Demons of the Deep DEMONS Br adle Timothy J. Bradley

Transcription

1 DEMONS Timthy J. Bradley

2 Cnsultants Timthy Rasski, Ph.D. Kent State University Lri Oczkus Literacy Cnsultant William B. Rice Natural Science Authr and Cnsultant Based n writg frm TIME Fr Kids. TIME Fr Kids and the TIME Fr Kids lg are registered trademarks f TIME Inc. Used under license. Publishg Credits Dna Herweck Rice, Editr--Chief Lee Auc, Creative Directr Jamey Acsta, Senir Editr Lexa Hang, Designer Stephanie Reid, Pht Editr Rane Andersn, Cntributg Authr Rachelle Cracchil, M.S.Ed., Publisher Fr teachers' spect ONL Table f Cntents The Deadly Deep The Twilight Zne The Midnight Zne The Abyssal Zne Image Credits: pp.40, 41 (middle) Alamy; p.41 (tp) The Bridgeman Art Library; pp.11 (bttm), 21 Crbis; p.39 Deep Sea Phtgraphy; pp.19 (tp), 31 Getty Images; p.41 LOC [LC-USZ ]; p.14 The Mnterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI); p.16 AFP/ Getty Images/Newscm; p.27 Newscm; p.32 dpa/picture-alliance/newscm; p.51 (tp) KRT/ Newscm; pp.24, 37, 38 Reuters/Newscm; p.53 (bttm) ZUMA Press/Newscm; pp.30, 43, 51 Nrbert Wu/Mden Pictures/Natal Gegraphic Stck; pp.6 7, 18 19, 28 29, 33, 42, 44 45, 48 49, NOAA; pp.8 9 Bruce Rasner/ Rtman/Nature Pht Library; p.12 David Shale/ Nature Pht Library; pp.11 (tp), 19 (bttm), 26 (bttm), 28 29, 52 53(middle), 56 Pht Researchers Inc.; pp.36 (illustrat), 47(bttm) ThkStck; p.48 Kmusser/Wikimedia; p.10 (bttm) Carl Chun/Wikipedia; pp.22 23, 34 35, 39 (illustrat), (illustrats), 55, 55 (illustrats) Timthy J. Bradley; All ther images frm Shutterstck. Teacher Created Materials 5301 Oceanus Drive Huntgtn Beach, CA ISBN Teacher Created Materials, Inc. 2 Hadal Zne Life the Abyss Glssary Index Bibligraphy Mre t Explre Abut the Authr

3 Deep uit up and jump, but be warned danger awaits! Predatrs lurk these icy, dark waters, waitg t catch a tasty mrsel. And the deeper dwn yu g, the harder it is t see them. Sunlight can t reach these chilly depths. N sunlight means there is n plant life. These sea creatures must fd ther thgs t eat. Adaptats help these demns f the deep thrive harsh cndits. They may lk strange t us, but fr them, it s the nly way t survive. In the deadly deep, it s sk r swim. ea ti F sp The Deadly S eepest s explre the d an m u h ld u Ë Why sh a? layers f the se nt eatures cnfr cr a se d rs ge? Ë What dan rs f the cean the deepest laye rvive? ns help them su ti ta ap ad f Ë What types 4 5

4 Twilight Zne E arth s ceans cver 71 percent f the planet, but nly a small prt f these waters has been explred. Mst f what we knw abut the ceans cmes frm studyg areas clser t the surface. That cludes parts f the twilight zne. It begs 660 feet belw the surface. The water is as dim as the eveng sky when the sun sets. At this depth, there is nt enugh light fr phtsynthesis, makg plants scarce. Fd is difficult t fd. Special adaptats help fish hunt at this level. Sme animals swim up t the surface t feed at night. Others wait fr fd t fall dwn frm abve. And sme eat each ther. barrel jellyfish et the Zne Twilight 600 3,000 feet The scientific name fr this part f the cean is the me spelagic (MEZ-uh-puh-LAJ-ik) zne. 6 fi ea ti F sp The l mane jellyfish Midnight Abyssal Hadal Life the Dark The deep sea is ne f the mst hstile places t live n Earth. But it is hme t an amazg array f life. Scientists have fund mre than 16,000 species that live the depths f the cean. These creatures live their entire lives withut seeg light frm the sun. 7

5 At nearly 1,500 punds, megamuths are sme f the largest sharks the cean, but they eat sme f the smallest rganisms. They take large gulps f water and push them thrugh their gill slits. Ty rganisms such as planktn are caught by gill rakers. They filter the fd s it can be swallwed. That is why they are knwn as filter feeders. The fur-ft-wide muth is surrunded by light-prducg phtphres. This light attracts planktn. Scientists thk megamuth sharks spend their days deep water, frm 400 t 660 feet deep. At night, they migrate clser t the surface t eat planktn. ea ti F sp Megamuth Shark All u Can Eat eat fd surce Planktn is a gr the is s much f it because there tures, ea cr y e up f t cean. It is mad. rs are huge but their numbe planktn magnified nearly 100 times its natural size fi megamuth shark Filter Feeders Many creatures survive by filter feedg. Several types f whales are filter feeders. Manta rays are filter feeders, t. Nt all filter feeders live water, thugh. The flamg, a large bird, is als a filter feeder. The megamuth is very rare. Fe wer than 50 have be en fund. 8 9