AbyssBox Life under pressure. Dominique Barthelemy Head of Aquarium Océanopolis
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1 AbyssBox Life under pressure Dominique Barthelemy Head of Aquarium Océanopolis 1/ IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
2 Introduction Over the past twenty years, aquarium techniques have evolved making it possible to keep in captivity more and more delicate marine fauna But the deep-sea environment remains one of the last unexplored fields of aquariology 2 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
3 The AbyssBox project Born in 2009, the AbyssBox project was initiated by three partners : Océanopolis First permanent display of live animals collected around deep-sea hydrothermal vents and kept in tanks that recreate the pressure of their original habitat Ifremer Université Pierre et Marie Curie 3 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
4 Project difficulties Opportunities of oceanographic campaigns Deep-sea fauna collection On board sustaining of the animals Transit to Océanopolis Long term sustaining of the animals (lack of knowledge about their biology) Design of pressurized tanks to host the animals Safety and viability of the tanks Operating and equipments costs Pressure is key of this project! 4 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
5 What is pressure? Pressure is the effect of a force applied to a surface. Hydrostatic pressure at a certain depth results from the weight of the water column above A «bunch» of units : Pa, MPa, Bar, Atmosphere, pounds / inch 2, kg / cm 2 Atmospheric pressure (about 1 kg/cm 2, or 14 pounds/inch 2 ) Surface 1000 m 3800 m average depth How do organisms respond to pressure variations? 5 / IAC Cape Town, 09/ ,900 m Mariana Trench
6 Large pressure variations lead to alterations at different levels Molecules : Cell : Organism : protein complexes Larval development : abnormal cleavages lipid bilayers 6 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012 membrane fluidity intra-cellular ph cytoskeleton nucleic acid and protein synthesis behavior : Paralysis / hyperactivity / spasms / loss of coordination
7 How capturing deep-sea animals affects their chances of survival High mortality rates during and just after deep-sea collection Depending on Depth Depending on organisms Stress factors: Pressure and temperature variations handling,.. 7 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
8 From deep-sea environment to Océanopolis Pressurized tank Pressurized tank Oceanographic Ship Océanopolis The pressure conditions of the collecting site must be reproduced at the surface to restore a good physiological state 8 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
9 Target species Segonzacia mesatlantica Mirocaris fortunata 9 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
10 Collecting deep-sea fauna Ship the «Pourquoi Pas?» (Ifremer), Momarsat campaign (Ifremer / IPG) Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field (1800 m) Fauna ROV «vacuum Victor 6000 pump» Ifremer 10 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
11 Collecting deep-sea fauna Ship the «Pourquoi Pas?» (Ifremer), Momarsat campaign (Ifremer / IPG) Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field (1800 m) Pressurized Tank : IPOCAMP 11 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
12 Collecting deep-sea fauna Océanopolis, Brest Ship the «Pourquoi Pas?» (Ifremer), Momarsat campaign (Ifremer / IPG) Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field (1800 m) 12 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
13 Designing the AbyssBox Requirements : Based on research tank IPOCAMP (Pressure, Temperature and Water flow control) with the following additional features: - A large porthole - Food insertion without pressure loss - Safety features for public display and the long term sustaining of the animals 13 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
14 Pressure and Temperature control High pressure pump AbyssBox Hotspot Adjustable back pressure valve Cryothermostat 14 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
15 Characteristics of the AbyssBox Volume : 16 liters Service Pressure : from 1 to 200 bar (2000 meters) Water Flow : 10 to 12 l/h Service Temperature : 2 to 50 C Cooling / Heating : Global + Hotspot Weight : 600 kg 15 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
16 Characteristics of the AbyssBox Feeding without pressure loss Food Large porthole, similar to those of submarines (see Nautile, Alvin, Shinkaï..) Food 16 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
17 Safety Bursting discs (circuit) and pressure valves (viewport) «Human Occupied Vehicle» Porthole norm No pressurized gas PMMA pannels between the vistors and the AbyssBoxes Pressure and temperature alarm reports 17 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
18 Delivery End of October, 2011 : Delivery of two AbyssBoxes at Oceanopolis 18 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
19 Exhibit layout A container lab 19 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
20 Opening on Avril 7th, / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
21 Opening on Avril 7th, / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
22 Next step? 22 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012 Oceanographic Ship No decompression capture and ascent to the surface ( Isobaric capture ) No decompression transfer to a pressurized tank
23 Isobaric capture 22 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012 PERISCOP Isobaric capture of deep-sea fauna
24 Toward displaying deep-sea fish? PERISCOP Isobaric capture of deep sea fauna BALIST Constant pressure line Interested in joining in? / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012
25 24 / IAC Cape Town, 09/2012 Thank you for your kind attention!
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