Clara Hard Office of Environmental Health and Safety May 14, Public Health Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington

Transcription

1 Clara Hard Office of Environmental Health and Safety May 14, 2015 Public Health Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington

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3 Produced by naturally-occurring algae Red tide is not an accurate name Biotoxin-producing algae usually do not turn the water red Red tides can occur without any toxins produced Shellfish retain toxins when they eat the algae Biotoxins do not harm shellfish, BUT Toxins accumulate in shellfish and can be deadly if we eat them It may take days, months, or years for shellfish to be safe to eat after a toxic bloom

4 Legislative mandate for Department of Health (DOH) Ensure that shellfish harvested for consumption are free of biotoxins Regulatory limits Saxitoxins (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) Alexandrium spp. (dinoflagellate) 80 µg/100g tissue Domoic Acid (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) Pseudo-nitzschia spp. (diatom) 20 ppm in tissue Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxins (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning) Dinophysis spp. (dinoflagellate) 16 µg/100g tissue

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6 Mission Provides an early-warning system for PSP/ASP/DSP toxin levels Scope of Program 72 sites Extensive coordination: DOH staff, tribes, DFW, DNR, local health, industry and volunteers Sampled biweekly (seasonally)

7 Port Ludlow Bywater Bay Tarboo Bay Broad Spit Port Gamble Boat Haven Marina Mussel Rafts Pt Whitney Shellfish Lab Lofall Seal Rock Zelatched Point Pleasant Harbor Fisherman Harbor Seabeck

8 PSP > 3000 samples/year ASP/Domoic Acid > 1200 samples/year DSP > 900 samples in 2012 >2000 samples per year now

9 ORHAB (Olympic Region Harmful Algal Blooms) partnership formed in 1999 coastal area monitoring mature program SoundToxins partnership formed in 2006 Puget Sound monitoring many unique areas

10 Cpt. Vancouver records PSP death in B.C Initial PSP testing in Washington PSP deaths in Washington PSP outbreak in British Columbia Widespread PSP toxicity in Washington First ASP outbreak at Prince Edward IS First PSP closure in South Puget Sound Domoic Acid detected on West Coast of U.S First Domoic Acid closure in Puget Sound First DSP illnesses in the United States

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13 Onset within ½ -15 hours Gastrointestinal Illness Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Chills Abdominal cramps Complete recovery within 3-4 days Long-term concern DSP toxins have been shown to be tumor promoters 13

14 2011 Harvest Areas Causing Illnesses

15 Closed the bays July 2 nd August 8 th, 2012 Mussels picked up the DSP toxins to 33μg/100g shellfish tissue DSP has not caused closures there since then in the bays Additionally, Pleasant Harbor DSP closure July 24 th Sep 13 th, 2012

16 2014 is our third year of monitoring: 2112 samples analyzed 92 samples 16µg/100g tissue 180µg at Sequim Bay, 81µg at Bellingham Bay 10 Recreational Closures 2 Commercial Closures Dual HAB closures (DSP and PSP) 16

17 Whatcom June 11- Sep 4 (May 19- June 10, Sep 22-Nov 12) Jefferson June 18- Oct 27 (Sep 8 Feb 9, 15) San Juan June 26- Aug 25 (Sep 1-Nov 7) Clallam July 10- Dec 29 King Aug 6- Aug 22 (Sep 29- Nov 21) Grays Harbor Oct 9- Oct 24 (June 10-July 7) 17

18 DSP Toxin Level (micrograms/100 g tissue) Action Level (16) Clallam Jefferson Pacific Clallam, Island, Skagit and Whatcom Whatcom Blue Butter California Geoduck Littleneck Manila Pacific Razor Varnish Mussel Clam Mussel Clam Clam Oyster Clam Clam 18

19 Photograph courtesy of Dr. Rita Horner U.W. School of Oceanography

20 Gastrointestinal symptoms (within 24 hours) Vomiting Abdominal cramps and Diarrhea Nausea Neurological Symptoms (within 48 hours) Headache Dizziness Confusion and Disorientation Short-term memory loss Motor weakness Seizures Coma Death 20

21 Amnesic Shellfish Poison (ASP or Domoic Acid Poisoning ) 2014 was a very quiet year 1362 shellfish samples analyzed No commercial/recreational closures *Last ASP closure in Jefferson County - Kilisut Harbor 2003 Action Level: >20 ppm

22 Maximum ASP Toxin By Year ASP Toxin ASP Toxin - ppm

23 60 Domoic Acid in Razor Clams April-May 2015 ppm Domoic Acid in razor clam tissue Long Beach Twin Harbors Willapa Spits Copalis Mocrocks Quinault Kalaloch FDA Action Level Apr-15 8-Apr-15 9-Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr-15 1-May-15 2-May-15 3-May-15 4-May-15 5-May-15 6-May-15 7-May-15 8-May-15 9-May May May-15

24 Photograph courtesy of Dr. Rita Horner U.W. School of Oceanography

25 Symptoms (onset 5 min- 10 hrs) Neurological Tingling of lips and tongue Numbness of arms, legs, and neck Muscular paralysis or incoordination Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, and incoherence Headache, rapid pulse, and respiratory distress Death (as quick as 15 minutes) Gastrointestinal Vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain 25

26 A few of the high levels of toxin in mussels: 10,304 floating buoy near Kingston 9/5/12** 7,187 NE Discovery Bay 8/27/12 7 illnesses Discovery Bay Condos 9/22/12 ** 1,621 Yukon Harbor 8/14/12** **9 confirmed illnesses in WA in

27 Decade Toxin Events Illnesses* (Deaths) Highest toxin level of the illness events 1940s PSP 1 6 (3) 3,500 µg saxitoxins 1970s PSP ,597 µg saxitoxins 1980s PSP ,171 µg saxitoxins 1990s ASP ppm Domoic Acid PSP ,928 µg saxitoxins 2000s PSP ,769 µg saxitoxins 2010s DSP µg DTX PSP ,304 µg saxitoxins

28 2014 Closures: 29 Commercial closures 24 geoduck, 5 general 17 Recreational closures First recreational and commercial closures ever due to PSP in Quilcene and Dabob Bays 3,255 samples run 255 samples 80µg PSP toxins 12,688µg in Quilcene Bay 9/23/14 2,196µg at Penrose Point Park 9/16/14 Highest level ever recorded in oysters from WA 3,243µg at Quilcene Bay 9/23/14 28

29 Whatcom May 19- June 10 Sep 22-Nov 12 Grays Harbor June 10-July 7 Kitsap July 7-Aug 28 Sep 9-Nov 18 Pierce July 24-Oct 24 San Juan Sep 1-Nov 7 Jefferson Sep 8 Feb 9, 15 King Sep 29- Nov 21 29

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31 Quilcene and Dabob Bay PSP in Mussels μg PSP/100g mussel tissue Quilcene Rafts Quilcene Marina Dabob Bay Action Level /4/14 9/4/14 10/4/14 11/4/14 12/4/14 31

32 Quilcene Bay PSP in micrograms PSP/100g shellfish tissue Rafts Fuel Dock Manila Clams Oysters FDA Action Level 32

33 Action Level (80) 33

34 2015 PSP in Quilcene Bay micrograms PSP/100g mussel tissue Marina Rafts Action Level /6/2015 2/6/2015 3/6/2015 4/6/2015 5/6/

35 Total samples # samples >80μg PST # samples >1000μg PST Highest PST of the year ,932μg 954μg 10,304μg 8,040μg 12,688μg County Skagit Kitsap Kitsap Pierce Jefferson Species Blue Mussels Blue Mussels Blue Mussels Blue Mussels Blue Mussels 35

36 Washington State Maximum PSP Toxin By Year Micrograms of PSP Toxin , Holmes Harbor , Ship Bay , Birch Bay , Manchester Burley Lagoon, Allyn, Horse Head Bay, Mystery Bay, , Mystery Bay 1575 Port Ludlow, Indianola E., 940 Bellingham, March Point, Quilcene PSP Toxin 36

37 In certain counties 1. Closures are appearing earlier in the year 2. Last closures of the year are opening later 3. PSP toxins are increasing, but very slightly Has affected all counties and 22 species 37

38 PSP Levels in Whatcom County Mussels Recoded PSP Action Level Linear (Recoded PSP) R² = µg PSP toxin/100g shellfish tissue /23/1990 5/11/ /28/1995 4/15/ /1/2000 3/20/2003 9/5/2005 2/22/2008 8/10/2010 1/26/

39 Likely First Day Closure in Jefferson County Hood Canal R² = Julian Day

40 Call our Marine Biotoxin Hotline: Visit our Shellfish Safety website: Check the WDFW season and acquire proper licensing 40

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44 Call your health care provider Call your county health department Jefferson County Foodborne Illnesses

45 Jerry Borchert Clara Hard