Two New Invasive Pests in Washington: Spotted Wing Drosophila and Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

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1 Two New Invasive Pests in Washington: Spotted Wing Drosophila and Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Northwest Wholesale Pesticide Recertification Meeting Pateros Central Building, Pateros, WA 21 February :40-11:10 am Elizabeth H. Beers Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center 1100 N. Western Ave. Wenatchee, Washington

2 Common Washington Stink Bugs Red-shouldered stink bug Green soldier bug Consperse stink bug Chlorochroa spp

3 Along with the native species there is a new player, the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Referred to as the beast in the east the BMSB is an introduced pest. Looks superficially like the consperse stink bug but characters that easily distinguish it. Consperse stink bug Images E. Beers, courtesy 2013 of Dr. Tracy Leskey USDA-ARS

4 Stink Bug ID Common look-alikes (to scale) Brown Marmorated Brochymena sp. Chlorochroa sp. Consperse Solid margin and central spot

5 Adults Identification Banded antennal segment Antennal segment solid-color No teeth along edge of thorax Teeth along edge of thorax Brown Marmorated SB Brochymena sp. (Rough-shield)

6 and now for the acronym Banded Antennae Mega-Bug Smooth Shoulders Banded Body

7 Wide Host Range Tree fruits Small fruits Grapes Nuts Legumes Vegetables Soybean Corn Ornamentals 300+ host plants Soybeans Hazelnut injury Image courtesy of Dr. Tracy Leskey USDA-ARS

8 Deposit eggs on undersides of leaves. Five nymphal stages. Two generations per year in much of the mid-atlantic Developmental period lasts ~50d from egg to adult. Egg Mass 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Images E. Beers, courtesy 2013 of Dr. Tracy Leskey USDA-ARS Adult Male Adult Female

9 Current Distribution of BMSB in the United States Stink bugs What are the questions? Severe Agricultural and Nuisance Problems Reported Nuisance Problems Only Detected Image E. Beers, courtesy 2013 of Dr. Tracy Leskey USDA-ARS BMSB IPM Working Group, November 30 th 2011

10 Distribution of BMSB in WA and OR 2012 Image prepared by Dr. Nik Wiman, OSU

11 US SWD Distribution

12 BC US SWD Distribution

13 BC US SWD Distribution

14 BC US SWD Distribution

15 BC US SWD Distribution

16 SWD website

17 SWD trap locations 2012 Caneberry 5% Cherry 57% Blueberry 14% Apricot 2% Apple <1% Peach 6% Nectarine 4% Chokecherry 1% Grape 11% SWD trap distribution by crop (n=334) E. Beers 2013

18 2012 SWD populations rebound SWD/trap/week SWD/trap CY2010 CY2011 CY J F M A M J J A S O N D

19 What happened in 2011? Precipitation WSU-TFREC Precipitation (inches) Long-term average Degrees F F May Jun Jul Total Temperature max 2010 min Max (long-term) Min (long-term) 0 F Avg. Monthly Temp (F) Nov 08-Nov 15-Nov 22-Nov 29-Nov 50 May Jun Jul

20 Avg. SWD (seasonal) <1 Aug, n = 10 >1 Aug, n = Apr 01-May 01-Jun 01-Jul 01-Aug 01-Sep 01-Oct Avg SWD (seasonal) <1 Aug, n = 4 >1 Aug, n = Apr 01-May 01-Jun 01-Jul 01-Aug 01-Sep 01-Oct Avg. SWD (seasonal) <1 Aug, n = 12 >1 Aug, n =5 01-Apr 01-May 01-Jun 01-Jul 01-Aug 01-Sep 01-Oct Date of First Catch of SWD

21 SWD trap catch by region 10 4,545 8 SWD/trap 6 4 2, North of I-90 South of I-90 *Numbers on top of bars are numbers of samples *through week 43, 21 Oct 2012

22 Monterey Ag Bait (undiluted) Monterey Ag Bait (diluted 1:4) Apple Cider Vinegar (undiluted) SWD trap test ACV vs Monterey Ag Bait Haviland traps SWD/trap (seasonal thru early October) a Monterey Ag Bait 25% solution b ACV Trap Captures Prop. SWD Total SWD 0.20 a b Selectivity 0.00 Monterey Ag Bait ACV

23 SWD Standard Trap Test Haviland trap mesh top, cover Modified Haviland trap (10 holes in sides, no cover) Van Steenwyk trap, 1 qt ice cream, mesh top, cover Deli cup (1 qt, 10 holes in sides) Red cup (1 qt, 10 holes in sides) Contech (2 holes in sides)

24 Contech WF cd Standard Trap Test (SCRI*SWD) Contech Heinz d Redcup c Delicup b Haviland Mod c Haviland a VanSteenwyk b Avg. SWD/trap

25 Trap test: SCRI cup color 30 a a a a SWD/trap 20 a 10 0 Yellow Red Black Clear White

26 Trap Design Factors Diffusion points 1qt deli cups 150 ml ACV Total area of diffusion/entry: 250 mm 2 8 holes (6.3 mm diam) (1/4 inch) 2 holes (12.7 mm diam) (1/2 inch) 1 hole (17.5 mm diam) (11/16 inch) 100 a SWD/trap (seasonal avg.) a b SWD capture increased with increasing NUMBER OF POINTS Prop. females lower if only 1 hole Prop. Drosophila, Diptera, the same Fewer Coleoptera in 1 hole Lepidoptera eliminated by 8 (smaller) holes 0 DA 8 holes DA 2 holes DA 1 hole

27 Trap Design Factors Bait volume Plastic screw-top jars, straight sided, 16 oz Ten 3/16 th holes, 2 cm above bait surface Four levels of bait volume: 50 ml 100 ml 200 ml 300 ml SWD/trap (seasonal avg.) c bc ab a 50 ml 100 ml 200 ml 300 ml SWD capture increased with increasing VOLUME of bait Prop. Females not changed Prop SWD higher in 50 ml Prop. bait remaining was higher in larger bait volumes (100, 200, 300) Prop. Diptera the same More Coleoptera in 200 ml (?) (Lepidoptera eliminated by (smaller) holes)

28 Trap Design Factors Bait Surface Area Plastic screw-top jars, straight sided 8, 16, 32 oz sizes (150 ml ACV in all) Three levels of bait surface area (SA): Cup vol: SA (cm 2 ) SA (in 2 ) 8 oz cup: oz cup: oz cup: SWD/trap (seasonal avg.) a a a NS trend for increased capture with increasing SURFACE AREA of bait Prop. Females higher in 71 cm2 (?) Prop. bait remaining unchanged Diptera higher with larger SA [Lepidoptera eliminated by smaller holes ] 0 38 cm 2 71 cm cm 2 E. Beers, Bait Surface Area

29 GF-120 Field Trial Adults+Pupae Emerged/50 fruit Sample date 18 Jul 26 Jul 2 Aug GF-120 Entrust Check

30 SWD Chemical Control Bait Spray Test Trt Description 1 Entrust 2SC + Monterey Ag Bait Rate/acre Application method 1 fl oz + ATV 6-nozzle a 8 pt (=1 4.2 gpa gal) 2 Entrust 2SC 8 fl oz Airblast 100 gpa 3 Check E. Beers sprays 1-week intervals 17, 10, 3 days before harvest

31 SWD Chemical Control Bait spray vs Entrust Mortality % Mortality Bait+Entrust Entrust Check Pesticide Appl. Harvest 20 0 *Data from bioassay, NOT field 11-Jun 18-Jun 25-Jun 02-Jul 09-Jul 40 Ovipositions Ovipositions/fruit E. Beers Jun 18-Jun 25-Jun 02-Jul 09-Jul

32 SWD: Residual Control Airblast % Mortality Sevin 4F 3 qt Sevin 4F 1 qt Malathion 1.75 pt PermaGuard 25 lb Check Days After Treatment

33 SWD: Residual Control (Handgun, Bing, treated 7 August 2012) Organophosphates Pyrethroids Spinosyns Residual Control Diazinon Warrior Guthion Delegate Entrust Fyfanon

34 Timing of fruit susceptibility Sweet cherry Bing, Sweetheart Ovipositions/fruit/live female Bing Sweetheart Ovipositions Emerged adults/fruit/live female Emergence 0 H-21 H-14 H-07 Harv H+07 Timing in Relation to Harvest (days) 0.0 H-21 H-14 H-07 Harv H+07 Timing in Relation to Harvest (days) Bing 21 DBH Sweetheart 21 DBH

35 SWD in SWD caused significant economic damage in southern districts in was closer to normal than previous 2 years Not enough information to predict longerterm patterns of attack and damage Time to start thinking about resistance management