The succession of bloom caused species: A result of complexity and variability of Changjiang estuary ecosystem

Transcription

1 The succession of bloom caused species: A result of complexity and variability of Changjiang estuary ecosystem Jinhui Wang 123, Yanqing Wu 3, Zhien Li 12,Lingyun Xiang 12 1 East China Sea environmental Monitoring center 2 the Key laboratory of integrated Monitoring and Applied Technology for marine Harmful Algae Bloom 3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University ,Dalian,P.R.China

2 Outline The succession of bloom caused species Ⅰ micro-algae to macro-algae Ⅱ Species succession of bloom caused micro-algae Ⅲ Species succession during one bloom Possible reason?

3 ⅠCaused species shift from micro-algae to macro-algae Apr~Aug Jul Apr 3

4 Enteromorpha sample in yellow sea By HJ52 藻体呈线形至披针形的长带状, 绿色 高一般 10-50cm, 宽 cm, 体厚 μm, 边缘常有波状皱褶或螺旋状扭曲 细胞表面观为 4-6 角形, 切面观为纵长方形, 成熟部分的细胞常为方形 细胞呈不明显纵列或不规则排列 具一个色素体和一个淀粉核 6 月 25 日卫星监测结果奥帆赛附近海域

5 Enteromorpha sample in Changjiang estuary

6 连云港海域采集的浒苔 南通海域采集的浒苔

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8 Bloom of macro-algae caused the decrease of red tide? Bloom of Enteromorpha s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s

9 Skeletonema costatum Eucampia zodiacus Ⅱ Species succession of bloom caused micro-algae More than 140 red tide algae were recorded in China coast, and about 80 of them have formed bloom since 1930s Prorocentrum dentatum Heterosigma Akashiwo Phaeocystis sp. Karenia mikimotoi Mesodinium rubrum Noctiluca scintillans

10 Red tide events in China Insufficient monitoring data

11 Other harm Algae DSP kerina mikimotoi Harmful algae in China Heterocapsa circularisquama Heterosig ma akashiwo Gymnodinium sanguineum NSP = Karinia brevis DSP DSP Dinophysis acuminata Dinophysis caudata Dinophysis fortii Dinophysis rotundata ASP DSP Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, P. pungens, P. multistriata, PSP DSP Alexandrium catenella Alexandrium minutum Alexandrium tamarense

12 1933 Noctiluca scintillans Skeletonema costatum 1952 Trichodesmium thiebautii 1972 Prorocentrum mininum Trichodesmium erthraeum 1980 Heterosigma akashiwo Karenia mikimotoi 1982 Ceratium tripos 1983 Rhizosolenia alata f. gracillima Chronology of red tide species 1984 Cocholodinium spp Dactyliosolen mediterraneus Gymnodinium sp Teleaulax acuta 1987 Chaetoceros socialis Eucampia cornuta 1988 Alexandrium sp. Nitzschia sp 1989 Thalassiosira weissflogii 卵甲藻 1990 Euglena sp Mesodinium rubrum 1991 Chattonella marina Gonyaulax polygramma Peridinium bipes Prorocentrum micans Prorocentrum triestinum 1993 Dictyocha fibula Pseudonitzchia Pungens 1994 Scrippsiella trochoidea 1995 Ceratium furca 1996 Prorocentrum dentatum 1997 Phaeocystis globosa 微型蓝藻

13 Chronology of red tide species 1998 Gyrodinium instriatum Karenia digitata Karenia longican ales 1999 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 2000 Hermesinum adriaticum Plagioselmis prolonga 红球藻科 Akashiwo sanguinea 2001 Akashiwo sanguinea Thalassiosira nordenskioldi Chattonella globosa Chattonella ovata Distephanu s speculum Eucampia zodiacus Leptocylindrus danicus Navicula sp. Biddulphia aurita 2002 Chaetoceros pseudocurvis etus Heterocapsa circularisqua ma Gymnodiniu m brevis Gymnodiniu m catenella Gyrodinium sp 2003 Chaetoceros curviset us Thalassiosira subtilis Cyclotella caspia Gonyaulax sp Karlodiniu m micrum Nitzschia clo sterium Prorocentrum balticum Chaetocer os debilis 2004 Chroomonas sp. Haematococcu s pluvialis Cylindrothec a closterium Thalassiosir a mala 2005 Cerataulina pelagica Heterocapsa rotundata Thalassiosir a rotula 2006 Chaetoceros subsecundus Melosira sulcata Rhizosoleni a delicatula 2007 Asterionella japonica Chaetoceros lorezianus Chaetoceros Compressus Chaetoceros tortissimus Ditylum brightwellii Gonyaula x digitale h

14 Bloom species in East China sea ot her Cer at i um furca Phaeocyst i s gl obsa Gonyaul ax pol ygr amma Het er ocapsa ci r cul ar i squama Lept ocyl i ndr us dani cus Pr or ocent r um triestinum Het er os i gma akashi wo Akashi wo sangui nea Kar i ni a br evi s Al exandr i um tamar ense Gonyaul ax di gi t al e Thal assi osi r a r ot ul a Pseudo- ni t zschi a pungens Thal assi osi r a nor denski ol di Al exandr i um cat enel l a Chaet ocer os cur vi set us Scr i ppsi el l a t r ochoi dea Mesodi ni um r ubr um Chaet ocer os sp Noctiluca scintillans Kar eni a mi kimot oi Skel et onema cost at um Pr or ocent r um dent at um

15 Bloom species in East China sea ot her Cer at i um furca Phaeocyst i s gl obsa Gonyaul ax pol ygr amma Het er ocapsa ci r cul ar i squama Lept ocyl i ndr us dani cus Pr or ocent r um triestinum Het er os i gma akashi wo Akashi wo sangui nea Kar i ni a br evi s Al exandr i um tamar ense Gonyaul ax di gi t al e Thal assi osi r a r ot ul a Pseudo- ni t zschi a pungens Thal assi osi r a nor denski ol di Al exandr i um cat enel l a Chaet ocer os cur vi set us Scrippsiella trochoidea Mesodi ni um rubrum Chaet ocer os sp Noct i l uca sci nt i l l ans Kar eni a mikimot oi Skel et onema cost at um Pr or ocent r um dent at um

16 Key bloom species in ECS Noct i l uca sci nt i l l ans 0 > s 1990s Skel et onema cost at um > s 1990s Kar eni a mi kimot oi > s 1990s Pr or ocent r um dent at um > s 1990s

17 Harmful algae distribution in Time scale Trichodesmium thiebautii Trichodesmium erthraeum Prorocentrum mininum Heterosigma akashiwo Karenia mikimotoi Cocholodinium spp. Alexandrium spp. Chattonella marina Pseudonitzchia Pungens Phaeocystis globosa Karenia digitata Karenia longicanales Chattonella globosa Chattonella ovata Heterocapsa circularisquama 1950s 1960s 1970 s 1980 s 1990 s 2000 s

18 The first bloom recorded time Trichodesmium thiebautii Heterocapsa Chattonella circularisquama Phaeocystis Chattonella globosa Cocholodinium H. akashiwo Chattonella ovata Pseudonitzchia Karenia mikimotoi Karenia Cocholodinium Alexandrium P. mininum T. erthraeum 1930s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s The first bloom recorded sea area Bohai Yel l ow sea East Chi na sea Hongkong Sout h Chi na sea

19 Ⅲ Species succession during one bloom 2. 5 Thal assi osi r a spp. di nof l agel l at e 400 Thalassiosira spp.& Dinoflagellate Skel etonema costatum Skeletonema costatum Oct 11-Oct 12- Oct 13-Oct 14-Oct 15-Oct 16-Oct 17-Oct 日期 Dat e Location:Changjiang estuary Phosphate enrichment ~17( )μmol/l 10^5cells/l S. Cost at umpc P. Dent at i umpc S. Cost at umpe PDent at i umpe ~26( μmol/l) May 19- May 20- May 21- May 22- May 23- May 24- May 25- May 26- May

20 P. dentatum S.costatum Heterocapsa circularisquam a 0 to to to to to June 2003, HAB in Changjiang estuary, no harm found June 2005, HAB in Changjiang estuary, caused some cultured mussel dead

21 3 species succession in ECS ind/l Kar eni a mikimot oi Pr or ocent r um dentatum Skel et onema cost at um May June 2005

22 Possible reason 1 The physiological and ecological features of algae what kinds of nutrients can be utilized The nutrients absorb efficiency Storage of nutrient 2 nutrients influence the succession of algae? The nutrient composition Si limitation N/P ratio

23 Population Density (persons / square km)

24 Songhua River River Non-biological Environmental factor-nutrient supply Liao Hai River River Yellow River Huai Yangtze River Pearl River

25 250, ,000, ,000,000 80,000,000 Increased percentage of global capture vs China & ROK China Total Capture vs # Boat 200, ,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000, % 19.54% Global China Korea - China YS/ China 2003 Total 2004 # of Boats 100,000 50,

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27 Water and Soil restoration project changed sand flux change During 2001~2005, the area of water and soil regulation completed was 21, 000 km 2, The area of Ecological Restoration was 2,060 km 2 ;Moreover, the area of precaution and protection in head-stream of Changjiang River and waterhead of Dan Jiang other Kou Reservoir than discharges at the middle of engineer domestic of South-to-North sewage and Water agricultural Diversion was wastes, 110,000 disturbance km 2. of Si input due to urbanization, soil erosion and river diversion can also be the restoration of Water and Soil are the main reason of sand considered as a trigger for HABs dominated by flux change, and hence cause the decrease the Si flux. dinoflagellates and micro-flagellates Less pollutants policy had effected and will be strengthened in next 5 year. cause the decrease the N flux recently

28 Change of nutrient content and structure PO 4 -P 平水期 丰水期 SiO 3 - Si 平水期 丰水期 TIN 无机氮 (mg/ L) 平水期丰水期多项式 ( 丰水期 ) 多项式 ( 平水期 ) The increasing N:Si ratio could exacerbate eutrophication by reducing the potential for diatom growth in favor of noxious flagellates.

29 After S.W.Kim,2006

30 Nutrients utilization and absorb efficiency Hodgkiss and Ho (1997) also showed that dinoflagellate growth was generally favored by N:P (atomic) ratios from Species Alexandrium catenella Ceratium furca Cryptomonas Sp. Gonyaulax polygramma Gymnodinium nagasakiense Mesodinium rubrum Noctiluca scintillans Olisthodiscus Sp. Prorocentrum dentatum P. minimum P. sigmoides P. triestinum Prumnesium Spp. Pseudonitzschia pungens Scrippsiella trochoidea Skeletonema costatum Optimal N:P Ratio (15-30) : 1 (12-22) : 1 (12-20) : 1 (4-8) : 1 (11-16) : 1 NR* (8-14) : 1 (6-15) : 1 (6-13) : 1 (4-13) : 1 (4-15) : 1 (8-15) : 1 (6-12) : 1 9 : 1 (6-13) : 1 >24 : 1 Some research showed HABs were closely related to N:P ratios change, and outbreaks of dinoflagellate-caused HABs were significantly correlated to changes in N:P ratio when supplies of N and P were abundant.

31 Nutrient and N/P in China coast K.mikimotoi can use 从环境富营养化程度看, 东海赤潮高发区最严重, 渤海次之, 南海除珠江口外较轻 NaH2PO4 2H2O, G- Sea location nutrient(mg/l) N/P P, ATP. Prefer higher N P phosphorus concentration and South Pearl estuary lower N/P ratios. Heterosigama akashiwo, Chattonella marina, Phaeocystis globosa China Dapeng Bay Sea Daya Bay Tuolin Bay East Changjiang E Heterocapsa circularisquama,alexandrium tamarens,prorocentrum China Zhoushan sea Hangzhou bay Bohai sea Bohai Laizhou bay Dalian Bay s Bloom Bloom Bloom Bloom

32 TIP Before 2004 Decreasing DSi and increasing DIN and DIP flux into the East China Sea have impacted the predominant algae species, The small size species become more dominant with increasing N P ratio. TIN Si:N ratios, as N:P ratios, play a significant role in promoting or depressing HAB.The influences of Si:N ratios might be attributed to their impacts to diatoms growth. When the growth of diatoms is promoted, dinoflagellate-related HAB is depressed. When diatoms growth is depressed by low silicates, dinoflagellatecaused HABs are promoted After 2004, with the decreasing DIN and change of Si:N, diatom bloom is increasing

33 Climate change s 1900s Shanghai 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000~2004 Some tropical species found in Changjiang estuary recently

34 About 82.4% of arrived vessel discharge no ballast water in shanghai. 17.8% discharge,so about ton ballast water discharged in shanghai 2007 Ballast water? 上海国际集装箱吞吐量 SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRAFFIC 单位 : 10000TEU UNIT : 10000TEU throughput(10000t) 吞吐量 外贸吞吐量 throughput of foreign trade

35 The complexity and variability of Changjiang estuary ecosystem accelerate the species succession? Tides Meteorology Freshwater flow Flooding Salinity mixing Flushing Stratification Retention time Estuarine Dynamics Department

36 Acknowledgement Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Mechanism of Harmful Algal Bloom in Changjiang estuary and the risk evaluation of Bloom caused by alien algae ( ) Marine Science Fund for Young Scientists, HAB related alien algae identification and risks evaluation in Changjiang estuary ( ) The Public Welfare Vocation Scientific Research Foundation of China (oceanography)( ) National high-tech R&D program( ) the research and development of real-time monitoring techniques and early warning system for harmful Algal bloom (2007AA092001, 2007AA )

37 谢谢!