Re-Engineering Transport Designs for Safe and Universal Accessibility. Dr. Sewa Ram School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi
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1 Re-Engineering Transport Designs for Safe and Universal Accessibility Dr. Sewa Ram School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi
2 Approach towards safe mobility
3 What is Accessibility? Access +Ability
4 Measuring Walkability Walkability INDEX The extent to which walking is readily available to the user as a safe, connected, accessible and pleasant.
5 Factor Opportunity Motivation Factors affecting Walkability Distance Weather Topography Cost-Time and Money to Travel Traffic Volume and Speed Other Factors Physical Condition (age, health) Family circumstances (life cycle) Cultural (ethnic, Social, Peer group) Education (formal and Informal) Profession Infrastructure Pedestrian Facilities (presence, Condition) Access- Proximity to Destinations Access- Connectivity Transportation Alternatives Street Lighting Habits, attitudes and Values Personal Value of Time Personal value of Money Personal Value of Exercise and Health Personal Value or Independence Personal Appearance of Nature
6 Variables for Universal accessibility Pedestrian behavior
7 Variables for Universal accessibility Capacity
8 Variables for Universal accessibility Safety
9 Variables for Universal accessibility Accessibility
10 Design needs of mobility-impaired pedestrians Wheelchair Users Wider path and larger manoeuvring space. Surfaces with low cross slopes, low grades, smooth surfaces, and level terrains. Firm, stable surfaces and structures such as ramps or beveled edges to negotiate changes in level. Gradualrateofchangeofcrossslopeinsuchplacesasdrivewaysandaprons. Walking-Aid Users No grates and cracks which could catch or hinder the walking-aid. Longer pedestrian signal cycles at intersections and the presence of passing spaces to allow others to travel around them. Norapidchangeincrossslopethatcouldcausepeoplewithwalkerstostumble. Prosthesis Users Extended signal timing at wide intersections. Lowgradesandcrossslopes.
11 Design needs of mobility-impaired pedestrians People with Visual Impairments Detectable warnings (surfaces that can be detected underfoot and by a person using a cane through texture, colour, and resilience). Visual cues, tactile surfaces, or audible pedestrian signals that can make information about traffic flow and street crossings more accessible. People with Hearing Impairments Areas with long sight distances relatively free ofvisual obstructions such as landscaping People with Cognitive Impairments Signs that use pictures, universal symbols, and colours rather than words to convey meaning to a broad range of people. People with Mobility Constraints
12 Measuring Walkability 1. Footpath Surface 2. Footpath Width 3. Walking Path Modal Conflict 4. Obstruction 5. Encroachment 6. Continuity 7. Pedestrian Volume 8. Safety 9. Comfort/Amenities
13 ALONG THE ROAD
14 ALONG THE ROAD Vehicular Traffic NMT
15 AN EFFORT TOWARDS UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY
16 ACROSS THE ROAD
17 ACROSS THE ROAD
18
19
20 1. 2. W3 > W2 > W1 W -Width of Subway 3. % UTILIZATION WIDTH OF OPENING(m) W1 5 W2 W3 WIDTH OF ROAD (m) 10 WIDTH OF ROAD (m)
21 PEDESTRIAN & CYCLISTS CROSSINGS- PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS S. No Type Problems Photograph Solutions Photograph 1. a) Uncontrolled Crossing Facilities Low pedestrian and bicycle facility at intersection Providing more bicycle and pedestrian accommodations at intersections b) Visibility/ Sight Distance Less Visibility at Junctions dueto Blind Spots Improvementof Junctions by providing proper sight distance/turning radius c) On street Parking Causes congestion on the main arteries however it provides impedance at local streets. Parkingshould be avoided on roads which have higher traffic flow or off street parking may be provided.
22 PEDESTRIAN & CYCLISTS CROSSINGS- PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS S. No Type Problems Photograph Solutions Photograph 2. a) Roundabout Crossing Facilities Low pedestrian and bicycle facility at intersection Providing more bicycles and pedestrian accommodations at intersections b) Visibility/ Less Visibility at Improvementof Junctions SightDistance Junctions dueto Blind Spots by providing proper sight distance/turning radius c) No Continuous facilities Footpathsare not provided continuously along the roads, no pedestrian crossings Providing pedestrian facilities along and across the roads.
23 PEDESTRIAN & CYCLISTS CROSSINGS- PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS S. No Type Problems Photograph Solutions Photograph 3. a) Signalized Crossing Facilities Incorrect pedestrian signal timings lead to platooning effect, increasing unsafe crossings b) Visibility The visibility at signalized crossings in Indian scenario decreases due to congestion. Continuous crossing for pedestrians with properly designed signal phases Increasing pedestrian driver visibility c) Platooning effect Congestion on roads lead to queuing and causes traffic jams. By providing proper sight distance, pedestrian crossing and signalizing can prevent queuing.
24 International Scenario Photographs S.No Problems Solutions 4. Undesirable vehicle speeds for context of high speed areas 5. Areas of continuous access (Pedestrians and cyclists are highly exposed in these areas since pedestrian space is not defined, travel paths for vehicles are not always clear, and there are a number of possible vehicular turning movements.) Reducing travel speeds by physically or visually narrowing lane widths Access Management (providing separate lanes for cycles and by defining clear turning movements with good visibility) 6. Large crossing distances or Inconveniently located pedestrian crossings Curb extensions (also called bulb outs, neck downs or knuckles) extend the curb into the carriageway.
25 AT BUS STOP
26 AT BUS STOP 45 CM
27 AT RAILWAY TERMINAL
28 AT METRO TERMINAL 30cm 10cm 20cm
29 AT RAILWAY TERMINAL
30 AT METRO TERMINAL
31 AT METRO TERMINAL
32 AT METRO TERMINAL
33 Design needs for better accessibility
34 Policy frameworks towards Accessibility Primary Legislation- The PwD Act (1995) UNCRPD 2007 Section 44 to 46 The Rights of Persons with Disability Bill 2014 (pending with the parliament)
35
36 Acknowlegements Institute of Urban Transport Samarthyam Mayank Dubey Research Scholar Siva Teja P.G. Student Ashish Sharma -P.G. Student
37 Issues for Round-Table Discussion Need for re-engineering the Transport Projects for safe and Universal Accessibility?
38 Issues for Round-Table Discussion Should universal accessibility be mandated in all transport planning/engineering projects?
39 Issues for Round-Table Discussion Planning from beginning/retrofitted viable solutions?
40 Issues for Round-Table Discussion Is Accessibility linked with safety or are they two different parameters?
41
42 Questions for Public Opinion Q 1. Should Univesal Accessibility be mandate in all Urban Transport Projects? A. Yes B. No
43 Questions for Public Opinion Q 2. Arrange the following design considerations of pedestrian crossing in the order of priority. (highest -1 and lowest -4) A. Continuity B. Safety and security C. Illumination at night D. Grade of crossing
44 Questions for Public Opinion Q 3. Arrange the following in terms of the best internal accessibility?(highest- 1 and lowest- 3) A. Metro station B. Bus Terminal(I.S.B.T.) C. Regional Railway Terminal
45 Questions for Public Opinion Q 4. Rate the following in terms ofmost unsafe access in Pedestrian Environment. (highest -1 and lowest 5) A. Metro station B. Bus Terminal (I.S.B.T.) C. Regional Railway D. Bus Stop E. Bus Stations along BRT Corridor
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