The potential of improved Water Distribution Management in the Urban Nexus
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1 The potential of improved Water Distribution Management in the Urban Nexus Fifth Regional Workshop on Integrated Resource Management in Asian Cities: The Urban Nexus, Chiang Mai, Thailand, June 2015 Younes Hassib (civil engineer) Sector Planner GIZ - Water Competence Centre Seite 1
2 Water Energy Water WATER to ENERGY: Annual global water withdrawal for energy production is 580 billion m³/year (or 15% of the freshwater consumption) (source: OECD/IEA, 2012) 70 billion m³/year are not returned to its source (source: OECD/IEA, 2012) ENERGY to WATER: The US consumes annually 520 Million MWh on water related energy use This corresponds with 13% of all electricity consumption in the country (source: The carbon footprint of water, River Network, 2009) Seite 2
3 ... let us put energy consumption into proportion... For example for lifting water: 1 m³ 1 m³ lift 1 m up! = equals ½ hour... For example for water desalination: 1 m³ 1 m³ = equals 200 minutes Seite 3
4 How much energy is used at what stage? Water Production and Conveyance Water Treatment Water Distribution Wastewater collection & treatment low 0,00 kwh/m³ 0,03 kwh/m³ 0,07 kwh/m³ 0,19 kwh/m³ high 3,73 kwh/m³ 4,27 kwh/m³ 0,32 kwh/m³ 1,23 kwh/m³ average --> 1,87 kwh/m³ 2,15 kwh/m³ 0,19 kwh/m³ 0,71 kwh/m³ accumulated --> 1,87 kwh/m³ 4,01 kwh/m³ 4,21 kwh/m³ 4,91 kwh/m³ What can we do to reduce the energy demand? Not much! Little!... we can do much better! optimize! Seite 4
5 ... so what are the common problems with WATER DISTRIBUTION? Poor workmanship Worn material Bad management of house connections No data! Seite 5
6 ... which result mostly in WATER LOSSES?... and generally poor asset management! Seite 6
7 How much water is effectively lost? Source: Guidelines for water loss reduction, giz, 2011 Seite 7
8 wasting WATER = wasting ENERGY! leak diameter leakage flow rate* low cost scenario high cost scenario [mm] [litres/minute] [m³/year] [kwh/year]** [USD/year]**** [kwh/year]*** [USD/year]**** 0,5 0, ,0 0, ,5 1, ,0 3, ,0 8, ,0 14, ,0 22, ,0 30, ,0 39, *) 5 bar press ure **) at 0,1 kwh/m³ ***) at 2,0 kwh/m³ ****) assuming 0.08 USD/kWh Seite 8
9 How to improve water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! Seite 9
10 How to optimize the water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network Seite 10
11 How to optimize the water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network - Create district metering areas (DMA s) ZONE 1 VALVE ZONE 2 ZONE 4 ZONE 3 Seite 11
12 How to improve water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network - Create district metering areas (DMA s) - Measure flow and correlate to subscribers ZONE 1 ZONE METERS VALVE ZONE 2 ZONE 4 ZONE 3 Seite 12
13 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network How to improve water distribution? - Create district metering areas (DMA s) - Measure flow and correlate to subscribers - Develop Water Balance (according to the International Water Association, IWA) Seite 13
14 1. Understand your distribution system! 2. Improve the system! How to improve water distribution? - Develop a Loss reduction strategy - Carry out leak detection measures - Implement construction measures: Short term solution: Reduce network pressure Investment: USD Water saved: m³/night Households served: Payback-period: 2 years Financed through: GIZ-PPP Seite 14
15 How to improve water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! 2. Improve the system! - Develop a Loss reduction strategy - Carry out leak detection measures - Implement construction measures: Short term solution: Reduce network pressure Long term solution: Repair the network Cost depend on many parameters and need to be studied carefully!... but if well done, it is definitively worth the effort! Seite 15
16 Thank You for your attention!... for more information please visit our website: Seite 16
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