UNEP BEIJING 2008 OLYMPIC GAMES AN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

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1 UNEP BEIJING 2008 OLYMPIC GAMES AN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

2 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS 6 ABOUTTHE REPORT 8 ABOUT UNEP 10 UNEP'S SPORT AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME 10 ENVIRONMENT AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES 11 FOREWORD 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14 PART ONE: GREENING THE OLYMPICS 23 CHAPTER 1: THE BIDDING PHASE, THE BEIJING 2008 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS AND 24 THE GREEN OLYMPICS'CONCEPT THE BID THE BID COMMITMENTS 26 TABLE 1.1: ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS FOR BEIJING BID COMMITMENTS THE GREEN OLYMPICS CONCEPT 29 FIGURE 1,1: THE FOUR ANIMAL MASCOTS OF THE BEIJING GAMES 30 FIGURE 1.2: THE GREEN OLYMPICS LOGO 30 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND INVOLVED PARTIES THE BEIJING 2008 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE GAMES OF THE XXIX OLYMPIAD (BOCOG) BOCOG'S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT BEIJING 2008 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION HEADQUARTERS OFFICE BEIJING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ADMINISTRATION (SEPA). 36 TABLE 2.1: MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SELECTED GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 37 CHAPTER 3: THE CITY OF BEIJING AND THE OLYMPIC SYSTEM THE CITY OF BEIJING THE COMPETITION VENUES AND THEIR POST-OLYMPIC USE 39

3 CHAPTER 4: GREENING THE GAMES THE GREEN OLYMPIC CONCEPT THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT AND THE OLYMPIC VENUES 42 TABLE 4.1: VENUES AND THEIR POST-OLYMPIC USES 44 TABLE 4.2: VENUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THE OLYMPIC VENUES: ENERGY 54 FIGURE 4.1: ILLUSTRATION OF BEAM-PIPE ILLUMINATION TECHNOLOGY THE OLYMPIC VENUES: TRANSPORT 57 FIGURE 4.2: PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK 58 FIGURE 4.3: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CHART 58 TABLE 4.3: VEHICLES BY TYPE AND CAPACITY THE OLYMPIC VENUES: WATER THE OLYMPIC VENUES: WASTE AND CLEANING THE OLYMPIC VENUES: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT BUILDING SITES 63 TABLE 4.4: INVESTMENT IN SWEEPING AND WASHING VEHICLES TABLE 4.5: TOTAL MUNICIPAL AREA MECHANICALLY SWEPT AND CLEANED : THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE : THE SHUNYI ROWING AND CANOEING VENUE 48 FIGURE 4.4: WATER TREATMENT CONCEPT AT THE SHUNYI ROWING AND CANOEING VENUE THE OLYMPIC VENUES: ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIALS THE OLYMPIC VENUES: OZONE LAYER PROTECTION 70 TABLE 4.6: ODS PHASE-OUT TARGETS 70 TABLE 4.7: CHINA OZONE COUNTRY PROGRAMME 71 TABLE 4.8:0DS PHASE-OUT IN BEIJING THE OLYMPIC VENUES: GREEN COVERAGE 73 TABLE 4.9: LAND USE IN THE OLYMPIC FOREST PARK TORCH RELAY PROCUREMENT ACCOMMODATION CATERING 78

4 4.16 MARKETING EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION 80 PARTTWO: GREENING BEIJING 84 CHAPTER 5: AIR QUALITY : GREENING BEIJING NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 87 TABLE 5.1: STANDARD II NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 88 FIGURE 5.1: NUMBERS OF DAYS WITH AIR QUALITY EQUAL OR ABOVE NATIONAL STANDARD, ANNUAL CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE CITY OF BEIJING 89 FIGURE 5.2: ANNUAL MEAN OF SO 2 CONCENTRATION IN BEIJING, FIGURE 5.3: ANNUAL MEAN FOR NO 2 CONCENTRATION IN BEIJING, FIGURE 5.4: ANNUAL MEAN FOR CO CONCENTRATION IN BEIJING, FIGURE 5.5: ANNUAL MEAN FOR PM 10 CONCENTRATION IN BEIJING, FIGURE 5.6: LEVEL OF POLLUTANTS, BEIJING, JAN. TO DEC FIGURE 5.7: LEVEL OF CO CONCENTRATION, BEIJING, JAN. TO DEC : WHO AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES AIR QUALITY IN BEIJING IN THE MONTH OF AUGUST FIGURE 5.8: NO 2 CONCENTRATION IN AUGUST, 2006 COMPARED TO WHO GUIDELINES 93 FIGURE 5.9: SO 2 CONCENTRATION IN AUGUST 2006, COMPARED WITH WHO GUIDELINES 94 FIGURE 5.10: DAILY PM10 CONCENTRATION AUGUST, 2006 COMPARED WITH WHO GUIDELINES 94 CHAPTER 6: TRANSPORT 95 TABLE6.1: NUMBER OFVEHICLES IN BEIJING BYTYPE VEHICLE EMISSIONS 96 TABLE 6.2: VEHICLES IN BEIJING, TABLE 6.3: DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF EMISSION STANDARDS IN CHINA AND EUROPE 97 TABLE 6.4: NUMBER OF VEHICLE INSPECTIONS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE 99 FIGURE 6.1: NEW ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, BEIJING PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 100 FIGURE 6.2: BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES, BEIJING 101

5 FIGURE 6.3: EXPECTED URBAN RAIL TRANSPORTATION NETWORK IN TABLE 6.5: RAIL LINES CURRENTLY IN OPERATION, BEIJING PUBLIC GROUND TRANSPORTATION 102 FIGURE 6.4: BEIJING BUS FLEET BY FUEL TYPE 102 FIGURE 6.5: TAXIS COMPLYING WITH EURO III VEHICLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS, FUEL CELL BUSES 105 TABLE 6.6: FCB PROJECT DATA UP TO APRIL CHAPTER 7: ENERGY AND INDUSTRY ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 106 TABLE 7.1: PRIMARY/SECONDARY/TERTIARY INDUSTRY RATIO IN BEIJING NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION 109 FIGURE 7.1: NATURAL GAS PURCHASED BY THE BEIJING GAS GROUP, ' 110 FIGURE 7.2: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS SERVED BY NATURAL GAS, TABLE 7.1: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION FORECAST, BEIJING, COAL-FIRED BOILERS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES 114 CHAPTER 8: WATER WATER SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY FOR SURFACE WATERS WATER QUALITY 122. TABLE 8.1: DRINKING WATER QUALITY : NO.9 WATERWORKS DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 125 TABLE 8.2: SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY, BEIJING, FIGURE 8,2: RATE OF WASTEWATER REUSE IN URBAN AREAS 127 8,3.1: DINGHE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 128 CHAPTER 9: SOLID WASTE URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT 130

6 TABLE 9.1: URBAN WASTE FACILITIES IN BEIJING TABLE 9.2: URBAN DOMESTIC GARBAGE PROCESSING IN EIGHT CENTRAL DISTRICTS TABLE 9.3: RECYCLING STATIONS IN BEIJING 9.1.1:THE BEISHENSHU LANDFILL 9.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BEIJING GOLDEN STATE WASTE DISPOSAL CO. LTD CHAPTER 10: GREEN COVERAGE AND PROTECTED AREAS IN BEIJING 137 TABLE 10.1: TOTAL AREA COVERED BY THE CITY OF BEIJING MOUNTAINS 138 FIGURE 10.1: DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST COVERAGE RATE IN THE MOUNTAIN REGION AROUND BEIJING THE 'FIVE RIVERS AND TEN ROADS' PROJECT (THE PLAIN AREA) 139 TABLE 10.2:'FIVE RIVERS AND TEN ROADS PROJECT' ( ) 140 TABLE 10.3: 'FIVE RIVERS AND TEN ROADS' BREAKDOWN BY PROJECTS THE URBAN AREA 141 FIGURE 10.2: DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATION COVERAGE IN BEIJING'S URBAN DISTRICTS 10.4 PROTECTED AREAS 142 TABLE 10.4: PROTECTED AREAS IN BEIJING PART THREE; THE NGO PERSPECTIVE 145 THE NGO PERSPECTIVE 145 CHAPTER 11: THE ENVIRONMENTAL NGO PERSPECTIVE 11.1 GREENPEACE CHINA 11.2 WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE 11.3 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 159

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