INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN VIRGINIA COTTON, PEANUT, AND SOYBEAN 2015

Transcription

1 INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN VIRGINIA COTTON, PEANUT, AND SOYBEAN 2015 D. Ames Herbert, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Virginia Tech Examining a pitfall trap for spiders and other predators common to soybean Technical Support: Ben Aigner, Graduate Student, Virginia Tech Mike Arrington, Research Specialist, Virginia Tech Jack Bunn, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Dylan Carbaugh, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Cassidy Doiron, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Jamie Hogue, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Madeleine Kahle, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Rebecca McGrath, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Trey McGrath, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Carolyn Rawls, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Ed Seymore, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Rebecca Whalen, Graduate Student, Virginia Tech Sean Malone, Research Specialist, Virginia Tech 2016 Virginia Tech ENTO-184NP Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, veteran status, or any other basis protected by law. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; M. Ray McKinnie, Interim Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State University, Petersburg..

2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank the many cooperators and contributors for their help and support in conducting numerous 2015 field tests and demonstrations. Appreciation is extended to David Langston, Director of the Tidewater AREC, Karl Jones, Farm Manager, and Bradley Slye, Assistant Farm Manager, for their help in implementing field tests. Thanks to the many other Extension Specialists, Agents, producers, state and national commodity groups, Ag-Industry personnel, and cooperating commercial companies listed below. PRODUCERS Thanks to the many producers across the region that helped the program by allowing us to conduct field tests and/or sample insects on their farms. Without their cooperation, this program would have less scope and meaning to other farmers. Special thanks to Everett Farms (Southampton Co.) and Lummis Road Farms, LLC (Suffolk). Thanks to the producers who assisted Virginia Cooperative Extension and Virginia Tech personnel in the operation of black light traps and kudzu bug sticky traps. This includes: Ricky Nice, Charles City Co. Steve Rosbicki, Prince George Co. Ricky Bennett, Dinwiddie Co. Davis & Sons Inc., Southampton Co. Ray Clarke, Dinwiddie Co. Simmons Brothers, Southampton Co. Jason Benton, Middlesex Co. Bob Rogers, Sussex Co. Ray & Vin Davis, New Kent Co. D.M. Wells, Prince George Co. UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND STAFF Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Maria Balota, Crop Physiologist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA Hunter Frame, Field Crops Agronomist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA Patricia Hipkins, Assistant Coordinator, Virginia Tech Pesticide Programs, Blacksburg, VA David Holshouser, Soybean Specialist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA Thomas Kuhar, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA Hillary Mehl, Plant Pathologist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA Robert Pitman, Director, Eastern Virginia AREC, Warsaw, VA Mary Beahm, Agricultural Specialist, Eastern Virginia AREC, Warsaw, VA Pete Schultz, Director/Entomologist, Hampton Roads AREC, Virginia Beach, VA Mississippi State University Fred Musser, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Mississippi State, MS North Carolina State University Jack Bacheler, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Raleigh, NC George Kennedy, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Raleigh, NC Dan Mott, Research Specialist, Dept. of Entomology, Raleigh, NC Dominic Reisig, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Plymouth, NC 1

3 Michael Roe, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Raleigh, NC Penn State University Shelby Fleischer, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, University Park, PA University of Delaware Bill Cissel, Entomologist, Newark, DE Joanne Whalen, Entomologist, Newark, DE University of Maryland Galen Dively, Entomologist, College Park, MD Virginia State University Brian Nerrie, Extension Assistant Professor, Petersburg, VA VIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION (please note that some Agents have responsibilities in more than one county) Theresa Long, Accomack Co. Beth Sastre, Loudoun Co. Laura Siegle, Amelia Co. Lindy Tucker, Lunenburg Co. Alyssa Elliott, Amherst Co. Taylor Clarke, Mecklenburg Co. Bruce Jones, Appomattox Co. David Moore, Middlesex Co. Kirsten Conrad Buhls, Arlington Co. John Allison, New Kent Co. Scott Baker, Bedford Co. Trent Jones, Northumberland Co. Cynthia Gregg, Brunswick Co. Haley Norton, Nottoway Mike Broaddus, Caroline Co. Stephen Barts, Pittsylvania Co. Steve Pottorff, Carroll Co. Rachel Grosse, Powhatan Co. Watson Lawrence, Chesapeake Katy Overby, Prince Edward Co. Corey Childs, Clarke Co. Paige Thacker, Prince William Co. Debbie Dillion, Culpeper Co. Scott Reiter, Prince George Co. Mike Parrish, Dinwiddie Co. Doug Horn, Rockingham Co. Keith Balderson, Essex Co. Robert Clark, Shenandoah Co. Tim Mize, Fauquier Co. Austin Brown, Southampton Co. Jon Vest, Floyd Co. Neil Clark, Southampton Co. John Thompson, Fluvanna Co. John Howe, Spotsylvania Co. Sean Duff, Franklin Co. Marcus Williams, Suffolk Nikki Norton, Greensville Co. Glenn Slade, Surry Co. Christopher Brown, Halifax Co. Kelvin Wells, Sussex Co. Laura Maxey-Nay, Hanover Co. Roy Flanagan, Virginia Beach Janet Spencer, Isle of Wight Co. Phil Blevins, Washington Co. Stephanie Romelczyk, Westmoreland Co. 2

4 COMMODITY GROUPS Cotton Incorporated National Peanut Board United Soybean Board USDA/NIFA Extension Integrated Pest Management Virginia Agricultural Council Virginia Cotton Board Virginia Peanut Board Virginia Peanut Growers Association, Inc. Virginia Soybean Board Virginia State Cotton Support Committee INDEPENDENT CROP CONSULTANTS Stan Winslow, Matt Winslow, and Dale Weeks, Tidewater Agronomics, Inc., Camden, NC COOPERATING COMPANIES AMVAC Chemical Corporation, Los Angeles, CA Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE Gowan Company, Yuma, AZ Monsanto Agricultural Company, St. Louis, MO Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Greensboro, NC Valent U.S.A. Corporation, Walnut Creek, CA 3

5 Insect Rating Scales Used in Efficacy Trials and Abbreviations Used in this Publication Thrips injury rating scale for cotton: 0 = no injury 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury 3 = 75% injured leaves, 0-25% buds injured 4 = 90% injured leaves, >25% buds injured 5 = dead plants Thrips injury rating scale for peanut: 0 = no injury 1 = 10% leaves injured 2 = 20% leaves injured 3 = 30% leaves injured 4 = 40% leaves injured 5 = 50% leaves injured + 5% terminal buds injured 6 = 50% leaves injured + 25% terminal buds injured 7 = 50% leaves injured + 50% terminal buds injured 8 = 50% leaves injured + 75% terminal buds injured 9 = 50% leaves injured + 90% terminal buds injured 10 = dead plants Abbreviations used in this publication: 1 st tl: first true leaf ai: active ingredient BC: broadcast BMSB: brown marmorated stink bug cotyl: cotyledon cwt: hundred-weight GC: ground-cracking IF: in-furrow INSE = insecticide PD = planting date RCBD: randomized complete block design SDTR = seed treatment Tidewater AREC: Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center 4

6 Contents Acknowledgments...0 Insect Rating Scales Used in Efficacy Trials and Abbreviations Used in this Publication...4 Climatological Summary of the 2015 Growing Season Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA...7 Soil types, nutrient analyses (ppm), and ph for tests conducted in 2015 Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA....9 Cotton Insect Pest Management Tests and Demonstrations Test: CT15-THP-Dow-1 Thrips efficacy, plant health, and yield performance of cotton seed treatments...11 Test: CT15-THP-Syngenta-1 Efficacy of A20703 alone and in combination with A17960A with and without foliar insecticide oversprays for control of early season insects in cotton...15 Test: CT15-THP-Syngenta-2 Efficacy of selected foliar broadcasts, including Minecto Pro, against thrips in cotton...23 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-1 Evaluation of seed treatments, with and without Velum Total, in cotton...27 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-2 Evaluation of seed treatments in cotton...32 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-3 Evaluation of seed treatments in cotton...36 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-4 Efficacy of selected seed treatments and in-furrow, atplanting insecticides against thrips in cotton...40 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-1 Evaluation of selected foliar-applied insecticides for thrips management in cotton...43 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-2 Evaluation of selected at-planting, liquid in-furrow insecticides, with and without insecticide-treated seed, for thrips management in cotton...45 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-3 Thrips planting date trial...47 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-4 Stink bug planting date trial...52 Test: CT15-SBUG-AMVAC-1 Efficacy of selected insecticides, including Bidrin, against stink bugs in mid to late bloom cotton...56 Test: CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-TAREC Evaluation of multiple mid- to late season insecticide applications for plant bug, stink bug and bollworm...58 Test: CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-Everett Evaluation of multiple mid- to late season insecticide applications for plant bug, stink bug and bollworm...62 Peanut Insect Pest Management Tests and Demonstrations Test: PT15-VPB-1 Evaluation of selected foliar-applied insecticides for thrips management in peanut...70 Test: PT15-VPB-2 Evaluation of Proline and Optimize Lift on at-planting, liquid infurrow insecticides for thrips management in peanut...74 Test: PT15-VPB-3 Evaluation of selected insecticides for thrips management in peanut...78 Test: PT15-THP-DuPont Efficacy of foliar Exirel applications against thrips in peanut...82 Test: PT15-THP-Bayer-1 Efficacy of selected in-furrow, at-planting insecticides, including Velum Total, against thrips in peanut (Test 1 of 2)...86 Test: PT15-THP-Bayer-2 Efficacy of selected in-furrow, at-planting insecticides, including Velum Total, against thrips in peanut (Test 2 of 2)

7 Test: PT15-THP-AMVAC-1 Efficacy of selected insecticides, including Thimet, against thrips in peanut (Test 1 of 2)...92 Test: PT15-THP-AMVAC-2 Efficacy of selected insecticides, including Thimet, against thrips in peanut (Test 2 of 2)...96 Soybean Insect Pest Management Tests and Demonstrations Test: SB15-THP-DuPont-1 Evaluation of selected seed treatments for early-season insect management in soybean Test: SB15-THP-Valent-1 Efficacy of soybean seed treatments against early-season insect pests in soybean Corn earworm survey of field corn in Virginia, Figure 1. Percent of ears infested with corn earworm in July (county and regional averages), and risk to soybean Table 65. Average nightly number of corn earworm moths captured in eastern Virginia black light traps, 2015 season Table 66. Average nightly number of brown marmorated stink bugs (BMSB) captured in eastern Virginia black light traps, 2015 season

8 Climatological Summary of the 2015 Growing Season Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA Weather data in Tables 1 and 2 are from Dr. Hillary Mehl s Peanut Cotton InfoNet station located at the Virginia Tech Tidewater AREC Research Farm, 1045 Hare Road, Suffolk, VA. Table 1. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures ( F) for the 2015 growing season. Day of month May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Avg

9 Table 2. Daily precipitation (inches) for the 2015 growing season Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA. Day of month May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

10 Table 3. Soil types, nutrient analyses (ppm), and ph for tests conducted in 2015 Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA. Field # Crop Soil type(s) P K Ca Mg Zn Mn ph 4 Cotton Eunola, Nansemond 15 Cotton Emporia, Nansemond 26 Cotton Emporia Peanut Uchee, Nansemond 40 Cotton Dragston, Emporia, Eunola 43 Cotton Dragston, Eunola 62B Cotton Dragston, Nansemond, Rains 63B Peanut Emporia, Nansemond 63C Soybean Emporia, Nansemond 64B Cotton Emporia, Nansemond 66 Cotton Nansemond, Emporia, Eunola 67 Peanut Emporia, Nansemond

11 2015 Cotton Insect Pest Management Tests and Demonstrations 10

12 Test: CT15-THP-Dow-1 Thrips efficacy, plant health, and yield performance of cotton seed treatments Protocol: NA15X04005 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 8 Harvest date: October 14 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Roundup WeatherMax 28 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 11

13 Table 4. Thrips injury ratings 1, vigor 2, and phytotoxicity 3, CT15-THP-DOW-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The broadcast application in Treatment 9 was applied on May 22. May 22 (1 st true leaf, pushing to 2 # Material leaves) May 28 Jun 5 Jun 11 1 BT COTTON a a a a 2 BT COTTON b b b b 3 BT COTTON cd c c c 4 BT COTTON cd cde d def 5 BT COTTON c c ef cd 6 BT COTTON de cde f def 7 BT COTTON de cde f fg 8 BT COTTON e e f g 9 BT COTTON cd de e ef Orthene 6 oz/a (BC) 10 BT COTTON de cd f de LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 Vigor ratings were 100% for all plots on May 28 and therefore data are not shown. 3 No phytotoxicity was observed on May 28 and therefore data are not shown. 12

14 Table 5. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, CT15-THP-DOW-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The broadcast application in Treatment 9 was applied on May 22. May 19 May 26 Jun 1 Jun 9 # Material Immature Adult Immature Adult Immature Adult Immature Adult 1 BT COTTON 0.8 b a a b-e BT COTTON 2.0 a a b cde BT COTTON 0.0 b ab b abc BT COTTON 0.0 b b b ab BT COTTON 0.3 b b b a BT COTTON 0.0 b b b b-e BT COTTON 0.3 b b b de BT COTTON 0.5 b b b a-e BT COTTON 0.3 b b b e 11.5 Orthene 6 oz/a (BC) 10 BT COTTON 0.3 b b b a-d 16.0 LSD 1.17 NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 13

15 Table 6. Plant height 1, stand counts 2, and yield 3, CT15-THP-DOW-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The broadcast application in Treatment 9 was applied on May 22. Height (cm) Plants/35 row ft # Material May 19 May 26 May 21 May 28 Lint lb/acre 1 BT COTTON 6.00 ab c 89.5 c BT COTTON 6.50 a bc 92.0 bc BT COTTON 6.18 ab ab 98.5 ab BT COTTON 6.05 ab a a BT COTTON 5.53 b a a BT COTTON 5.68 b ab 99.3 ab BT COTTON 5.53 b ab ab BT COTTON 5.90 ab abc 97.0 abc BT COTTON 5.65 b ab 99.0 ab Orthene 6 oz/a (BC) 10 BT COTTON 5.83 ab a a LSD NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling five plants per plot. 2 Based on counting all plants in row 1 of each plot. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 14. Gross yields were reduced by 55.94% to account for seed and trash. 14

16 Test: CT15-THP-Syngenta-1 Efficacy of A20703 alone and in combination with A17960A with and without foliar insecticide oversprays for control of early season insects in cotton Protocol: UAB103A2-2015US Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: PHY 333 WRF Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 8 Harvest date: October 19 Detailed treatment list: Trt Treatment Form Form Rate Other Other Appl No. Type Name Conc Type Rate Unit Rate Rate Unit Description 1 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed 2 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed SDTR A FS mg ai/seed 3 SDTR STP FS 2.35 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS g ai/100 kg SDTR A FS g ai/100 kg SDTR A FS 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS 9 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS mg ai/seed SDTR STP SC mg ai/seed 4 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed SDTR A FS mg ai/seed SDTR A FS 0.2 mg ai/seed 5 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) 6 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed SDTR A FS mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) 7 SDTR STP FS 2.35 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS g ai/100 kg SDTR A FS g ai/100 kg SDTR A FS 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS 9 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS mg ai/seed 15

17 SDTR STP SC mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) 8 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed SDTR A FS mg ai/seed SDTR A FS 0.2 mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) 9 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 2-3 true leaf (May 29) 10 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed SDTR A FS mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 2-3 true leaf (May 29) 11 SDTR STP FS 2.35 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS g ai/100 kg SDTR A FS g ai/100 kg SDTR A FS 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS 9 g ai/100 kg SDTR STP FS mg ai/seed SDTR STP SC mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 2-3 true leaf (May 29) 12 SDTR Apron XL 3 LS 350 LS 7.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Maxim 4 FS 480 FS 2.5 g ai/100 kg SDTR Systhane 40 WP 40 WP 21 g ai/100 kg SDTR Dynasty CST 125 FS 125 FS 0.03 mg ai/seed SDTR A FS mg ai/seed SDTR A FS 0.2 mg ai/seed INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 1st true leaf (May 22) INSE Orthene 97 SP 97 SP 370 g ai/ha 6 fl oz/a BC at 2-3 true leaf (May 29) Treatment application: Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 16

18 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Roundup WeatherMax 28 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A Table 7. Thrips injury ratings 1 and vigor 2, CT15-THP-Syngenta-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The 1 st true leaf Orthene applications were broadcast on May 22; the 2-3 true leaf broadcasts were on May 29. Seed Orthene 6 oz/a treatment # application timing May 28 Jun 5 Jun a 4.00 a a cd de b d e de c d c 5 BC at 1 st true leaf b b b 6 BC at 1 st true leaf e gh cd 7 BC at 1 st true leaf f h de 8 BC at 1 st true leaf d fg de 9 BC at 1 st true leaf b c b BC at 2-3 true leaf 10 BC at 1 st true leaf cd ef de BC at 2-3 true leaf 11 BC at 1 st true leaf d fg de BC at 2-3 true leaf 12 BC at 1 st true leaf ef gh e BC at 2-3 true leaf LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 Vigor ratings were 100% for all plots on May 28 and therefore data are not shown. 17

19 Table 8. Mean number of thrips, aphids, and mites per 5 plants, CT15-THP-Syngenta-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The 1 st true leaf Orthene applications were broadcast on May 22; the 2-3 true leaf broadcasts were on May 29. Seed Orthene 6 oz/a May 21 treatment # application timing Immature thrips Adult thrips Aphids Mites a 7.3 abc b 2.3 d b 3.8 cd b 3.5 d BC at 1 st true leaf 9.8 a 8.8 a BC at 1 st true leaf 0.3 b 1.8 d BC at 1 st true leaf 0.5 b 4.5 bcd BC at 1 st true leaf 0.8 b 4.3 bcd BC at 1 st true leaf 7.3 a 7.8 ab BC at 2-3 true leaf 10 BC at 1 st true leaf 0.8 b 2.5 d BC at 2-3 true leaf 11 BC at 1 st true leaf 0.0 b 2.3 d BC at 2-3 true leaf 12 BC at 1 st true leaf 0.5 b 3.8 cd BC at 2-3 true leaf LSD NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 18

20 Table 8 (continued). Seed Orthene 6 oz/a May 28 treatment # application timing Immature thrips Adult thrips Aphids Mites a c c c BC at 1 st true leaf 14.5 bc BC at 1 st true leaf 4.0 c BC at 1 st true leaf 1.8 c BC at 1 st true leaf 4.3 c BC at 1 st true leaf 24.5 ab BC at 2-3 true leaf 10 BC at 1 st true leaf 3.3 c BC at 2-3 true leaf 11 BC at 1 st true leaf 2.3 c BC at 2-3 true leaf 12 BC at 1 st true leaf 3.0 c BC at 2-3 true leaf LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 19

21 Table 8 (continued). Seed Orthene 6 oz/a Jun 5 treatment # application timing Immature thrips Adult thrips Aphids Mites a a b b BC at 1 st true leaf 15.8 b BC at 1 st true leaf 18.0 b BC at 1 st true leaf 16.8 b BC at 1 st true leaf 13.8 b BC at 1 st true leaf 18.3 b BC at 2-3 true leaf 10 BC at 1 st true leaf 18.3 b BC at 2-3 true leaf 11 BC at 1 st true leaf 19.8 b BC at 2-3 true leaf 12 BC at 1 st true leaf 18.5 b BC at 2-3 true leaf LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 20

22 Table 8 (continued). Seed Orthene 6 oz/a Jun 11 treatment # application timing Immature thrips Adult thrips Aphids Mites BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 2-3 true leaf 10 BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 2-3 true leaf 11 BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 2-3 true leaf 12 BC at 1 st true leaf BC at 2-3 true leaf LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 21

23 Table 9. Stand counts 1, earliness assessment 2, and yield 3, CT15-THP-Syngenta-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The 1 st true leaf Orthene applications were broadcast on May 22; the 2-3 true leaf broadcasts were on May 29. Nodes above open Seed Plants/35 row ft bolls treatment Orthene 6 oz/a # application timing May 21 Jun 1 Sep 17 Lint lb/acre abc d a-d d d ab cd a-c 5 BC at 1 st true leaf a ab 6 BC at 1 st true leaf abc b-d 7 BC at 1 st true leaf abc a 8 BC at 1 st true leaf bcd cd 9 BC at 1 st true leaf ab a BC at 2-3 true leaf 10 BC at 1 st true leaf abc a-d BC at 2-3 true leaf 11 BC at 1 st true leaf abc a-d BC at 2-3 true leaf 12 BC at 1 st true leaf abc a-c BC at 2-3 true leaf LSD NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all plants in row 1 of each plot. 2 Based on sampling 5 plants per plot for the number of nodes above open bolls. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 19. Gross yields were reduced by 54.48% to account for seed and trash. 22

24 Test: CT15-THP-Syngenta-2 Efficacy of selected foliar broadcasts, including Minecto Pro, against thrips in cotton Protocol: ICL 100A4-2015US Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: PHY 499 WRF (fungicide-only) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 4 Harvest date: October 20 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Roundup WeatherMax 28 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 23

25 Table 10. Thrips injury ratings 1 and yield 2, CT15-THP-SYNGENTA-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Early bud applications were broadcast on May 18, with the 7-10 DAT application on May 26. Thrips injury rating # Material Rate and application timing May 22 (2 true leaf stage) May 28 Jun 2 Jun 11 Lint lb/acre 1 Untreated a a a 4.00 a Minecto Pro 8 oz/a (BC at early bud) b cd c c Induce 0.25% v/v (BC at early bud) Minecto Pro 8 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at 7-10 DAT) 3 Minecto Pro 10 oz/a (BC at early bud) bc d c d Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at early bud) Minecto Pro 10 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at 7-10 DAT) 4 Minecto Pro 12 oz/a (BC at early bud) bc e d d Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at early bud) Minecto Pro 12 (BC at 7-10 DAT) Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at 7-10 DAT) 5 Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at early bud) c b b b Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) 6 Radiant 2 oz/a (BC at early bud) bc c b c Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at early bud) Radiant 2 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) Induce 0.25 (BC at 7-10 DAT) LSD NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 Cotton was harvested on October 20. Gross yields were reduced by 55.86% to account for seed and trash. 24

26 Table 11. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, collected pre-treatment from each replicate, CT15-THP- SYNGENTA-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Date and plant growth stage Immatures Adults May 18 (cotyledon)

27 Table 12. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, CT15-THP-SYNGENTA-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Early bud applications were broadcast on May 18, with the 7-10 DAT application on May 26. May 26 Jun 1 Jun 9 # Material Rate and application timing Immature Adult Immature Adult Immature Adult 1 Untreated a ab Minecto Pro 8 oz/a (BC at early bud) bc cd 30.0 Induce Minecto Pro Induce 0.25% v/v (BC at early bud) 8 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) 0.25 % v/v (BC at 7-10 DAT) 3 Minecto Pro 10 oz/a (BC at early bud) c bc 21.3 Induce Minecto Pro Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at early bud) 10 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) 0.25 % v/v (BC at 7-10 DAT) 4 Minecto Pro 12 oz/a (BC at early bud) c d 30.0 Induce Minecto Pro Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at early bud) 12 (BC at 7-10 DAT) 0.25 % v/v (BC at 7-10 DAT) 5 Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at early bud) ab a 32.3 Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) 6 Radiant 2 oz/a (BC at early bud) bc bcd 30.3 Induce Radiant Induce 0.25 % v/v (BC at early bud) 2 oz/a (BC at 7-10 DAT) 0.25 (BC at 7-10 DAT) LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 26

28 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-1 Evaluation of seed treatments, with and without Velum Total, in cotton Protocol: SP15USANGA Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: ST 4747 GLB2 Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 15, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 1 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 6 Harvest date: October 14 Detailed treatment list: Trt Treatment Form Rate Appl No. Type Name Type Rate Unit Description 1 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 2 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC INSE VELUM TOTAL SC 14 oz/a Liquid IF SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 3 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 4 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR AERIS SEED APPLIED SYSTEM FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS 27

29 SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 5 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR AERIS SEED APPLIED SYSTEM FS SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 6 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR PONCHO VOTIVO 2ND GEN. FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 7 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR PONCHO VOTIVO 2ND GEN. FS SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS 8 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS INSE VELUM TOTAL SC 14 oz/a Liquid IF 9 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR AERIS SEED APPLIED SYSTEM FS SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS INSE VELUM TOTAL SC 14 oz/a Liquid IF 10 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE WP SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT WP 28

30 SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE FS SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT FS SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS FS SDTR SPERA FS SDTR PROLINE 480 SC SC SDTR PONCHO VOTIVO 2ND GEN. FS SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS FS SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS 661 FS SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL FS SDTR EVERGOL PRIME FS INSE VELUM TOTAL SC 14 oz/a Liquid IF Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 51 GPA: 5 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Units/A 9. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 10. Jul Units/A 11. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 12. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Induce % V/V 15. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 16. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 17. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 18. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 19. Oct Folex 12 FL OZ/A 20. Oct Aim 1 FL OZ/A 29

31 Table 13. Thrips injury ratings 1, CT15-THP-BAYER-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Seed treatment # Velum 14 oz/a May 22 (2 true leaf stage) May 28 Jun 5 Jun a a a 2 Liquid IF c c d bc b bc bc c bc b b ab bc b c b b ab 8 Liquid IF c c d 9 Liquid IF c c d 10 Liquid IF c c d LSD NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 30

32 Table 14. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, collected from Treatment 1, CT15-THP-Bayer-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Tobacco (Frankliniella fusca) Western (Frankliniella occidentalis) Eastern (Frankliniella tritici) Adult thrips` Soybean (Neohydatothrips variabilis) Date and plant Immature Onion (Thrips growth stage thrips tabaci) May 18 (cotyledon) May Jun Jun Total adult thrips Table 15. Plant height 1, stand counts 2, date of first bloom, and yield 3, CT15-THP-BAYER-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Velum Total Plant height (cm) Plants/35 row ft Date of first Seed treatment 14 oz/a May 26 May 28 Jun 16 bloom Lint lb/acre c July Liquid IF a July a July ab July bc July ab July a July Liquid IF a July Liquid IF ab July Liquid IF a July LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling 5 plants per plot. 2 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 14. Gross yields were reduced by 58.14% to account for seed and trash. 31

33 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-2 Evaluation of seed treatments in cotton Protocol: SP15USANGB Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: ST 4747 GLB2 Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 4 Harvest date: October 20 Detailed treatment list: Trt Treatment Rate No. Type Name Rate Unit 1 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500 g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25 g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2 ml/100 kg SDTR SPERA 54.8 ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9 ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5 g ai/100 kg 2 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500 g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25 g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2 ml/100 kg SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8 ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9 ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5 g ai/100 kg 3 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500 g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25 g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2 ml/100 kg SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8 ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR PONCHO VOTIVO 2ND GEN mg ai/seed SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9 ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5 g ai/100 kg 4 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500 g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25 g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2 ml/100 kg SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8 ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR PONCHO VOTIVO 2ND GEN mg ai/seed SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS 0.2 mg ai/seed SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9 ml/100 kg 32

34 SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5 g ai/100 kg 5 SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500 g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25 g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2 ml/100 kg SDTR SPERA 54.8 ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5 g ai/100 kg SDTR AVICTA COMPLETE PAK - CRUISER mg ai/seed SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9 ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5 g ai/100 kg Treatment application: none Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Roundup WeatherMax 28 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 33

35 Table 16. Thrips injury ratings 1 and vigor 2, CT15-THP-BAYER-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, May 22 Seed treatment # (2 true leaf stage) May 28 Jun 5 Jun a a a a b c c c c c c c c c c c c b b b LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 There was no difference in vigor on May 28, 2015 and therefore data are not shown. 34

36 Table 17. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, collected from Treatment 1, CT15-THP-Bayer-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Tobacco (Frankliniella fusca) Western (Frankliniella occidentalis) Eastern (Frankliniella tritici) Adult thrips` Soybean (Neohydatothrips variabilis) Date and plant Immature Onion Total adult (Thrips growth stage thrips tabaci) thrips May (cotyledon) May Jun Jun Table 18. Plant height 1, stand counts 2, date of first bloom, and yield 3, CT15-THP-BAYER-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Plant height (cm) Plants/35 row ft Date of first Seed treatment # May 26 May 28 Jun 16 bloom Lint lb/acre b July b a July a ab July a a July a a July a LSD NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling 5 plants per plot. 2 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 20. Gross yields were reduced by 58.21% to account for seed and trash. 35

37 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-3 Evaluation of seed treatments in cotton Protocol: SP15USANGC Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: ST 4747 GLB2 Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 4 Harvest date: October 20 Detailed treatment list: Trt Treatment Rate No. Type Name Rate Unit 1SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE 130.4ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2ml/100 kg SDTR SPERA 54.8ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5g ai/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9ml/100 kg 2SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE 130.4ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2ml/100 kg SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS 0.375mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5g ai/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9ml/100 kg 3SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE 130.4ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2ml/100 kg SDTR AERIS SEED APPLIED SYSTEM 0.75mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5g ai/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9ml/100 kg 4SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE 130.4ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2ml/100 kg SDTR AERIS SEED APPLIED SYSTEM 0.75mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5g ai/100 kg SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS 0.2mg ai/seed SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9ml/100 kg 5SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500g/100 kg 36

38 SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE 130.4ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2ml/100 kg SDTR GAUCHO 600 FS 0.375mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5g ai/100 kg SDTR FLUOPYRAM 600 FS 0.25mg ai/seed SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5g ai/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9ml/100 kg 6SDTR CALCIUM CARBONATE 500g/100 kg SDTR SUSPENDING AGENT 25g/100 kg SDTR COLOR COAT WHITE 130.4ml/100 kg SDTR PRO-IZED BLUE COLORANT 65.2ml/100 kg SDTR AVICTA COMPLETE PAK - CRUISER 0.375mg ai/seed SDTR SPERA 54.8ml/100 kg SDTR PROLINE 480 SC 5g ai/100 kg SDTR SECURE PLUS SEED GLOSS ml/100 kg SDTR EVERGOL PRIME 5g ai/100 kg SDTR ALLEGIANCE FL 48.9ml/100 kg Treatment application: none Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Roundup WeatherMax 28 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 37

39 Table 19. Thrips injury ratings 1 and vigor 2, CT15-THP-BAYER-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, May 22 Seed treatment # (2 true leaf stage) May 28 Jun 5 Jun a a a a b c d c b c c d b c d d b c c d b b b b LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 There was no difference in vigor on May 28, 2015 and therefore data are not shown. 38

40 Table 20. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, collected from Treatment 1, CT15-THP-Bayer-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Tobacco (Frankliniella fusca) Western (Frankliniella occidentalis) Eastern (Frankliniella tritici) Adult thrips` Soybean (Neohydatothrips variabilis) Date and plant Immature Onion (Thrips growth stage thrips tabaci) May 18 (cotyledon) Total adult thrips May Jun Jun Table 21. Stand counts 1, plant heights 2, date of first bloom, and yield 3, CT15-THP-BAYER-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Plant height Plants/35 row ft (cm) Date of first Seed treatment # May 28 Jun 16 Jun 2 bloom Lint lb/acre July July July July July July LSD NS NS NS --- NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on sampling 5 plants per plot. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 20. Gross yields were reduced by 57.44% to account for seed and trash. 39

41 Test: CT15-THP-Bayer-4 Efficacy of selected seed treatments and in-furrow, at-planting insecticides against thrips in cotton Protocol: IP15USASK1 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: ST 4946 GLB2 Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 4 Harvest date: October 20 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 51 GPA: 5 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Roundup WeatherMax 28 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A Comment: All seed received a base treatment (per 100 kg seed) of the following: calcium 500 g; suspending 25 g; color coat ml; Pro-ized blue 65.2 ml; 54.8 ml; Proline 5 g; Secure Plus Seed Gloss 652 ml; Evergol 5 g; and Allegiance 48.9 ml. 40

42 Table 22. Thrips injury ratings 1, CT15-THP-BAYER-4. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, # Material Rate and application technique May 22 (2 true leaf stage) May 28 Jun 5 Jun 11 1 Base a a a a 2 Aeris Seed Applied System b b b b 3 Aeris Seed Applied System c c d c Admire Pro 9 oz/a (liquid IF) 4 Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) c c c d 5 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) c c d d 6 Aeris Seed Applied System c c d d Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 41

43 Table 23. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, collected from Treatment 1, CT15-THP-Bayer-4. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Western (Frankliniella occidentalis) Eastern (Frankliniella tritici) Adult thrips` Soybean (Neohydatothrips variabilis) Date and plant Immature Tobacco Onion (Thrips growth stage thrips (Frankliniella fusca) tabaci) May 18 (cotyledon) Total adult thrips May Jun Jun Table 24. Stand counts 1, nodes above white flower (NAWF) 2, and yield 3, CT15-THP-Bayer-4. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Rate and application Plants/35 row ft NAWF # Material technique May 21 May 22 Jul 29 Lint lb/acre 1 Base b 2 Aeris Seed Applied System a 3 Aeris Seed Applied System a Admire Pro 9 oz/a (liquid IF) 4 Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) a 5 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) a 6 Aeris Seed Applied System a Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all living plants per row (two 35-ft rows were sampled per plot). 2 Based on sampling 5 plants per plot. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 20. Gross yields were reduced by 58.2% to account for seed and trash. 42

44 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-1 Evaluation of selected foliar-applied insecticides for thrips management in cotton Protocol: Virginia Cotton Board Objective 1 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: ST 4747 GLB2 (Aeris-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 66, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 1 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 5 Harvest date: October 14 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Units/A 9. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 10. Jul Units/A 11. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 12. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Induce % V/V 15. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 16. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 17. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 18. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 43

45 Table 25. Thrips injury ratings 1 and yield 2, CT15-THP-VCB-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, All treatments were broadcast at first true leaf stage on May 22. Thrips injury rating # Material(s) Rate(s) May 28 Jun 2 Jun 11 Lint lb/acre 1 Radiant 1SC 1.5 oz/a b a a Induce 0.25% v/v 2 Radiant 1SC 3.0 oz/a bc c bcd Induce 0.25% v/v 3 Orthene 97 6 oz/a b b b Orthene 97 8 oz/a cd c bcd Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a cd c d Exirel 10SE 20.5 oz/a d bc bcd Minecto Pro 8 oz/a cd bc bc Induce 0.25% v/v 8 Minecto Pro 12 oz/a cd c cd Induce 0.25% v/v 9 Untreated a a a LSD NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 Cotton was harvested on October 14. Gross yields were reduced by 58.47% to account for seed and trash. 44

46 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-2 Evaluation of selected at-planting, liquid in-furrow insecticides, with and without insecticide-treated seed, for thrips management in cotton Protocol: Virginia Cotton Board Objective 2 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: ST 4747 GLB2 (Aeris-treated or base-only) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 4, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 24 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 5 Harvest date: October 20 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 51 GPA: 5 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Cotoran 4L 1 QT/A 6. May Prowl 1 PT/A 7. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 9. Jun Units/A 10. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 11. Jul Units/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Induce % V/V 16. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 17. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 18. Aug Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 19. Sep FreeFall 3 FL OZ/A 20. Sep Finish 6 1 QT/A 45

47 Table 26. Thrips injury ratings 1 and yield 2, CT15-THP-VCB-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Thrips injury rating # Material Rate and application technique May 22 (2 true leaf stage) May 28 Jun 2 Jun 11 Lint lb/acre 1 Velum Total 15.7 oz/a (liquid IF) 0.50 b 0.50 b c c Aeris b 0.50 b c c Velum Total 15.7 oz/a (liquid IF) 3 Velum Total 19.5 oz/a (liquid IF) 0.50 b 0.50 b c d Aeris b 0.50 b c c Velum Total 19.5 oz/a (liquid IF) 5 Admire Pro 7.4 oz/a (liquid IF) 0.50 b 0.50 b b c Aeris b 0.50 b c b Admire Pro 7.4 oz/a (liquid IF) 7 Admire Pro 9.2 oz/a (liquid IF) 0.50 b 0.50 b c bc Aeris b 0.50 b c c Admire Pro 9.2 oz/a (liquid IF) 9 Untreated a 3.75 a a a LSD NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 Cotton was harvested on October 20. Gross yields were reduced by 54.61% to account for seed and trash. 46

48 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-3 Thrips planting date trial Protocol: Virginia Cotton Board Objective 3 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: PHY 499 WRF (Aeris-treated or base-only) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 64B, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 23, May 5, or May 25 (early, mid, and late planting) Experimental design: Split-plot (main plot = planting date, sub-plot = insecticide program) Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: April 24 (early planting), May 6 (mid planting), and May 27 (late planting) Harvest date: October 26 (early and mid planting) and December 9 (late planting) Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 51 GPA: 5 Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Description Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime PD 1, 2, LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D PD 1, 2, PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax PD 1, 2, 3 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr PD 1, 2, LB/A 5. May Roundup WeatherMax PD 1, 2, 3 26 FL OZ/A 6. Jun Touchdown PD 1, 2, 3 28 FL OZ/A 7. Jul PD 1, 2, 3 40 Units/A 8. Jul Boron PD 1, 2, 3 1 QT/A 9. Aug Besiege PD 1, 2, FL OZ/A 10. Aug Roundup WeatherMax PD 1, 2, 3 28 FL OZ/A 11. Apr Acumen PD PT/A 12. Apr Cotoran 4L PD 1 1 QT/A 13. May Prowl PD 2 1 PT/A 14. May Cotoran 4L PD 2 1 QT/A 15. May Prowl PD 3 1 PT/A 16. May Cotoran 4L PD 3 1 QT/A 17. Jun PD 1, 2 40 Units/A 18. Jun Boron PD 1, 2 1 QT/A 19. Jul Pentia PD 1, 2 12 FL OZ/A 20. Jul Touchdown PD 1, 2 26 FL OZ/A 21. Jul Induce PD 1, % V/V 22. Jul Bifenthrin PD 1, FL OZ/A 23. Oct Finish PD 1, 2 1 QT/A 24. Oct Freefall PD 1, 2 2 FL OZ/A 25. Oct Folex PD 1, 2 10 FL OZ/A Comment: Full input = Aeris-treated seed, Admire 8.5 oz/a (liquid IF), and Orthene 97 47

49 @ 6 oz/a (BC 1st true leaf on May 14 [early], May 22 [mid], and June 12 [late]) Middle input = Aeris-treated seed and Orthene 6 oz/a (BC 1st true leaf on May 14 [early], May 22 [mid], and June 12 [late]) Low input = Aeris-treated seed PD = Planting Date. PD 3 was not defoliated. 48

50 Table 27. Thrips injury ratings 1, CT15-THP-VCB-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, # Planting date Insecticide program May 22 2 May 28 Jun 2 Jun 11 Jun 17 Jun 25 1 Early Full input d f e j.. 2 Early Middle input b e d i.. 3 Early Low input b d c h.. 4 Early Untreated a a a c.. 5 Mid Full input c f e j.. 6 Mid Middle input b c bc g.. 7 Mid Low input b c b e.. 8 Mid Untreated a b a a.. 9 Late Full input i d d 10 Late Middle input f 1.25 c c 11 Late Low input d b b 12 Late Untreated b a a LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 = no injury and 5 = dead plants. 2 Early planting was at 2 true leaf stage; mid planting was at 1 true leaf stage, pushing to 2 leaves. 49

51 Table 28. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, CT15-THP-VCB-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Plant May 14 May 18 May 26 Jun 1 Jun 8 Jun 17 Jun 22 # -ing date Insecticide program Imma ture Adult Imma ture Adult Imma ture Adult Imma ture Adult Imma ture Adult Imma ture Adult Imma ture Adult 4 Early Untreated a b a Mid Untreated b a a Late Untreated b LSD NS NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 50

52 Table 29. Stand counts 1 and yield, CT15-THP-VCB-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Plants/35 row ft # Planting date Insecticide program May 19 May 28 Jun 18 Lint lb/acre 2 1 Early Full input 78.9 b a-c 2 Early Middle input 79.4 b a 3 Early Low input 80.0 b a 4 Early Untreated 91.9 a ab 5 Mid Full input c 6 Mid Middle input c 7 Mid Low input bc 8 Mid Untreated bc 9 Late Full input ab 1417 d 10 Late Middle input b 1237 d 11 Late Low input b 1393 d 12 Late Untreated a 1183 d LSD 6.15 NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all living plants per row (two 35-ft rows were sampled per plot). Early, mid, and late planting dates were April 24, May 6, and May Cotton was harvested on October 26 (early and mid-planting), and December 9 (late planting). Gross yields were reduced by 48.25% (early planting), 56.88% (mid planting), and 55.85% (late planting) to account for seed and trash. 51

53 Test: CT15-THP-VCB-4 Stink bug planting date trial Protocol: Virginia Cotton Board Objective 4 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: PHY 499 WRF (Aeris-treated) and ST 4946 GLB2 (Aeris-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 64B, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 23, May 5, or May 25 (early, mid, and late planting) Experimental design: Split-split-plot (main plot = planting date, sub-plot = insecticide, sub-sub plot = variety) Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: April 24 (early planting), May 6 (mid planting), and May 27 (late planting) Harvest date: October 26 (early and mid planting) and December 9 (late planting) Treatment application: Broadcast w/ Spider Spray Trac Nozzle type: 8002TJ Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 38 GPA: Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Description Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime PD 1, 2, LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D PD 1, 2, PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax PD 1, 2, 3 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr PD 1, 2, LB/A 5. May Roundup WeatherMax PD 1, 2, 3 26 FL OZ/A 6. Jun Touchdown PD 1, 2, 3 28 FL OZ/A 7. Jul PD 1, 2, 3 40 Units/A 8. Jul Boron PD 1, 2, 3 1 QT/A 9. Aug Prevathon PD 1, 2, 3 14 FL OZ/A 10. Aug Roundup WeatherMax PD 1, 2, 3 28 FL OZ/A 11. Apr Acumen PD PT/A 12. Apr Cotoran 4L PD 1 1 QT/A 13. May Prowl PD 2 1 PT/A 14. May Cotoran 4L PD 2 1 QT/A 15. May Prowl PD 3 1 PT/A 16. May Cotoran 4L PD 3 1 QT/A 17. May Orthene 97 PD 1, 2 6 OZ WT/A 18. Jun PD 1, 2 40 Units/A 19. Jun Boron PD 1, 2 1 QT/A 20. Jul Pentia PD 1, 2 12 FL OZ/A 21. Jul Touchdown PD 1, 2 26 FL OZ/A 22. Jul Induce PD 1, % V/V 23. Jul Pentia PD 1, 2 12 FL OZ/A 24. Oct Finish PD 1, 2 1 QT/A 25. Oct Freefall PD 1, 2 2 FL OZ/A 26. Oct Folex PD 1, 2 10 FL OZ/A 27. Jun Orthene 97 PD 3 10 OZ WT/A 52

54 28. Jul Pentia PD 3 10 FL OZ/A 29. Jul Roundup WeatherMax PD 3 28 FL OZ/A 30. Jul PD 3 40 Units/A 31. Jul Boron PD 3 1 QT/A Comment: Bifenthrin 6.4 oz/a was applied on the following dates: Traditional, Early and Mid plantings--july 21 and July 30 Extra, Early and Mid plantings July 21, July 30, August 6, August 12 Traditional, Late planting August 10 and August 17 Extra, Late planting August 10, August 17, and September 1 PD = Planting Date. PD 3 was not defoliated. 53

55 Table 30. Pre-treatment beat cloth counts of plant bug nymphs, square retention, dirty blooms, and internal boll damage, CT15-SBUG-VCB-4. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Bloom began on July 6 in the early and mid-planting dates, and on July 29 in the late planting date. Plant bug Planting Insecticide nymphs per sample 1 % Square retention 2 % Dirty blooms 3 Internal boll damage 4 # date program Variety Jul 15 Jul 20 Jul 20 Aug 10 Jul 20 Aug 10 1 Early Traditional PHY 499 WRF Early Traditional ST 4946 GLB Early Extra PHY 499 WRF Early Extra ST 4946 GLB Early Untreated PHY 499 WRF Early Untreated ST 4946 GLB Mid Traditional PHY 499 WRF Mid Traditional ST 4946 GLB Mid Extra PHY 499 WRF Mid Extra ST 4946 GLB Mid Untreated PHY 499 WRF Mid Untreated ST 4946 GLB Late Traditional PHY 499 WRF ab Late Traditional ST 4946 GLB a Late Extra PHY 499 WRF ab Late Extra ST 4946 GLB b Late Untreated PHY 499 WRF a Late Untreated ST 4946 GLB a LSD NS 7.37 NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 One 28 x 36-in black beat cloth sample was taken per plot. Rows on both sides of the beat cloth were sampled. 2 Square retention based on sampling 5 plants per plot. 3 Dirty blooms based on sampling 10 blooms per plot. 4 Internal boll damage based on sampling ten inch-diameter bolls per plot. 54

56 Table 31. Nodes above white flower, percent internal boll damage and yield, CT15-SBUG-VCB-4. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Bloom began on July 6 in the early and mid-planting dates, and on July 29 in the late planting date. Bifenthrin 6.4 oz/a was applied on the following dates: Traditional, Early and Mid plantings--july 21 and July 30 Extra, Early and Mid plantings July 21, July 30, August 6, August 12 Traditional, Late planting August 10 and August 17 Extra, Late planting August 10, August 17, and September 1 Planting date Nodes above white flower 1 Percent internal boll damage 2 Lint Jul 28 Aug 20 Jul 28 Aug 5 Aug 12 Aug 17 Aug 19 Aug 24 Aug 26 Aug 31 Sep 8 Sep 14 lb/acre 3 Insecticide # program Variety 1 Early Traditional PHY 499 WRF d 10.0 de 12.5 d de c-e a 2 Early Traditional ST 4946 GLB d 10.0 de 15.0 d e c-e c-e 3 Early Extra PHY 499 WRF cd 10.0 de 27.5 b-d de de a 4 Early Extra ST 4946 GLB bc 2.5 e 20.0 cd de b-e bc 5 Early Untreated PHY 499 WRF ab 37.5 bc 55.0 ab ab ab ab 6 Early Untreated ST 4946 GLB a 37.5 bc 45.0 bc cd a-c a 7 Mid Traditional PHY 499 WRF bc 25.0 cd 25.0 cd cd b-e ab 8 Mid Traditional ST 4946 GLB cd 12.5 de 17.5 cd de a-d cd 9 Mid Extra PHY 499 WRF cd 10.0 de 15.0 d e e c-e 10 Mid Extra ST 4946 GLB cd 7.5 de 27.5 b-d e c-e fg 11 Mid Untreated PHY 499 WRF a 62.5 a 75.0 a a a c-e 12 Mid Untreated ST 4946 GLB a 50.0 ab 55.0 ab bc ab c-e 13 Late Traditional PHY 499 WRF. 4.3 a a. 5.0 c. 5.0 b 7.5 c 20.0 bc 1407 c-e 14 Late Traditional ST 4946 GLB ab bc. 0.0 c b 10.0 c 12.5 bc 1299 ef 15 Late Extra PHY 499 WRF. 4.5 a c. 2.5 c. 2.5 b 5.0 c 7.5 c 1310 d-f 16 Late Extra ST 4946 GLB bc c. 2.5 c b 2.5 c 10.0 c 1317 d-f 17 Late Untreated PHY 499 WRF. 3.7 bc ab a a 45.0 a 52.5 a 1104 gh 18 Late Untreated ST 4946 GLB c bc b a 30.0 b 32.5 ab 1049 h LSD NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling 5 plants per plot. 2 Based on sampling ten inch-diameter bolls per plot. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 26 (early and mid-planting), and December 9 (late planting). Gross yields were reduced by 49.41% (PHY 499 WRF early planting), 50.95% (ST 4946 GLB2 early planting), 56.88% (PHY 499 WRF mid planting), 58.98% (ST 4946 GLB2 mid planting), 59.70% (PHY 499 WRF late planting), and 62.49% (ST 4946 GLB2 late planting) to account for seed and trash. 55

57 Test: CT15-SBUG-AMVAC-1 Efficacy of selected insecticides, including Bidrin, against stink bugs in mid to late bloom cotton Protocol: 15C03I003 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: PHY 499 WRF (Aeris-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 26, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 13 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 13 Harvest date: October 26 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ Spider Spray Trac Nozzle type: 8002TJ Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 38 GPA: Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar Lime 1000 LB/A 2. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 3. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 4. Apr LB/A 5. May Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 6. May Orthene 97 6 OZ WT/A 7. Jun Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 8. Jun Units/A 9. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 10. Jul Pentia 12 FL OZ/A 11. Jul Touchdown 26 FL OZ/A 12. Jul Induce % V/V 13. Aug Prevathon 14 FL OZ/A 14. Oct Finish 1 QT/A 15. Oct Freefall 2 FL OZ/A 16. Oct Folex 10 FL OZ/A 56

58 Table 32. Percent internal boll damage and yield, CT15-SBUG-AMVAC-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Date of first bloom was July 9. Insecticide treatments were applied on July 23, July 30, August 6, and August 12. % Internal boll damage 1 # Material Rate Jul 22 Jul 29 Aug 5 Aug 12 Aug 19 Aug 26 Lint lb/acre 2 1 Untreated a 60.0 a 42.5 a Bidrin 8F 8 oz/a c 15.0 cd 22.5 a-c Bidrin 8F 6.4 oz/a cd 17.5 cd 10.0 bc Belay 2.13SC 4 oz/a b 27.5 bc 40.0 ab Induce 0.25% v/v 5 Endigo 2.06EC 6 oz/a bc 37.5 b 0.0 c Brigade 2EC 6.4 oz/a d 7.5 d 10.0 bc LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling ten inch-diameter bolls per plot. 2 Cotton was harvested on October 26. Gross yields were reduced by 56.84% to account for seed and trash. 57

59 Test: CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-TAREC Evaluation of multiple mid- to late season insecticide applications for plant bug, stink bug and bollworm Protocol: Virginia State Cotton Support Committee Objective 3 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: DP 1028 B2RF, ST 5289 GLT, PHY 499 WRF, PHY 495 WR3 (all Aeris-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 43, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 13 Experimental design: Split-plot (main plot = spray program, sub-plot = variety) Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 20 Harvest date: October 30 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ Spider Spray Trac Nozzle type: 8002TJ Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 38 GPA: Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Mar ,4-D 1.5 PT/A 2. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 3. Apr LB/A 4. May Warrant 3 PT/A 5. May Cotoran 1 PT/A 6. Jun Units/A 7. Jun Boron 1 QT/A 8. Jul Roundup WeatherMax 1 QT/A 9. Jul Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 10. Aug Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 11. Aug Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 12. Aug Besiege 12.5 FL OZ/A 13. Aug Bifenthrin 6.4 FL OZ/A 14. Oct Finish 1 QT/A 15. Oct Freefall 2 FL OZ/A 16. Oct Folex 10 FL OZ/A 58

60 Spray Level 1 = Applied mid-july plant bug spray (Admire 1.7 oz/a on July 21) Spray Level 2 = No mid-july plant bug spray 6.4 oz/a was applied to the entire test on July 31, August 6, August 13 (with a tank mix of 12.5 oz/a), and on August 20. Table 33. Percent square retention, number of damaged terminals per 5 terminal sample, date of first bloom, and yield, CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-TAREC. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, % Square retention % Square retention Damaged terminals 2 Date of first # Treatment Jul 1 1 Jul 9 1 Jul 13 bloom Lint lb/acre 3 1 Spray Level Jul 17 1,458 BG2 2 Spray Level Jul ,470 TwinLink 3 Spray Level Jul ,401 WS 4 Spray Level Jul ,470 WS3 5 Spray Level Jul ,414 BG2 6 Spray Level Jul ,504 TwinLink 7 Spray Level Jul ,409 WS 8 Spray Level Jul ,404 WS3 LSD NS NS NS --- NS 1 Pre-treatment square retention counts were based on sampling 10 plants from 50% of plots for squares physically present on the plant and for missing squares. 2 Five terminals per plot were examined for damaged/black squares. 3 Cotton was harvested on October 30. Gross yields were reduced by the following percentages to account for seed and trash: TwinLink = 54.91; BG2 = 55.59; WS = 56.42; WS3 =

61 Table 34. Plant bug counts, CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-TAREC. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Nymphs/beat cloth sample 1 Adults/15 sweep sample 2 # Treatment Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 20 Jul 27 1 Spray Level BG2 2 Spray Level TwinLink 3 Spray Level WS 4 Spray Level WS3 5 Spray Level BG2 6 Spray Level TwinLink 7 Spray Level WS 8 Spray Level WS3 LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 One 28 x 36-in black beat cloth sample was taken per plot for plant bug nymphs. 2 One 15-sweep sample with a 15-in diameter sweep net was taken per plot for plant bug adults. Split-plot and contrast analyses for selected data from Tables Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Sub-plot (B) Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 20 Jul 27 Lint lb/acre BG TwinLink WS WS LSD NS NS NS NS NS P values Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Level Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 20 Jul 27 Lint lb/acre Sub-plot (B) Interaction (A*B) Contrasts Jul 27 1 Level Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Lint lb/acre Treated ,444 Non-treated ,438 Contrast estimate Contrast P-value

62 Table 35. Percent internal boll damage 1, CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-TAREC. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, # Treatment Jul 30/31 Aug 6 Aug 13 Aug 20 Aug 27 Sep 2 1 Spray Level bc BG2 2 Spray Level a TwinLink 3 Spray Level c WS 4 Spray Level bc WS3 5 Spray Level bc BG2 6 Spray Level ab TwinLink 7 Spray Level c WS 8 Spray Level bc WS3 LSD NS NS 7.93 NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling ten inch-diameter bolls per plot. Split-plot and contrast analyses for data from Table 35. % internal boll damage Jul 30/31 Sub-plot (B) BG TwinLink 23.5 WS 34.0 WS LSD NS P values % internal boll damage Level Jul 30/31 Sub-plot (B) Interaction (A*B) Contrasts % internal boll damage Level Jul 30/31 1 Treated 24.4 Non-treated 34.2 Contrast estimate Contrast P-value

63 Test: CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-Everett Evaluation of multiple mid- to late season insecticide applications for plant bug, stink bug and bollworm Protocol: Virginia State Cotton Support Committee Objective 3 Year: 2015 Crop: Cotton Variety: DP 1028 B2RF, ST 5289 GLT, PHY 499 WRF, PHY 495 WR3 (all Aeris-treated) Location: Lewis Everett farm, Southampton Co., VA Experimental design: Split-plot (main plot = spray program, sub-plot = variety) Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 13 Harvest date: November 17 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ Spider Spray Trac Nozzle type: 8002TJ Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 38 GPA: Comment: Level 1. Season long program, 4 sprays = 1) plant bug in mid- July (Admire 1.7 oz/a applied July 16), 2) stink bug in late July 6.4 oz/a applied August 4), 3) bollworm + stink bug in early-mid August 6.4 oz/a and 14 oz/a on August 12), and 4) late season top crop 6.4 oz on September 2). Level 2. 3 spray program = level 1 program except No mid-july plant bug spray. Level 3. 3 spray program = level 1 program except No late season top crop spray. Level 4. 2 spray program = level 1 except No mid-july plant bug spray and No late season top crop spray. Level 5. Untreated control 62

64 Table 36. Percent square retention, number of damaged terminals per 5 terminal sample, and yield, CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-EVERETT (Lewis Everett farm). Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Date of first bloom was July 13 for all plots. % Square retention % Square retention Damaged terminals 2 # Treatment Jun 24 1 Jun 30 1 Jul 8 Lint lb/acre 3 1 Spray Level a BG2 2 Spray Level c TwinLink 3 Spray Level c WS 4 Spray Level c WS3 5 Spray Level ab BG2 6 Spray Level c TwinLink 7 Spray Level bc WS 8 Spray Level c WS3 9 Spray Level ab BG2 10 Spray Level c TwinLink 11 Spray Level c WS 12 Spray Level c WS3 13 Spray Level a BG2 14 Spray Level c TwinLink 15 Spray Level c WS 16 Spray Level c WS3 17 Spray Level a BG2 18 Spray Level c TwinLink 19 Spray Level c WS 20 Spray Level c WS3 LSD NS Pre-treatment square retention counts were based on sampling 10 plants from 50% of plots for squares physically present on the plant and for missing squares. 2 Five terminals per plot were examined for damaged/black squares. 3 Cotton was harvested on November 17. Gross yields were reduced by the following percentages to account for seed and trash: TwinLink = 49.12; BG2 = 46.06; WS = 55.30; WS3 =

65 Table 37. Plant bug counts, CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-EVERETT (Lewis Everett farm). Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Date of first bloom was July 13 for all plots. Nymphs/beat cloth sample 1 Adults/15 sweep sample 2 # Treatment Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 15 Jul 21 1 Spray Level bcd BG2 2 Spray Level cd TwinLink 3 Spray Level cd WS 4 Spray Level cd WS3 5 Spray Level cd BG2 6 Spray Level cd TwinLink 7 Spray Level bcd WS 8 Spray Level bcd WS3 9 Spray Level cd BG2 10 Spray Level d TwinLink 11 Spray Level cd WS 12 Spray Level bcd WS3 13 Spray Level cd BG2 14 Spray Level cd TwinLink 15 Spray Level cd WS 16 Spray Level cd WS3 17 Spray Level bc BG2 18 Spray Level a TwinLink 19 Spray Level ab WS 20 Spray Level bcd WS3 LSD NS 1.95 NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 One 28 x 36-in black beat cloth sample was taken per plot for plant bug nymphs. 2 One 15-sweep sample with a 15-in diameter sweep net was taken per plot for plant bug adults. 64

66 Table 37 (continued). Split-plot analysis. Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Main plot (A) Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 15 Jul 21 Lint lb/acre Spray Level b Spray Level b Spray Level b Spray Level b Spray Level a LSD NS 1.04 NS NS NS Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Sub-plot (B) Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 15 Jul 21 Lint lb/acre BG a TwinLink c WS b WS bc LSD NS NS NS NS 94.8 P values Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Level Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 15 Jul 21 Lint lb/acre Main plot (A) Sub-plot (B) Interaction (A*B) Contrasts Jul 21 1 Level Nymphs/beat cloth sample Adults/15 sweep sample Treated Non-treated Contrast estimate Contrast P-value As of July 21, treated spray levels 1 and 3; non-treated spray levels 2, 4, and 5. 65

67 Table 38. Percent internal boll damage 1, CT15-PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-EVERETT (Lewis Everett farm). Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Date of first bloom was July 13 for all plots. # Treatment Jul 27 Aug 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Sep 10 1 Spray Level ab c 12.5 BG2 2 Spray Level b bc 0.0 TwinLink 3 Spray Level ab c 0.0 WS 4 Spray Level ab bc 0.0 WS3 5 Spray Level b c 0.0 BG2 6 Spray Level b c 6.3 TwinLink 7 Spray Level ab c 25.0 WS 8 Spray Level b c 25.0 WS3 9 Spray Level ab c 6.3 BG2 10 Spray Level ab ab 6.3 TwinLink 11 Spray Level b c 6.3 WS 12 Spray Level a bc 12.5 WS3 13 Spray Level ab c 0.0 BG2 14 Spray Level ab c 12.5 TwinLink 15 Spray Level b bc 0.0 WS 16 Spray Level a c 6.3 WS3 17 Spray Level ab c 12.5 BG2 18 Spray Level ab a 25.0 TwinLink 19 Spray Level a bc 31.3 WS 20 Spray Level ab bc 18.8 WS3 LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on sampling four inch-diameter bolls per plot. 66

68 Table 38 (continued). Split-plot analysis. % internal boll damage Main plot (A) Jul 27 Aug 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Sep 10 Spray Level b b Spray Level b ab Spray Level b b Spray Level ab b Spray Level a a LSD NS NS NS % internal boll damage Sub-plot (B) Jul 27 Aug 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Sep 10 BG TwinLink WS WS LSD NS NS NS NS NS P values % internal boll damage Level Jul 27 Aug 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Sep 10 Main plot (A) Sub-plot (B) Interaction (A*B)

69 Table 39. Percent external boll damage due to feeding by lepidopteran larvae 1, CT15- PBUG/SBUG-VSCSC-3-EVERETT (Lewis Everett farm). Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, # Treatment Aug 17 Aug 24 Aug 31 1 Spray Level BG2 2 Spray Level TwinLink 3 Spray Level WS 4 Spray Level WS3 5 Spray Level BG2 6 Spray Level TwinLink 7 Spray Level WS 8 Spray Level WS3 9 Spray Level BG2 10 Spray Level TwinLink 11 Spray Level WS 12 Spray Level WS3 13 Spray Level BG2 14 Spray Level TwinLink 15 Spray Level WS 16 Spray Level WS3 17 Spray Level BG2 18 Spray Level TwinLink 19 Spray Level WS 20 Spray Level WS3 LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on visual (non-destructive) examination of ten bolls per plot. 68

70 2015 Peanut Insect Pest Management Tests and Demonstrations 69

71 Test: PT15-VPB-1 Evaluation of selected foliar-applied insecticides for thrips management in peanut Protocol: Virginia Peanut Board Objective 1 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (fungicide-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 63B, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 4 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 6 Dig date: October 8 Harvest date: October 15 Treatment application: Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Proline 5.7 FL OZ/A 3. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 4. May Prowl 1 PT/A 5. May Boron 1 QT/A 6. Jun Storm 1.5 PT/A 7. Jun Basagran 1 PT/A 8. Jun Induce % V/V 9. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 10. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 11. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 12. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 14. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 15. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 16. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 17. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 18. Jul Storm 1.5 PT/A 19. Jul Basagran 1.5 PT/A 20. Jul Select Max 1 PT/A 21. Jul Induce 0.25 % V/V 22. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 23. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 24. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 25. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 26. Aug QT/A 27. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 70

72 Table 40. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-VPB-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, At-cracking applications were broadcast on May 22 and May 29. # Material Rate and application method May 29 Jun 5 Jun 12 1 Radiant 1SC 1.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking b bc c and again in 7-10 days) 2 Radiant 1SC 3.0 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking de d d and again in 7-10 days) 3 Orthene oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking ef d e and again in 7-10 days) 4 Orthene oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking f e e and again in 7-10 days) 5 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking c b b and again in 7-10 days) 6 Exirel 10SE 20.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking cd c b and again in 7-10 days) 7 Untreated a a a LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 71

73 Table 41. Mean number of thrips per 10 terminal leaflets, PT15-THP-VPB-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Atcracking applications were broadcast on May 22 and May 29. May 19 May 27 Jun 2 Jun 10 Immature Imma- Imma- Imma- # Material Rate and application timing Adult ture Adult ture Adult ture Adult 1 Radiant 1SC 1.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 2 Radiant 1SC 3.0 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 3 Orthene oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 4 Orthene oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 5 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 6 Exirel 10SE 20.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 7 Untreated LSD NS NS NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 72

74 Table 42. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP-VPB-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, At-cracking applications were broadcast on May 22 and May 29. TSWV hits/70 Plants/35 row ft row ft # Material Rate and application method May 29 Sep 15 Yield (lb/a) 1 Radiant 1SC 1.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 2 Radiant 1SC 3.0 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 3 Orthene oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 4 Orthene oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 5 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 6 Exirel 10SE 20.5 oz/a (broadcast at late ground cracking and again in 7-10 days) 7 Untreated LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all living plants from rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 8 and harvest date = October

75 Test: PT15-VPB-2 Evaluation of Proline and Optimize Lift on at-planting, liquid infurrow insecticides for thrips management in peanut Protocol: Virginia Peanut Board Objective 2 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (fungicide-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 36, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 27 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 4 Dig date: October 8 Harvest date: October 22 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 25 GPA: 5 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 26 FL OZ/A 2. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 3. May Prowl 1 PT/A 4. May Boron 1 QT/A 5. Jun Deer repellent 0.07 % V/V 6. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 7. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 8. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 9. Jun Basagran 1 PT/A 10. Jun Storm 1.5 PT/A 11. Jun Induce % V/V 12. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 14. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 15. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 16. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 17. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 18. Jul Select Max 1 PT/A 19. Jul Induce 0.25 % V/V 20. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 21. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 22. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 23. Aug QT/A 24. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 74

76 Table 43. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-VPB-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Rate (oz/a); all applied as liquid # Material in-furrow May 29 Jun 2 Jun 12 1 Velum Total f e e 2 Admire Pro f e d 3 Verimark e cd c 4 Insecticide-untreated a a a 5 Velum Total f e e Proline Admire Pro f e de Proline Verimark d c c Proline Insecticide-untreated c b b Proline Velum Total f e e Optimize Lift Admire Pro f e de Optimize Lift Verimark de d c Optimize Lift Insecticide-untreated a a ab Optimize Lift Velum Total f e e Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Admire Pro f e e Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Verimark d d c Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Insecticide-untreated b a a Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift 15 LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 75

77 Table 44. Mean number of thrips per 10 terminal leaflets, PT15-THP-VPB-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Rate (oz/a); all applied as liquid May 19 May 27 Jun 2 Jun 10 # Material in-furrow Immature Adult Immature Adult Immature Adult Immature Adult 1 Velum Total de 0.5 de 2.0 b 1.8 bc 3.0 de Admire Pro e 1.0 cde 4.8 b 2.0 b 9.8 b-e Verimark de 1.8 bc 4.0 b 2.3 ab 3.5 de Insecticide-untreated bc 1.0 cde 20.5 a 1.0 bc 18.8 abc Velum Total de 0.8 cde 2.0 b 0.8 bc 4.3 de 1.5 Proline Admire Pro e 1.0 cde 4.8 b 4.0 a 9.0 b-e 1.8 Proline Verimark de 3.0 a 3.5 b 0.5 bc 11.5 b-e 2.5 Proline Insecticide-untreated cd 0.5 de 19.3 a 0.8 bc 18.5 abc 1.8 Proline Velum Total e 0.5 de 1.8 b 2.3 ab 2.5 e 2.3 Optimize Lift Admire Pro e 0.5 de 3.5 b 2.3 ab 6.0 de 0.8 Optimize Lift Verimark de 1.0 cde 4.0 b 1.0 bc 7.8 cde 2.0 Optimize Lift Insecticide-untreated a 1.8 bc 19.8 a 1.5 bc 26.3 a 2.0 Optimize Lift Velum Total e 0.0 e 3.8 b 0.8 bc 4.3 de 1.0 Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Admire Pro e 1.3 bcd 2.3 b 1.0 bc 8.0 b-e 2.7 Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Verimark e 2.3 ab 5.3 b 0.0 c 14.3 bcd 3.3 Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Insecticide-untreated ab 1.5 bcd 17.8 a 2.0 b 19.3 ab 2.0 Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift 15 LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 76

78 Table 45. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP- VPB-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, Rate (oz/a); all applied as liquid infurrow Plants/35 row ft TSWV hits/70 row ft Yield # Material May 20 May 29 Sep 14 (lb/a) 1 Velum Total abc a-d Admire Pro de a Verimark ab ab Insecticide-untreated 82.3 a ef Velum Total a-d ef Proline Admire Pro a-e c-f Proline Verimark a-e c-f Proline Insecticide-untreated 77.6 abc def Proline Velum Total abc abc Optimize Lift Admire Pro cde cde Optimize Lift Verimark abc abc Optimize Lift Insecticide-untreated 70.5 b-e ef Optimize Lift Velum Total a-e def Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Admire Pro cde f Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Verimark e b-e Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift Insecticide-untreated 77.8 abc def Proline 5.7 Optimize Lift 15 LSD NS 6.67 NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 8 and harvest date = October

79 Test: PT15-VPB-3 Evaluation of selected insecticides for thrips management in peanut Protocol: Virginia Peanut Board Objective 3 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (seed provided by Syngenta) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 67, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 1 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 30 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 5 Dig date: October 9 Harvest date: October 21 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 25 GPA: 5 Granular in-furrow Tractor-mounted inverted polypropylene jars with calibrated lid holes Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 3. May Prowl 1 PT/A 4. May Boron 1 QT/A 5. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 6. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 7. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 8. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 9. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 10. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 11. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 12. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Storm 1.5 PT/A 15. Jul Basagran 1.5 PT/A 16. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 17. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 18. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 19. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 20. Aug QT/A 21. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 78

80 Table 46. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-VPB-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground-cracking application was broadcast on May 22. Rate and application # Material timing May 28 Jun 2 Jun 12 1 Verimark 20SC 13.5 oz/a (liquid IF) bc c c 2 Verimark 20SC 20.5 oz/a (liquid IF) c c c 3 Velum Total 14.7 oz/a (liquid IF) d de d 4 Velum Total oz/a (liquid IF) d e f 5 Velum Total 22.2 oz/a (liquid IF) d de g 6 Admire Pro 7.0 oz/a (liquid IF) d d f 7 Admire Pro 8.75 oz/a (liquid IF) d d g 8 Admire Pro 10.5 oz/a (liquid IF) d de h 9 CruiserMaxx Peanuts (seed trt) b b b Orthene oz/a (BC at late GC) 10 Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) d de e 11 Untreated a a a LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 79

81 Table 47. Mean number of thrips per 10 terminal leaflets, PT15-THP-VPB-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground-cracking application was broadcast on May 22. May 21 May 28 Jun 5 Jun 11 Jun 17 Rate and application Immaturture Adult Imma- Imma- Imma- Imma- # Material timing Adult ture Adult ture Adult ture Adult 1 Verimark 20SC 13.5 oz/a (liquid IF) bc c 0.8 d Verimark 20SC 20.5 oz/a (liquid IF) ab c 3.8 bcd Velum Total 14.7 oz/a (liquid IF) c ab 7.3 a Velum Total oz/a (liquid IF) bc c 4.8 ab Velum Total 22.2 oz/a (liquid IF) bc bc 4.8 ab Admire Pro 7.0 oz/a (liquid IF) c bc 2.8 bcd Admire Pro 8.75 oz/a (liquid IF) bc c 4.5 abc Admire Pro 10.5 oz/a (liquid IF) bc bc 3.5 bcd CruiserMaxx Peanuts (seed trt) bc a 1.3 cd Orthene oz/a (BC at late GC) 10 Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) bc c 4.5 abc Untreated a a 1.5 bcd LSD NS 2.63 NS NS NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 80

82 Table 48. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP-VPB-3. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground-cracking application was broadcast on May 22. TSWV Plants/35 row ft hits/60 row ft Yield # Material Rate and application timing May 21 May 29 Sep 16 (lb/a) 1 Verimark 20SC 13.5 oz/a (liquid IF) Verimark 20SC 20.5 oz/a (liquid IF) Velum Total 14.7 oz/a (liquid IF) Velum Total oz/a (liquid IF) Velum Total 22.2 oz/a (liquid IF) Admire Pro 7.0 oz/a (liquid IF) Admire Pro 8.75 oz/a (liquid IF) Admire Pro 10.5 oz/a (liquid IF) CruiserMaxx Peanuts (seed trt) Orthene oz/a (BC at late GC) 10 Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) Untreated LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 9 and harvest date = October

83 Test: PT15-THP-DuPont Efficacy of foliar Exirel applications against thrips in peanut Protocol: US747/15/01 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (fungicide-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 36, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 27 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 4 Dig date: October 8 Harvest date: October 22 Treatment application: Granular in-furrow Tractor-mounted inverted polypropylene jars with calibrated lid holes Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 3. May Prowl 1 PT/A 4. May Boron 1 QT/A 5. Jun Deer repellent 0.07 % V/V 6. Jun Storm 1.5 PT/A 7. Jun Basagran 1 PT/A 8. Jun Induce % V/V 9. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 10. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 11. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 12. Jun Basagran 1 PT/A 13. Jun Storm 1.5 PT/A 14. Jun Induce % V/V 15. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 16. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 17. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 18. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 19. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 20. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 21. Jul Select Max 1 PT/A 22. Jul Induce 0.25 % V/V 23. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 24. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 25. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 26. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 27. Aug QT/A 28. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 82

84 Table 49. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-DUPONT-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The early cracking applications were broadcast on May 18; the 7 DAT applications were on May 26. # Material Rate and application timing May 29 Jun 5 Jun 12 1 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) c c c Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) 2 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) c d cd Exirel 10SE Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) 13.5 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 3 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) b b b Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 4 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) c d d Orthene 97 Orthene oz/a (BC early cracking) 12 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 5 Dynasty PD a a a LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 83

85 Table 50. Mean number of thrips per 10 terminal leaflets, PT15-THP-DUPONT-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The early cracking applications were broadcast on May 18; the 7 DAT applications were on May 26. May 21 1 May 28 2 Jun 5 3 Jun 11 4 Immature Immat- Immat- Immat- # Material Rate and application timing Adult ure Adult ure Adult ure Adult 1 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) b b b 1.8 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) 2 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) b b b 1.8 Exirel 10SE Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) 13.5 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 3 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) ab a a 2.5 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 4 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) b b b 0.8 Orthene 97 Orthene oz/a (BC early cracking) 12 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 5 Dynasty PD a a a 0.8 LSD NS 2.48 NS NS 7.31 NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Species composition on May 21 (all treatments combined) consisted of 94% tobacco thrips 3% Western flower thrips, and 3% onion thrips. 2 Species composition on May 28 (all treatments combined) consisted of 92% tobacco thrips and 8% Western flower thrips. 3 Species composition on June 5 (all treatments combined) consisted of 87.2% tobacco thrips 5.1% Western flower thrips, 5.1% Eastern flower thrips, and 2.6% onion thrips. 4 Species composition on June 11 (all treatments combined) consisted of 96.6% tobacco thrips and 3.4% onion thrips. 84

86 Table 51. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP-DUPONT-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The early cracking applications were broadcast on May 18; the 7 DAT applications were on May 26. TSWV hits/70 Plants/35 row ft row ft # Material Rate and application timing May 20 May 29 Sep 14 Yield (lb/a) 1 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) 2 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) Exirel 10SE Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) 13.5 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 3 Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC early cracking) Exirel 10SE 13.5 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 4 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) Orthene 97 Orthene oz/a (BC early cracking) 12 oz/a (BC 7 DAT) 5 Dynasty PD LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 8 and harvest date = October

87 Test: PT15-THP-Bayer-1 Efficacy of selected in-furrow, at-planting insecticides, including Velum Total, against thrips in peanut (Test 1 of 2) Protocol: IP15USASK2 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (fungicide-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 63B, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 4 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 6 Dig date: October 8 Harvest date: October 15 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 26 GPA: 5 Granular in-furrow Tractor-mounted inverted polypropylene jars with calibrated lid holes Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 3. May Prowl 1 PT/A 4. May Boron 1 QT/A 5. Jun Storm 1.5 PT/A 6. Jun Basagran 1 PT/A 7. Jun Induce % V/V 8. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 9. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 10. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 11. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 12. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 13. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 14. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 15. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 16. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 17. Jul Storm 1.5 PT/A 18. Jul Basagran 1.5 PT/A 19. Jul Select Max 1 PT/A 20. Jul Induce 0.25 % V/V 21. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 22. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 23. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 24. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 25. Aug QT/A 26. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 86

88 Table 52. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-Bayer-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, At-pegging applications were broadcast on June 29. # Material Rate and application timing May 29 Jun 5 Jun 12 1 Dynasty PD a a 2 Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) b e 3 Temik 15G 7 lb/a (granular IF) d e 4 Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) c b 5 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) cd de 6 Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) c c Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 7 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) d e Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 8 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) cd d Proline 5.7 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD (P=1.000) Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 87

89 Table 53. Stand counts 1, mid-june thrips counts from selected treatments 2, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 3, and yield 4, PT15-THP-Bayer-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, At-pegging applications were broadcast on June 29. Rate and application Plants/35 row ft Immature thrips/10 leaflets Adult thrips/10 leaflets TSWV hits/70 row ft Yield # Material timing May 29 Jun 17 Jun 17 Sep 15 (lb/a) 1 Dynasty PD a Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) ab Temik 15G 7 lb/a (granular IF) Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) bc Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) c Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 7 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 8 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) Proline 5.7 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS 1.44 NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all living plants from rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on sampling 10 terminal leaflets per plot. 3 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 4 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 8 and harvest date = October

90 Test: PT15-THP-Bayer-2 Efficacy of selected in-furrow, at-planting insecticides, including Velum Total, against thrips in peanut (Test 2 of 2) Protocol: IP15USASK2 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (fungicide-treated) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 67, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 1 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 30 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 5 Dig date: October 9 Harvest date: October 21 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 26 GPA: 5 Granular in-furrow Tractor-mounted inverted polypropylene jars with calibrated lid holes Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 3. May Prowl 1 PT/A 4. May Boron 1 QT/A 5. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 6. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 7. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 8. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 9. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 10. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 11. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 12. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Storm 1.5 PT/A 15. Jul Basagran 1.5 PT/A 16. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 17. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 18. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 19. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 20. Aug QT/A 21. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 89

91 Table 54. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-Bayer-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, At-pegging applications were broadcast on June 29. # Material Rate and application timing May 29 Jun 5 Jun 12 1 Dynasty PD a a a 2 Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) cd b ef 3 Temik 15G 7 lb/a (granular IF) e c f 4 Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) b d b 5 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) c d de 6 Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) cd d c Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 7 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) de d c Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 8 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) e d cd Proline 5.7 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 90

92 Table 55. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP-Bayer-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, At-pegging applications were broadcast on June 29. TSWV hits/60 row Plants/35 row ft ft Yield # Material Rate and application timing May 21 May 29 Sep 16 (lb/a) 1 Dynasty PD Thimet 20G 5 lb/a (granular IF) Temik 15G 7 lb/a (granular IF) Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) Velum Total 14 oz/a (liquid IF) Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 7 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) Propulse 13.7 oz/a (BC at pegging) 8 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) Proline 5.7 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 9 and harvest date = October

93 Test: PT15-THP-AMVAC-1 Efficacy of selected insecticides, including Thimet, against thrips in peanut (Test 1 of 2) Protocol: 15C18I005 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (seed provided by Syngenta) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 63B, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on May 4 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 35 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 6 Dig date: October 8 Harvest date: October 15 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 26 GPA: 5 Granular in-furrow Tractor-mounted inverted polypropylene jars with calibrated lid holes Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Proline 5.7 FL OZ/A 3. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 4. May Prowl 1 PT/A 5. May Boron 1 QT/A 6. Jun Storm 1.5 PT/A 7. Jun Basagran 1 PT/A 8. Jun Induce % V/V 9. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 10. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 11. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 12. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 13. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 14. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 15. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 16. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 17. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 18. Jul Storm 1.5 PT/A 19. Jul Basagran 1.5 PT/A 20. Jul Select Max 1 PT/A 21. Jul Induce 0.25 % V/V 22. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 23. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 24. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 25. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 26. Aug QT/A 27. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 92

94 Table 56. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-AMVAC-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground cracking application was broadcast on May 22. Rate and application # Material timing May 29 Jun 5 Jun 12 1 Dynasty PD a a a 2 CruiserMaxx Peanuts b b b 3 CruiserMaxx Peanuts c c c Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at late GC) 4 Dynasty PD d d d Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) 5 Dynasty PD d e e Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 93

95 Table 57. Mean number of thrips per 10 terminal leaflets, PT15-THP-AMVAC-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground cracking application was broadcast on May 22. May 20 May 27 Jun 2 Jun 10 Rate and application Immature Imma- Imma- Imma- # Material timing Adult ture Adult ture Adult ture Adult 1 Dynasty PD a ab CruiserMaxx Peanuts a a CruiserMaxx Peanuts b a 6.3 Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at late GC) 4 Dynasty PD b b 6.0 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) 5 Dynasty PD b b 4.0 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 94

96 Table 58. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP-AMVAC-1. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground cracking application was broadcast on May 22. Rate and application Plants/35 row ft TSWV hits/35 row ft TSWV hits/70 row ft # Material timing May 29 Jul 15 Sep 15 Yield (lb/a) 1 Dynasty PD b 2 CruiserMaxx Peanuts b 3 CruiserMaxx Peanuts b Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at late GC) 4 Dynasty PD a Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) 5 Dynasty PD a Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all living plants from row 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 8 and harvest date = October

97 Test: PT15-THP-AMVAC-2 Efficacy of selected insecticides, including Thimet, against thrips in peanut (Test 2 of 2) Protocol: 15C18I005 Year: 2015 Crop: Peanut Variety: Bailey (seed provided by Syngenta) Location: Tidewater AREC, Field 67, Suffolk, VA Field preparation: Rip-strip-till on April 29 Experimental design: Randomized complete block Plot size: 4 rows x 30 long Row spacing: 36 Planting date: May 5 Dig date: October 13 Harvest date: October 21 Treatment application: Liquid in-furrow Nozzle type: microtubing Nozzle spacing: 36 PSI: 26 GPA: 5 Granular in-furrow Tractor-mounted inverted polypropylene jars with calibrated lid holes Broadcast w/ backpack Nozzle type: 8002EVS Nozzle spacing: 18 PSI: 18 GPA: 14.3 Materials applied for plot maintenance: No. Date Product Name Rate Rate unit 1. Apr Roundup WeatherMax 24 FL OZ/A 2. May Proline 5.7 FL OZ/A 3. May Dual Magnum 1.5 PT/A 4. May Prowl 1 PT/A 5. May Boron 1 QT/A 6. Jun Select Max 1 PT/A 7. Jun Induce 0.25 % V/V 8. Jun Landplaster 1200 LB/A 9. Jul Dual Magnum 8 FL OZ/A 10. Jul Intrro 1 QT/A 11. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 12. Jul Boron 1 QT/A 13. Jul Provost 11 FL OZ/A 14. Jul Asana 6 FL OZ/A 15. Jul Storm 1.5 PT/A 16. Jul Basagran 1.5 PT/A 17. Jul Manganese 1 QT/A 18. Aug Omega 1 PT/A 19. Aug Provost 10 FL OZ/A 20. Aug Danitol 8 FL OZ/A 21. Aug QT/A 22. Sep Bravo Weather Stik 1.5 PT/A 96

98 Table 59. Thrips injury ratings 1, PT15-THP-AMVAC-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground cracking application was broadcast on May 22. # Material Rate and application timing May 29 Jun 5 Jun 12 1 Dynasty PD a a a 2 CruiserMaxx Peanuts b b b 3 CruiserMaxx Peanuts b c c Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at late GC) 4 Dynasty PD c d d Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) 5 Dynasty PD d e d Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Thrips injury rated on a 0-10 scale, 0 = no injury and 10 = dead plants. 97

99 Table 60. Mean number of thrips per 10 terminal leaflets, PT15-THP-AMVAC-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground cracking application was broadcast on May 22. May 20 May 27 Jun 2 Jun 10 Rate and application Immature Imma- Imma- Imma- # Material timing Adult ture Adult ture Adult ture Adult 1 Dynasty PD a bc CruiserMaxx Peanuts a ab CruiserMaxx Peanuts b a 0.5 Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at late GC) 4 Dynasty PD b c 2.5 Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) 5 Dynasty PD b bc 2.3 Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 98

100 Table 61. Stand counts 1, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) hits 2, and yield 3, PT15-THP-AMVAC-2. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, The late ground cracking application was broadcast on May 22. Rate and application Plants/35 row ft TSWV hits/30 row ft TSWV hits/60 row ft # Material timing May 29 Jul 15 Sep 16 Yield (lb/a) 1 Dynasty PD CruiserMaxx Peanuts CruiserMaxx Peanuts Orthene 97 6 oz/a (BC at late GC) 4 Dynasty PD Thimet 20G 5.5 oz/1000 row-ft (granular IF) 5 Dynasty PD Velum Total 18 oz/a (liquid IF) LSD NS NS NS NS Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (LSD, P=0.05). 1 Based on counting all living plants from row 2 of each plot. 2 Based on visual inspection of all plants in two rows per plot. 3 Yield based on weight of peanut with moisture content of 7%. Dig date = October 13 and harvest date = October

101 2015 Soybean Insect Pest Management Tests and Demonstrations 100