Fisheries Policy Maker s Future Perspective to a Sustainable Society Adapting Climate Changes

Transcription

1 Fisheries Policy Maker s Future Perspective to a Sustainable Society Adapting Climate Changes Takanori OHASHI Deputy Director Fisheries Policy Planning Div. Fisheries Agency of Japan

2 Outline Overview of the state of fisheries & aquaculture in Japan Observed and predicted effects of climate change around Japan Recent actions for mitigating negative impacts of climate change Future perspective toward a sustainable society 1

3 Overview of the state of fisheries & aquaculture in Japan 2

4 Various kinds of fishery products available in Japan s surrounding waters [Fish species with the largest catch quantities (2006)] 1. Mackerel 650,000 tons 2. Japanese anchovy 420,000 tons 3. Skipjack 330,000 tons 4. Scallop 270,000 tons 5. Saury 240,000 tons (Total production 5,740,000 tons) Wakkanai (Atka mackerel) Otaru (Atka mackerel) Scallop Rausu (Salmon) Nemuro (Saury, Codfish) Kushiro (Codfish, Saury) Hachinohe (Japanese common squid, Neon flying squid) Sakai (Red snow crab, Mackerel, Japanese horse mackerel) Himi (Yellowtail) Sandfish Sweet fish Miyako (Saury) Kesennuma (Skipjack, Marlin) Onagawa (Saury) Brown seaweed Ishinomaki (Skipjack, Japanese common squid, Japanese chub mackerel) Soma Haragama (Righteye flounders) Spotted mackerel Shimonoseki (Swellfish) Crucian carp Hasaki (Japanese anchovy) Choshi (Japanese anchovy, Spotlined sardine, Chub mackerel) Karatsu (Jack mackerel) Matsuura (Mackerel, Jack mackerel) Oyster Short-necked clam Red sea-bream Yaizu (Skipjack, Tuna) Kuruma shrimp Katsuura (Tunas) Makurazaki (Skipjack) Mackerel Sources: Annual Fishery Product Distribution Statistics and Annual Statistics of Fishery and Aquaculture Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 3

5 Changes in Production Volumes and Production Values by Fishery Category 1,800 Production volumes (In million tons) Production volumes (excludes that for true sardines and distant water fisheries) Peak production value: 7.02 million tons (1978) Production values hit a peak in 1984 with millions tons. 1,200 Production volumes (excludes that for true sardines) Peak production value: million tons (1973) Production volumes for coastal fisheries and offshore fisheries (excludes that for true sardines) Peak production value: 5.87 million tons (1978) Distant water fisheries Imports Past numerical production values for 2008 (5.59 million tons) 600 Offshore fisheries True Sardines Coastal fisheries Mariculture Inland water fisheries and aquaculture

6 Fish Stock Status around Japan (2008) High level 14 stocks Medium level 28 stocks Low level 42 stocks Main species or High Medium Low stocks Saury, Southern mackerel Horse mackerel, Japanese common squid Japanese mackerel, sardine, Walley pollack 5

7 Decline in the numbers of and aging of fishery workers are in progress (27.0) (34.9) (33.8) (34.5) (35.7) (15.4) (36.4) (37.4) (12.3) (12.1) (12.3) (11.2) (10.5) (41.4) (10.5) (38.4) (38.3) (37.9) (38.6) (38.4) (37.9) (13.4) (12.0) (12.6) (12.5) (11.8) (12.0) (11.5) (2.8) (2.4) (3.3) (2.8) (2.7) (2.7) (2.7) Females Aged 65 or above Aged 60 to 64 Aged 40 to 59 Aged 25 to 39 Aged 15 to 24 6

8 Observed and predicted effects of climate change around Japan 7

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11 Rocky-shore denudation! 10

12 Coral reef bleaching! Coral reef bleeching in Ishigaki shore-reefs, southern part of Japan, July 2007 No bleached Slightly bleached Heavily bleached Dead Bleaching coral reef in August 2007, Dead coral reef in December

13 Change of distribution/migration pattern 青森 Japanese Spanish Mackerel サワラがたくさんとれる海域 対馬暖流 石川 福井京都 岩手 サワラがとれるようになった海域 長崎 12

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16 High Tide Absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by underwater plant bed Offshore O2 CO2 Low tide y Stabilization of sea-bottom mud Abundant benthic biota Spawning ground Fry rearing ground 15

17 Recent actions for mitigating negative impacts of climate change Reduction of Co2 emission through energysaving technology & operation Increase the robustness through improvement of productivity 16

18 477 万 12.8% 565 万 15.2% 農林業で発生する CO2 水産業で発生する CO2 家畜消化管内発酵による CH4 7 万 0.2% 7 万 0.2% 233 万 6.3% 605 万 16.3% 2008 年度排出量 3,723 万 t-co 2 ( 確定値 ) (100%) 561 万 15.1% 694 万 18.7% 574 万 15.4% 稲作に伴うCH4 家畜排泄物管理に伴うCH4 野焼きに伴うCH4 野焼きに伴うN2O 農地土壌からのN2O 家畜排泄物管理に伴うN2O 17

19 boa LED lights for luring fish, Reinforced & lightened fishing net, Small fishing boat equipped with a hybrid electric engine etc. t equipped with a hybrid electric Specific engine measure etc. ghtened undertaken fishing net, for Small reducing fishing boat Co2 equippe emission Introduction of energy-saving technology LED lights for luring fish, Reinforced & lightened fishing net, Small fishing boat equipped with a hybrid electric engine etc. d with a hybrid electric engine etc. Shift to energy-saving operation A rotation to reduce fishing capacity while keeping every incumbent in business Ex. 4 group operation 3group operation while one group involving in cultivation of fishing ground (Saga Prefecture) Shell smashed into pieces and scattered into the sea

20 Fishing Capacity Reduction Improve working and living environments Installation of equipment for new production conserving manpower by introduction of a new fishing net handling machines Conventional fleet (4 fishing boats, 52 people on board Streamlined fleet (2 fishing boats, 33 people on board ) fish catching and fish carrier vessel Fish carrier and scout vessel 19

21 Improving productivity in tidelands Tilling of tidelands Extermination of pests such as starfish and bladder moon shells 20

22 Transform rocky-shore denudation into an undersea jungle The shore of Tomarihama, Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi July 1982 The shore of Rausu, Hokkaido Early 1990s July 2007 Around

23 Future Perspective Reducing uncertainty and building adaptive capacity to a wide range of unpredictable effect Creating a new fishery governance? 22

24 Research and Development of Technology for Climate Change Wild fish Ocean current Sedantary species Develop a modelling to predict the impact on marine ecosystem Cultured species Develop an ocean early warning system Under-water plant/ tideland Sea temperature Experiment relating to nutrient Detect harmful algae bloom Monitor the impact on living aquatic species on a real time basis 早

25 Develop temperature tolerant cultured species Evaluate the species adapting climate change Resistance against high water temperatures

26 Storing Co2 in the Under-water Plants Possibility of a source of storing Co2 Photosynthesis Perhaps carbon balance within 1~2 yrs is zero(plus /minus zero) Absorption of Co2 Supply of Co2 Withered, died and decomposed within 1~2yrs But Some of these may be transferred to the bottom of the sea. Carbon might be stored in the form of Refractory Organic Carbon, at the bottom of the sea. Refractory Organic Carbon? Clarification of a mechanism on carbon balance. Quantitative assessment of Refractory Organic Carbon originated from under-water plants, if identified. 25 i

27 A new fishery governance or good fishery governance? Implementing the ecosystem approach to the fisheries (EAF) Increasing fish stocks Participatory approach Learning lessons from traditional knowledge or practice 26

28 Eco Labels: linking producers and consumers to pursue sustainable fisheries 8,000 Catch (in tons) 6,000 Snow crab catch in the Sea of Japan Efforts launched in each prefecture to recover snow crab stocks 4,000 2,

29 Increasing fish stock? Pacific mackerel stocks expected to recover Adult fish Juvenile Juvenile s share 28

30 Body Length(cm) Body weight (g) The less juvenile we catch, the more adult fish we have. Body Length Body weight Age Spawning Stock Biomass (thousand T) Frec Frec1 Frec2 Fmed 29

31 Promotion of participatory approach for the preservation of marine environment Tokyo Bay Eelgrass Recovery Program, organized by several NPOs アマモの花枝採集の様子 アオリイカの卵 30

32 Fishery Products imported from all over the world Others 27% China 6% Korea 8% Tuna Taiwan 15% Japan 43% Russia 6% Norway 6% Chile 39% Others 7% Salmon / Trout Japan 41% Others Vietnam 14% 4% Thailand 6% Squid China 10% Japan 65% Others 46% Japan 5% Vietnam 20% Shrimp Thailand 12% Indonesia 18% Korea 4% Others 7% The Netherlands 8% Horse mackerel Japan 81% 31

33 Let s Eat fish in season! 32

34 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ( 可食部 100g あたり (mg)) (per 100g of edible part (unit: mg)) Bluefin クロマグロ tuna ((fatty 脂身 ) meat) サンマ ( 生 ) Saury (raw) ,200 1,700 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (per 100g of edible ( 可食部あたり (mg)) part (unit: mg)) クロマグロ ( 脂身 ) Bluefin tuna (fatty meat) True sardine (raw) マイワシ ( 生 ) ,400 1,200 True sardine (raw) マイワシ ( 生 ) 1,300 サンマ ( 生 ) Saury (raw) 890 Eel (cultured, raw) ウナギ ( 養殖 生 ) 1,100 Eel (cultured, raw) ウナギ ( 養殖 生 ) 580 Bonito カツオ (caught ( 秋獲り in ) autumn) 和牛 かたロース脂身つき Wagyu beef, chuck with fatty meat Chub mackerel マサバ ( 生 ) (raw) Wagyu beef, chuck with 和牛 かたロース脂身つき fatty meat

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36 ~Let s go to Shimonoseki-City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan! ~ Fish-mileage Local production for local consumption Reduction of CO2 35