Entropy Coefficient Method to Evaluate the Level of Sustainable Development of China's Sports

Transcription

1 ISSN (prt) Iteratoal Joural of Sports Scece ad Egeerg Vol. 02 (2008) No. 02, pp Etropy Coeffcet Method to Evaluate the Level of Sustaable Developmet of Cha's Sports We Lu, J Cu 2 Physcal educato college of Hua Uversty Scece ad Techology 2 Physcal educato college of Cetral South Uversty of Foresty ad Techology (Receved May, 2008, accepted Jue 3, 2008) Abstract. Accordg to the Statstcal Yearbook of Cha's sports udertakgs ad the related Statstcal Yearbook, as well as related dcators Costructo prcples, the sustaable developmet evaluato de system of Cha's sports s costructed. Ths essay uses etropy coeffcet method to research o the weght of every subsystem ad dcator the Sports sustaable developmet ad fd the top fves were: Natoal Sports put o the level of 0.08, a mass movemet partcpato rate of 0.083, the state sports put level of 0.076, the state sports put-output de 0.062, 0.06 coaches gudace level. The essay also adopts weghtg fucto method to coduct the level de of Chese sports sustaable developmet from 99 to 2005,ad fd out the usustaable developmet state of Cha's sports for99-998,the crtcal developmet state for the ad the sustaable developmet state for , accordace wth the sustaable developmet of Cha's sports determato crtera. Keywords: Etropy coeffcet method,sports,sustaable developmet. Etropy coeffcet method Itroducto [] I System scece, etropy s the measure of the dsorder degree of the system, ad t ca also measure the effectve formato provded by the data. Therefore, the etropy ca be used to determe the weghts. Whe the evaluated obects have qute a large dfferece betwee each other o a partcular dcator, the etropy s smaller, whch shows that whe the dcators provde more effectve formato, the weght of the dcators should be larger; o the cotrary, the smaller the dfferece, the larger the etropy, whch shows that the smaller the amout of formato provded by dcators, the smaller the de weghts. Whe the value of every evaluated obect reaches the same oe, the etropy reaches the mamum, whch meas that ths dcator faled to provde ay useful formato to the makg of the decso, so we ca cosder the removal of t from the evaluato de system. Therefore, the etropy coeffcet method s a obectve empowerg method. To determe the weght by calculatg the etropy s ust the way of determg the weghts of each dcator based o the evaluato of the dscrepacy degree of every evaluato dcator value. Supposg there are m evaluato dcators ad evaluato obects, the orgal data matr X= ( ) m s formed, ad as to a dcator, the greater the dfferece of the de value, the greater the role played by the dcator the comprehesve assessmet. If the dcator values of a dcator are all the same, the the dcator plays lttle role the Comprehesve Assessmet. The ma steps of usg etropy coeffcet method to determe the weghts are as follows: Stadardzato of the orgal data matr Supposg there are m evaluato dcators ad evaluato obects, the orgal data matr s as follows: To stadardze the matr, the result s: Publshed by World Academc Press, World Academc Uo

2 Iteratoal Joural of Sports Scece ad Egeerg, 2 (2008) 2, pp X = m R = 2 22 m2 ( r ) m 2 m R s the stadard value of the -th evaluato obect o the -th evaluato dcator, r [0,]. Of whch: The dcator playg the postve role: X = X m X ) /(ma X m X ) ( The dcator playg the egatve role: X = (ma X X ) /(ma X m X ) 2Defe etropy Durg the assessmet where there are m evaluato dcators ad evaluato obects, the defto of the etropy of the -th dcator s: H = k = f l f, =,2,,m f = r / r, k = / l,whe f = 0,so f l f = 0 = 3Defe etropy weght After the etropy of the -th dcator s defted, the defto of the etropy weght of the -th dcator s: m ( H )/ m H w = = 0 w,, m w = 2. The defto of the sustaable developmet of Cha's sports system The sustaable developmet system of Cha's sports, referrg to the goal of sustaable developmet of Cha's sports, s a ope comple gat system coducted by the populato of sports, sports ecoomy, sports culture ad sports scece ad techology subsystems, ad ts eteral evromet s composed by the state Poltcs, ecoomy, culture, scece ad techology ad the resource evromet, whch s the macro-layer of the sustaable developmet of Cha's sports system.the mcro-system layer refers to the subsystems of Cha's athletcs ad the masses sports, ad ths s also the core-layer of the system. The hghest goal the system pursued s: all-roud huma developmet. 3. The Costructo of the Evaluato Ide System of the Sports Sustaable Developmet System 3.. The costructo prcples Smple scetfc prcples Ide system should be a true reflecto of the relatoshp betwee the subsystems ad the dcators; the dcators cocept must be clear, have scetfc cootato, ad ca obectvely ad truthfully reflect ad measure ad the structure,the preset fucto,the developmet tred,the developmet potetal ad the obectve realzato etet of the Sports system. 2 System tegrty prcple The costructo of the evaluato system of the sports sustaable developmet System s a comple system egeerg, ad dcator system should both fully reflect the basc characterstcs of each subsystem, ad also reflect the coordato betwee subsystems. All dcators must be depedet of each other, terrelated ad otly form a orgac etty. 3 Operatoal ad comparable prcple = SSc emal for subscrpto: publshg@wau.org.uk

3 74 W. Lu, et al: Etropy Coeffcet Method to Evaluate the Level of Sustaable Developmet of Cha's Sports The setup of the de system should take the quatzato of the dcators ad the dffculty Level of the access of the dcators data to cosderato. The setup of the dcators should make the fullest possble use of estg statstcal formato, the data should be accessble, ad has measurablty ad comparablty, ad the evaluato scope calbers should be coheret. At the same tme results of the evaluato de system should reach the state that there must be comparablty betwee the status quo ad the past tme, ad amog the dfferet regos space. 4Dyamc gudg prcple Sports sustaable developmet s a dyamc process, the evaluato stadard should also be a relatve ad developg cocept. Therefore, the chose evaluato de system must be able to reflect the hstory, curret stuato the potetal ad the evoluto treds of the sports developmet, reveals ts trsc developmet rule. Ide system should be able to embody the uty of statc ad dyamc state, have the sestvty wth the chages tme ad space, ad therefore gude the formulato, adustmet ad mplemetato of the sustaable developmet polces The determato of the de system of sports sustaable developmet Accordg to the dcators Costructo prcples as well as the relevat statstcs [2-6] Cha Statstcal Yearbook, ad the collecto of the orgal statstcal data from 99 to 2005, the author adopts dcators stadardzato, depedet aalyss ad effectve treatmet to determe the evaluato system of the sustaable developmet of Cha's sports To solve the weght of each dcator ad subsystem by etropy coeffcet method Ths study takes the sports populato subsystem as a eample to demostrate the process of determg the weght by the etropy coeffcet method, ad the gves the weght assgmet of all the dcators of each dcator ad subsystem the sustaable developmet of Cha s reports by the same prcple. The weght evaluato ad results of the sports populato subsystem are as follows: For sports populato subsystem, there are e evaluato dcators C -C 9, 5 evaluated obects(from 99 to 2005),to stadardze the umercal values of the 5 evaluated obects, ad the costruct a matr for the stadardzatos, we ca get the followg table: matr R=(R)5 9ad f = R / 5 = R are as follows: R = C C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C f = c c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c Accordg to the defto of the etropy H = k 5 = f l f = l5 5 = f l f the matr of the etropes of the 9 dvdual dcators s : = [ ],ad the accordg to the etropes of H the 9 dvdual dcators ad the evaluato formula w etropes of the 9 dvdual dcators s: 9 ( H )/ 9 H = =, the matr of the SSc emal for cotrbuto: edtor@ssci.org.uk

4 Iteratoal Joural of Sports Scece ad Egeerg, 2 (2008) 2, pp w = [ ] Ad the the weghts of e dvdual dcators C to C 9 are the correspodg values the matr, that s, World Champoshp-wg level C of 0.076,the level to create a world record C 2 of 0.,the mass movemet ablty level C 3 of 0.28, Sports servce level C 4 of 0.090, coaches gudace level C 5 of 0.47, sports staff workers de C 6 of 0.057, the stadums-usg level C 7 of 0.3, atoal physcal trag stadards fulfllmet rate C 8 of 0.044, mass movemet partcpato rate C 9 of Subsystems of the sustaable developmet of Cha's sports ad ther de weght results Smlarly accordg to the correspodg methods ad steps we ca calculate the weghts of the dvdual dcators sports ecoomy subsystems, sports culture subsystems ad Sports Scece ad Techology subsystems. As to the weghts of sports populato subsystems, sports ecoomy subsystems, sports cultural subsystems ad sports Scece ad Techology subsystems, the sum up the dvdual dcators of the four subsystems respectvely ( whch X s the stadardzed values of the dvdual dcators ad W s the weght of the dvdual dcators ) accordg to X W, ad the get the developmet de of the four subsystems, uder whch calculate the weghts of the four subsystems accordg to the calculatg steps of the etropy. Rght ow the weghts of the sports subsystems ad the weght results of the dvdual dcators of the sports subsystems calculated by etropy coeffcet method are lsted Table. Table The weghts of the sports subsystems ad the weght results of the dvdual dcators system(b) Subsystem B weght B sports populato subsystem B2 Sports ecoomc subsystem B3 sports cultural subsystems B4 Sports Scece ad Techology Subsystem Ide(C) = weght C World Champoshp-wg level(a/te thousad) C2 the level to create a world record (a/te thousad) 0. C3 the mass movemet ablty level (a/te thousad) 0.28 C4 Sports servce level(ma/tms) C5 coaches gudace level 0.47 C6 sports staff workers de (a/te thousad) C7 the stadums-usg level(tmes/te thousad) 0.3 C8 atoal physcal trag stadards fulfllmet rate(%) C9 mass movemet partcpato rate(%) 0.26 C0 GDP 0.26 C Egel coeffcet(%) 0.40 C2 the state athletcs put level(%) C3 atoal sports put-output de 0.28 C4 athletcs put dstrbute de(%) C5 State Sports put level(%) 0.57 C6 sports dustry cotrbutor rate(%) C7 the cty famly culture ad sports cosume proporto(%) C8 the rural famly culture ad sports cosume proporto(%) C9 the de of Pedagogy graduates(%) 0.45 C20 educato of sports output de(%) 0.00 C2 the gym teacher the sum populato proporto(a/te thousad) C22 the studet the sum populato proporto(%) C23 the studet of sports school the sum studet proporto(%) C24 coaches professoal ttle level(%) 0.32 C25 athletes lteracy level(%) 0.24 C26 the sports group echage vsts rate(te thousad tmes) C27 socety gudes of sports proporto atoal physcal trag stadards fulfllmet (a/te thousad) C28 uvele sports school sed top school studets proporto total(%) C29 atoal vestmet scece ad techology level(%) 0.58 C30 the acceptg amout of aual patet applcatos(te thousad) C3 the sports paper publshed the sum paper publshed proporto(%) C32 the graduste studet of physcal educato proporto the sum( ) 0.27 C33 devote sports scece facal proporto the total( ) 0.04 C34 the sports scece ad techology proporto the total(a/te thousad) C35 maagemet mapower de of sports system(%) 0.55 From the table we ca see that the sustaable developmet system of Cha's sports the weghts of each subsystem ca be arraged by weght as follows: Sports ecoomc subsystem 0.483, sports populato subsystem0.385, sports cultural subsystems 0.093, Sports Scece ad Techology Subsystem0.039, whch sports ecoomy ad sports Cultural subsystems as a whole accouted for 87.8%, from whch we ca see that these two subsystems play a mportat role the sustaable developmet of Cha's sports. the top three order of the weghts of Sports ecoomc subsystem are: the state athletcs put level C 2 SSc emal for subscrpto: publshg@wau.org.uk

5 76 W. Lu, et al: Etropy Coeffcet Method to Evaluate the Level of Sustaable Developmet of Cha's Sports of , State Sports put level C 5 of 0.57, Egel coeffcet C of 0.40; the top three order of the weghts of Sports populato subsystem are: mass movemet partcpato rate C 9 of 0.26, coaches gudace s level C 5 of 0.47, sports stadum- usg level C 7 of 0.3 ; the top three order of the weghts of Sports cultural subsystem are: athletes lteracy level C , the de of Pedagogy graduates C 9 of 0.45, coaches professoal ttle level C 24 of 0.32; the top three order of the weghts of Sports Scece ad Techology subsystem are: the acceptg amout of aual patet applcatos C 30 of 0.266, atoal vestmet scece ad techology level C 29 of 0.58, maagemet mapower de of sports system C 35 of The top fve of the dcators ad weghts whch affect the sustaable developmet system of Cha s sports are: The atoal athletcs put level 0.08; mass movemet partcpato rate of 0.083; atoal sports put 0.076; atoal sports put-output de 0.062; coaches gudace level of The test results ad evaluato of the Sustaable developmet system level of Cha's sports Through etropy coeffcet method the weghts of each subsystem ad dcator has bee obtaed above, the et s to use these weghts ad the stadardzed value of each dcator these weght ad the value of dcators to sythesze to solve the sustaable developmet level of each subsystem ad the whole system the years The tegrated sythess methods of the dcator System of Sports sustaable developmet Because of the systematcess ad complety of the sports sustaable developmet ssues, every dcator of the sustaable developmet dcator System ca oly reflect the sustaable developmet of sports from a certa perspectve. To get a comprehesve reflecto of the overall level of sports sustaable developmet, ths study defed sports sustaable developmet level by the Sustaable developmet de of sports(sdis ),ad the method s to weghtg the dvdual dcators by the way of weghtg fucto: 4 SDIS = ( X W ) R = = X s the stadardzed value of the -th dvdual dcator whch the -th sports subsystem belogs to; W s the weght correspodg to the -th dvdual dcator whch the -th sports subsystem belogs to; R s the weght of the -th sports subsystem; X W stads for the Comprehesve Assessmet value of each = sports subsystem (that s, the developmet de of each sports subsystem), order to reflect the developmet degree of each sports subsystem The dscrmato of the sports sustaable developmet degree Accordg to the evaluato de system ad evaluato model of the sports sustaable developmet, the comprehesve de of the sports sustaable developmet s acheved. Referece geography, resources ad the evromet for sustaable developmet the scece of the etet of the level of the stadard [7], The author desgs a 5-grade-evaluato crtera of the sports sustaable developmet level referrg to the evaluato crtera of the sustaable developmet level Geography ad Resources evrometology to udge sythetcally the sports sustaable developmet level (see table 2). Table 2 The sustaable developmet of sports dscreto stadard level [0,0.25] (0.25,0.45) [0.45,0. 55] (0.55,0.75) [0.75,.00] state Etreme developmet usustaable developmet crtcal developmet Suastaable developmet Etreme sustaable developmet 4.3. The dcators composg results ad evaluato of Cha s Sports sustaable system The developmet level results of Cha's sports sustaable developmet system after the sythetcal formato through weghtg Table 3 As ca be see from the table-3, Cha s Sports has bee showg a good state of developmet from 99 to 2005, ad ts composte de of steadly reaches , a crease of 0.47, rsg as much as 235%, wth a average aual growth of 5.67%; SSc emal for cotrbuto: edtor@ssci.org.uk

6 Iteratoal Joural of Sports Scece ad Egeerg, 2 (2008) 2, pp Accordg to the dscrmato crtera to the sports sustaable developmet degree, the sustaable developmet state of Cha's sports the past 5 years ca be dvded to three phases: the usustaable developmet state for ; the crtcal developmet state for ;the sustaable developmet state for ,durg whch the composte de of the sports sustaable developmet system s the block(0.25,0.45), s the usustaable developmet state of the sustaable developmet of sports. The reasos are: Cha s at the food ad clothg stage, the people's stadard of lvg s very low, ths stage the ato s ma task s to solve the problem of feedg the people, people's ma focus s to solve the food ad clothg problem, ad sports ests maly as a lesure ad etertamet actvty, therefore t s dffcult to see a bg mprovemet of the sports. Table 3 The developmet level results of the sustaable developmet system ad subsystems of Cha's sports for year PSIS SEIS SCIS STSIS SDIS weght *PSIS - Sports populato subsystem developmet de, the SEIS - Sports ecoomc subsystem developmet de, SCIS sports cultural subsystem developmet de STSIS - Sports Scece Subsystem developmet de, SDIS - Sports Sustaable Developmet System developmet Ide , durg whch the composte de of the sports sustaable developmet system s the block(0.45,0.55), s the crtcal developmet state of the sustaable developmet of sports. The reasos are: the state's GDP s steady growth, per capta GDP s close to the level of mddle-come coutres, the Egel coeffcet decled steadly, ad the people's lfe has ust begu to acheve a well-off level, eablg the trastoal trasto of the coutry ad the people s put to ad cosumpto of the sports , the composte de of the sports sustaable developmet system s the block (0.55, 0.75). The frst reaso s that the forces of the subsystems of both the sports ecoomy ad the sports populato have reached a hgher level. For eample, the per capta GDP broke through,000 US dollars sce 200 ad reached the level of mddle-come coutres; Egel coeffcet decled up to at the same year, the people's lvg stadards get a hgh mprovemet ad people's lves reach the well-to-do level, whch esure that people have lesure tme ad dsposable fuds to sped o sport ad physcal cosumpto. 200 the State Sports fuds reached.9 bllo yua, 7.5 tmes of that 99, provdg a strog ecoomc power for our coutres sports cause; wth Cha's success bddg for the Olympc Games 200, people hold a hgh sprt o the sports ad the umber of people who partcpate sports meetgs above the couty level reached , whch s 2.5 tmes of that 99;at the same year the Natoal Physcal Trag Stadards fgure reached.98%,.66 tmes of that 99; the umber of people who get the world champo reached 23,whch s 37 more tha that of 99, ad.4 tmes of that 99; the performace s that o the summato of the composte de of the two subsystems they reach 0.47,0.52,0.45,0.46,0.47 respectvely, whch s 2.6,2.9,2.5,2.6,2.6 tmes of those respectvely 99,whch dcate that the value has reached a hgh level. Secod, durg ths perod the two subsystems sports cultural ad sports scece ad techology system mataed a relatvely stable level, ad thus makes the overall system mata a hgh state of developmet, that s, the sustaable developmet state. SSc emal for subscrpto: publshg@wau.org.uk

7 78 W. Lu, et al: Etropy Coeffcet Method to Evaluate the Level of Sustaable Developmet of Cha's Sports 5. Cocluso , the coutry's sports has bee showg a good mometum of developmet, ad ts developmet de of has steadly creased up to , a crease of 0.47, rsg as much as 235%, wth a average aual growth of 5.67 percet. 5.2 The sustaable developmet state of Cha's sports the past 5 years s : the usustaable developmet state for ; the crtcal developmet state for ;the sustaable developmet state for the sustaable developmet system of Cha's sports the weghts of each subsystem ca be arraged by sze as follows: Sports ecoomc subsystem 0.483, sports populato subsystem0.385, sports cultural subsystems 0.093, Sports Scece Subsystem The top fve of the dcators ad weghts whch affect the sustaable developmet system of Cha s sports are: atoal athletcs sports put 0.08; mass movemet partcpato rate of 0.083; atoal sports put 0.076; atoal sports put-output de 0.062; coaches gudace level of Refereces [] Wag Guagqg. Research o Regoal Sustaable Developmet Theory ad Decso-Supportg System [D]. TIANJIN: Ta Uversty, [2] Ecoomc Departmet of the State Sports Geeral Admstrato. Statstcal Yearbook for Natoal Sports [M] (Iteral referece). [3] The Natoal Bureau of Statstcs. Cha Statstcal Yearbook [M] Beg: Cha Statstcs Press. [4] Natoal Bureau of Statstcs ad the State Mstry of Scece ad Techology. Cha Statstcal Yearbook of Scece ad Techology [M] Beg: Cha Statstcs Press. [5] Developmet ad Plag Departmet of Mstry of Educato of the People's Republc of Cha. Cha Statstcal Yearbook of Educato [M] Beg: People's Educato Publshg House. [6] Facal departmet of Mstry of Educato ad the State Statstcs Bureau ad Scece ad Techology Statstcs Departmet. Cha Statstcal Yearbook of Educatoal Fudg [M] Beg: Cha Statstcs Press. [7] Gu Kagkag, Lu Jgshuag. The Establshmet ad Evaluato of Sustaable Developmet Ide System of Jl [J]. Agrcultural Systematc Scece ad the Comprehesve Research, 2006, 22 (2): [8] L Zhemg. Ecoomc Trasformato ad the Evoluto of the Cosumpto Structure [M]. Beg: Ecoomc Scece Press, 2002, 58 ~ 63. SSc emal for cotrbuto: edtor@ssci.org.uk