Autographa gamma (L.) Silver Y Moth

Transcription

1 Autogrph gmm (L.) Silver Y Moth IDENTIFICATION AID This ientifition i illustrtes the genitli of the Silver Y Moth s well s the most ommon non-trget speies ught in trps with the pheromone for Autogrph gmm. It omplements the previously proue sreening n ignosti is, n is irete to those eite to speies ientifition. It is primrily n extension of the work y S. Psso (2006) title, Simplifie sreening i for Autogrph gmm in APHIS stiky trps. This resoure ws proue y Juliet Brmil (USDA/APHIS/PPQ) for CAPS (Coopertive Agriulture Pest Survey progrm). Speil ppreition is irete to Steve Psso (USDA/APHIS/PPQ) for guine; to Mihel Pogue (USDA/ARS) for the reful review; to Chris Looney from the Wshington Stte Deprtment of Agriulture for proviing speimens of A. liforni n genitli photogrphs of severl speies; Jim Vrgo for his ourtesy shring of photogrphs of pinne speimens; Srhlynne Guerrero (USDA/APHIS/PPQ) for the issetion of mny speimens; Don Kithen (Wshington Stte Dept. Agri.) for proviing photogrphs of A. liforni genitli; Lyle Buss (University of Flori, Entomology n Nemtology Dept.) for photogrphs of pinne Trihoplusi ni n Spoopter frugiper; Chrlie Covell from the MGuire Center for Lepiopter n Bioiversity, in Ginesville, Flori, for the lon of A. gmm speimens; Dr. Jmes Hyen from the Flori Dept. of Agriulture n Consumer Servies, Division of Plnt Inustry, for the lon of Autogrph pseuogmm speimens; n Beverly Pope (Flori Dept. of Agriulture n Consumer Servies, Division of Plnt Inustry) for lirry support. Primry referenes: Lfontine, J. D. n R. W. Poole The moths of Ameri north of Mexio (MONA), Notuoie, Notuie (Prt), Plusiine. Fsile 25.1, 182 p. Psso, S Simplifie sreening i for Autogrph gmm in APHIS stiky trps. Whittle, K Pests not known to our in the Unite Sttes or of limite istriution (PNKTO), numer 75: Silver Y Moth. 16 p. April 2011

2 Autogrph gmm (L.) The Silver Y Moth The silver Y moth, Autogrph gmm (Linneus), elongs in the fmily Notuie ( utworms ), sufmily Plusiine. Autogrph gmm moths re vrile in size n olortion, rnging from 40 to 48 mm in wingspn, with forewing length out 20 mm, mrle rown, gry-rown, or osionlly yellow-rown or lk. They ten to e smller n gryer in the spring genertion, while they ten to e lrger n rowner in the summer. At the enter of the forewing is silver or slightly golen Y- or Gmm-shpe mrking (), lso lle the stigm. The reniform spot () is olique, onstrite in the mile, with shiny orer. The hinwings re light rown with wie rk rown mrgin (), n with the veins overe with rown sles. It is most similr in pperne to Autogrph liforni n Rhiplusi ou, ut the ltter two re rk gry n hve well efine lk strek from the suterminl line to the postmeil line, whih is present () ut iffuse in A. gmm. stigm Imges y Juliet Brmil Autogrph gmm is very similr to severl North Amerin speies in the sufmily Plusiine (Notuie), some of whih re ttrte to the sme lure. The wing olor of A. gmm is not istintive. Therefore, for finl ientifition, it is neessry to isset n exmine ult mle genitli.

3 Autogrph gmm (L.) The Silver Y Moth The genitli of Autogrph gmm (L.) re hrterize y vlves elongte n le-like in shpe, ngle n roer pilly () thn t se, without oron ut with few lrge sete (), n with finger-like elongte lsper () in the enter t out 2/3 the length of the vlve. The lvus () is roune pilly n hs few short sete t the pex. The juxt (e) hs thin, lue proess. The unus is elongte, urve, slightly swollen ner the pex, n hs urve tooth pilly (f). The sus is elongte, V-shpe (g). The genitli of A. gmm (the trget) is most similr to the genitli of A. liforni, western speies strongly ttrte to the lure for A. gmm, n hene ommonly ught speies. However, in southern n estern Unite Sttes, other non-trget speies re ught whih my e similr in wing olortion ut whih strongly iffer in the vrious genitli hrters, s presente in this Ientifition Ai. Imge y Chris Looney, moifie g e f

4 Autogrph gmm (L.) The Silver Y Moth The eegus of Autogrph gmm is ulous t se (). The vesi is out 1.5 times the length of the eegus, with out one-hlf rottion oil. The vesi hs two spines (lle ornuti), n elongte pil ornutus () surroune y fiel of pointe grnules (spiules) () n short, strongly urve, sl ornutus (). The presene of the sl urve spine n the fiel of spiules, whih n e seen through the wll of the eegus, istinguish A. gmm lerly from other Autogrph speies s well from other plusiine speies. Aeegus Imge y Chris Looney, moifie

5 Autogrph liforni (Speyer) The Alflf Looper Moth stigm Imge y J. Brmil Imge y Jim Vrgo Autogrph liforni (Speyer) is most losely relte to A. gmm n is ommonly foun in A. gmm trps in western U.S. It is istinguishe from A. pseuogmm, ntive speies, y lk strek () towr the pex of the forewing. These three speies look very similr to eh other, espeilly in the fish-hook shpe silver stigm. Dissetion of genitli is essentil for their orret ientifition, ut eversion of the vesi is not require. By olortion, they n e onfuse with Rhiplusi ou, ut the ltter hs spines on the tiie, whih re not present in Autogrph speies. The most importnt hrters tht istinguish A. liforni from A. gmm re on the vesi. The pil ornutus () on the vesi of A. liforni is urve n hs ro flnge (); sl ornutus is sent; n pointe grnules ner the pil ornutus re not present (see the ltter two hrters in the eegus photogrph of A. gmm). Imges y Don Kithen, moifie Aeegus

6 Autogrph pseuogmm (Grote) The Flse Silver Y Moth stigm Imge y J. Brmil Imge y Jim Vrgo Autogrph pseuogmm (Grote) is ntive speies not ommonly foun in trps with A. gmm pheromones. It is very similr in wing olor pttern to oth A. gmm n nother ntive speies, A. liforni, from whih it n e istinguishe primrily y genitli hrters. Dissetion of genitli is essentil for its orret ientifition ut eversion of the vesi is not essentil. Autogrph pseuogmm is hrterize y hving single ornutus on the vesi, while A. gmm hs two ornuti. The ornutus () in A. pseuogmm is stright while in A. liforni the ornutus is urve. A sl ornutus is sent n fiel of pointe grnules ner the pil ornutus is lso sent, hrters present in A. gmm n whih istinguish it from ll other Autogrph speies. Imges y J. Brmil Aeegus

7 Autogrph mpl (Wlker) The Lrge Looper Moth Imge y Jim Vrgo Autogrph mpl (Wlker) is osionlly ught in A. gmm survey trps in northern or western U.S. The forewing olortion is ignosti of this speies () n issetion is only neessry in mge speimens. The mle genitli of A. mpl is very similr to tht of A. gmm, lthough severl hrters istinguish them. In Autogrph mpl the outer mrgin of the vlve hs prominent sete () n the vesi hs single slener ornutus () with proue se, lking the urve, sl ornutus hrteristi of A. gmm. Aeegus Imges y Chris Looney, moifie

8 Chrysoeixis inluens (Wlker) Soyen Looper Moth stigm Imge y J. Brmil Imge y Jim Vrgo One of the plusiine moths tht is most ommonly ollete uring A. gmm surveys, espeilly in the estern U.S., is Chrysoeixis inluens (Wlker). The silver mrking (stigm) () in the forewing is vrile, sometimes ivie in two. The genitli of C. inluens re unique n useful for its ientifition. The est hrters re the extremely long n pointe sus (), the extremely long n thin lsper (); n the ostl projetion (vrile in shpe) ner the se () of the vlve. The eegus is ulous t the se n the vesi hs proximl hooke ornutus. Imges y Juliet Brmil Vlve Aeegus

9 Rhiplusi ou (Guenée) The Gry Looper Moth Imge y Jim Vrgo stigm Imge y Juliet Brmil In the southern sttes, Rhiplusi ou (Guenée) is esy to onfuse with A. liforni s its size n forewing olortion is similr, espeilly when in poor onition. The shpe of the silver stigm is vrile (). It is the only plusiine, other thn Syngrph igne, with spines on the tii on ll three pirs of legs. The genitli re very ifferent n esy to istinguish. The vlves re trunte (), lk lspers, n hve very long lvus (). The shpe of the sus is enough for n ientifition s it hs two lterl flnges, the pex ppering ifurte (). The eegus is ulous t the se (e) n the vesi hs two pthes of ornuti (f). Aeegus e Vlve Sus Imges y Juliet Brmil f

10 Angrph flifer (Kiry) The Celery Looper Moth Imges y Juliet Brmil Imge y Jim Vrgo stigm Imge y Juliet Brmil Unus f Angrph flifer (Kiry) is regulrly ught in A. gmm survey trps, lthough not in high numers. It n e reognize without issetion y its istintive forewing olortion, prtiulrly y the form of the stigm (long, unroken, n ppering long-tile) (). The genitli re notle y the twiste S-shpe lspers () n y vrious spets of the vlves, inluing the trunte pex (), orsl mrgin thikly lothe with sete (), n ventrl mrgin with row of stout spine-like sete (e) ner the pex. The sus (f) is short n roune t pex. The eegus hs two slerotize ns (g). The vesi hs groove pil ornutus (h). Aeegus Vlve h g e

11 Ctenoplusi oxygrmm (Geyer) Shrp-Stigm Looper Moth stigm Imge y Jim Vrgo., moifie Imge y Jim Vrgo Ctenoplus oxygrmm (Geyer) hs een foun in some A. gmm trps from NE U.S.A., lthough it lso ours in the SE. The forewings re rk gry-rown with uniquely shpe silver stigm (olique, elongte, n ngulr) (). The genitli re lso uniquely shpe n ignosti of the speies. Notle re the le-like sete () on the outer mrgins of the vlves; the elongte sus () with three pil projetions; n the long pil ornutus on the vesi (). Sus Imges y Juliet Brmil Vlve Aeegus

12 Trihoplusi ni (Hüner) The Cge Looper Moth stigm Imge y Lyle Buss Another of the plusiine moths most ommonly ollete uring A. gmm surveys nywhere in the U.S., is Trihoplus ni (Hüner). The stigm on the forewing is oule silver mrk (). Beuse the wing olortion n the shpe of the stigm re vrile, it is essentil tht genitli re exmine. The min genitli hrters tht mke ientifition of this speies esy re the lrge n reurve lsper on the enter of the vlves (), the elongte V-shpe sus (), ulous se () of the eegus, n the long pil ornutus on the vesi (e). Imge y Lyle Buss, moifie e Imges y Juliet Brmil Aeegus

13 Spoopter frugiper (J. E. Smith) Fll Armyworm Clvus Imge y Lyle Buss, moifie Sometimes, Spoopter frugiper (J. E. Smith), not plusiine notui, is ught in lrge numers in A. gmm survey trps euse it is unnt in griulturl fiels. It is unlike A. gmm in prt y its smller size, lk of silver stigm on the forewing, n y genitli hrters. The vlves re ro n hve trunte pex (); the lsper is sent; n mpull is present n is slightly urve, nerly rehing the pex of the vlve (); the lvus is short n setose (); single, long, oremt loe is present (); n the sus (e) is roly roune t the pex. The eegus hs pthes of spines (f) n grnules n oes not hve lrge ornuti, quikly istinguishing it from the eegus of Autogrph gmm. f Imges y Juliet Brmil Aeegus Vlve e

14 Summry ( seletion) C. Looney C. Looney Autogrph gmm Autogrph mpl Rhiplusi ou D. Kithen Autogrph liforni Chrysoeixis inluens Angrph fliifer Trihoplusi ni Ctenoplusi oxygrmm C. Looney C. Looney Autogrph gmm D. Kithen Autogrph mpl Spoopter frugiper Autogrph liforni Rhiplusi ou Chrysoeixis inluens