Acidification Issues in Coastal Waters of the SAML Region: Responses of Organisms

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Acidification Issues in Coastal Waters of the SAML Region: Responses of Organisms"

Brianne Townsend
5 years ago
Views:

1 Acidification Issues in Coastal Waters of the SAML Region: Responses of Organisms Louis E. Burnett Grice Marine Laboratory College of Charleston Diel cycling of hypoxia and hypercapnia Possum Point, Corsica River St Mary s College, St. Mary s River Data from MD DNR s EyesOnTheBay.net Slide borrowed from M.S. Thesis Defense of Virginia Clark Univ. of Maryland. 1

2 Diel cycling of hypoxia and hypercapnia Possum Point, Corsica River St Mary s College, St. Mary s River Data from MD DNR s EyesOnTheBay.net Slide borrowed from M.S. Thesis Defense of Virginia Clark Univ. of Maryland. Additional Water Quality Data National Estuarine Research Reserve System Centralized Data Management Office (CDMO)

3 Field Measurements James Island Creek, SC Location Po (torr) 3 Aug ) Channel surface ( cm) bottom (107 cm) Grass surface ( cm) bottom (39 cm) ph Sal. Temp. Pco (torr) Total Alk Cochran & Burnett 1996 Field Measurements James Island Creek, SC Location 9% air Po saturated (torr) 3 Aug ) Channel surface ( cm) bottom (107 cm) Grass surface ( cm) bottom (39 cm) 34% air saturated ph Sal. Temp. Pco (torr) Total Alk ,553 µatm 14,10 µatm Cochran & Burnett

4 Field Measurements James Island Creek, SC Location Po (torr) 4 Aug ) Channel surface ( cm) bottom (88 cm) Grass surface ( cm) bottom (19 cm) ph Sal. Temp. Pco (torr) Total Alk Cochran & Burnett 1996 Field Measurements James Island Creek, SC Location 33% air Po saturated (torr) 4 Aug ) Channel surface ( cm) bottom (88 cm) Grass surface ( cm) bottom (19 cm) 13% air saturated ph Sal. Temp. Pco (torr) Total Alk ,840 µatm 16,710 µatm Cochran & Burnett

5 Oxygen and CO Data provided by Phil Dustan, CofC; Burnett 1997 Am. Zool. How do organisms respond to hypercapnia? Tissue ph depends upon strong ion difference presence of weak acids and bases CO Hyercapnia generates tissue and cellular acidification. 5

% Survival % Survival % Survival 5/9/014 http://score.dnr.sc.gov/ High CO 1.14 torr 0.15 kpa 1,500 µatm Mid CO 0.49 torr 0.

6 % Survival % Survival % Survival 5/9/014 High CO 1.14 torr 0.15 kpa 1,500 µatm Mid CO 0.49 torr kpa 651 µatm hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria bay scallop Argopecten irradians Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Ambient CO 0.5 torr kpa 354 µatm veliger pediveliger metamorphosed Days Talmage & Gobler 009 6

7 % Survival % Survival % Survival % Survival % Survival % Survival 5/9/014 High CO 1.14 torr 0.15 kpa 1,500 µatm hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria bay scallop Argopecten irradians Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Mid CO 0.49 torr kpa 651 µatm Ambient CO 0.5 torr kpa 354 µatm veliger pediveliger metamorphosed Days Talmage & Gobler 009 hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria bay scallop Argopecten irradians Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica High CO 1.14 torr 0.15 kpa 1,500 µatm Mid CO 0.49 torr kpa 651 µatm Ambient CO 0.5 torr kpa 354 µatm veliger pediveliger metamorphosed Days Talmage & Gobler 009 7

8 Intertidal Adult Oysters CO increases to 14 torr = 1 kpa = 0,000 µatm Dwyer & Burnett 1996 Allen & Burnett 008 Case Study-Blue Crab in 1% CO Cameron, J. N J. Comp. Physiol. 13: (University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas Marine Laboratory = Marine Science Institute) Exposed crabs to 1% CO = 7.5 torr = 1 kpa = 9,868 µatm Measured blood acid-base status with time. 8

9 HCO 3 - (mmol/l) HCO 3 - (mmol/l) 5/9/014 Pco (torr) h ph Cameron 1978 Pco (torr) h ph Cameron

10 HCO 3 - (mmol/l) 5/9/014 Pco (torr) Partial compensation! h ph Cameron 1978 Treadmill Studies Today Show, Segment 1: Today Show, Segment : 484# Other treadmill links, crabs and shrimp: dmill.php 10

11 Shrimp on a Treadmill Blue Crab Performance 11

12 Blue Crab Performance Fatigue Behaviors in Blue Crabs 0% air sat. 50% air sat. 100% air sat. Stover et al

13 Fatigue Behaviors in Blue Crabs 0% air sat. 50% air sat. 50% air sat. + % CO 100% air sat. Stover et al. 013 CO -specific Effect Pco 1.5 torr P 50 (torr) large in O affinity due to CO Pco 15 torr ph Mangum & Burnett

14 Chronic Hypoxia Responses Increase concentration of respiratory pigment. Increase oxygen affinity of respiratory pigment. Blue crabs do this (defur et al., 1990); response takes days. Increase concentration of hemocyanin. Increase hemocyanin oxygen affinity. Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 14

Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Genes to make hemocyanin are turned on within 4 hours on exposure to hypoxia. HOWEVER, exposure to hypercapnia mutes this response to hypoxia (Rathburn et al.

15 Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Genes to make hemocyanin are turned on within 4 hours on exposure to hypoxia. HOWEVER, exposure to hypercapnia mutes this response to hypoxia (Rathburn et al., 013) References Burnett, L.E The challenges of living in hypoxic and hypercapnic aquatic environments. Amer. Zool. 37: Cameron, J. N Effects of hypercapnia on blood acid-base status, NaCl fluxes, and trans-gill potential in freshwater blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus. J. Comp. Physiol. 13: Cochran, R.E. and L.E. Burnett Respiratory responses of the salt marsh animals, Fundulus heteroclitus, Leiostomus xanthurus, and Palaemonetes pugio to environmental hypoxia and hypercapnia and to the organophosphate pesticide azinphosmethyl. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 195: defur, P.L., C.P. Mangum, and J.E. Reese Respiratory responses of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus to long-term hypoxia. Biol. Bull. 178: Mangum, C.P. and L.E. Burnett The CO sensitivity of the hemocyanins and its relationship to Cl sensitivity. Biol. Bull. 171: Melzner, F. et al Physiological basis for high CO tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: preadaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? Biogeosciences 6: Rathburn, C.K. et al., 013. Transcriptomic responses of juvenile Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Physiol. Genomics 45: Stover, K.K. et al., 013. Locomotory fatigue during moderate and severe hypoxia and hypercapnia in the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Biol. Bull. 4: Talmage, S.C. and C.J. Gobler The effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the metamorphosis, size, and survival of larval hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), and Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Limnol. Oceanogr. 54:

Blue crab ecology and exploitation in a changing climate.

STAC Workshop 28 March 2017 Blue crab ecology and exploitation in a changing climate. Thomas Miller Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons, MD