人类活动的关系 Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI / (LUCC) LUCC (LUCC)

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1 土壤 (Soils), 2016, 48(3): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游绿洲时空演变及其与 1 人类活动的关系 * ( ) Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI / (LUCC) km % % 0.88% km % km LUCC TP79 [1] 4% ~ 5% 95% 1990s ( ) ( ) [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8 9] [10] [11] [12] [13] / (LUCC) [14] ( ) (0803RJZA094) * (fmlpx@nwnu.edu.cn) (1988 ) Wangluyaolinlin@163.com

2 [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] NDVI [20] Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI ( ) ( ) ~ N ~ E ~ m mm mm [21] 1.2 Landsat ( ) m MSS 147/ m TM/ ETM+/OLI 136/35( ERDAS ArcGIS ( aspx) GoogleEarth 87% ( ) ( ) [13] R e R e R d R c [9] Fragstats 3.3 (NP 1 ) (LSI) (AWMPFD 1 AWMPFD 2) (SHEI

3 SHEI = 0 SHEI = 1 ) (C i ) [22] Fragstats [7, 23 26] (NP 1 ) (LSI) (AWMPFD 1 AWMPFD 2) (SHEI SHEI = 0 SHEI = 1 ) (C i ) 4 [27] [28] [24] 1) (UE) (UI) Ub Ua 1 UE 100% (1) U T a Ub Ua 1 UI 100% (2) U T b U a U b (km 2 ) T ( ) 2) C 2 A/ P (3) C A (km 2 ) P (km) 3) D 2lg( P/4)/lg A (4) D P (km) A (km 2 ) ( 1) km %( 1A 1B) ( 1B 1C) km km % 1.97% km % ( 1B) km km 2 ( 1C) km 2 ( 1A) 0.26% km km ( 1B 1C) / (LUCC) / (LUCC) ArcGIS ( ) ( 1) km km km km km 2

4 km km km km km km km km km km km km km km km km km km km km 2 1C 38 / (LUCC) Fig. 1 图 1 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游绿洲面积 动态度指数变化 Area of oasis and dynamic degree of the oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud river

5 表 1 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游绿洲各类型土地面积变化矩阵 Table 1 Transform matrix of land use type in oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud river in last 38 years (km 2 ) / (LUCC) ( 2) (R e ) (R d ) (R c ) ( 2) (R e R d R c ) ( 2) ( 3) R e 97.8% ( 2A) R d 94.91% ( 1) 2.96 km 表 2 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游各土地类型对绿洲扩张和绿洲衰退的贡献率 (%) Table 2 Land use type s contribution of oasis expansion and recession in the oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud rive in the last 38 years R e R d R c R e R d R c R e R d R c R e R d R c R e R d R c

6 Fig. 2 图 2 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游绿洲扩张与退缩区域空间分布图 Area expansion and recession of oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud river in last 38 years 图 3 Fig. 3 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游绿洲重心转移图 Center of gravity moving in oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud river in the last 38 years % ( 2) % 0.32% 1.46% 12.14% 11.18% 92.22% % 2.96 km 1.73 km % 18.2% 1.97% 10.48% ( 2) 56.15% 59.61% 18.23% 1.37 km % 45.43% 18.2% 31.37% ( 2C) 1.08 km 4.36% 10.55% % % % % R ( 3) R (P 0.05)

7 表 3 近 38 年来格尔木河中下游绿洲景观格局特征及其回归方程 Table 3 Landscape pattern indexes in oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud river and its regression equation in last 38 years (NP) y = x x , R² = (LSI) y = 0.006x x , R² = (AWMPFD) y = 458.7x x , R² = (SHEI) y = 65.78x x , R² = (Ci) y = 20.70x x , R² = (LSI) (AWMPFD) (SHEI) SHEI ( 1A) SHEI SHEI SHEI (Ci) ( 4) km km 图 年格尔木市城镇用地扩展图 Fig. 4 Expansion schematic diagram of urban land-use areas in Golmud City from 1977 to (2.44% 1.86% 7.58% 3.74%) (1.96% 1.52% 4.95% 2.88%) 3 1) km % km ) km km km 2

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9 Spatial and Temporal Change of Oasis in Middle and Lower Reaches of Golmud River and Its Relationship with Human Activities WANG Linlin, LIU Puxing * (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou , China) Abstract: Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/TIRS remote sensing images in 1977, 1987, 1999, 2006 and 2014 were acquired to analyze spatial and temporal change of the oasis, furthermore, the 1: data of land use in China, oasis evolution dynamic model, land use/cover change (LUCC), landscape pattern index and urban expansion index were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation and its relationship with human activities. The results showed that: in the last 38 years, Oasis change showed a trend of dramatically retreated-retreated-expansion of oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud river, the speed of oasis retreated from 1977 to 1987 was the fastest, and retreated area reached km 2, the cumulative dynamic degree was 3.55%, oasis continued to retreat slowly from 1987 to 2006, and the cumulative dynamic degree was 0.52% and 0.88% respectively, oasis change tended to be stable as it extended for the first time from 2006 to 2014, the cumulative dynamic degree was 0.26%. The grassland change had great contribution to oasis retreat and forest land, arable land and construction land change played the important role in oasis expansion. The center of gravity moving was obviously with the direction was south by east - southeast - southwest - southeast, the center distance of gravity moving which from 1977 to 1987 was the longest (2.96 km), and it became shorter in the future gradually. Values of Patches (NP), fragmentation index (Ci) and landscape shape index (LSI) of oasis were increased from 1977 to 2014, the change of Shannon s evenness index (SHEI) responses well to oasis changes, indicating oasis landscape shape tends complicate, and human interfere with the oasis which degree is increasing. Key words: The middle and lower reaches of Golmud river; Oasis change; LUCC; Landscape pattern; Urban expansion; Remote sensing date