Reading and Writing READING AND WRITING SKILLS. Skills

Transcription

1 Without translitaration Reading and Writing READING AND WRITING SKILLS Skills Edited on 8 th Shawwal th September 2010

2 INDEX Introduction 2 PART ONE Revision of the step by step book 3 My beautiful letters 4 Table of Arabic letters 5 Writing exercices 7 Marks 9 Fat-hah 9 Letter Hamzah 10 Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah 12 shortened Alif 15 kasrah 16 Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah 17 Dammah 20 Dammah and waaw Maddiyah 21 Sukoon 23 How to pause on Arabic words 24 Shaddah 25 PART TWO Rules of reading more than a word Introduction to the Arabic word 29 Tanween 30 Tied Taa' 33 Connecting Hamzah 35 Disconnecting Hamzah 36 Laam in (Al of definition) 37 1

3 INTRODUCTION All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves, and the evils of our actions. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone and I bear witness that Muhammad االله عليه وسل م صل ى is His servant and Messenger. - In the book you have in hand, we will complete the needed lessons to إن شاء الله be able to read and write any Arabic text - We will start with a revision of the Step by Step book: Arabic letters, how to connect or separate them, the Arabic marks and the comparison between short and long vowels. - Few new important lessons are added to make you able to read words together are added. - It is important to know that this is a book of reading and writing practice book, not a book to learn the language, so you might find few words that do not have meaning in Arabic but we are only using them for practice. - We will keep transliteration for most of the words, as probably it will be a self-studying book, but always try to read the words without the transliteration first then check if it is correct. - A question that might come to your mind when doing these lessons is: Why does the same word appears with different marks on the last letter? ص ارط ص ارط ا ص ارط ending of an Arabic word changes after its position (role of the word in the sentence e.g. subject, object etc ). However, the word still means the same. reason of these changes will be explained later in the Qur'aanic إن شاء الله Arabic lessons Hope you find these notes useful. May Allaah keep you straight on his path, and teach you what will be beneficial for you, give you success in this life and in the hereafter. 2

4 PART 1 REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK 3

5 أ ث ت ب خ ح ج ذ د ز ر ش س ح ر وف ي ال جم يلة ض ص My beautiful letters ظ ط غ ع ق ف ل ك ي و ه ن م 4

6 Letter Name Figure Vocaliza - tion Translitertion Example New Heavy Light At the end In the middle At the beginning Connect ed from right only ء 1 Hamzah first sound in ( a, o, e, i ) a,o,e,i 'Apple * ب ب ب ب * Back b b ب Baa 2 ت ت ت ت * Tab t t ت Taa 3 ث ث ث ث * Thank th th ث Thaa 4 ج ج ج ج * Jar j j ج 5 Jeem ح ح ح ح * * - h - ح Haa 6 خ خ خ خ * * - kh - خ Khaa 7 د د د * Data d d د 8 Daal ذ ذ ذ * That th dh ذ 9 Dhaal * د * ذ * ر ر ر ر * Right r r ر Raa 10 * ز ز ز ز * Zoo z z ز 11 Zaay س س س س * Sand s s س 12 Seen ش ش ش ش * Shadow sh sh ش 13 Sheen ص ص ص ص * Sauce s s ص 14 Saad ض ض ض ض * * - d - ض 15 Daad

7 ط ط ط ط * - t t ط Taa 16 ظ ظ ظ ظ * - dh th ظ Dhaa 17 ع ع ع ع * * ع 18 3ayn غ غ غ غ * * - gh - غ 19 Ghyne ف ف ف ف * Fat f f ف Faa 20 ق ق ق ق * * - q - ق 21 Qaaf ك ك ك ك * Kid k k ك 22 Kaaf ل ل ل ل * Lamp l l ل 23 Laam م م م م * Map m m م 24 Meem ن ن ن ن * Name n n ن 25 Noon ه ه ه ه * Hat h h ه Haa 26 * و و و و * Wing w w و 27 Waaw Waaw Maddiyah * و و و * Moon oo oo و ي ي ي ي * You Y Y ي Yaa Yaa Maddiyah ي ي ي ee ee Deep ي Alif * sad Long a aa ا ا ا ا Maddiyah * ا

8 Connect the letters of the word WRITING EXERCISES تد ر يب ١ ق ب ض غ ب ل ص ب غ ق ل ب ك ت ب ف ت ح ت ي ن ع ت ب م س ح ت ب ت ن ف س ل م م ل ث م ل ي ث ج ب ل تد ر يب ٢ Separate the letters of each word عبس شمس سمع كتب عقل شبه حلم نفع شين قتل حلل نقص 7

9 Remember that the non connectors (the letters connected from تد ر يب ٣ و ا د ذ ر ز right side only) are: Connect the letters of the word ق ب ر ب د ر ص ا ب ق ل ب ك و ب ت و ت م ت ر ع ا ب ف ت ح ت ي ن ل ي ث م د ر ج ث م ث و م ح د ث تد ر يب ٤ Separate the letters of each word عبد شرب ستر كوب ثوب نذر نار حوت نزل رفع سا ل نقد 8

10 1 *ال حركات THE MARKS (Fat-hah, Dammah, Kasrah, Sukoon and Shaddah) 1- FAT-HAH is a small diagonal line placed above a letter, and represents a short (a). This (a) is pronounced as (a) in (tablet). word Fat-hah means opening, and refers to the opening of the mouth when producing an (a) mark of Fat-hah ف ت حة is up, and my mouth goes up ba ال ح ر وف مع ال فت ح ة letters with the Fat-hah ء د ب ذ ت ر ث ز ج س ح ش خ ص *2 ض ك ط ل ع ظ ن ق ف غ و ي ه م *1- letter ( ا ) you see at the beginning of that word is not a long vowel (long vowels cannot start a word) but it is a type of Hamzah called Hamzah of connection that will be explained later in that book. *2- We have only chosen the form of the Hamzah without a seat as an example, anyway the Hamzah sound will not change with all her seats. Look at the next page for a quick revision of Hamzah. 9

11 LETTER HAMZAH Hamzah is represented by a sign. This sign is sometimes written over or under certain letters called seats, or else aloof. seats can be: ( ( ا ) أ ؤ ئ or ي ( و ) ى ) seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in the spelling of words with Hamzah. re is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah: If there is a seat, ignore it. writing of Hamzah: 1- Aloof ( ء ) not connected from right or from left. 2- With a carrier, in which case it becomes like a diacritic: a- Above and under an Alif ( إ أ ) (This is how it appears at the beginning of a word) ) ؤ) b. Above a waaw c. Above a dotless yaa' ) ئ ( إن شاء االله rules of writing Hamzah will be studied later Important comment: Note that the Alif and Hamzah are two different letters. letter Alif is a long vowel, always written free from any type of Harakah, and it never comes at the beginning of a word. But Hamzah is a consonant that comes anywhere in the word with a Harakah. (Step by step book page 61) But because the Hamzah is mostly using Alif as a seat, people call the Hamzah on the top of Alif (أ) : "Alif" also. This might cause lot of confusion to the beginners but soon you will get used to it. In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiating between them as they are not the same. 10

12 كل مات مع ال فت حة Words with Fat-hah Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters ف ت ح م غ س ل ك ت ب ح س د ظ ل غس ل كت ب فتح ظلم حسد ع م ل ك س ب ن ص ر ف ع ل م ع ج عم ل كس ب نصر فع ل جمع ن ه ر ن س ك غ ف ر ق ت ل ي ب س يب س نهر نس ك غفر قتل 11

13 ال فت حة والا ل ف ال مد ية Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah (long vowel) If the letter Alif ( ا ) comes after a letter with Fat-hah (Alif is always preceded by Fat-hah), then this Alif will be pronounced like double Fathah as (a) in dad. We call it Alif Madiyyah. - Alif Maddiyyah is the long form of Fat-hah An Arabic word cannot start with Alif Maddiyah because Madd is like Sukoon. (ء+ا)= آ خا حا جا ثا تا با z# Standard Arabic Qur'aan script صا شا سا زا را ذا دا قا فا غا عا ظا طا ضا يا وا ها نا ما لا كا 12

14 م قارنة بين ال ح ر وف مع ال فت حة ومع الا ل ف ال مد ي ة Comparison between letters with Fat-hah and with long vowel Alif ء آ ب با ت تا ث ثا ج جا ح حا خ خا د دا ذ ذا ر را ز زا س سا ش شا ص صا ض ضا ط طا ظ ظا ع عا غ غا ف فا ق قا و وا ه ها م ما ك كا ل لا ن نا ي يا كل مات فيها فت حة وألف مد ي ة Words that have Fat-hah and Alif Madiyyah جا ل ثار تا ب با ت آب حام خا ب صاغ شا ب سا ح زا ل را ج ذا ق دان ق اد فاز غا ص عا ث ظا ء طار ضاع يا ي وا ل ها ب نا س ما ء لا ح كال 13

15 م قارنة ب ين ال فت ح ة والا لف المد ي ة في ال كل ما ت Comparison between Fat-hah and long vowel Alif in words أم ن ء آم ن ر رفع فت ح ف رافع فات ح z tβ#u faataha fataha raafa3a rafa3a aamana amana زاعم ساء ل زعم سا ل ب ت بط ل تل ف باط ل تال ف ز س ق ك قت ل كت ب قات ل كات ب شاتم صابر شتم صبر ث ج ثب ت جهد ثاب ت جاهد ش ص ل م لم س مك ث لام س ماك ث ناص ب نص ب ن ضار ب ضر ب ض حام ل حم ل ح هار ب هر ب ه طال ب طل ب ط خار ج خر ج خ دفع ذر ف د ذ دافع ذار ف ظ ع ظهر عر ف ظاهر عار ف و ي وه ب يم ن واه ب يام ن غار ق غر ق غ إن شاء االله You should be able to continue reading without help 14

16 AL-ALIF- الا ل ف ال مق ص ورة UL-MAQSOORAH shortened Alif Sometimes long vowel ( ا ) at the end of the word is written in the shape of Yaa' without dots. You still pronounce it as an Alif ( ا ) (aa) not as ي (ee), We call it "Al-Alif-ul-Maqsoorah" ( shortened Alif) How would I know it is an Alif not a Yaa? 1- It has no dots below. 2- It has no mark. فت حة 3- It is preceded by Fat-hah 4- In Qur aan it has a small ا on the top of it 3. Ex. على ع يسى م وسى Standard Arabic 4 y θãβ 4 ŠÏã 4 n?tã Qur'aan script 15

17 2- KASRAH Is a small diagonal line placed below a letter and represents a short (i). This (i) is pronounced as (i) in bin. word Kasrah means breaking. mark of Kasrah كس رة is down, and my mouth goes down bi ال ح روف مع ال كس رة Words with kasrah ء د ب ذ ت ر ث ز ج س ح ش خ ص ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ك ل م ن ه و كل مات ب حركة ال فت ح وال كس ر مع ا ي Words with Fat-hah and kasrah نس ي فز ع حب ط فر ح أس ف خس ر يي س لب ث بر ق كر ه يع ي وس ع إب ل ل م ع بخ ل 16

18 ال كس رة وال ياء ال مد ية Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah (long vowel) - If the letter Yaa' ( ي ) comes after a letter with Kasrah and has no mark over or below it, then this Yaa' will be pronounced like double Kasrah as (ee) in beep. We call it Yaa' Madiyyah. - Yaa' Maddiyyah is the long form of kasrah. - An Arabic word cannot start with Yaa' Maddiyyah (Madd is like Sukoon) خ ي ح ي ج ي ث ي ت ي ب ي ء ي ص ي ش ي س ي ز ي ر ي ذ ي د ي ق ي ف ي غ ي ع ي ظ ي ط ي ض ي ي ي و ي ه ي ن ي م ي ل ي ك ي 17

19 م قارنة ال ح ر وف مع ال كس رة ومع ال ياء ال مد ي ة Comparison between letters with kasrah and long vowel Yaa' خ ح ج ث ت ب ء خ ي ح ي ج ي ث ي ت ي ب ي ء ي ص ش س ز ر ذ د ص ي ش ي س ي ز ي ر ي ذ ي د ي ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ق ي ف ي غ ي ع ي ظ ي ط ي ض ي ك ك ي ل ل ي م م ي ن ن ي ه ه ي و و ي ي ي ي كل مات فيها ياء مد ي ة Yaa' Words that have long vowel رح يم رش يد رج يم يس ي ل إ يما ن د ين كب ير نذ ير ط ي ب قل ي ل كث ير ت ي ن عز يز ع ير ن ي ل رخ ي ص قص ير ق ي ل ناي ي ر يم عظ يم سم ي ن نض يد مك ين غ ي ض ره ي ب ف ي ل ر او ي 18

20 م قارنة بي ن ال كس ر ومد ال ياء في ال كل ما ت Comparison between kasrah and long vowel Yaa' in words ر ع ر إ ي ن إ ن ء ف ي ل ف ل ف ر يع ق ي ل ق ل ق ز ي ل ز ل ز ب ير ب ر ب ك ي ر ك ر ك س ير س ر س ت ي ن ت ن ت ل ي ن ل ن ل ش ي ن ش ن ش ث ي ب ث ب ث م ي ل م ل م ص ي ر ص ر ص ج ي ن ج ن ج ن ي س ن س ن ض يد ض د ض ح ي ل ح ل ح ه ير ه ر ه ط ي ب ب ط ط خ ي ف ف خ خ د ذ د ن ذ ل د ي ن ذ ي ل ظ ع ظ ل ع ر ظ ي ل ع ي ر و ي و ش ي س و ي ش ي ي س غ ي ض ض غ غ 19

21 3- DAMMAH Is a small curl placed above a letter and represents a short (u). This (u) is pronounced as (u) in bull. word Dammah means a hug. mark of Dammah ضم ة looks like a whistle, that I blow in. bu ال ح روف مع الض م ة Letters with Dammah ء د ب ذ ت ر ث ز ج س ح ش خ ص ض ك ط ل ع ظ ن ق ف غ و ي ه م كل مات ب حركة الض م Words with Dammah س ب ل ك ت ب ط ر ق ر س ل ح ر م ز ب ر ك ث ر ع م ر ن ذ ر ع ر ب 20

22 الض م ة وال واو ال مد ية Dammah and waaw Maddiyah (long vowel) - If the letter Waaw ( و ) comes after a letter with Dammah and has no mark above or below it, then this Waaw will be pronounced like double Dammah as (oo) in boot. We call it Waaw Madiyyah. - Waaw Maddiyah is the long form of Dammah. - An Arabic word cannot start with Waaw Maddiyah (Madd is like Sukoon) خ و ح و ج و ث و ت و ب و ء و ص و ش و س و ز و ر و ذ و د و ق و ف و غ و ع و ظ و ط و ض و ي و و و ه و ن و م و ل و ك و م قارنة ال ح ر وف مع الض م ة ومع مد ال واو Comparison between letters with Dammah and long vowel waaw ء ء و ب ب و ت ت و ث ث و ج ج و ح ح و خ خ و د د و ذ ذ و ر ر و ز ز و س س و ش ش و ص ص و ض ض و ط ط و ظ ظ و ع ع و غ غ و ف ف و ق ق و و و و ه ه و م م و ك ك و ل ل و ن ن و ي ي و 21

23 ف يها واو مد ي ة كل مات Words that have long vowel waaw خ و ر ح و ر ع ج و ل نث و ر يت و ب ب و ر أولى د ون ض ور أك ون أذ و ق ع ط و ر ع ل و م م ر و ج ح ظ وظ يم و ر يز و ر يع ول ن و ر س و ر نغ و ص س ه ول ق ش ور ف و ل داو و د ق ص و ر تق و د ع ي و ن م قارنة بي ن الض م وال مد بال وا و في ال كل ما ت Comparison between Dammah and long vowel waaw in words ف و ز ف ز ف ر و ب ر ب ر أ ولى أ لى ء ق ول ق ل ق ز و ل ز ل ز ب و ر ب ر ب ك و ب ك ب ك س و ق س ق س ت و ب ت ب ت ث وم ج ول ث م ج ل ث ج ح ش ص ض ل ش ور ش ر م ن ل م م ج ن ح ل و م م و ج ن و ح ص وم ض و ل ص م ض ل ح ور ح ر ه و د ه د ه ط و ف ط ف ط خ و ص خ ص خ و ور و ر و ظ و ل ظ ل ظ د ور د ر د ي و ر ي ر ي ع ول ع ل ع ذ و ق ذ ق ذ غ و ص غ ص غ 22

24 4- SUKOON (Absence of the vowel) This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that this letter is not followed by any vowel s sound (Absence of the vowel). It is pronounced as t in ant, b in cobra etc خ ح ج ث ت ب ء رأ.س رأ س د ن ب. ن ي نب ن ي ذ ي ت.عب يت ع ب ر ن ث.أر نث ا ر ز م ج.مل م ج م ل س م ح.س ن م ح س ن ش ف خ.ر فخ ر ص مد.ين مد ين ض عذ. ب عذ ب ط بر. ق بر ق ظ و ز. ر و ز ر ع يس.مع يس مع غ قش.ر ق ش ر ف نص. ر نص ر ق نق. ل تف.ت ح نغ.ف و بع.ل ي حظ. ر ع ط.ر نا فض.ل ي نغ ف و بع ل ي حظ ر ع ط ر نا فض ل ي نق ل تف ت ح ي و ه ن م ل ك مك.تب مك تب ه ل ه ل أم.ه ل أم ه ل.ه م ن م ن ه سه. ل سه ل سو.س ن س ن سو سي. ل سي ل This is to show the way to pronounce Sukoon in the middle of a word, to stop before the dot then to continue the word. correct way of writing is on the next line. 23

25 How to pause on Arabic words - An Arabic word never starts with Sukoon. - If you pause on any word, you have to keep a Sukoon on the last letter of the word e.g. the last letter must be 'still' (in reading) even if there is a different mark on it (in writing). Word ending with Fat-hah or Dammah or Kasrah, we Pausing form word pause with sukoon on the last letter. walad ولد ولد - ولد Word ending with a long vowel, we pause on a long vowel as well. Word ending with Shaddah, we pause on sukoon but Fee Maa yarjoo ف ي ما ير ج و عد و with doubling the letter. 3aduww If the last letter is a waaw without Shaddah preceded by a Dammah, or a yaa' without Shaddah preceded by a Kasrah, we change the waaw and yaa' to long vowels when pausing. hoo hee عد و عد و ه و ه ي 24

26 5- SHADDAH This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter should be stressed (which means to pause on the letter and then to say the same letter with a vowel). ب or the Dammah ب or the Kasrah ب Shaddah can be with the Fat-hah Help Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving the tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel 1-Shaddah with Fat-hah Example: when you say: what time is it? On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Fat-hah. 2- Shaddah with Kasrah Example: when you say: Do you like hot tea? On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Kasrah. و 3- Shaddah with Dammah Example: when you say: I like it too! On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Dammah. بت with shaddah and Fat-hah) is batta = ت ( ت + ب ب ت = batti with shaddah and Kasrah) is ت) ت + ب ب ت= with shaddah and Dammah) is battu ت ( ت + ب (Step by Step page 21) 25

27 ال كل مات مع الش د ة على آخ ر ال كل مة Words with Shaddah at the end of the word ء أ ب أ ب أ ب ب full pausal* abbu abb abbi abb abba abb ب ث ب ث ب ث ث ب ت ب ت ب ت ت م ح م ح م ح ح ع ج ع ج ع ج ج س د س د س د د ر خ ر خ ر خ خ س ر س ر س ر ر ه ذ ه ذ ه ذ ذ ح س ح س ح س س م ز م ز م ز ز ق ص ق ص ق ص ص ر ش ر ش ر ش ش دع دع دع ع ح ض ح ض ح ض ض ك ف ك ف ك ف ف زغ زغ زغ غ ش ك ش ك ش ك ك د ق د ق د ق ق ه م ه م ه م م ج ل ج ل ج ل ل سه سه سه ه ح ن ح ن ح ن ن ع ي ع ي ع ي ي ق و ق و ق و و *You should read each word once in full form keeping the last vowel (when you continue reading after that word) and once when pausing on Sukoon by keeping the stress (doubling the letter) on the last letter. 26

28 شد ة ف يها كل مات Words with Shaddah خي اط فن ا ن ح ب ش ر االله khayyaatu khayyaat tailor fannaanu fannaan artist hubba hubb love sharru sharr evil Allaahu Allaah Allaah نج ا ر م در س ف ص م ت ق ي س ت ون najjaaru najjaar carpenter mudarrisu mudarris teacher saffu saff row muttaqee muttaqee pious sittoona sittoon sixty Full form Pausal form Meaning 27

29 PART 2 NEW LESSONS RULES OF READING MORE THAN A WORD 1- INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC WORD 2- TANWEEN 3- TAA' MARBOOTAH 4- HAMZA-TUL-WASL 5- LAAM AT-TA3REEF 28

30 1- INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD ال كل مة ال عرب ي ة Arabic Word حر ف Particle ف ع ل Verb Noun إ ن سان ا س م ال ف ع ل الماض ي حر ف جر Preposition ف ي على إلى م ن مع ك.. Past tense verb Human حيوان ال ف ع ل ال م ضار ع حر ف عط ف Conjunction Particle و أو ث م ف.. Present tense verb Animal Negation Particle لا Command verb ( imperative) جماد Solid ف ع ل الا م ر حر ف نف ي Calling Particle يا Plant نبات حر ف ن داء Etc. Place مكان Time زمان ص فة Adjective Pronoun ضم ير ا س م إ شارة Demonstrative Relative ا س م مو ص ول Pronoun Etc. 29

31 TANWEEN الت ن و ين 2- TANWEEN Tanween is a sound of Noon with Sukoon, that you hear at the end of Arabic indefinite nouns, but you do not write as a letter It is written in a.ن special way, by writing the vowel mark twice. bintan bintin ب ن ت ا = ب ن ت or ب ن ت = bintun ب ن ت = Tanween Fat-hah (Fat-hataan)* Tanween Kasrah (Kasrataan) Tanween Dammah (Dammataan) Fat-hataan means 2 Fat-hah, Kasrataan means 2 kasrah and Dammataan ) ن means 2 Dammah. (as if the first is the vowel and the second in for ب ن تا ب ن ت ب ن ت - Note that the Fat-hataan marks are regularly followed by an Alif, written as the last letter in the word, but this Alif does not indicate a long vowel except in the pausal form. - sound of Noon is heard only when we continue to read after that word, but if we pause on that word, we pause on Sukoon over the last written letter and we do not hear Noon sound of Tanween. Full form Pausal form (Continuing reading after that word) (Stopping on that word) ن ن ن 1- Dammataan un: ب ن ت bintun bint (like in Dammah) 2- Kasrataan in: 3- Fat-hataan an: Kasrah) bintin bint (like in ب ن ت bintan bintaa (different than ب ن ت ا Fat-hah due to the long vowel Alif that is added to the end) 30

32 ال ح ر و ف مع الت ن و ين وال وق ف على آخ ر ال كل م ة letters with Tanween and how to pause at the end of the word أب ا أ ب أ ب ب دء ا د ء د ء ء بث ا ب ث ب ث ث بت ا ب ت ب ت ت مح ا م ح م ح ح عج ا ع ج ع ج ج سد ا س د س د د رخ ا ر خ ر خ خ سر ا س ر س ر ر هذ ا ه ذ ه ذ ذ بس ا ب س ب س س مز ا م ز م ز ز ش ض ر ش ح ض ش ر ح ض رش ا حض ا ص ط ق ص بط ق ص ب ط قص ا بط ا ظ غ نظ زغ نظ ز غ نظ ا زغ ا ع ف دع ك ف د ع ك ف دع ا كف ا شك ا ش ك ش ك ك دق ا ق د ق د ق هم ا ه م ه م م جلا ج ل ج ل ل ن و ف ن ل و ف ن لو فن ا لو ا ه ي س ه سه ن ي سه ا ني ني ا 31

33 كل مات مع الحركات و الت ن و ين وال وق ف عل ي ه ما Words with short vowels and Tanween and how to pause on them Fat-hah Tanween Fat-hah Kasrah Tanween Kasrah Dammah Tanween Dammah بي ت بي ت ا بي ت بي ت بي ت بي ت bayta bayt house baytan baytaa house bayti bayt house baytin bayt house baytu bayt house baytun bayt house Full form Pausal form meaning رس ول رس ولا خي ر خي ر ك تا ب ك تاب rasoola rasool messenger rasoolan rasoolaa messenger khayri khayr good khayrin khayr good kitaabu kitaab book kitaabun kitaab book Full form Pausal form meaning 32

34 الت اء ال مر ب وطة Tied Taa' 3 - TAA' MARBOOTAH - Taa' Marbootah occurs only as the last consonant of a noun. - It is a sign of femininity in singular nouns. ه and the letter ت - It is a combination of the letter Ex فراشة ور دة - If we continue the reading after a word ending with Taa' Marbootah, we pronounce it as a Taa',ت but if we pause on such word, we pause on a Haa' ه with Sukoon. Fat-hah Tanween Fat-hah Kasrah Tanween Kasrah Dammah Tanween Dammah ور دة ور دة ور د ة ور د ة ور دة ور دة wardata wardah rose wardatan wardah rose wardati wardah rose wardatin wardah rose wardatu wardah rose wardatun wardah rose Full form Pausal form meaning جن ة جن ة كل م ة كل م ة صلاة صلاة jannata jannatan kalimati kalimatin salaatu salaatun Full form jannah jannah kalimah kalimah salaah salaah Pausal form paradise paradise word word prayer prayer *Notice that the long vowel Alif that comes after Tanween Fat-hah is not written after Taa' Marbootah and that the pausal form is on Haa' Sukoon as well. If you fly to the next word, take the upper dots of ت with you & if you stop suddenly and fall, you say oh! Ex. 33

35 Read ا ق رأ / ا ق ري ي ب ن ت جم يلة. طاي رة كب يرة جة خد يجة زو صال حة. Notice that when we pause at the end of the sentences, we change the sound of Taa' Marbootah to a Haa' with sukoon. 34

36 4- HAMZAT-UL UL-WASL هم زة ال وص ل connecting Hamzah If the Alif is not carrying the sign of Hamzah, then it must be a long vowel EXCEPT when it occurs first letter in the word. In that case, the Alif is a Hamzah (consonant), but it is a special type of Hamzah that is pronounced only when it is the first sound coming out of the mouth (i.e. when you begin speaking by pronouncing that Hamzah). This Hamzah is called 'Hamzat-ul-Wasl' Hamzah' or the 'connecting هم زة الوص ل - It comes only at the beginning of the word. - It looks like long vowel Alif, but you already know that this last cannot be at the beginning of a word, as it is a sukoon. - In the Qur aan it has a symbol like small ص on the top. ( ٱ(, but in standard Arabic books it is free of any sign. - This Hamzah is pronounced only at the beginning of the speech, i.e. when no other speech sound has been pronounced immediately before it; Otherwise, it is silent. - If we start with the word االله we say: Allaah. (we hear the sound of ج ازك Ex. But if we start with a word before it اث ني ن جي ن اث ني ن زو Standard Arabic È uζøo$# È ỳ ρy È uζøo$# Qur'aan script zawjayni-thnayn reading a word before it two pairs 'ithnayn starting with Hamza wasl two meaning ا We say: Jazaka-llaah Allaah, (We don t pronounce A of the word ج ازك الله we directly go from the Kaaf of Jazaaka to the letter Laam of the word (Allaah). Hamzah is omitted) 35

37 HAMZAT-UL UL-QAT QAT3 هم زة ال قط ع disconnecting Hamzah - other outspoken Hamzah ( أ ) at the beginning of a word, with the diacritic on the top is called 'Hamzat-ul-Qat3' هم زة القط ع or the"disconnecting Hamzah";that one is always pronounced, whether you ه و Huwa Ahmad أح مد Ex. start with that word or you read a word before أل يم ع قاب أل ي م Standard Arabic 5ΟŠÏ9r& A>$s)Ïã 5ΟŠÏ9r& Qur'aan script 3iqaabin aleem reading a word before it painful punishment aleem srarting with Hamzat-ul-Qat3 painful meaning ا ق رأ / ا ق ري ي م حم د : كي ف ال حال حسن : ب خي ر وال حم د ل ل ه.. م حم د : ما اس م ك حسن : ا س م ي حسن. 36

38 5- LAAM IN AL AT-TA TA3REEF اللام في ال الت ع ر يف ال* الت ع ر يف -1 letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition is connected to nouns to make them definite. It is equivalent to the English word "", but should be connected at the beginning of the noun not separate from it as in "" Ex. ال ب ن ت ال ولد - 3- nouns that have Al of Definition cannot have Tanween. Reading the letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition letter Laam in "Al at-ta3reef" can be read in one of two ways depending on the letter following it: - Pronouncing that Laam clearly. - Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter. ال ولد a- Pronouncing that Laam clearly When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the fourteen letters ء ب خ ح ج ع غ ف ق ك و ي م ه: group in the scholars gathered them in the sentence: إ ب غ حج ك وخف عق يمه That Laam can be recognized easily by the Sukoon appearing over it. لام in that case is called Laam Qamariyyah لام قمر ي ة from (moon) قمر due to the first letter ق that is one of the previous fourteen letters الا ال ب ال ج ال ح ال خ ال ع ال غ al-gha al-3a al-kha al-ha al-ja al-ba al-'a ال ف ال ق ال ك ال م ال ه ال و ال ي al-ya al-wa al-ha al-ma al-ka al-qa al-fa *Al of definition is starting with Hamzat-ul-Wasl 37

39 ا ق رأ / ا ق ري ي الا ع لى ال بي ت ال جمل ال حجر ال خي ر ال عرب ال غ راب al-ghuraab al-3arab al-khayr al-hajar al-jamal al-bayt al-'a3laa crow Arabs good stone camel house highest م ز ال ه دى ال ولد ال يو ال ف يل ال قمر ال ك تاب ال مو al-yawm al-walad al-hudaa al-mawz al-kitaab al-qamar al-feel day boy guidance banana book moon elephant b- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter: When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the remaining fourteen letters of Arabic س ز ر ذ د ث ت ش ص ض ن ل ظ ط لام in that case is called Laam Shamsiyyah لام شم س ي ة from شم س (sun) due to the first letter ش which is one of the previous fourteen letters. الت الث الد الذ الر الز الن an-na az-za ar-ra adh-dha ad-da ath-tha at-ta الس الش الص الض الط الظ الل al-la adh-dha at-ta ad-da as-sa ash-sha as-sa 38

40 Ayyaamu-l-usboo3 Days of the week ا ق رأ / ا ق ري ي ب الد ين الذ رة الر ق م الز ي ت الن ور ح يد الث و الت و an-noor az-zayt ar-raqm adh-dhurah ad-deen ath-thawb at-tawheed light oil number corn religion أي ام الا س ب وع A word with Hamzatu-l-wasl and Laam shamsiyyah dress monotheis m ت الض ال ين الط ين الظ ف ر الل يل الس ماء الش م س الص و al-layl adh-dhufr at-teen ad-daalleen as-sawt ash-shams as-samaa' night nail clay misguided sound sun الس ب ت الا حد الاث ني ن الث لاثاء ath-thulaathaa' al-ithnayn al-ahad as-sabt Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday الا ر ب عاء ال خم يس ال ج م عة al-jumu3ah al-khamees al-arbi3aa' Friday Thursday Wednesday sky الن ا س مل ك الن اس Standard Arabic Ä $ Ψ9$# Å7Ï=tΒ Ä $ Ψ9$# Qur'aan script maliki-nnaas reading a word before it king of the people an-naas starting with Hamza wasl people meaning 39