Safety Inspectins and Reprts Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 1 f 67

7 Curse 800 OSHA Requirements Mdule #4 Quiz Mdule 5: Hazard Preventin and Cntrl Cntrlling Expsure - The Hierarchy f Cntrls Eliminatin Substitutin Engineering Cntrls Administrative Cntrls Persnal Prtective Equipment (PPE) Other Methds t Prevent and Cntrl Hazards Wrksite Inspectins Analyze Past Accident Investigatins Cntrl f Hazardus Energy Cnfined Space Entry Analyze Fall Hazards Analyze fr Excavatin Hazards Analyze fr Hazardus Chemicals Analyze Electrical Hazards Mdule #5 Quiz Mdule 6: Educatin and Training Intrductin Infrming Emplyees f Hazards Implementing Educatin and Training Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 2 f 67

8 Curse 800 A Simple Seven Step On-The-Jb Training (OJT) Prcess Safety and Health Wrk Observatins OSHA Requirements Mdule #6 Quiz Mdule 7: Getting Started Steps t Identify OSHA Requirements Step 1: OSHA Requirements Related t Leading Hazards at Cnstructin Sites Step 2: Other OSHA Requirements That May Apply t Yur Jbsite Step 3: Survey Yur Wrkplace fr Additinal Hazards Recgnized and Freseeable Hazards Step 4: Develp a Jbsite Safety and Health Prgram Step 5: Train Yur Emplyees Step 6: Recrdkeeping, Reprting and Psting Step 7: Find Additinal Cmpliance Assistance Infrmatin Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 3 f 67

9 Curse 800 Curse Intrductin Cnstructin is a high hazard industry that has a wide range f activities invlving alteratin, and/r repair. Examples include residential and cmmercial building cnstructin, bridge erectin, radway paving, excavatins, demlitins, and large-scale painting jbs. Cnstructin wrkers engage in many activities that may expse them t serius hazards, such as falling frm rftps, unguarded machinery, being struck by heavy cnstructin equipment, electrcutins, silica dust, and asbests. This curse is an intrductin t Cnstructin Safety and Health Management. The infrmatin, tls, and resurces prvided in this curse are designed t help yu, whether yu re a wrker r an emplyer, t identify, reduce, and eliminate cnstructin-related hazards. Like all cnstructins cmpanies, yu need t tailr yur cnstructin safety management system (CSMS) t yur wn specific wrk peratins and wrk envirnments. An effective CSMS has five primary elements: the safety culture invlvement wrksite analysis hazard preventin and cntrl educatin and training The standards apply t: All cntractrs wh enter int cntracts which are fr cnstructin, alteratin, and/r repair, including painting and decrating [29 CFR (a)]. All subcntractrs wh agree t perfrm any part f the labr r material requirements f a cntract [29 CFR (c)]. All suppliers wh furnish any supplies r materials, if the wrk invlved is perfrmed n r near a cnstructin site, r if the supplier fabricates the gds r materials specifically fr the cnstructin prject, and the wrk can be said t be a cnstructin activity [29 CFR (c)]. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 1 f 67

10 Curse 800 Mdule 1: The Safety Culture Befre we get started, it is critical t understand that the nly way yur Cnstructin Safety Management System (CSMS) will succeed is t make sure the underlying safety culture includes a real lng-term serius cmmitment and tugh-caring leadership by management. This first mdule will briefly explre sme f the imprtant cmpnents that are necessary in an effective safety culture. By the way, if yu are interested in develping yur CSMS, be sure t take Curse 833, Develping a Cnstructin Safety Management System. Safety Culture Definitin Believe it r nt, OSHA has a pretty gd definitin fr a safety culture. OSHA defines culture as a cmbinatin f an rganizatin's, attitudes, behavirs, beliefs, values, ways f ding things, and ther shared characteristics f a particular grup f peple". It's imprtant t understand that, frm the emplyer's pint f view, the cmpany's crprate culture is smething t be managed, but if yu ask an emplyee t define culture, they will likely tell yu it's just Cmmitment " the way things are arund here." The success f yur cmpany's CSMS depends n the willingness f tp management t demnstrate a lng term serius cmmitment t prtect every emplyee frm injury and illness n the jb. But hw d yu get tp management cmmitment if yu dn t already have it? Real cmmitment desn't just appear ut f thin air. Management cmmitment t safety will ccur t the extent each manager clearly understands the psitive benefits derived frm their effrt. Understanding the benefits will create a strng desire t d what it takes t imprve the cmpany's safety culture. Managers will invest serius time and mney int effective safety management by develping safety plicies, prgrams, plans and prcedures. They will als display leadership thrugh effective accuntability and recgnitin f behavirs and results. Bttm line: Serius cmmitment requires serius time and mney. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 2 f 67

11 Curse 800 Leadership Every day, cnstructin wrkers, supervisrs and managers have many pprtunities t cmmunicate and act in ways that demnstrate safety leadership. Unfrtunately, these pprtunities g unanswered because they are just nt seen as real leadership pprtunities. Emplyers and managers d nt understand that the simple expressin f tugh-caring safety leadership being tugh abut safety standards because yu care abut the emplyee - can result in enrmus benefits. The ability t perceive leadership pprtunities imprves the cmpany's ptential t succeed. Tugh-caring leaders als assume their wrkers, at all levels f the rganizatin, are gd peple trying t d the best they can with the skills they have. Emplyees, n the ther hand, d nt always have the physical resurces and psychscial supprt needed t achieve the kind f results expected f them. This is because they are nt being prvided with adequate physical resurces (tls, equipment, machinery, materials, etc.) r the educatin, training, time, and cnsequences. Effective leadership can vercme these challenges by prviding the resurces and training needed fr their wrkers t excel. Accuntability Accuntability ranks right at the tp with management cmmitment as a critical ingredient in a cmpany's safety and health management system. Why d we behave the way we d in the wrkplace? Cnsequences. Why d we take the unsafe shrtcut? Accuntability may be thught f as establishing the "bligatin t fulfill a task t standard r else." When yu are held accuntable, yur perfrmance is measured against sme specific criteria and cnsequences are applied apprpriate t the level r quality f perfrmance. Example: If a builder has built a huse fr a man and his wrk is nt strng, and if the huse he has built falls in and kills the husehlder, that builder shall be slain. (King Hammurabi f Babyln, 18 th Century B.C.) The ancient Rmans had a traditin: whenever ne f their engineers cnstructed an arch, as the capstne was histed int place, the engineer assumed accuntability fr his wrk in the mst prfund way pssible: he std under the arch. (Michael Armstrng- Frmer CEO f AT&T, Hughes Electrnics, and Cmcast) Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 3 f 67

12 Curse 800 Management may impse all kinds f safety plicies, prgrams, written plans, directives, rules, and training. Hwever, if apprpriate applicatin f effective cnsequences within a culture f accuntability des nt exist, desired behavirs will nt be sustained. If emplyees d nt believe they are ging t be held accuntable fr the decisins they make and the actins they take, yu can be sure any safety effrt is ultimately dmed t fail. Six imprtant elements shuld be present in an emplyer safety accuntability system: 1. frmal standards f perfrmance 2. adequate resurces and psychscial supprt 3. a system f perfrmance measurement 4. applicatin f effective cnsequences 5. apprpriate applicatin f cnsequences 6. cntinuus evaluatin f the accuntability system If yu believe there are weaknesses in yur emplyer's accuntability system, make sure t dcument the behavirs and cnditins yu see in the wrkplace that may be pinting t accuntability system plicies, plans, prcesses, prcedures and practices that are inadequate r missing. Yu can learn mre abut accuntability systems in curses 700 and 712. Gals and Objectives An effective CSMS will include stated gals and bjectives. First, it's gd t initially develp general gals r "wishes" fr yur cnstructin safety prgram. Lk at the fllwing general gals that wuld be included in the CSMS: designate a qualified safety persn t crdinate the prgram plan fr safety using a written Jb Safety Analysis make regular jb site safety inspectins and cnduct health mnitring fllw safety prcedures and rules prvide n-ging safety training enfrce safety rules and use apprpriate discipline Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 4 f 67

13 Curse 800 Safety bjectives are measurable and mre specific in terms f results. Here are sme examples f peratinal safety bjectives: "Increase the number f safety suggestins submitted each mnth t at least 15 by July 31st." "Reduce the number f back injuries in the warehuse by 70% by the end f 1997." Lwer ur wrkers cmpensatin rate t.9 by the end f the calendar year. Safety and Health Plicies Safety plicies help t set standards and guidelines fr decisin-making. They let managers, supervisrs and emplyees make safety decisins with sme degree f cnfidence withut having t cnstantly check with the bss. Managers, supervisrs and wrkers knw they are making decisins that cnfrm t crprate safety plicies. Belw are many pints that wuld be gd t adpt in yur cmpany s safety and health plicy: N jb r n task is mre imprtant than wrker health and safety. If a jb represents a ptential safety r health threat, every effrt will be made t plan a safe way t d the task. Every prcedure must be a safe prcedure. Shrtcuts in safe prcedures by either fremen r wrkers must nt be tlerated. If a wrker bserves any unsafe cnditin, which may pse a ptential threat t their health r safety, it shuld be expected that emplyees will immediately crrect the situatin when feasible r infrm management. Management has the respnsibility t take adequate precautins, cmply with OSHA standards, and assure the safety and health f emplyees. If a jb cannt be dne safely it will nt be dne. Management shuld prvide visible nging cmmitment, resurces, and leadership t assure the implementatin f the SHMS. All emplyees shuld be prvided equally high quality safety and health prtectin. Leadership within a cmpany shuld acknwledge the imprtance f creating a psitive safety culture thrugh emplyee invlvement and effective plicies and prcedures. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 5 f 67

14 Curse 800 Safety Prgrams A safety prgram may be thught f as a plan f actin t accmplish a safety bjective. An effective safety prgram is designed arund the prcesses, prcedures, and practices nrmally assigned t emplyees and integrate safety-related decisins and precautins int them. Cnstructin cntractrs must initiate and maintain such prgrams as may be necessary t cmply with CFR Ref: (b) See Mdule 7 fr mre infrmatin n Prgrams. Respnsibilities It s imprtant t understand wh is respnsible fr safety n the cnstructin wrksite. Accrding t OSHA, there are fur emplyer rles r categries n a multi-emplyer wrksite: 1. Creating emplyer: the emplyer wh caused a hazardus cnditin which vilates an OSHA standard 2. Expsing emplyer: This is an emplyer whse wn emplyees are expsed t the hazard. 3. Crrecting emplyer: This is an emplyer wh is engaged in a cmmn undertaking, n the same wrksite as the expsing emplyer, and is respnsible fr crrecting a hazard. This usually ccurs where an emplyer is given the respnsibility f installing and/r maintaining safety/health equipment r devices. 4. Cntrlling emplyer: This is an emplyer wh has general supervisry authrity ver the wrksite, including the pwer t crrect safety and health vilatins itself r require thers t crrect them. Cntrl can be established by cntract r, in the absence f explicit cntractual prvisins, by the exercise f cntrl in practice. The cntrlling cntractr assumes all bligatins under the standards, whether r nt he subcntracts any f the wrk [29 CFR (b)]. T the extent that a subcntractr agrees t perfrm any part f the cntract, he assumes respnsibility fr cmplying with the standards with respect t that part [29 CFR (c)]. With respect t subcntracted wrk, the cntrlling cntractr and any subcntractrs are deemed t have jint respnsibility [29 CFR (d)]. Cnstructin cmpanies shuld designate a persn t crdinate, implement, and administer the cnstructin safety management system (CSMS). Respnsibilities include: Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 6 f 67

15 Curse understand ptential jb hazards and hw t eliminate them 2. cnduct r assist with Jb Safety Analysis 3. assure cmpliance with OSHA cnstructin safety and health standard requirements 4. cnduct regular jb site safety and health inspectins 5. establish safety and health prcedures 6. crdinate regular safety and health training 7. cnduct r assist with Tailgate r Tl Bx Talks 8. maintain dcumentatin f training, inspectins, injuries and illnesses, and ther safety recrds 9. participate in accident investigatins and implementatin f crrective actins 10. invlve emplyees in the implementatin f the SHMS 11. create statistical reprts that cmpare severity and frequency rates against prir recrds The Supervisr s Safety Respnsibilities The supervisr s attitude plays an imprtant part in btaining r preventing the acceptance f safe and healthful wrk practices, plicies, and prcedures. It is the supervisr s respnsibility t identify ptential hazards, identify methds t cntrl r eliminate wrksite hazards, ensure wrkers use safe and healthful wrk practices, and make sure everyne receives safety and health training t d their wrk. Immediate supervisrs shuld review, investigate, and take any necessary and apprpriate actin n all emplyee reprts f hazards r ptential hazards. OSHA Requirements prvide emplyees with sanitary and safe wrking cnditins [29 CFR (a)] assign safety and health respnsibilities [29 CFR (b)] give safety and health designees authrity t crrect hazards [29 CFR (f)] Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 7 f 67

16 Curse 800 ensure emplyees that they may vice safety and health cncerns withut fear f reprisal [29 CFR (d)] infrm emplyees f hazards [29 CFR (b), 29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR 1926 Subpart Z] crdinate hazard cmmunicatin with ther emplyers n site [29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR ] pst the OSHA State r Federal Pster [29 CFR (a)] Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 8 f 67

17 Curse 800 Mdule #1 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. The underlying safety culture must include a real lng-term serius cmmitment and tugh-caring leadership by. a. management b. emplyees c. safety staff d. wrkers 2. A is defined as a cmbinatin f an rganizatin s, attitudes, behavirs, beliefs, values, ways f ding things, and ther shared characteristics f a particular grup f peple. a. safety culture b. safety plicy c. safety management system d. the psitive benefits 3. Frm the emplyer's pint f view, a safety culture is. a. smething that is managed b. just the way thing are c. hard t manage d. always unique and unmanageable 4. Which f the fllwing is the emplyer that causes a hazardus cnditin n a wrksite that vilates an OSHA standard? a. Creating emplyer b. Expsing emplyer c. Crrecting emplyer d. Cntrlling emplyer Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 9 f 67

18 Curse It is the supervisr's respnsibility t d all f the fllwing, except. a. ensure wrkers knw hw t reply t OSHA questins b. identify ptential hazards c. identify methds t cntrl hazards d. ensure wrkers use safe prcedures Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 10 f 67

19 Curse 800 Mdule 2: Wrking with Cntractrs Cnstructin cntractrs are respnsible fr ensuring that all wrk under cntract meets r exceeds the OSHA standards in additin t cmplying with the cmpany s safety and health standards. The cntractr is respnsible fr ensuring safe wrk perfrmance f emplyees and subcntractrs. Cnstructin cntractrs prvide a variety f cnstructin services, including: building cnstructin and maintenance activities utilities and infrastructure cnstructin grunds maintenance training and cnsultatin installatin, testing, calibratin, repair, and maintenance f equipment and instruments All f these wrk activities must be perfrmed safely and in accrdance with the applicable safety cdes, standards and regulatins. Invlvement Begins Befre the Prject Starts It is imprtant that the emplyer cmmunicates abut safety in all phases f the cnstructin prject. Frm the time the prject is cnceived until it is finished, safety must be a part f the prcess. During the Pre-Award phase, requirements are develped, slicitatins are sught, cntractrs are selected and cntracts are awarded. Key safety related effrts during this phase include cnsideratin f a cntractr s past perfrmance during the cntractr selectin prcess, establishment f apprpriate safety and health requirements in cntract specificatins and ensuring the inclusin f applicable safety and health clauses. The Pre-Bid Meeting In the pre-bid meeting, cntract safety requirements shuld be discussed, including: site specific safety plan designated safety representative identificatin and requirements daily pre-wrk crdinatin meetings Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 11 f 67

20 Curse 800 safety enfrcement plicies and prcedures drug screening identificatin f ptential hazards defining hazard cntrl respnsibilities The Pre-Mbilizatin Meeting During the pre-mbilizatin meeting, the fllwing shuld be discussed: cntractual safety requirements site-specific safety plan pre-phase wrk plan discussin requirement fr daily pre-task meetings requirements fr safety talks, wrker and supervisr training cnfirm assignment f safety respnsibilities rles, respnsibilities, accuntability and authrity f the wner, general cntractr and all cntractr persnnel Cntractr Selectin Criteria It s traditinal t select cnstructin cntractrs based n three criteria: lw bidder lwer bidder lwest bidder wh can start nw Hwever, in a wrld-class cnstructin cmpany that understands the imprtance f safety, they will nt make a decisin based slely n cst. They will use the fllwing criteria: Ttal Days Away, Restricted, r Jb Transferred Rate (DART) shuld be belw natinal average Ttal Case Incidence Rate (TCIR) shuld be belw the natinal average Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 12 f 67

21 Curse 800 Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) f less than 1.0 fr past three years, and imprving. Past safety perfrmance Site-specific safety plan develpment Key management and wrker training and experience Experience Mdificatin Rate (Md Rate r EMR) Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) has strng impact upn a business. It is a number used by insurance cmpanies t gauge bth past cst f injuries and future chances f risk. The lwer the EMR f yur business, the lwer yur wrker cmpensatin insurance premiums will be. An EMR f 1.0 is cnsidered the industry average. (Surce: Safety Management Grup). Accrding t the Michigan Cnstructin Users Cuncil (MCUC), the fllwing EMR chart indicates the relative effectiveness f a cntractr s CSMS = Superir Distinguished results = Effective Impressive results Obvius cmmitment = Average Within industry nrm = Inadequate Cnspicuus past prblems = Pr Lack f safety invlvement As yu can see, safety is a serius cnsideratin when chsing cntractrs t wrk n the cnstructin prject. Using these criteria will nt nly result in selecting a higher level f cntractr safety, it will als result in selecting a cntractr that will be mre prfessinal in all aspects f the cntracted wrk that will be perfrmed. DART Rate The "DART" (Days Away, Restricted, r Jb Transferred) is anther incident rate used in all industries. The DART Rate is the number f CASES with days away frm wrk r jb transfer r restrictins (cases n the OSHA 300 lg with either clumn H r I checked) multiplied by 200,000 divided by ttal hurs wrked by all emplyees during the year cvered. Yu can Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 13 f 67

22 Curse 800 cmpute the DART Rate using the fllwing frmula: On cnstructin sites, the ttal number f hurs wrked by all emplyees will include yur wn emplyees, yur temprary emplyees, and cntractrs directly supervised by yu plus all cntractr/subcntractr emplyees. Ttal Case Incident Rate (TCIR) The Ttal Case Incident Rate, r TCIR is a cmmn methd used t reprt wrkplace injuries. It is defined as the average number f wrk-related injuries incurred by 100 wrkers during a ne-year perid. When using the TCIR t reprt wrkplace injuries, it allws a cmparisn f accident and injury statistics acrss industries, amng industry segments, and frm ne year t the next. The TCIR is typically calculated as fllws: Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 14 f 67

23 Curse 800 Fr example, if an emplyer with 50 wrkers reprted 10 injuries in 2013, and wrkers in that industry wrked 1,000,000 hurs that year, then the 2013 TCIR fr that emplyer wuld be: Experience Mdificatin Rate (Md Rate r EMR) The Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) has strng impact upn a business. It is a number used by insurance cmpanies t gauge bth past cst f injuries and future chances f risk. The lwer the EMR f yur business, the lwer yur wrker cmpensatin insurance premiums will be. An EMR f 1.0 is cnsidered the industry average. (Surce: Safety Management Grup). Accrding t the Michigan Cnstructin Users Cuncil (MCUC), the fllwing EMR chart indicates the relative effectiveness f a cntractr s CSMS = Superir Distinguished results = Effective Impressive results Obvius cmmitment = Average Within industry nrm Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 15 f 67

24 Curse = Inadequate Cnspicuus past prblems = Pr Lack f safety invlvement As yu can see, safety is a serius cnsideratin when chsing cntractrs t wrk n the cnstructin prject. Using this criteria will nt nly result in selecting a higher level f cntractr safety, it will als result in selecting a cntractr that will be mre prfessinal in all aspects f the cntracted wrk that will be perfrmed. Key Players The cntractr, the wner, general cntractr, prject manager, site superintendent, and safety manager, shuld all have: previus experience n similar type cnstructin prjects previus experience n prjects f similar size a histry f success n previus prjects All managers n the cnstructin site shuld be cmpetent in safety management. Wrkers shuld be cmpetent in the wrk they are perfrming. Heavy equipment peratrs shuld all be able t shw written dcumentatin prviding prf f cmpetency. Als, a trained n-site healthcare prvider r nurse shuld be present n large prjects (mre than $75 millin). Prject Designers Prject designers that are invlved in the cnstructin phase shuld d the fllwing: Identify the impact f changes in yur design n the health and safety f thse invlved in the prject. Prvide sufficient infrmatin n health and safety assciated with yur design and planning t thse wh need it, s they can cnduct the necessary training if needed. Cperate and crdinate with the cntracted parties, and, where apprpriate, ther designers/advisers invlved in the prject. Prvide nging advice and infrmatin, if requested, regarding the head cntractr s health and safety plan (such as by advising f any changes t planned activities). Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 16 f 67

25 Curse 800 Make sure ther designers/advisers and cntractrs cntinue t carry ut their duties and crdinate with thers n the prject (such as by asking fr regular written activity reprts r hlding site meetings). Head Cntractrs The general r head cntractr n site shuld d the fllwing: Develp and carry ut a site-specific health and safety plan. Make sure any cntractr engaged t carry ut cnstructin wrk is cmpetent and has made suitable prvisins fr health and safety. Obtain and check site-specific safety plans frm subcntractrs. Make sure the crdinatin and cperatin f subcntractrs regarding: infrmatin and n-site activity (such as site meetings, site prcedures) apprpriate cmmunicatin arrangements between cntractrs n site fr health and safety arrangements fr discussing health and safety matters with peple n site (such as setting regular tlbx/tailgate meeting times) incident and accident reprting Make sure training fr health and safety is carried ut. Make arrangements t mnitr health and safety perfrmance (such as reprts, audits and inspectins). Make arrangements t pass n infrmatin frm the client r designer/adviser t ther cntractrs and emplyees (such as activity reprts). Make arrangements t cntrl visitr access, including such things as delivery f materials. Subcntractrs Subcntractrs n site shuld d the fllwing: Develp a site-specific safety plan fr yur wrk activity. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 17 f 67

26 Curse 800 Identify the hazards f yur wrk, assess the risks arising frm them, and tell the head cntractr and client abut hw these risks will be cntrlled. Obtain evidence f the training and cmpetence f yur subcntractrs and emplyees. Keep the head cntractr infrmed f any dangerus incident r accident. Prvide the head cntractr with the infrmatin needed fr health and safety management. Cperate with the head cntractr and ther cntractrs n health and safety matters. Fllw any directins f the client r head cntractr s that they can meet their bligatins. Prvide infrmatin and training t yur emplyees n site. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 18 f 67

27 Curse 800 Mdule #2 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. Requirements are develped, slicitatins are sught, cntractrs are selected and cntracts are awarded during the. a. pst-award phase b. cnstructin phase c. cncept phase d. pre-award phase 2. All f the fllwing shuld be discussed in the pre-bid meeting, except. a. safety enfrcement plicies and prcedures b. drug screening c. identificatin f lcal OSHA representatives d. defining hazard cntrl respnsibilities 3. All f the fllwing shuld be discussed in the pre-mbilizatin meeting, except. a. pre-phase wrk plan discussin b. respnse t OSHA citatins c. requirement fr pre-task meetings d. cnfirm assignment f safety respnsibilities 4. Which f the fllwing is a characteristic f a wrld-class cmpany that understands the imprtance f safety? a. An experience mdificatin rate (EMR) f.50 b. An experience mdificatin rate (EMR) f 1.00 c. An experience mdificatin rate (EMR) f 1.50 d. An experience mdificatin rate (EMR) f 2.50 Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 19 f 67

28 Curse The cntractr shuld have all f the fllwing, except. a. previus experience n similar type cnstructin prjects b. previus experience n prjects f similar size c. a histry f success n previus prjects d. a TCIR abve the natinal average Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 20 f 67

29 Curse 800 Mdule 3: Invlvement in Safety Management and Emplyees Must Be Invlved Emplyee invlvement prvides the means thrugh which wrkers develp and express their wn cmmitment t safety and health. The best safety and health management systems invlve emplyees at every level f the rganizatin. Emplyees are ften thse clsest t the hazard, and have the mst first-hand knwledge f wrkplace hazards. Clearly, the emplyer has ultimate respnsibility fr its wrkers; hwever, using emplyees knwledge and experience t help identify and reslve prblems can make the system mre effective. It's difficult t have an effective safety and health prgram withut develping a crprate safety culture which encurages genuine emplyee invlvement. When yu mentin invlvement in safety, mst peple think nly abut emplyee invlvement, but t d it right, management shuld be ut frnt and invlved. Management needs t lead by example and that means cmmunicating and fllwing thrugh with actin. This mdule will discuss sme f the cmpnents f emplyer and emplyee invlvement in safety. Respnding t Safety and Health Issues Management in yur cmpany shuld take prmpt cnsistent actin when respnding t safety and health issues. Ding s will demnstrate their cmmitment t addressing safety and health cncerns and encurage emplyee participatin. Management shuld respnd t emplyees' reprts f actual r ptential hazards and any ther safety cncerns emplyees might have. There shuld be an effective prcess fr emplyees t reprt such hazards. The emplyee reprting a real r ptential hazard shuld be ntified by management f the utcme in a timely manner. Reprting hazards shuld be made withut fear f reprimand r any safety reprting prcess is dmed t failure. Emplyee Participatin The emplyees in yur cmpany shuld be given an pprtunity t prvide input regarding recmmendatins n safety and health prducts, prcedures, and training as it pertains t daily Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 21 f 67

30 Curse 800 wrk peratins. Fr example, emplyees culd be given sme respnsibility t test ut prducts r cnduct research t substantiate recmmendatins. Emplyee input culd be prvided thrugh the suggestin system, the reprting f hazards, r thrugh actins the safety and health cmmittee initiate. Emplyees culd participate in a variety f ways such as; a trainer, inspectr, r prblem slver. Exercise Prgrams Mre than a third f all accepted disabling claims are sprains/strains and ther musculskeletal disrders. Althugh cnstructin wrk will always include lifting, carrying, and pulling (amng thers), many cntractrs have made great strides in preventing these types f injuries thrugh pre-task planning, emplyee invlvement, medical management, and training their crews t recgnize risk factrs and best practices. Safety Inspectins One f the best ways emplyees can participate in the cmpany's safety prgram is t help cnduct safety inspectins. This gives emplyees a greater sense f wnership in safety and it can be a real educatinal experience t! Depending n the hazardus nature f the cnstructin n the wrksite, weekly r daily inspectins may be needed t effectively identify hazards and unsafe actins. Safety Recgnitin Prgrams It's imprtant t understand designing, develping and deplying safety "prgrams" is basically a management functin requiring effective rganizatinal skill. Many cmpanies develp and implement frmal safety recgnitin prgrams because that is what they've been tld wrks best and that is what everyne else des. There are many different types f safety recgnitin prgram strategies used and prmted these days. Of curse, sme are mre effective than thers, but there is certainly n ne-fits-all prgram. T be successful, the recgnitin prgram shuld fit the unique culture f the rganizatin. Fr instance, yu can't have a highly successful safety recgnitin prgram in an ppressively authritarian crprate culture displaying tugh-cercive leadership due t the lack f psitive relatinships between managers and emplyees. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 22 f 67

31 Curse 800 A recgnitin prgram, within a cntrlling (typical) safety culture will usually think a managed prgram is necessary t be successful. The suggestin bx is likely t be used t maintain annymity which is a symptm f a lack f trust. It just wn t wrk. On the ther hand, a wrld-class safety culture may nt have the need t develp a managed safety recgnitin prgram with frmal prcedures: why? Because managers will likely perceive the prcess f recgnitin as their pprtunity t demnstrate leadership thrugh recgnitin s that ultimately, psitive wrking relatinships are established r reinfrced. Yu can learn mre abut leadership styles and recgnitin systems in Curse 700. The Cnstructin Safety Cmmittee The purpse f a safety and health cmmittee is t give emplyees the ability t participate in the implementatin f the safety and health system that exists within yur cmpany. The cmmittee in yur cmpany shuld be cmprised f management and emplyee representatives. The cmmittee shuld meet at least mnthly. The cmmittee shuld: have defined gals and bjectives address safety and health issues recrd and pst minutes f the meetings invlve emplyees in prblem slving dcument actin taken and pst n the bulletin bards fr all emplyees t read and r cmment have a frmal agenda Suggestin Prgram The emplyees in yur cmpany shuld be encuraged t make safety and health suggestins t help imprve a prcess, prevent an accident, r t make any imprvement in the safety and health system. The suggestin system shuld be implemented by a designated persn, usually the safety directr, wh will be respnsible fr determining pririty and the prper means f Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 23 f 67

32 Curse 800 implementatin. It s imprtant t remember that in effective safety cultures, it s nt necessary t have a plicy that annymity will be assured because a high level f trust exists between managers and emplyees. Safety suggestins shuld be shared with the Safety and Health Cmmittee fr input. Suggestin frms may be placed in suggestin bxes r given directly t a designated persn such as the immediate supervisr r safety cmmittee chairpersn. Emplyee Right t Cmmunicate OSHA requires an emplyer make sure emplyees are able t vice safety and health cncerns withut fear f reprisal. Think abut it- wuld a perceptin f reprisal fr vicing a safety cncern benefit the cmpany? N way! Mre specifically, n persn will discharge r in any manner discriminate against any emplyee because the emplyee has: 1. filed any cmplaint r instituted r caused t be instituted any prceeding under r related t the OSH Act 2. testified r is abut t testify in any such prceeding 3. has exercised any right affrded by the OSH Act behalf f himself r thers Prir t r during an OSHA inspectin f a wrkplace, any emplyee r representative (usually a unin persn) may ntify an OSHA Cmpliance Safety and Health Officer, in writing, f any vilatin f the Act which they have reasn t believe exists in such wrkplace. Gaining Recgnitin If yur cnstructin cmpany shws safety as a tp pririty, yu may receive sme recgnitin frm natinal safety rganizatins. Let s take a clser lk at an example frm Opp Cnstructin in Grand Frks, Nrth Dakta: Opp Cnstructin was named the natin s safest cnstructin cmpany in 2012 by the Assciated General Cntractrs f America. Organizers f the tp award say Opp Cnstructin wn the award because f its exceptinal leadership in safety. The assciatin s president added this cmpany was dedicated t the develpment and implementatin f premier safety and lss preventin prgrams. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 24 f 67

33 Curse 800 Opp Cnstructin als shwed utstanding guidance in safety and ccupatin health management, risk cntrl, safety training, wrk site hazard identificatin and cntrl, and safety prgram innvatin. Read Full Article Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 25 f 67

34 Curse 800 Mdule #3 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. A cnstructin safety cmmittee shuld d all f the fllwing, except. a. meet at least nce a mnth b. develp defined gals and bjectives c. dcument actins taken d. recmmend emplyee reprimands 2. Reprting hazards shuld be r any safety reprting prcess is dmed t failure. a. nly a management respnsibility b. nly an emplyee respnsibility c. made withut fear f reprimand d. cnsidered a planned activity 3. Wh shuld be n a member f the cnstructin safety cmmittee? a. Bth emplyee and manager representative b. Emplyee representatives c. Management representatives d. Safety staff 4. In an effective CSMS, it is t maintain annymity when submitting safety suggestins. a. necessary b. unnecessary c. a gd idea d. required Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 26 f 67

35 Curse N persn will discharge r in any manner discriminate against any emplyee because the emplyee has dne any f the fllwing, except. a. filed a cmplaint with OSHA b. ntified OSHA abut a vilatin c. testified in an OSHA prceeding d. infrmed lcal media abut a vilatin Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 27 f 67

36 Curse 800 Mdule 4: CSMS and Wrksite Analysis Plan fr Wrksite Analysis When planning fr a cnstructin wrksite analysis, be sure t include the fllwing five prcesses: 1. a cmprehensive baseline survey 2. Identify hazards 3. jb hazard analyses (JHA) 4. peridic and daily safety inspectins 5. change analysis The Cmprehensive Baseline Survey A cmprehensive baseline survey shuld include a review f previus accidents, injuries, and illnesses; cmplaints; previus studies; etc. Cmprehensive surveys shuld be perfrmed depending n the business size and nature f the hazards at least every three years by private cnsultants, an insurance cmpany, and/r state-funded prgrams. The baseline survey shuld include a review f the fllwing: 1. cpies f written inspectins and surveys by the fire department, and in-huse as required by safety and health standards (e.g., verhead crane inspectins, pwered industrial truck daily inspectin, etc.) 2. emplyee reprt f hazards r ptential hazards 3. accident and incident investigatins with crrective actins and fllw-up 4. injury and illness trend analysis 5. persnal prtective equipment assessment 6. ergnmic analysis 7. specific identificatin f cnfined spaces Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 28 f 67

37 Curse identificatin f energy surces fr specific machines As part f the wrksite analysis prcess, the emplyer/general cntractr shuld als require subcntractrs t perfrm a baseline analysis as necessary in accrdance with OSHA and cmpany requirements. The subcntractrs shuld share pertinent infrmatin with the general cntractr, and/r ther subcntractrs. Change Analysis As yu knw, change is cntinuus n a cnstructin wrksite. Change analysis is simply the management f that change, cnducted by cmpetent persns, t make sure it des nt intrduce new hazards r unsafe prcedures in the wrk envirnment. A designated persn shuld analyze hw changes n the wrksite can affect equipment, prcesses, and materials fr hazards and ptential hazards. Findings shuld be dcumented and plans develped t minimize r design ut the new hazards. Changes in the fllwing categries need t be reviewed: 1. wrksite layut 2. materials 3. prcess technlgy 4. equipment T mre specifically analyze hw changes t wrksite layut, materials, prcesses and equipment, affect the wrk being cnducted, include the fllwing in yur analysis: site entrance and traffic rutes/surfaces cvered walkways prtectin frm falling bjects danger areas strage and persnnel areas hazardus materials/dangerus gds barriers and fences Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 29 f 67

38 Curse 800 lading and unlading areas bays and ramps wrking slpes fr excavatrs, dump trucks etc. safety signage prtectin f pedestrians site security husekeeping and cleanliness Jb Hazard Analysis (JHA) A Jb Hazard Analysis is a technique that fcuses n jb tasks as a way t identify hazards befre they ccur. It fcuses n the relatinship amng the wrker, the task, the tls, and the wrk envirnment. Ideally, after yu identify uncntrlled hazards, yu will take steps t eliminate r reduce them t an acceptable risk level. A JHA shuld be cnducted fr all hazardus jbs/prcedures t determine ptential hazards and identify methds t reduce expsure t thse hazards at cnstructin wrksites. Here are the steps in a basic JHA: 1. List the steps in the jb r prcedure. 2. Describe the safety and health hazards in each step. 3. Develp preventive measures. 4. Write a safe jb prcedure. Click here t see a sample JHA. Yu can als learn mre abut cnducting a JHA in curse 706. Safety Inspectins and Reprts Emplyees play a key rle in identifying, cntrlling, and reprting hazards that may ccur r already exist in yur wrkplace. Safety inspectin reprts f ptential hazards can be an effective tl t trigger a clser lk at a piece f equipment, peratin, r hw wrk is being perfrmed. Reprts f ptential hazards can als prvide suggestins t eliminate a hazard. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 30 f 67

39 Curse 800 There are many psitive reasns fr cnducting safety inspectins, including: helping ensure cmpliance with OSHA and meet ther legal respnsibility invlving bth management and emplyees identifying areas f high risk and cntrlling hazards develping psitive attitudes - demnstrating leadership suggesting better methds f ding prcedures safely OSHA Requirements The fllwing is a list f tpics relevant t wrksite analysis by identifying wrksite hazards. evaluate peratins, prcedures, facilities, and equipment t identify hazards [29 CFR (a), 29 CFR (b)] mnitr expsure levels [29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR 1926 Subpart Z, 29 CFR ] ensure regular safety and health inspectins [29 CFR (b)(2), 29 CFR (b), 29 CFR ] cnduct accident investigatins [29 CFR ] determine if engineering r administrative cntrls r persnnel prtective equipment are t be used [29 CFR , 29 CFR ] Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 31 f 67

40 Curse 800 Mdule #4 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. When planning fr a cnstructin wrksite analysis, be sure t cnduct a/an. a. OSHA inspectin b. safety cmmittee meeting c. cmprehensive baseline survey d. wrk permit review 2. All f the fllwing shuld be included in a cmprehensive baseline survey, except. a. DOL reprts b. hazard surveys c. emplyee reprts f hazards d. persnal prtective equipment 3. Which f the fllwing analysis techniques include a review f wrksite layut, materials being used, prcesses, and equipment? a. Paret Analysis b. Cst-Benefit Analysis c. OSHA inspectins d. Change Analysis 4. All f the fllwing shuld be reviewed t mre specifically analyze hw changes that affect safety ccur n the wrksite, except. a. emergency rutes b. emplyee wrk schedules c. cvered walkways d. barriers and fences Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 32 f 67

41 Curse All f the fllwing are gd reasns t cnduct daily safety inspectins n the wrksite, except. a. suggesting better methds b. invlving bth management and emplyees c. identifying wh is at fault d. identifying areas f high risk Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 33 f 67

42 Curse 800 Mdule 5: Hazard Preventin and Cntrl Cntrlling Expsure - The Hierarchy f Cntrls Cntrlling expsures t wrksite hazards is the fundamental methd f prtecting wrkers n a cnstructin site. Traditinally, the widely-accepted hierarchy f cntrls has been used as a means f determining hw t implement feasible and effective cntrls. ANSI/AIHA Z discusses the five cntrl measures belw: 1. eliminatin 2. substitutin 3. engineering cntrls 4. administrative cntrls 5. persnal prtective equipment The idea behind this hierarchy is that the cntrl methds at the tp f the list are ptentially mre effective and prtective than thse at the bttm. Fllwing the hierarchy nrmally leads t the implementatin f inherently safer systems. The risk f illness r injury shuld be substantially reduced. Let s take a clser lk at each f the cntrl measures. Eliminatin The best cntrl measure t cntrl a hazard is t eliminate it. If yu dn t have the hazard, yu wn t get injured. While eliminatin is the mst effective at reducing hazards, it als tends t be the mst difficult t implement in an existing prcess. If the cnstructin prject is still at the design r develpment stage, eliminatin and substitutin f hazards may be inexpensive and simple t implement. Fr an existing prcess, majr changes in equipment and prcedures may be required t eliminate r substitute fr a hazard. Substitutin The next best cntrl measure is t substitute smething else in its place that wuld be nnhazardus r less hazardus t wrkers. Fr example, a nn-txic (r less txic) chemical culd be substituted fr a hazardus ne. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 34 f 67

43 Curse 800 Engineering Cntrls Engineering cntrls are used t remve a hazard r place a barrier between the wrker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering cntrls can be highly effective in prtecting wrkers and will typically be independent f wrker interactins t prvide this high level f prtectin. The initial cst f engineering cntrls can be higher than the cst f administrative cntrls r persnal prtective equipment, but ver the lnger term, perating csts are frequently lwer, and in sme instances, can prvide a cst savings in ther areas f the prcess. Engineering cntrls shuld be designed t make it difficult fr emplyees t defeat the cntrls. Engineering cntrls include methds such as using nise dampening technlgy t reduce nise levels; enclsing a chemical prcess in a Plexiglas "glve bx"; using mechanical lifting devices; r using lcal exhaust ventilatin that captures and carries away the cntaminants befre they can get in the breathing zne f wrkers. Administrative Cntrls If engineering cntrls cannt be implemented, r cannt be implemented right away, administrative cntrls shuld be cnsidered. These methds fr prtecting wrkers have als prven t be less effective than ther measures, requiring significant effrt by the affected wrkers. Administrative cntrls wrk nly s lng as emplyee behavir cnfrms t standards. Administrative cntrls invlve changes in wrkplace plicies and prcedures. They can include such things as: warning alarms labeling systems reducing the time wrkers are expsed t a hazard training Fr example, wrkers culd be rtated in and ut f a ht area rather than having t spend eight hurs per day in the heat. Back-up alarms n trucks that are backing up are an example f effective warning systems. Hwever, warning signs used instead f crrecting a hazard that can and shuld be crrected are nt acceptable frms f hazard cntrl. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 35 f 67

44 Curse 800 Persnal Prtective Equipment (PPE) PPE is the last resrt and least effective means f cntrlling expsure t hazards because f the high ptential fr damage t render PPE ineffective. Again, the success f this cntrl measure depends nt nly n the quality f the PPE, but als the quality f human behavir. PPE shuld be used nly while ther mre effective cntrls are being develped r installed, r if there are n ther mre effective ways t cntrl the hazard. This is because: The hazard is nt eliminated r changed. If the equipment is inadequate r fails, the wrker is nt prtected. N persnal prtective equipment is fl-prf (fr example, respiratrs leak). Persnal prtective equipment is ften uncmfrtable and can place an additinal physical burden n a wrker. Persnal prtective equipment can actually create hazards. Fr example, the use f respiratrs fr lng perids f time can put a strain n the heart and lungs. While there are sme jbs, such as remving asbests, where wearing adequate persnal prtective equipment is abslutely essential, there are many jbs where emplyers hand ut persnal prtective equipment when in fact they shuld be using mre effective hazard cntrl methds. Other Methds t Prevent and Cntrl Hazards Let s take a lk at sme f the prgrams and prcesses that will help the cmpany prevent and cntrl typical hazards n a cnstructin wrksite. Wrksite Inspectins Yur cmpany shuld cnduct daily wrksite inspectins. Hazards shuld be dcumented, reviewed, and crrectins shuld be made in a timely manner. Mre detailed, written inspectins shuld be cnducted by a designated persn n a weekly r mnthly basis. Yur cmpany s Safety Crdinatr r ther designated safety persn shuld tur each jb site and bserve ptential safety/health hazards, and develp a plan fr safeguarding the wrkers, which may include the fllwing: Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 36 f 67