Performance Comparison of Grid Integrated Micro Wind System with Diode Rectifier and Active Rectifier

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1 Intrnatonal Rsarch Journal of Engnrng an Tchnology (IRJET) -ISSN: Volum: 03 Issu: 06 Jun p-issn: Prformanc Comparson of Gr Intgrat Mcro Wn Systm wth Do Rctfr an Actv Rctfr Anla Rachal John 1, Dvya N A 1PG stunt, Dpt. of EEE, MBCET, Trvanrum, Krala Assstant Profssor, Dpt. of EEE, MBCET, Trvanrum, Krala *** Abstract Rnwabl nrgy systms hav gan popularty n th past cas u to th ncrasng nrgy crss of whch PV an Wn nrgy systms ar th common constant as wn s an ntrmttnt rnwabl sourc. For ths rason, th fluctuaton of wn powr rsults n fluctuat powr output from rator. ons. Mcrowns ar wn nrgy systms havng rat Du to th fluctuaton of rator output, t s not powr lss than 5 W. In mcro wn turbn applcatons, approprat for th rator to b rctly prmannt magnt synchronous rator (PMSG) s wly connct to th powr gr. us. A novl algorthm for th stmaton of rotor angl of th PMSG, bas on flux stmators was mplmnt. Th Th major stncton among th wn turbns s comparson nvolvs th nvstgaton of actv an ractv ma btwn fx an varabl sp wn turbn powr gvn to th gr through an ornary o rctfr rator concpts. In arlr ays fx sp wn an an actv rctfr. Th stuy monstrats that actv rctfr control shows supror prformanc n varous turbns an nucton rators wr oftn us n aspcts. Usng actv rctfr maxmum powr from th wn farms. Compar to fx sp wn turbns, wn turbn can b xtract. Excssv powr loss an varabl sp turbns hav many avantags l brang toru can b avo by th smooth start up opraton of th PMSG. w spra opraton at maxmum powr pont an hgh ffcncy. Varabl sp wn rators l Ky Wors: Prmannt Magnt Synchronous oubly f nucton rators (DFIGs) an Gnrator (PMSG), Wn Turbn, Actv rctfr, prmannt magnt synchronous rators (PMSGs) Toru control, Ractv powr, WECS. ar mrgng as a promsng tchnology wth th w spra xploraton an ntgraton of wn sourcs. 1. INTRODUCTION Th proucton of lctrcty from rnwabl nrgy sourcs has ncras u to nvronmntal problms an shortag of tratonal nrgy sourcs n nar futur. Wn nrgy s on of th bst tchnologs avalabl toay to prov a sustanabl supply bcaus of ts abunant, nxhaustbl potntal an nvronmntal avantag. Hnc many countrs ar ntgratng wn nrgy to gr an many mor ar xpct to follow. Th wn turbn whch s nstall on th top of a tall towr collcts wn nrgy an convrts t nto lctrcty. Th turbn output s thn ma lctrcally compatbl wth th utlty rurmnts an th output s f nto th houshol wrng or th gr. Th ntc nrgy n th wn s convrt nto mchancal nrgy by th turbn an garbox arrangmnt bcaus of thr ffrnt opratng sp rangs. Ths mchancal nrgy s convrt nto lctrcal nrgy by mans of a rator. Th wn powr xtract by a wn turbn s not In mcrown turbn applcatons, prmannt magnt synchronous rator (PMSG) s wly us. Two powr convrson stags ar prsnt: th ac/c an c/ac stag. In gr-connct systms, two major topologs for th frst ac/c powr convrsons ar us: o-brg passv rctfr follow by a boost convrtr or a thr-phas fullbrg actv rctfr (bac-to-bac convrtr). For vry low-powr mcrown systms (wth rat powr lss than 5 W), th most usual topology for th ac/c stag s th o-brg follow by a boost convrtr [1]. Th c/ac powr convrson stag s oftn a full-brg topology, whch njcts th lctrc powr nto th gr. In wn powr applcatons, a carful choc of th rator paramtrs an th topology of th frst AC-DC convrson stag ar of paramount mportanc to maxmz lctromchancal nrgy convrson. Th two major topologs of th frst AC- DC powr convrson stag ar tan nto account n ths wor: passv an actv rctfr[6]. 016, IRJET Impact Factor valu: 4.45 ISO 9001:008 Crtf Journal Pag 370

2 Intrnatonal Rsarch Journal of Engnrng an Tchnology (IRJET) -ISSN: Volum: 03 Issu: 06 Jun p-issn: A wn nrgy convrson systm usng PMSG s mol. Th papr prsnts a prformanc comparson of th systm usng a o an actv rctfr. Consrabl ructon s sn n ractv powr whn an actv rctfr s us. All th componnts of th wn turbn an gr s convrtr ar vlop an mplmnt n MATLAB/Smuln. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND DYNAMIC MODELING Th wn nrgy convrson systm consr n ths papr consst of a varabl sp wn turbn, rvng a prmannt magnt synchronous rator connct to a sngl phas gr through a powr contonng systm. Th systm structur s shown n fg.1. Fg-1: Structur of a typcal wn nrgy systm..1 Wn Turbn A wn turbn s us to convrt th lnar ntc wn nrgy nto rotatonal ntc nrgy. Th amount of mchancal powr captur by a wn turbn from wn s a functon of ara (A) swpt by ts blas, ar nsty (), th ncomng wn vlocty () an ts convrson ffcncy C p. Th convrson ffcncy or th powr coffcnt of a turbn C p s a functon of tp sp rato an ptch angl β. Th powr coffcnt C p nots th powr xtracton ffcncy. 1 3 (1) Pm A C p (, ) whr s th rato of tp sp of th turbn blas to wn sp. Mathmatcally m R () whr 016, IRJET Impact Factor valu: 4.45 ISO 9001:008 Crtf Journal Pag 371 m s th turbn rotatonal sp n mchancal raans pr scon, R s th raus of th turbn n mtrs an s th ncomng wn vlocty. Th wn powr coffcnt s fn as th rato of powr transmtt to th turbn shaft to th powr gvn by th wn. Th wn powr coffcnt can b obtan usng th uaton C p 116, Whl xtractng maxmum powr from th turbn, th valu of ptch angl β s pt aroun constant (aroun 0 0 ), to nsur maxmum possbl turbn output. Th Btz lmt, C p max 1 =16/7 s th maxmum thortcally possbl turbn powr coffcnt. Practcally t s 40% -45%. Th rotor ffcncy curv Cp () s a non lnar functon of TSR, whch s trmn by th bla sgn an ptch angl. Bcaus of th rlatonshp btwn C p an, for ach wn vlocty thr s a turbn sp that gvs maxmum output powr. Fg. shows th rlatonshp btwn wn powr coffcnt an tp sp rato at zro bla ptch angl. A two mass rv tran mol s consr hr. Th ynamc uatons of th rv tran wrttn on rator s ar: T t T J t J t t D ( D ( ) s ) ( whr th uvalnt stffnss s gvn by: 1 s 1 gar 1 s (8) (4) ) ( (6) ) (7) (5) (3) (4)

3 Intrnatonal Rsarch Journal of Engnrng an Tchnology (IRJET) -ISSN: Volum: 03 Issu: 06 Jun p-issn: an th uvalnt momnt of nrta of th rotor s p R r a 1 J. J gar (9) 0 p0 Ra0 L L af f L a (1) L L a (13) 0 L00 (14) Rotor uaton n 0 coornats Fg-: Typcal C p- curv for wn turbn. Gnrator In ths scton th rator mol an ts control ar prsnt. Th lctrc rator mol man uatons ar obtan from th rotor an stator crcuts n fg.3.th rotor crcut hlps to unrstan th fl wnng an two ampr wnng. Par s transformaton s us to ma th coffcnts of ths uatons constant an th uatons ar normalz. Fg-3:Rotor an stator crcuts of 3 phas synchronous rator f p f R 0 p R 0 p R f L L L ff f f f f L L 3 f f L a 3 3 L L af a Snc th conncton of synchronous rator to th AC/DC/AC powr convrtr s balanc, lctrc powr output (P ) s P 3 (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (0) (1) In th prsnt wor, a surfac PMSG s consr, thrfor th rotor flux s stmat nsta of bac mf, for rotor angl tcton mmun from lctrc nos problms an gtal numrcal ynamc varatons. Hr, a flux stmator mployng an aaptv LPF nsta of a pur ntgrator s chosn. Stator uatons n 0 coornats p R r a (10) (11) 016, IRJET Impact Factor valu: 4.45 ISO 9001:008 Crtf Journal Pag 37

4 Intrnatonal Rsarch Journal of Engnrng an Tchnology (IRJET) -ISSN: Volum: 03 Issu: 06 Jun p-issn: Fg-4 :Bloc schmatc of PMSG toru control.3 Powr contonng systm Bng th ntrfac btwn wn turbn rator an th powr gr, th wn powr convrtr has to satsfy th rurmnts of both ss. For th rator s, th currnt flow n th stator shoul b controll to ajust th toru an as a consunc th rotatng sp. Ths wll contrbut to actv powr balanc n normal opraton whn xtractng maxmum powr from th wn turbn also an also n cas of gr faults. Th convrtr shoul also hav th ablty to hanl varabl funamntal fruncy an voltag ampltu of th rator output to control th sp. For th gr s, th convrtr must comply wth th gr cos rgarlss of wn sp,.. t shoul hav th ablty to control ractv powr (Q) an prform a fast actv powr (P) rspons. Th rator s convrtr can b a passv rctfr, a hybr rctfr or an actv rctfr. Th o-brg rctfr s th smplst rator-s convrtr. But phas currnt harmoncs an unrgulat c-ln voltag wth hgh rppl contnt ar ts major rawbacs. Thr phas controll rctfrs can b classf from th pont of vw of commutaton procss as ln commutat controll rctfrs an forc commutat PWM rctfrs. Forc commutat rctfrs ar bult wth smconuctors swtchs havng gat turn off capablty. Ths allows full control of th convrtr as ths valvs can b swtch ON an OFF whnvr rur. Actv rctfrs com unr th last catgory. So actv rctfr can b fn as A non solat AC-DC convrtr that uss actvly controll swtchs such as MOSFETs or IGBTs nsta of os or thyrstors n orr to rctfy voltag or currnt manly wth two bnfts: output voltag rgulaton an AC nput harmonc ructon. 3. SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS In orr to compar th prformanc of a WECS an ornary rctfr an actv rctfr mplmnt wn systm s smulat n MATLAB shown n fg.5. A wn sp of 1 m/s s gvn to th systm as shown n fg 6. Fg 7 shows th rspons of ptch angl aroun 0 grs for 1 m/s wn sp urng a 3 scon stay stat smulaton xprmnt. Fg-5 Smulaton agram of th systm Fg-6 :Wn sp of 1 m/s(x axs 1 unt=5m/s, y axs 1 unt=1 s) 016, IRJET Impact Factor valu: 4.45 ISO 9001:008 Crtf Journal Pag 373

5 Intrnatonal Rsarch Journal of Engnrng an Tchnology (IRJET) -ISSN: Volum: 03 Issu: 06 Jun p-issn: Fg-11: Ractv powr usng an actv rctfr (x axs,1 unt=0.5s, y axs 1 unt=10 VAR) Fg-7: Stay stat rspons of ptch angl at 1 m/s wn sp. Actv powr an ractv powr rat usng o rctfr s shown n fg.8 an fg.9. an that usng actv rctfr s shown n fg.10 an fg.11. It can b sn that mor powr s rawn whn an actv rctfr s us. Also th ractv powr s nglgbl n ths cas whch mprovs systm ffcncy. Gnrator voltag an currnt wavforms ar shown n fg 1. Fg-1: Output voltag an currnt of PMSG ( x axs= 0.8 s/v, y axs= 50 V/v, 0.5 A/v) 4. CONCLUSIONS Fg-8: Actv powr usng a o rctfr (x axs,1 unt=0.5s, y axs 1 unt=500 W) Fg-9: Ractv powr usng a o rctfr (x axs,1 unt=0.5s, y axs 1 unt=10 VAR) In ths papr, th vlopmnt of mathmatcal mols of th componnts of th wn nrgy convrson systm (turbn, gar tran, prmannt magnt synchronous rator an th rctfr)s scuss. Molng an smulaton of wn turbn systms allow rsarchrs to stuy th paramtrs whch la to nhanc powr raton capablts. Th output voltag obtan from th PMSG was unstabl as a rsult of th varyng wn profl an t crat a n for chang n th convrson chan of th wn by th ntroucton of th control part an corrcton systm n orr to prov a bttr nrgy ualty. Th mtho may also b xtn to gr connct WECS. REFERENCES Fg-10: Actv powr usng a actv rctfr (x axs,1 unt=0.5s, y axs 1 unt=500 W) [1] T. Frl, J. Kolar, J. Rorguz, an P. Whlr, Comparatv valuaton of thr-phas ac-ac matrx convrtr an voltag c-ln bactobac convrtr systms, IEEE Trans. In. Elctron., vol. 59, no. 1, pp , Dc. 01. [] M. F. ELmorshy, S. M. Allam, Ahm I. A. shobar an Essam M. Rasha, Voltag an 016, IRJET Impact Factor valu: 4.45 ISO 9001:008 Crtf Journal Pag 374

6 Intrnatonal Rsarch Journal of Engnrng an Tchnology (IRJET) -ISSN: Volum: 03 Issu: 06 Jun p-issn: Fruncy Control of a Stan-alon Wn-Enrgy Convrson Systm Bas on PMSG, 4 th Intrnatonal Confrnc on Elctrc Powr an Enrgy Convrson Systms (EPECS), 015 [3] Shamm Kshavarz, Dsgn an Evaluaton of an Actv Rctfr for a 4.1 MW Off-Shor Wn Turbn, Dpartmnt of Enrgy an Envronmnt, Chalmrs Unvrsty of Tchnology Götborg, Swn, 011 [4] Wn Turbn Blocst n Matlab/Smuln, Gnral ovrvw an scrpton of mols, Florn Iov, Anca Danla Hansn, Poul Sornsn. [5] Fr Blaabjrg, Marco Lsrr an KMa, Powr Elctroncs Convrtrs for Wn Turbn Systms, IEEE Transactons On Inustry Applcatons, Vol. 48, No., March/Aprl 01 [6] C. Banchn, F. Immovll, E. Lornzan, A. Blln, an G. Butcch, Mcro wn turbn systm ntgraton gulns pmsg an nvrtr front n chocs, n Proc. 38th Annu. Conf. IEEE In. Elctron. Soc.(IECON 1), Montral, Canaa, Oct. 01, pp [7] Gampaolo Butcch, Emlo Lornzan, Fabo Immovll, Clauo Banchn, Actv Rctfr Wth Intgrat Systm Control for Mcrown Powr Systms, IEEE Trans. Sustanabl nrgy, vol. 6, no. 1, January 015 [8] Rub Garca Hrnanz,Garuno Ramrz, Mollng an control of a Wn Turbn Synchrnous Gnrator,Robotcs an Automotv Mchancs Confrnc, , IRJET Impact Factor valu: 4.45 ISO 9001:008 Crtf Journal Pag 375