CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Revised July 2017 CONFINED SPACES PROGRAM

Transcription

1 CONFINED SPACES PROGRAM

2 Cntents 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE DEFINITIONS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IDENTIFICATION / CLASSIFICATION / INVENTORY OF CONFINED SPACES (Appendix A) A BASIC PROCESS FOR WORKING IN POTENTIAL CONFINED SPACES STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs) (Appendices C, D, E, F G) HAZARD ASSESSMENT (Frm A, Appendix H) ENTRY PLAN and ON-SITE RESCUE PLANS (Frm B, Appendix I) CO-ORDINATION DOCUMENT (See Appendix J) ENTRY PERMITS (Appendix K) TRAINING ISOLATION OF ENERGY AND CONTROL OF MATERIALS MOVEMENT ATMOSPHERIC TESTING VENTILATION AND PURGING EXPLOSIVE and FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES / HOT WORK ENTERING AND EXITING ACCESS CONTROL RECORD KEEPING PROGRAM EVALUATION APPENDICES APPENDIX A: APPENDIX B: APPENDIX C: APPENDIX D: APPENDIX E: APPENDIX F: APPENDIX G: APPENDIX H: APPENDIX I: APPENDIX J: Cnfined Space Identificatin/Classificatin Guide (Decisin Tree) Standard Operating Prcedure # 1A, Electrical Service Chamber Entry, N Ht Wrk r Chemical Cating Standard Operating Prcedure # 1B, Electrical Service Chamber Entry, Ht Wrk Standard Operating Prcedure # 2, Biler Drum Entry Standard Operating Prcedure # 3, Tank Entry Standard Operating Prcedure # 4, Sump Pit Entry Frm A: Hazard Assessment Frm B: Entry and On-Site Rescue Plans Frm C: C-rdinatin Dcument Entry Permit 2

3 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE Intrductin A cnfined space means a fully r partially enclsed space, (a) that is nt bth designed and cnstructed fr cntinuus human ccupancy, and (b) in which atmspheric hazards may ccur because f its cnstructin, lcatin r cntents r because f wrk that is dne in it; Due t the significant ptential hazards which cnfined spaces may present t University emplyees and cntractrs, it is the University's respnsibility as an emplyer t develp, implement and maintain a written prgram. The intent f this prgram is t ensure cmpliance with the general requirements f the Occupatinal Health and Safety Act f Ontari, and the specific requirements f Ontari Regulatin fr Cnfined Spaces, (O.Reg. 632/05, Extended Wrkplaces) t prevent unauthrized entry int cnfined spaces; and t prtect the health and safety f thse wh must enter cnfined spaces n University prperty. Wherever pssible, entry int cnfined spaces will be avided by mving equipment ut f these spaces, using remte methds t d the wrk, r any ther means that will eliminate the need fr a wrker t enter a cnfined space. At the University, there are als restricted spaces which are separate and different frm cnfined spaces. A restricted space means a fully r partially enclsed space, (a) that is nt bth designed and cnstructed fr cntinuus human ccupancy, but (b) in which atmspheric hazards are nt present nr likely t ccur While the level f risk is lwer, there are recmmended prcedures fr wrking within a restricted space. Refer t the Restricted Spaces Standard n the Office f Envirnmental Health and Safety (EHS) website fr mre infrmatin. Scpe This prgram applies t all cnfined spaces n University prperty (except thse under the jurisdictin f a cnstructr) and cvers any University f Trnt (U f T) emplyees whse jb duties require entry and wrk within r related t cnfined spaces. It is expected that this will be cmpsed primarily Utilities and Trades persnnel (St. Gerge campus) as well as the emplyees f Facilities Resurces and Management departments at the University f Trnt Scarbrugh (UTSC) and University f Trnt Mississauga (UTM). Hwever, when emplyees f ther departments, academics, r students are invlved, they must als cmply. Cntractrs and subcntractrs entering cnfined spaces at the University must abide by the prcedures established by this prgram and, where necessary, accrding t the C-rdinatin dcument. 2.0 DEFINITIONS (adapted frm O.Reg. 632/05 and the MOL Cnfined Spaces Guideline, Sept. 06) acceptable atmspheric levels means that, 3

4 (a) the atmspheric cncentratin f any explsive r flammable gas r vapur is less than, (i) 25 % f its lwer explsive limit, if the wrker is perfrming nly inspectin wrk that des nt prduce a surce f ignitin, (ii) (iii) 10 % f its lwer explsive limit, if the wrker is perfrming nly cld wrk and, 5 % f its lwer explsive limit, if the wrker is perfrming ht wrk and is fllwing apprpriate prcedures, (b) the xygen cntent f the atmsphere is at least 19.5 per cent but nt mre than 23 per cent by vlume, and (c) the expsure t atmspheric cntaminants des nt exceed any applicable level set ut in a regulatin made under the Act atmspheric hazards means, (a) the accumulatin f flammable, cmbustible r explsive agents, (b) an xygen cntent in the atmsphere that is less than 19.5 per cent r mre than 23 per cent by vlume, r (c) r the accumulatin f atmspheric cntaminants, including gases, vapurs, fumes, dusts mists, that culd, space; (i) (ii) cmpetent persn means a persn wh, result in acute health effects that pse an immediate threat t life, r interfere with a persn s ability t escape unaided frm a cnfined (a) is qualified because f knwledge, training and experience t rganize the wrk and its perfrmance (b) is familiar with the OHS Act and the regulatins that apply t the wrk and (c) has knwledge f any ptential r actual danger t health r safety in the wrkplace; cnfined space means a fully r partially enclsed space, (a) that is nt bth designed and cnstructed fr cntinuus human ccupancy, and (b) in which atmspheric hazards may ccur because f its cnstructin, lcatin r cntents r because f wrk that is dne in it; cntinuus human ccupancy refers t a space that has been designed and cnstructed in accrdance with recgnized cdes and standards that cntain prvisins fr structural adequacy, access and egress, ventilatin and lighting such that a human culd ccupy that space. engulfment means the surrunding f a persn by a liquid r finely divided slid that can be aspirated t cause death by plugging the respiratry system, r that can exert enugh frce n the bdy t cause death by strangulatin, cnstrictin r crushing. flammable gas is a gas that is capable f being ignited and burned when mixed with the prper prprtins f air, xygen r ther xidizer flammable vapur is the vapur generated by a flammable liquid that is capable f being ignited and burned when mixed with the prper prprtins f air xygen, r ther xidizer flammable liquid means a liquid with a flashpint belw 37.8 degrees Celsius inerting is a special frm f purging and ventilating that invlves purging xygen frm a cnfined space using an inert gas (such as nitrgen, carbn dixide, r argn) t remve the hazard f fire 4

5 r explsin by reducing the cncentratin f xygen t belw the level that can supprt cmbustin islatin f energy and cntrl f materials mvement means using adequate methds and prcedures t ensure that each wrker entering a cnfined space is prtected against (a) the release f hazardus substances int the cnfined space (b) cntact with electrical energy (c) cntact with mving parts f equipment (d) drwning, engulfment, entrapment, suffcatin and ther hazards frm free-flwing material lead emplyer means an emplyer wh cntracts fr the services f ne r mre ther emplyers r independent cntractrs in relatin t ne r mre cnfined spaces that are lcated, (a) in the lead emplyer s wn wrkplace, r (b) in anther emplyer s wrkplace; persn with adequate knwledge, training and experience r cmpetent wrker can include a wrker, supervisr, cnsultant, r anyne wh has "academic" knwledge f the task at hand, hands-n knwledge in safely perfrming the wrk, a knwledge f the assciated hazards, the pssible cntrls, and the legal requirements, in rder t enact the necessary cntrls t prtect the health and safety f the wrkers in and abut the cnfined space. related wrk means wrk that is perfrmed near a cnfined space in direct supprt f wrk inside the cnfined space 3.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Management The Facilities and Services Department n the St. Gerge campus and Facilities Resurces and Management at UTM and UTSC campuses have the primary respnsibility fr cntrlling access t and authrizing wrk in mst cnfined spaces. Hwever, there may als be situatins where the Cnfined Space is wned by a specific researcher r department. In these cases the respnsibility wuld rest with the wner. This applies t wrk perfrmed bth by University emplyees and cntractrs hired by the University. In additin t the general prcedures utlined in the University f Trnt Cnfined Spaces Prgram, management shall ensure that hazard assessments, entry plans, entry permits, n-site rescue plans and c-rdinatin dcuments are written fr each cnfined space in which University emplyees r cntractrs perfrm wrk, using the frms prvided, r ther acceptable means, prir t entry. Supervisrs Supervisrs must be familiar with the requirements f this prgram and ensure that emplyees r cntractrs under his/her supervisin understand the general and specific prcedures and knw hw t cnduct their cnfined space tasks safely. Supervisrs must als ensure that all staff wrking in r cnducting wrk related t cnfined spaces are adequately trained. Supervisrs may be required t prvide plan-specific training. 5

6 Emplyees University emplyees wh are required t perfrm wrk in, r invlving, cnfined spaces shall wrk in accrdance with the University's Cnfined Space Prgram. The attendant A wrker wh is trained in the hazards f cnfined spaces and the wrk t be dne and whse primary respnsibility is t mnitr and assist the wrkers in the cnfined space.the attendant's primary rle is t mnitr and assist the entrants (wrkers inside the space.) S/he must understand the hazards that may be present r may develp in the Cnfined Space and must remain statined utside and at the entrance at all times. There must be a means fr cnstant cmmunicatin between the attendant and the entrants, as well as a cmmunicatin methd fr the attendant t summn a rescue respnse if required. The attendant must cntrl activities at the entrance and keep unauthrized peple away. S/he als has the authrity t rder the entrant(s) ut f the space if an unsafe cnditin develps. If necessary, the attendant will initiate the rescue and may be invlved in rescue wrk, as lng as s/he has the apprpriate training. Hwever, s/he must never leave the entrance f Cnfined Space unless replaced by anther attendant. The Entrant A wrker trained in the hazards f cnfined spaces and the wrk t be dne and wh enters the space t perfrm wrk. S/he must be aware f all knwn and ptential hazards f the space as well as be capable f perfrming the wrk. Cnstant cmmunicatin with the attendant is required and the entrant must exit the space immediately if s rdered by the attendant. A Cmpetent persn is required fr: Develping and implementing the cnfined space entry plan Verifying by signature that the entry permit cntinues t cmply with the plan, prir t the start f each shift (and befre first, initial entry). Persns with adequate knwledge, training, and experience are required fr: Carrying ut an adequate assessment f the hazards in the cnfined space befre any wrker enters the cnfined space Signing and dating the assessment and prviding it t the emplyer Cnducting the training f wrkers befre they are allwed t enter the cnfined space Inspecting the rescue equipment t ensure it is in gd wrking rder Perfrming adequate tests as ften as necessary, t ensure that acceptable atmspheric levels are maintained in the cnfined space, in accrdance with the relevant plan Inspecting the persnal prtective equipment used by an entrant. Envirnmental Health and Safety (EHS) The Office f Envirnmental Health and Safety will prvide: Maintain, review and update the prgram as needed Hazard identificatin and recgnitin f cnfined spaces Other advice and cnsultatin as required by the situatin Generic cnfined space training t University emplyees Departments are respnsible fr prviding site-specific training t their staff (e.g. Entry Plan training, rescue equipment training). 6

7 Cntractrs Overall respnsibility fr safety f wrkers entering the cnfined space falls nt the Cnstructr in the case f a prject r t the UfT hiring department as the lead emplyer fr wrk that is nt cnsidered a prject. The cnstructr f a prject shuld fllw their wn cnfined space prgram and prcedures. The UfT hiring department is respnsible fr prviding the cnstructr with a cpy f the UfT Cnfined Space Prgram (required by regulatin). The Cnstructr s Cnfined Space Prgram shuld meet r exceed the requirements f Ontari Regulatin 632/05 and UfT Cnfined Space Prgram. Where the University f Trnt is acting as the lead emplyer : 1) Befre authrizing wrk in a cnfined space, the department retaining the cntractr shall prvide a reprt t the prspective cntractr as part f the wrk specificatin. The reprt shall cntain the hazard assessment f the area. The cntractr will review the hazard assessment and csign that the assessment is adequate. 2) All cntractrs must be fully familiar with and be able t demnstrate cmpliance with the Occupatinal Health and Safety Act, the Cnfined Space Regulatin O.Reg. 632/05, and the U f T Cnfined Space Prgram. 3) Cntractrs shuld fllw the UfT Cnfined Space Prgram. Alternatively, if the cntractr has their wn prgram, the cntractr must prvide a cpy f their wn Cnfined Space Prgram and related dcuments fr review by the hiring department t ensure they are adequate. The hiring department wuld be cnsidered t be the lead emplyer and, as such, is respnsible fr the verall health and safety f the cntractr. Therefre the hiring department must review the entry and emergency plans t ensure that they are adequate, prir t the cmmencement f the jb. 4) The cntractr must als prvide written evidence that their wrkers have received apprpriate training. 5) When there are wrkers frm multiple emplyers (e.g. cntractrs + UfT emplyees r cntactrs frm mre than 1 cmpany) a C-rdinatin dcument must be cmpleted. It will be prepared by the U f T hiring department (as the Lead emplyer) and will be signed by representatives f bth the University and the cntractr(s) prir t entry. In these cases, the U f T prgram and dcuments will be used. Jint Health and Safety Cmmittee (JHSC) Under Ontari Regulatin 632/05, the apprpriate UfT JHSC will be: Prvided a cpy f the UfT Cnfined Space Prgram Prvided a cpy f the C-rdinatin dcument (where applicable) Cnsulted with the develpment and maintenance f the Prgram and n general cnfined space training requirements If requested, be prvided with a cpy f the Hazard Assessment and the qualificatins f the persn perfrming the Hazard Assessment. 7

8 4.0 IDENTIFICATION / CLASSIFICATION / INVENTORY OF CONFINED SPACES (Appendix A) Identificatin and classificatin f all ptential cnfined spaces will be dne by the Facilities and Services, and Facilities Management/Resurces departments, with the assistance f EHS, where necessary. If the space is already listed n the inventry and/r a sign is psted, then it is a Cnfined Space and all requirements f the prgram must be fllwed. If the space is nt listed n the inventry and there is n sign psted, then the Cnfined Space Identificatin/Classificatin Guide (Appendix A) may be used t determine if the space meets the requirements f the definitin and, if s, what the classificatin is, based n the wrk t be dne. It shuld be nted that classificatins might change depending n the wrk t be dne in the cnfined space. Even if a space is nt a cnfined space under the regulatins, every precautin reasnable in the circumstances must be taken t prtect wrkers entering the space. The University prgram defines tw types f Cnfined Spaces, and als Restricted Spaces. Example signs are prvided in the Appendices. 5.1 Class 1 Cnfined Space: This is a cnfined space, fr which, because f the nature f the hazard(s) r the lcatin f the space, under sme circumstances based n hazard assessment, it is nt feasible r pssible t render the space safe t enter withut prper respiratry prtectin. In such cases, persnnel entering this type f space must wear apprpriate respiratry equipment, usually Self Cntained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) r Supplied Air Respiratrs (SAR). U f T staff will nt be entering these spaces if SCBAs r SARs are required and the wrk will be cntracted ut t thse with the apprpriate capabilities. 5.2 Class 2 Cnfined Space: This is a cnfined space, which, due t the nature f the ptential hazard(s) r the lcatin f the space, in sme circumstances based n risk assessment, it can be rendered safe fr an emplyee t enter withut wearing respiratry prtectin. This can be accmplished thrugh wrk practices such as cntinuus ventilatin and air mnitring f the space Restricted Space (U f T): This is a space which is fully r partially enclsed, that is nt bth designed and cnstructed fr cntinuus human ccupancy, but in which atmspheric hazards are neither present nr likely t ccur. Thugh n permit is required fr these spaces, access r egress t and frm the space may be limited and mvement inside the space may be awkward r difficult s ther prcedures must be in place. Please see the U f T Restricted Spaces Standard (Revisin 2007) fr mre infrmatin. Classificatin Guide The classificatin assciated with each grup f cnfined spaces indicated in the table belw, is intended as a guide nly. Classificatin als depends n the wrk being perfrmed and the materials and prcesses that are brught int the space. Fr example, in circumstances where the wrk t be perfrmed, in what is usually a Class 2 space, is such that respiratry prtectin (SCBA r SAR) will be required (this may include activities such as ht wrk, painting, cating, using slvents, sandblasting etc.) then it may be necessary t reclassify it as a Class 1 Cnfined Space. Likewise, if wrk r materials that create an atmspheric hazard are intrduced int a Restricted Space, it may becme a Cnfined Space. 8

9 GROUP TYPES OF SPACES CLASSIFICATION A. PITS / SERVICE CHAMBERS 1) Sewage pit Class 1 2) Nn-sewage pit Class 2 3) Electrical service chamber Class 2 4) Mechanical service chamber Class 2 B. TANKS Nte: Designatin f tanks as "pen" r "clsed" is based n entry fr maintenance wrk. C. COOLING TOWER BASINS 1) Open * tanks (e.g. neutralizing, degasifier, de-chlrinatr, etc.) * Open - entry int these tanks is accmplished after the remval f a relatively large lid 2) Clsed ** tanks (e.g. cndensate, expansin, cmpressr, receiver, dmestic ht water, etc.) ** Clsed- entry int these tanks is accmplished thrugh a relatively small entry prt Class 2 Class 2 Restricted Space D. BOILERS Class 2 E. CRAWLSPACES Including areas with the prbability f expsure t asbests. Restricted Space Inventries The Facilities and Services, r Facilities Resurces/Management departments will maintain the inventries f all cnfined spaces n each campus. EHS will als keep a cpy. It is anticipated that these will be available n-line in the future. Any new cnfined spaces that are discvered, r spaces that have been eliminated, shuld be reprted t Facilities and Services r Facilities Management/Resurces and t EHS immediately, s the inventry can be updated. Signage Once a cnfined space has been identified, it must be prperly signed, t warn against unauthrized entry and wrk. The sign will als bear the unique identificatin number fr the cnfined space as recrded in the inventry. The unique identificatin number will incrprate infrmatin frm the table abve where pssible. The identificatin number will be cmprised f: building number - class - grup/type - number. Fr example, a mechanical service chamber in the Sidney Smith Building (Building 033) wuld be classified as II - A

10 5.0 A BASIC PROCESS FOR WORKING IN POTENTIAL CONFINED SPACES Fllw the steps utlined in Table 1 fr planning and executing cnfined space entries. EHS may be cntacted during any f these steps fr cnsultatin. ALL dcuments utlined in this prcess must be cmpleted prir t any entry int a cnfined space. Table 1: Steps fr Planning and Executing Cnfined Space Entries (nn-prjects) Step Purpse Actins 1 Determine if the space is a cnfined space (r pssibly a restricted space) 1. Cnsult cnfined space inventry 2. Check fr signage 3. If still unsure, use Decisin Tree (Appendix A) 4. Cntact EHS fr cnsultatin if required 5. If this is a NEW cnfined space, cntact EHS t dcument in the Cnfined 2 Determine if there is a Standard Operating Prcedure (SOP) already available: SOP #1A, Cable Chamber Entry SOP #1B, Cable Chamber Entry (Ht Wrk) SOP #2, Biler Drum Entry SOP #3, Sump Pit Entry SOP #4, Tank Entry The SOPs include the Hazard Plan (Frm A) and Entry & On-Site Rescue Plan (Frm B). 3 If Step 2 is nt applicable (n SOP relevant t current wrk), cmplete a Hazard assessment and Entry & On-site rescue plan. 4 If wrkers frm multiple emplyers enter the cnfined space fr related wrk, the lead emplyer must make sure the cnditins are safe fr ALL wrkers. 5 When the site is ready t begin wrk, entry plan is fully implemented and the space is safe fr all wrkers prir t entry: all relevant equipment, training and prcedures (including attendant, air Space Inventry 1. Review entire SOP and implement prcedures utlined in the SOP. 2. Revise t meet current cnditins if necessary. 1. Cmplete Frm A Hazard Assessment. 2. Then, based n the Hazard Assessment, cmplete Fr B Entry & On-Site Rescue Plan. 1. Cmplete Frm C Crdinatin Dcument. 2. Prvide cpy t applicable JHSC 1. Cmplete Entry Permit 2. Prceed with wrk when all f the abve is cmplete mnitring) are in place. 6 Meet regulatry requirements fr recrdkeeping. 1. See Sectin 18 Recrd Keeping fr recrd retentin (required by law). In sme cases, the wner f the cnfined space and the emplyer/supervisr f the entrants may nt be the same. Table 2 utlines respnsibilities fr dcument preparatin between varius parties: 10

11 Table 2: Dcument Preparatin Respnsibilities Owner: Step (Refer t Table 1) Utilities (U) Cnfined Spaces Utilities Cnfined Spaces Utilities Cnfined Spaces Other U f T Owner (O) (e.g. departments.) DOCUMENT: Wrk By: Utilities Staff Trades Staff (T) Cntractr(s) (C) Cntractr(s) (U, T, r cntractr) SOP 2 U U, c-signed by Trades U, c-signed by Cntractr(s) O, c-signed by Cntractr Frm A: Hazard Assessment 3 U U, c-signed by Trades U, c-signed by Cntractr(s) O, c-signed by Cntractr Frm B: Entry & Onsite rescue plans Frm C: C-rdinatin dcument Entry permit (including permit authrizatin) 4 U T C C 5 NA NA U (lead) & C O (lead) & C (Except T&U) 6 U T C C 6.0 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs) (Appendices C, D, E, F G) Standard Operating Prcedures have been develped fr the five mst cmmn Cnfined Space Entries at U f T. These are Cable Chamber Entry, Cable Chamber Entry - Ht Wrk, Biler Drum Entry, Sump Pit Entry and Tank Entry. Mre SOPs will be develped, as needed. The SOPs include a baseline hazard assessment f a typical space, an entry plan, and an n-site rescue plan, as well as specific prcedures t be fllwed. Immediately prir t an entry, it is mandatry that the entire SOP be thrughly reviewed and revised as necessary, t ensure that n new hazards have develped since the SOP was written. In additin, different wrk activities culd result in different hazards. All parties invlved must sign the frm indicating that they agree that the SOP is adequate fr the wrk t be dne. In additin t the SOP, an Entry Permit and a Frm C C-rdinatin dcument (where necessary) must be cmpleted befre wrk can begin. 11

12 7.0 HAZARD ASSESSMENT (Frm A, Appendix H) Befre any wrker enters a cnfined space, the supervisr shall ensure that an adequate written assessment f the hazards related t the cnfined space has been cmpleted. The hazard assessment must be cmpleted by a persn (supervisr, frepersn, lead hand, r ther wrker) with adequate knwledge, training and experience t be able t perfrm the assessment. The supervisr must maintain a recrd cntaining details f the persn s knwledge, training and experience. The purpse f the hazard assessment is t identify all the existing hazards f an individual cnfined space, and als the hazards that may develp during the planned wrk activity inside the cnfined space. In additin t assessing the atmspheric hazards, the general safety and health hazards present in the space must als be cnsidered. Examples f hazards include xygen deficiency, flammable vapurs, txics, general safety hazards, means f access/egress, temperature extremes, asbests and nise. 8.0 ENTRY PLAN and ON-SITE RESCUE PLANS (Frm B, Appendix I) Befre any wrker enters a cnfined space, the supervisr shall ensure that a written entry plan and nsite rescue plan have been prepared specifically fr that space and the wrk t be dne in it. The entry plan is a set f measures and prcedures t cntrl all hazards identified by the assessment fr that cnfined space t allw wrkers t enter and wrk safely. Individual departments are respnsible fr develping these specific prcedures that relate t their wrk. The Office f Envirnmental Health and Safety will prvide assistance and supprt, as required. The Entry Plan shuld include infrmatin abut the fllwing: Duties f wrkers On-site rescue prcedures Rescue equipment and methds f cmmunicatin Persnal prtective equipment, clthing and devices, Islatin f energy and cntrl f materials mvement Attendants Adequate means fr entering and exiting Atmspheric testing Prcedures fr wrking in the presence f explsive r flammable substances, Ventilatin and purging Crdinatin dcument (where applicable) Befre any wrker enters a cnfined space, the supervisr shall ensure that a written n-site rescue plan has been develped, t effectively and quickly remve a wrker frm a cnfined space. The n-site rescue plan must be based n the hazard assessment and must be ready fr immediate implementatin. Trained persnnel and apprpriate equipment must be present and ready fr use. Calling 911 as the rescue plan is nt cnsidered t be an adequate n-site rescue plan. Emergency services d nt replace the requirement fr n-site rescue prcedures. In additin t general cnfined space training, the emplyer must ensure that an adequate number f nsite wrkers are present and have the fllwing training: First aid and cardipulmnary resuscitatin; 12

13 On-site rescue prcedures in accrdance with the relevant plan; and Use f the rescue equipment required by the relevant plan. Rescue equipment must be readily available. The types f rescue required will be depends upn the hazards in the cnfined space, and the plan. Inspectin recrds f rescue equipment must als be maintained. Examples f equipment include: harnesses and lifelines, hist/retrieval systems, selfcntained breathing apparatus, airline respiratrs, and ther persnal prtective equipment. The dimensins f the access/egress pints t the cnfined space shuld be cmpatible with the dimensins f the rescue equipment and rescue prcedures. If entry is required t perfrm a rescue, rescue persnnel must be prperly prtected and trained. Where necessary, n-site rescue cntractrs may be hired t fulfill this functin but the UfT hiring department remains respnsible fr ensuring that the training f the cntracted rescue persnnel and any equipment is adequate. 9.0 CO-ORDINATION DOCUMENT (See Appendix J) A written C-rdinatin Dcument is required where wrkers f mre than ne emplyer (e.g. U f T and a cntractr) will perfrm wrk in the same cnfined space r related wrk with respect t the same cnfined space. Wrkers may be wrking in the space at the same time, r cnsecutively. Related wrk is defined as wrk that is perfrmed near a cnfined space in direct supprt f wrk inside the cnfined space. The intent f the c-rdinatin dcument is: 1. T ensure that all emplyers and their wrkers are aware f ptential r existing hazards that may be intrduced by thers, and that there is cmmunicatin between r amng the emplyers in rder t ensure wrker safety. 2. T reduce duplicatin with respect t requirements such as assessments plans, and entry permits. This sharing f tasks des nt diminish an emplyer s duties and each emplyer is still required t ensure cmpliance with the regulatins. The crdinatin dcument des nt allw fr the sharing f respnsibilities fr general training, persnal prtective equipment and recrds. The c-rdinatin dcument must ensure that emplyer duties are perfrmed in a way that prtects the health and safety f ALL wrkers wh perfrm wrk in the cnfined space r related wrk with respect t the cnfined space. Cpies f the c-rdinatin dcument must be prvided t each emplyer and t the JHSC r Representatives f each emplyer. In mst cases, the c-rdinatin dcument will be prepared by U f T, as the Lead emplyer. If a jb is cntracted ut entirely, and U f T wrkers will nt be invlved, then a c-rdinatin dcument is nt needed. Hwever, as the emplyer, the persn hiring the cntractr must ensure that the cntractr wrks in cmpliance with the legislatin and the U f T Prgram ENTRY PERMITS (Appendix K) Fr the purpses f the permit, entry is the actin by which a persn passes thrugh an pening int a cnfined space. It is cnsidered t have ccurred as sn as any part f the entrant s bdy breaks the plane f an pening int the cnfined space. The supervisr must ensure that a written entry permit is issued befre wrk begins in a cnfined space. The permit must be signed by a cmpetent persn and must be psted r therwise made readily 13

14 available t every persn invlved in the cnfined space activity. Under the Occupatinal Health and Safety Act, a cmpetent persn is defined as a persn wh, (a) is qualified because f knwledge, training and experience t rganize the wrk and its perfrmance (b) is familiar with the OHS Act and the regulatins that apply t the wrk and (c) has knwledge f any ptential r actual danger t health r safety in the wrkplace; In the cntext f a cnfined space entry, this is ften the supervisr f the wrkers entering the cnfined space. This supervisr must meet the definitin abve, have received training as utlined in Sectin 11 and must be knwledgeable abut the Hazard Assessment and Rescue Plans that have been put in place fr that specific entry. At the University f Trnt, the management f cnfined space entries is ften cntracted t specialized cnsultants (e.g. Safety Scpe). In thse cases, the cnfined space entry cnsultants will cmplete the Hazard Assessment Plan (including the Rescue Plan) and the Entry Permits. The UfT cntact (i.e. the persn wh hires the cnfined space cnsultants) shuld still understand the prcess and ensure that all necessary paperwrk is cmpleted and that they receive cpies f the dcuments and keep them fr a minimum f 3 years (see Sectin 18 n Recrdkeeping). A cnfined space entry permit system ensures that the ptential hazards f a particular cnfined space have been identified and assessed, that necessary preventive measures are in place, and that wrkers are aware f and/r are reminded f the crrect prcedures prir t entry. The permit is dated and is valid nly fr the specified time perid (usually ne shift). Supervisrs must review the Hazard Assessment/SOP BEFORE issuing a new permit t ensure that cnditins have nt changed since the start f wrk. The permit includes the fllwing infrmatin: Lcatin f the cnfined space Descriptin f wrk t be perfrmed Descriptin f hazards and crrespnding cntrl measures Time perid fr which the permit applies Name f the attendant Recrds f each wrker s entries and exits List f equipment required fr entry and rescue and verificatin that the equipment is in gd wrking rder Atmspheric testing results ate, time, lcatin, type f wrk t be dne; air mnitring results; name f entrants and attendants and a recrd f entries, etc. If ht wrk is perfrmed, adequate prvisins fr the ht wrk and crrespnding cntrl measures TRAINING All University emplyees wh are required t perfrm wrk in, r related t, cnfined spaces, as well as thse University supervisrs wh authrize wrk perfrmed in cnfined spaces shall receive apprpriate training t be able t safely perfrm their assigned duties. Managers and supervisrs are respnsible fr identifying emplyees wh require training. Hazard Recgnitin and ther general Training This training shall include, but is nt limited t, the fllwing: The U f T Cnfined Space Prgram 14

15 Respnsibilities under the Cnfined Space Prgram Identificatin and Classificatin f Cnfined Spaces at the University Recgnitin and Assessment f Ptential Hazards Cntrlling Hazards (Lckut and ther methds, Purging and Ventilating; Air Mnitring; Respiratry Prtectin) UfT are generally nt trained in the use f supplied air respiratrs. If this type f respiratr is required, then the wrk must be cnducted by qualified cntractrs with the training. Entry Plans Entry Permits On-site Rescue plans C-rdinatin dcuments Plan-specific training Every wrker invlved in a cnfined space entry must als be adequately trained in accrdance with the plan fr that space. This training will usually be cnducted by the supervisr immediately prir t entry int the cnfined space. It shuld include review f the: specific wrk t be dne while in the cnfined space rles f wrkers cmmunicatin methds prcedures fr entering the cnfined space use f persnal prtective equipment prcedures t fllw in the event f an emergency Practical Training Hands-n training and practice in use f ventilatin equipment, air mnitrs, tripds, winches, harnesses, etc. and training n hw t inspect equipment will be arranged as needed and may be prvided by utside surces, if necessary. Sme departments have cntracted ut this prtin f wrk t qualified rescue teams. Rescue Training The training will be based n the hazards anticipated fr each space. On-site rescue prcedures shuld be practiced s as t ensure a high level f prficiency. Sme departments have cntracted ut this prtin f wrk t qualified rescue teams. Training shuld include: On-site rescue prcedures First aid and cardipulmnary resuscitatin Use f the specific rescue equipment Nt all members f the team might need t have all 3 elements f training, as lng as the team as a whle has the adequate training. The amunt f training required by each individual member f the team will depend n the particular situatin and plan ISOLATION OF ENERGY AND CONTROL OF MATERIALS 15

16 MOVEMENT Supervisrs must ensure that wrkers are fully prtected against any hazards assciated with the release f stred energy r materials mvement. Where pssible the cnfined space shuld be fully islated by lcking ut all surces f energy (including mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, steam, gravity), prtecting against mving r shifting materials, as well as cntaminants that culd enter the cnfined space thrugh prcess lines, drains r vents. This can be accmplished by ensuring that all systems are de-energized r therwise cntrlled as per the U f T General Lckut Prcedures and CSA Standard Z460 Cntrl f Hazardus Energy Lckut & Other Methds Only equipment that culd endanger a wrker, such as unguarded equipment, r equipment that may have expsed mving parts r that may create a pinch pint, requires de-energizing r blcking t prevent mvement. Fr example, a prperly guarded pump r fan wuld generally nt need t be deenergized. Hwever, in a cnfined space in which flammable, cmbustible r explsive agents might accumulate, the same equipment wuld be de-energized r designed s that it des nt create a spark ATMOSPHERIC TESTING Atmspheric testing is required when the assessment determines that the cnfined space may cntain atmspheric hazards. The atmspheric hazards f cncern include: Oxygen cntent utside the acceptable range f 19.5 t 23%, The ptential accumulatin f flammable, cmbustible, r explsive agents r The accumulatin f atmspheric cntaminants. The testing must be dne as ften as necessary, befre and while a wrker is in a cnfined space, t ensure that acceptable atmspheric levels are maintained. The testing must be dne by a persn with adequate knwledge, training and experience and all results must be recrded. Sampling shuld take int cnsideratin the presence f stratified atmspheres and pckets f cntaminated air within the cnfined space. The instruments used must be calibrated, in gd wrking rder and apprpriate t the hazards identified. Results shuld be made recrded and available t all entrants. If the cnfined space has been bth unccupied r unattended, tests shall be perfrmed befre allwing wrkers t re-enter. Whenever practical, cntinuus mnitring shuld be cnsidered. Cntinuus mnitring is required: When perfrming ht wrk in a cnfined space that cntains r is likely t cntain an explsive r flammable gas r vapur. When the atmsphere in the cnfined space has been rendered inert, r As therwise set ut in the cnfined space plan VENTILATION AND PURGING 16

17 Where an atmspheric hazard exists r is likely t exist in a cnfined space, the space must be purged and/r ventilated t ensure acceptable atmspheric levels, befre any wrker enters and during the time that the wrker is in the space. Hwever, since this wuld nt eliminate the pssibility f a ptential atmspheric hazard, the space wuld still be cnsidered a cnfined space. T ensure adequate ventilatin, the pints f air supply and exhaust shuld be separated as far as pssible. Openings must be prvided fr the entry f clean replacement air and/r t allw air t be exhausted. Pure xygen must nt be used t ventilate a cnfined space. If mechanical ventilatin is required t maintain acceptable atmspheric levels, an adequate warning system and exit prcedure must be established in case f ventilatin failure. An adequate warning system culd be an audible r visual alarm, r bth, that indicates that the ventilatin has failed. The alarm shuld be activated by a flw r pressure switch in the air stream rather than by electrical failure r ther mtive pwer failure. A pressure r flw switch wuld ensure that, fr example, if the fan belt fails, r the airflw is smehw blcked, the alarm is activated. In lieu f an alarm, a prcedure fr cmmunicating the ventilatin failure t the entrants must be established such that they have adequate time t exit safely. In situatins where purging and/r ventilating are nt adequate t maintain acceptable atmspheric levels, apprpriate respiratry prtective equipment (Supplied Air Respiratrs r Self Cntained Breathing Apparatus) must be used. Currently, this wrk wuld have t be cntracted ut t thse with apprpriate training and equipment as UfT staff are nt trained n supplied air r self-cntained breathing apparatus EXPLOSIVE and FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES / HOT WORK Ht wrk is wrk that culd prduce a surce f ignitin, such as a spark r pen flame. Examples f ht wrk include welding, sldering, cutting, grinding r using nn-explsin-prf electrical equipment. Cld wrk is wrk that cannt prduce a surce f ignitin including sparks. Examples f cld wrk include valve adjustment and brush painting. ALL cutting and welding peratins n the St. Gerge Campus must be apprved by Fire Preventin prir t the cmmencement f wrk. Ht Wrk Permits are issued n a 'per jb' basis, with the exceptin f U f T persnnel carrying ut rutine maintenance in designated 'Permanent Permit' areas such as wrkshps. The permit prcess helps t reduce the risk f fire, as well as the chance f nuisance fire alarms that result frm smke generated. Ht Wrk Permits must be arranged by U f T persnnel (UfT hiring department must request fr their cntractrs), by calling Fire Preventin. A minimum f 24 hurs' ntice is required, prir t the cmmencement f wrk. All effrts shuld be made via ventilatin and purging t render the atmsphere safe fr wrkers t enter. Where a cnfined space des cntains r is likely t cntain an explsive r flammable gas r vapur, Ontari Regulatin 632/05 des permit sme types f the wrk under the fllwing cnditins: Fr inspectin wrk that des nt prduce a surce f ignitin. In the case f an explsive r flammable gas r vapur, the atmspheric cncentratin is less than 25% f its lwer explsive limit, as determined by a cmbustible gas instrument. Fr cld wrk, in the case f an explsive r flammable gas r vapur, the atmspheric cncentratin is less than 10% f the lwer explsive limit, as determined by a cmbustible. Fr ht wrk in the presence f an explsive r flammable gas, vapur, cmbustible dust r mist, the fllwing precautins must be taken: 17

18 The space is purged and cntinuusly ventilated t maintain an atmsphere f less than 5% f the Lwer Explsive Limit (LEL) The space is purged and cntinuusly ventilated t maintain an xygen cncentratin f less than 23% The atmsphere in the cnfined space is cntinuusly mnitred; The entry permit includes adequate prvisins fr ht wrk and details the apprpriate measures t be taken An alarm system and an exit prcedure are in place t prvide adequate warning and allw safe escape if the levels abve are exceeded. It is gd practice t incrprate a safety factr that prvides fr adequate warning shuld the levels be apprached. Inerting uses an inert gas such as nitrgen, carbn dixide and can result in the displacement f xygen. If inerting is used, see requirements belw. Inerting is a methd fr remving flammable r cmbustible hazards by using an inert gas such as nitrgen, carbn dixide and argn. Hwever, this intrduces a new hazard (xygen efficiency). If inerting is used, the fllwing requirements must be met: Space is cntinuusly mnitred t ensure it remains inert Space is cntinuus mnitred fr xygen deficiency (and ther hazards if applicable and as identified in the Hazard Assessment) Wrker entering the cnfined space uses adequate respiratry prtective equipment (must wear supplied air respiratrs), adequate equipment t allw persns utside the cnfined space t lcate and rescue the wrker if necessary Any ther equipment necessary t ensure the wrker s safety ENTERING AND EXITING Prir t any wrker entering the cnfined space, the supervisr must ensure that there is an adequate means fr bth entering and exiting the space. Ladders r ther suitable means shuld be prvided where necessary and shuld be well secured. Drs r hinged cvers t cnfined spaces shuld be equipped such that they can be lcked in the pen psitin. The size f access and egress areas shuld be cnsidered when chsing persnal prtective equipment t be used by the wrkers, and als when setting up rescue prcedures and chsing rescue wrkers persnal prtective equipment and rescue equipment ACCESS CONTROL During the wrk, the attendant is respnsible fr cntrlling access t the space. Only thse wh are listed as entrants n the permit may enter the space. After the wrk had been cmpleted and all entrants are ut f the space, the space must be adequately secured against unauthrized r accidental entry. Methds may include lcks, barricades and warning signs. In sme circumstances, use f signs may nt be practical, such as fr every access hle and grate. A tl is usually required fr remval f the cver, and therefre, it wuld likely be cnsidered secure against entry. Hwever, utside cntractrs ften have the tls t gain access t U f T Cnfined Spaces where they have equipment installed. They have been knwn t enter these spaces withut cntacting U f T therefre we will cntinue t wrk twards signing r labelling these by whatever means pssible. 18

19 Given the nature f the University envirnment, in sme cases it may be preferable that the sign r label be installed inside the access pint such that it is visible when the cver is remved rather than n the utside where it may invite explratin by unauthrized individuals RECORD KEEPING The fllwing recrds related t Cnfined Space entry must be kept n file in the individual Department r divisin fr a minimum f three years r lnger such that at least dcumentatin fr the tw mst recent entries are available. The Office f Envirnmental Health and Safety will review these n a regular basis. Standard Operating Prcedures (include Hazard Assessment, Entry Plan, On-Site Rescue Plan) Frm A: Hazard Assessment Frm B: Entry and On-site Rescue Plans Frm C: C-rdinatin dcuments Entry permits Training Recrds (e.g. Hazard Awareness and General Training, Air Mnitr Training, First Aid/CPR training, Rescue Training and use f rescue equipment) Equipment Inspectin Recrds (e.g. air mnitr calibratin, inspectin recrds fr rescue equipment such as tripd, harness, winch inspectin and ther equipment as needed) 19.0 PROGRAM EVALUATION The Office f Envirnmental Health and Safety will review and update varius cmpnents f the Cnfined Space Prgram n a regular basis. The audit may cnsist f, but is nt limited t, a review f: Prgram elements against regulatry requirements and best practices All dcumentatin abve Site visits t cnfirm that wrkplace practices cmply with prgram requirements 19