Urban Water Vulnerability of Pakistan

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Byron Arnold
5 years ago
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1 Searching solutions for Urban Water Vulnerability of Pakistan Reconsidering Traditional but Effective Candidates Allocation and supply side Regulation Zaigham Habib 11/15/2017 1

2 Understanding Urban Water Vulnerability 1. Urban Water Cycle 2. Classification of Urban Uses: o Domestic indoor, outdoor o Commercial Social, business o Small Industry level of dependence 3. Available Supply Surface, Rain, Groundwater, water quality at the Source 4. Supply Network o Alternate water sources, Capacities o Efficiency leakage 5. Management System o Organizations public, private, users o Pricing and revenue 6. Key Issues: stress, quality, costs, health, over consumption 11/15/2017 2

3 Managing Urban water Vulnerability Supply Side Ensuring Sufficient Supply (developing, maintaining resources) Supply Mechanism (demand estimates & prioritization, Institutional roles, emergencies) Supply Commitment- Profile of Users & Consumption patters Governance: cost recovery, users satisfaction Demand Side Pricing type of user, level of water use, costing and collection mechanism Water efficient household equipment, prioritizing uses Awareness, willingness, incentives Community and Institutional relations 12/14/2017 3

4 Where We Stand? Filling up some Basic Gaps 12/14/2017 4

5 POPULATION IN MILLIONS Pakistan Population Projection for three Post 2017 Growth Scenarios % Annual growth rate in % Annual growth rate in Actual growth rate Growth rate slowed 2 times Growth rate slowed 4 times 12/14/2017 5

6 Population in millions Pakistan Population Trend and Projection Three Growth Scenarios post % average annual increase Population growth rate 1.65% in 2015 declines to 0.5% in Census 2017: avg. growth rate 2.4% since Population > 205 millions /15/2017 6

7 Existing Commitments Achievable Targets? Official Criteria for Urban water Supply Population Gallons /Capita Day up to ,001-10, ,001-20, ,001-50, , , , , , , , , , , , , >800, Pakistan Cities Population cities more than one Million 50 cities more than 100,000 11/15/2017 7

Population in Millions Rural, Urban Population post census Projection 2050 420 378

103 115 128 134 142 157 172 187 202 218 233 1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020

8 Population in Millions Rural, Urban Population post census Projection Rural Population Urban Population - millions 12/14/2017 8

9 Annual Billion Cubic Meters Policy committment for Safe drinking water urban 45 and rural 136 litter day person Urban commitment - bcm Rural commitment - bcm /15/2017 9

10 Annual billion cubic meters Urban and Rural Water Requirements based on Current Uses and Official Supply Grid Urban bcm Rural bcm /14/

11 Water Story of Mega Major Cities of Pakistan Karachi Supply Source : Keenjhar lake (583 MGD) & Hub dam (100 mgd) fed from River Indus. Hub Dam 24% in 2014 (KWSB) Estimated demand (WASA) = 1040 MGD (for 20 million P) Current Supply = Committed Source =??? (1200 cusecs authorized in 1988 implemented K- III project) Tankers major supply side stakeholders Governance: cost recovery low, quality poor, users typology not exists, health issues real 12/14/

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13 Karachi Tanker Mafia and Sewerage Situation No solution in sight! 12/14/

14 Lahore (Water Supply and Drainage Water Supply No. of tube wells 316 Per capita per day 80 gallons Water production 329 MGD Water connections Population coverage Sewerage 610,000 90% Major pump Stations 2456 Cusec Lift stations 61 Sewers length 3610 Km Population coverage 80% Drainage Stations Major and tributary drains 8, 76 Carrying capacity 6474 Cusec Pumping capacity of drainage stations 563 Cusec 12/14/

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19 Water Woes of Islamabad Your text here Current Supply from CDA 55 to 85 MGD Max daily supply = 100 MGD Demand = 140 MGDs 70 out of the over 192 CDA tub ewells not functioning Individual pumps in private & CDA Sectors are in thousands 12/14/

20 Natural Riverines and Water Bodies of the Capital 12/14/

21 Rawalpindi Population (WASA Area) 1.5 Million Total Consumer 127,019 Nos. Total No. of Domestic Consumer 111,502 Nos. (85% coverage) Total No. of Commercial Consumer 13,506 Nos. Rawal & Khanpur Dams 16 MGD Tube wells 40 MGD Total Production 56 MGD Planned per capita per day 80 gallons No. of Functional Tube wells 400 Nos. Sewerage Network 35% Mini Filtration Plants 150 Nos. 12/14/

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23 Faisalabad A City with predominant Industrial Supplies Ground water is quite saline. Citizens pump some water from different scarce resources. WASA produce 88.5 MGD water: 56 MGD from Chiniot Well-Field Area on Chenab River (29 tube wells) 20 MGD through 25 tube wells installed at Jhang branch Well-Field area. 8 MGD through tube wells at Rakh Branch Canal 4.5 MGD through surface water treatment at Jhal Khanuana Water Works and Millat Town Water Works. Connections: domestic, 2348 commercials and 92 Industrial, plus 443 listed industrial connections How much water is privately pumped? Water Quality 12/14/

24 Faisalabad and Hyderabad Good Guys Hyderabad Source of water River Indus and Its Canals. Current Supply 35 gallons/cap/day Faisalabad Domestic Supply 25 gallons/cap/day major users commercial and Industrial Reported Problems in both Cities Water toxicity drinkable? Water bound deceases and health problems Population coverage? Drainage issues despite recycling plants and surface drains 12/14/

25 Water Demand drivers and Interactions An overview -- (Britt-Louise Andersson, SIWI)

24/7 supply not available in any city. Individual pumping increasing, not accounted. Current urban water supply varies in the range of 30 to 80 g/c/d.

26 24/7 supply not available in any city. Individual pumping increasing, not accounted. Current urban water supply varies in the range of 30 to 80 g/c/d. The agencies plans based on 85 gcd for mega cities Commercial & industrial diversions have significant share in the urban supply. Treatment levels very low. Aquifer depleting & water quality deterioration across the board Rivers and canals are the major source of the urban supply. About 30% to 70% of urban supply converted into drainage effluent. Partly, treated, used and managed. Even the operational costs are not recovered In addition to WASA, variety of Institutional arrangements 11/15/

1. Current non-agri water diversions are 6-8 maf, about double of the official figures (Planning Commission). 2. Planned urban and rural domestic supplies are substantial. 3.

27 1. Current non-agri water diversions are 6-8 maf, about double of the official figures (Planning Commission). 2. Planned urban and rural domestic supplies are substantial. 3. Current uses outside Agri-Sector underestimated. 4. A large socio economic development agenda on the cards. New water demand sectors emerging. 5. Water demands are generally confused with efficiency based supply estimates 6. A fundamental limitation is non- availability of water resources for urban supplies 7. Limited committed (allocated) water for the urban and 11/15/

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29 Towards Solutions A lot of actions, strategies, etc. From where to Start? 1. Ensuring Water availability with WASAs and with Users (many sub-areas) 2. Regulation the biggest task for the urban sector, but the only way to control demand, distribution efficiency and Governance 12/14/

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