OVERVIEW OF FISH PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION, CONSUMPTION AND TRADE

Transcription

1 FISHERY INFORMATION, DATA AND STATISTICS UNIT OVERVIEW OF FISH PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION, CONSUMPTION AND TRADE BASED ON 21 DATA by STEFANIA VANNUCCINI Fishery Statistician (Commodities) FAO, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit May 23 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 1 Rome, Italy

2 2 In 21, total fishery production (excl. aquatic plants) was reported to be 13.2 million tonnes, of which 37.9 million tonnes from aquaculture practices. World capture fisheries production decreased from 95.4 million tonnes in 2 to 92.4 million tonnes in 21. Major fluctuations in capture production in recent years were mainly due to variations in catches of Peruvian anchoveta which are environmentally driven (i.e. El Niño). In fact, global capture production excluding anchoveta has remained fairly stable since In 21, according to reported statistics, China was the leading producing country with 16.5 million tonnes, representing a decrease of 2.7% compared to 2. China was followed by Peru (8. million tonnes), the USA (4.9 million tonnes), Japan (4.7 million tonnes) and Indonesia (4.2 million tonnes). Aquaculture production, excluding aquatic plants, reached 37.9 million tonnes by weight (US$ 55.7 billion by value) in 21, from 35.5 million tonnes (US$ 52.1 billion) in 2. Aquaculture production reported by China -the largest producer- in 21 showed a 6.% increase by volume and a 8.8% growth by value compared with 2, reaching 26.1 million tonnes (US$ 26.2 billion). For world excluding China, aquaculture production was 11.8 million tonnes (US$ 29.4 billion) in 21, representing an 8.2% growth in volume and a 5.% increase in value compared with 2. Other major producing countries in 21 were: India (2.2 million tonnes), Indonesia (864 tonnes), Japan (82 tonnes) and Thailand (724 tonnes). In addition, world fisheries produced 11.9 million tonnes of seaweeds (wet weight), the bulk of which (89.1%) originating from culture-based practices. World aquaculture production of aquatic plants increased slightly from 1.2 million tonnes (US$ 5.7 billion) in 2 to 1.6 million tonnes (US$ 5.8 billion) in 21. Chinese production of aquatic plants reached 8.2 million tonnes (US$ 4.1 billion), representing 77.3% of the total volume and 7.7% of the total value of world aquaculture production of aquatic plants. It is estimated that in 21, about 31 million tonnes of world fishery production were used for reduction to meal and other non-food purposes, virtually all from capture fisheries. If China is excluded, nearly 65. million tonnes (or 74.2%) of the 87.6 million tonnes of fish produced were used for direct human consumption and 22.6 million for various non-food uses. In 21, world excluding China per caput fish supply was estimated at 13.3 kg and at 25.6 kg for China. Indicatively, world excluding China per capita supply from inland and marine capture fisheries was 1.9 kg and that from aquaculture was 2.4 kg. The respective figures for China are 6.3 kg and 2.6 kg. About 38% (live weight equivalent) of world fish production entered international trade in 21. The 86 Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) accounted for 19% of total exports in value terms. Developing countries, as a whole, supplied slightly more than 5%. The net receipts of foreign exchange for fishery commodities by developing countries (i.e. deducting their imports from the total value of their exports) increased from US$ 4. billion in 1981 to US$ 17.7 billion in 21. This amount was greater than the net exports of other agricultural commodities such as rice, cocoa, tobacco, and tea. In 21, more than 8% of the total world import value was concentrated in the developed countries, in particular in Japan, the USA and in several EU countries. Japan was again the major importer accounting for about 23% of total import value, despite the 13% decline from the previous year. The USA was the second main importer, with a share of 17%, and the fourth main exporter. The USA was followed by Spain, France, Italy, Germany and the UK. Total EU imports (including intra-eu trade) represented 34% of world import value.

3 3 Excluding aquatic plants, in 21 Thailand remained the major exporter, followed closely by China that experienced an 11% increase in its export value compared to 2. It is interesting to note that the relative importance of trade in fishery products is different for these two countries. In 21, Thailand's fishery exports accounted for 35.3% of its agricultural exports (excl. forestry products) and for 6.4% of its total merchandise trade; while for China these shares were of 25.6% and 1.5%, respectively. In net terms, Thailand earned US$ 3 2 million from its trade in fishery products, while China earned US$ million in 21. For additional information on this subject see table A6 in the FAO Yearbook: Fishery statistics Commodities. Shrimp continue to be the main fish commodity traded in value terms, accounting for about 19% of the total value of internationally traded fishery products. Other main groups of species exported are groundfish, tuna and salmon, as shown by the graph at page 18. Fish meal represented 3.6% of the value of exports and fish oil less than 1%. Exports of developing countries consisted mainly of tuna, small pelagics, shrimp and prawns, lobsters, cephalopods, fish meal and fish oil. Trade of developing countries is gradually evolving from exports of raw material for the processing industry of developed countries to value-added products. In 21, total exports of fish and fishery products were US$ 55.9 billions in value terms (f.o.b.: free on board), 1.1% more compared to 2. On the contrary, total imports of fish and fishery products were US$ 59.4 billions (c.i.f.: cost, insurance, freight), slightly less (-1%) compared to 2. A part from the use of a different basis of evaluation (export values are generally f.o.b. while import values are usually c.i.f.), this inconsistency is due to other several factors, as the time lapse between the dispatch of goods by the exporting country and their entry into the importing country; difference in statistical methods adopted, for example, in the case of triangular trade 1 or the fact that some countries supply trade data on general trade, while others provide data on special trade 2. Furthermore, the method used by FIDI for estimating trade of non-reporting countries (mirror data) may underestimate intraregional trade. Another main reason relies on the different quality/reliability of the data FIDI receives. National fishery statistics of many countries are problematic, in terms of data quality, due to an incomplete coverage of the various collection components, lack of consistency over time and lack of accuracy. In terms of fish trade, import statistics are often considered to be of better quality since more than 8% of the world s import value is provided by countries with comprehensive and timely statistical systems. The source of all data reported is FAO FIDI. Data on capture, aquaculture and trade are available at: US.asp as downloadable databases, together with a retrieval and analytical software. Questions or comments should be sent to: The Senior Fishery Statistician Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 1 Rome, Italy Fax: FIDI-Inquiries@fao.org 1 Triangular trade exists where a company in State A sells goods to a company in State B, which in turns sells it to a company in State C, although the goods are physically moved only once from A to C. In cases such as this, trade statistics should record a dispatch from A to C and an arrival in C of goods from A. There is, however, considerable risk that A or C will regard State B as its trading partner. 2 The difference between general and special trade lies mainly in the treatment of recording the movement of goods through customs-bounded storage areas (warehouses, free areas, etc.).

4 4 World capture fisheries production Million tonnes 12 8 China 4 World exc luding China Note: Data exclude aquatic plants. World aquaculture production million tonnes China 1 World excluding China Note: Data exclude aquatic plants

5 5 World capture fisheries production in marine and inland fishing areas Marine fishing areas Inland fishing areas Million tonnes 9 Million tonnes 8 6 World excluding China 6 World excluding China China China Note: Data exclude aquatic plants. World aquaculture production in marine and inland fishing areas Marine fishing areas Inland fishing areas Million tonnes 16 Million tonnes China 8 China 4 4 World excluding China World excluding China Note: Data exclude aquatic plants.

6 6 Capture fishery production (excl. aquatic plants) Top 2 producer countries in 21 compared to 2, in tonnes Marine fishing areas Inland fishing areas Country 2 21 % Country 2 21 % China China Peru India USA Bangladesh Japan Cambodia Indonesia Indonesia Chile Egypt Russian Fed Tanzania, Un. Rep India Myanmar Norway Uganda Thailand Thailand Korea Rep Russian Fed Iceland Congo, Dem. Rep Philippines Brazil Denmark Pakistan Viet Nam Viet Nam Mexico Kenya Malaysia Nigeria Morocco Philippines Spain Mali Canada Mexico Sub-total Sub-total Share of Sub-total/ World 79.3% 78.3% Share of Sub-total/ World 83.1% 84.% World total World total World capture fisheries production by selected fishing areas and top 12 species in 21 Fishing areas Top species Pacific, Northwest Pacific, Southeast Atlantic, Northeast Pacific, Western Central Asia - Inland waters Indian Ocean, Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Atlantic, Eastern Central Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, Southwest Others Anchoveta Alaska pollock Chilean jack mackerel Atlantic herring Japanese anchovy Skipjack tuna Blue whiting Chub mackerel Capelin Largehead hairtail Yellowfin tuna European pilchard Million tonnes Million tonnes Note: Species listed are those with a production volume of more than 1 million tonnes.

7 7 Aquaculture fishery production (excl. aquatic plants) Top 2 producer countries in 21 compared to 2, in tonnes Marine fishing areas Inland fishing areas Country 2 21 % Country 2 21 % China China Japan India Chile Indonesia Norway Bangladesh Thailand Viet Nam Korea Rep Philippines Spain USA France Egypt Italy Thailand UK Taiwan Prov. of China Indonesia Brazil Canada Myanmar USA Russian Fed Malaysia Japan India France Viet Nam Iran (Islamic Rep. of) Taiwan Prov. of China Colombia Greece Cuba Philippines Lao People's Dem. Rep New Zealand Italy Sub-total Sub-total Share of Sub-total/ World 95.3% 95.5% Share of Sub-total/ World 97.2% 97.3% TOTAL TOTAL World aquaculture production by environment and top species in 21 (incl. aquatic plants) Environment Top species Japanese kelp Mariculture Pacific cupped oyster Grass carp Silver carp Common carp Freshwater culture Japanese carpet shell Bighead carp Crucian carp Yesso scallop Brackishwater culture Laver (Nori) Nile tilapia Atlantic salmon Million tonnes Million tonnes Note: Species listed are those with a production volume of more than 1 million tonnes.

8 8 World (excluding China) fish utilization and supply 8 Fish utilization (Million tonnes) Population (billions) and Food supply (kg/capita) Food 4 8. Non-food uses 2 4. Population (Billions) Food supply (Kg/capita) Fish utilization and supply in China Fish utilization (Million tonnes) and food supply (kg/capita) Population (billions) 4 2. Food Non-food uses Population (billions) Food supply (Kg/capita) Note: for statistical purposes, data for China do not include Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region

9 9 World (excluding China) per caput fish supply kg16 From Capture production From Aquaculture production Per caput fish supply in China kg 25 From Capture production 2 From Aquaculture production

10 1 Utilization of world fisheries production Million tonnes (live weight) Non-food purposes Canning Curing Freezing Marketing as fresh produce Share of world fishery production destined for exports Million tonnes (live weight) 15 Production Exports 12 1% 8% 9 6% Domestic markets 6 4% 3 2% Exports %

11 11 Top 2 importers and exporters of fishery commodities in 21 compared to 2 (US$ 1 ) Imports Exports 2 21 % 2 21 % Japan Thailand USA China Spain Norway France USA Italy Canada Germany Denmark UK Chile China Spain China, Hong Kong SAR Taiwan Province of China Denmark Viet Nam Korea Rep Indonesia Canada Russian Fed Netherlands Netherlands Thailand UK Belgium Iceland Portugal India Sweden Korea Rep Norway Peru Taiwan Province of China Germany Australia France Sub-total Sub-total Share of Sub-total/ World 89.6% 88.8% Share of Sub-total/ World 71.8% 72.% World World Imports and exports of fishery commodities by continent and economic grouping 21 compared to 2 (US$ 1 ) Imports Exports 2 21 % 2 21 % WORLD WORLD Africa Africa Asia Asia America, North/Central America, North/Central America, South America, South Europe Europe Oceania Oceania Industrial countries Industrial countries Economies in transition Economies in transition LIFDCs LIFDCs Other developing count Other developing count

12 12 World trade of fishery commodities by economic regions, in value Exports North America developed European Union Western Europe, others Oceania developed Other developed Eastern Europe Former USSR area Northwestern Africa Western Africa Eastern Africa Central Africa Southern Africa Near-East (Africa) Near-East (Asia) Southern Asia East and Southeast Asia China North America developing Central America Caribbean South America Oceania developing Imports North America developed European Union Western Europe, others Oceania developed Other developed Eastern Europe Former USSR area Northwestern Africa Western Africa Eastern Africa Central Africa Southern Africa Near-East (Africa) Near-East (Asia) Southern Asia East and Southeast Asia China North America developing Central America Caribbean South America Oceania developing US$ billions

13 13 World exports of fishery commodities by main markets, in value % 22% Developing countries 8% 2% 46% 6% 1% 5% EU Japan USA Others 22% 21% World imports of fishery commodities by main markets, in value % 5% 14% 17% 8% 18% Developing countries EU Japan USA 28% 39% 23% 34% Others

14 14 World trade of fishery commodities by developed/developing countries, in value US$ billions Exports Imports Developed countries or areas Developing countries or areas

15 15 World exports of food/non-food fishery commodities by developed/developing countries, in value Non food uses US$ billions For human consumption Developed countries or areas Developing countries or areas

16 16 Net-exports of fish and selected agricultural commodities by developing countries US$ billions Fish Coffee Bananas Rubber Cocoa Sugar Tea Tobacco Rice Meat

17 17 Import and exports values of fish products for different regions, indicating the net deficit or surplus US$ billions Asia excluding China Europe Deficit 2 Deficit Canada and United States 12 Latin America and the Caribbean Deficit Surplus Africa China Surplus 2 Surplus Oceania Surplus Export value (f.o.b.) Import value (c.i.f.)

18 18 World exports of fishery commodities in 21, in value Fish for ornamental Freshwater fish purposes 1.3%.3% Others Other diadromous Salmon 16.9% 3.% 7.8% Fish oil Flatfish Cods, hakes,.6% 2.1% Fishmeal haddocks 3.6% 1.% Coastal fishes Other crustaceans 1.1% 7.2% Other demersal fishes Tuna 1.3% Shrimp 8.8% Other pelagics 18.8% 6.6% Other molluscs 5.3% Sharks, rays, Cephalopods chimaeras 4.5%.6% NOTE: Freshwater fish: carps, tilapias, nile perch, etc. Other diadromous: salmonoids, trouts, smelts, river eels, sturgeons, shads, etc. Flatfish: flounders, halibuts, soles, turbots, dab, etc. Cods, hakes, haddocks: cods, hakes, haddocks, saithe, pollack, whitings, grenadiers, etc. Coastal fishes: seabreams, seabasses, mullets, groupers, snappers, croakers, drums, etc. Other demersal fishes: congers, orange roughy, hairtails, redfishes, gurnards, anglerfishes, etc. Tuna: skipjack, bluefins, albacore, yellowfin, bigeye, tuna nei Other pelagics: bonitos, swordfish, marlins, mackerels, capelin, herrings, sardines, anchovies, sprat, etc. Cephalopods: squids, cuttlefishes, octopuses Other molluscs: abalones, oysters, mussels, scallops, pectens, clams, cockles, arkshells, etc.