S U R F A C E A E R A T I O N

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Paulina Newman
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1 S URFACE A ERATION

S URFACE A ERATION INTRODUCTION This brochure gives an overview of the activities of Landustrie Sneek BV in the field of surface aeration.

Since the introduction of a full scale aeration test tank and the availability of process know-how, back in the mid eighties, Landustrie is the market leader in surface aeration.

market. The Landy-7 is in itself complete proof of Landustrie s leading position in this market.

2 S URFACE A ERATION INTRODUCTION This brochure gives an overview of the activities of Landustrie Sneek BV in the field of surface aeration. Landustrie has a long history and broad experience in this field. For almost half a century Landustrie has designed, manufactured, supplied, installed and maintained many types of aeration system. Since the introduction of a full scale aeration test tank and the availability of process know-how, back in the mid eighties, Landustrie is the market leader in surface aeration. This scientific approach has resulted in the successful introduction of the Landy-7, the fourth generation slow speed surface aerator, which can easily compete with all other aeration systems on the market. The Landy-7 is in itself complete proof of Landustrie s leading position in this market. HIGH AND CONSTANT EFFICIENCY The efficiencies that can be obtained with slow speed surface aerators depend on a number of factors. It is important to be aware of this, particularly when comparing slow speed aerators with other aeration systems. An important advantage of the surface aerator is that the efficiency will be constant over the full lifetime of the aerator, often up to 30 years. One important factor is the geometry of the basin in which the aerator will be installed. For different applications one can use, as a rule of thumb, the following data:- oxidation ditches kg O2/kWh rectangular basins kg O2/kWh lagoons up to 2.0 kg O2/kWh A second consideration is the influence of the -factor. For slow speed surface aerators this is normally about 0.9.This is a general scientifically accepted value. Particularly with fine bubble aeration systems -factors are often assumed which can only be met at laboratory scale. Moreover, often no consideration is given to the composition of the waste water, which can have a detrimental influence on the function of the installed aerator. Because of the character of the slow speed surface aerator it is impossible to avoid splashing of the waste water. The strength of a well LANDY-7 The Landy-7 is characterized by the following features: high and constant efficiency extreme low reaction forces excellent mixing qualities simply regulated wide oxygenation range wide range of applications simple and robust construction self cleaning low maintenance costs oxygenation capacity [kg 02/kWh] comparing surface aeration/fine bubble aeration investments new elements time LANDY-7 fine bubble aeration designed aerator is that oxygen transfer is achieved with a controlled splash pattern. This is another area in which the Landy-7 distinguishes itself from other designs. If further restrictions are in place regarding splashing or noise production then Landustrie can supply specially designed aero caps (see photograph of Stora Enso, Sweden).

EXCELLENT MIXING QUALITIES In many applications of slow speed surface aerators the function of the aerator is not just limited to introducing oxygen

That is one of the reasons why the characteristic conical shape is noticeable in the design of the seven blades.

For oxidation ditches this results in excellent propulsion.

EXTREMELY LOW REACTION FORCES The design of the Landy-7 is such that both radial and axial forces are much lower than with conventional surface

3 EXCELLENT MIXING QUALITIES In many applications of slow speed surface aerators the function of the aerator is not just limited to introducing oxygen into the water. Also, a part of the propulsion and mixing has to be provided by the surface aerator. That is one of the reasons why the characteristic conical shape is noticeable in the design of the seven blades. This is the source of the pump function which is necessary for creating good mixing conditions inside the basin. For oxidation ditches this results in excellent propulsion. Also, when suction tubes are installed, for deeper depths, this pump function is very important to ensure a good transfer of oxygen. EXTREMELY LOW REACTION FORCES The design of the Landy-7 is such that both radial and axial forces are much lower than with conventional surface aerators. This has many advantages. In particular, the forces on the concrete and on the bearings of the outgoing shaft of the gearbox will be much lower. Because of this, in many cases, one can select a gearbox which will be one size smaller. Also the vibration characteristics will be reduced enormously, so that critical vibrations in the gearbox will not occur. Low vibration

S URFACE A ERATION Floating arrangement Oxidation ditch Forces according FEA WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS Naturally, the Landy-7 can be

Regarding the geometry of the basins the options are virtually unlimited; square or rectangular tanks, round tanks, shallow or deep tanks

The Landy-7 can be applied anywhere and still maintain its high efficiency.

It is a more compact installation which is not only more stable under operating conditions, Square tanks but also much easier to balance due

Another advantage is that the floating unit can be manufactured locally, allowing the use of less expensive local materials.

oxygen transfer, but also that the aerator had to be easy to manufacture and therefore cheaper.

The applied forces generated in the Landy-7 are very low. This can be proved by using Finite Element Analysis methods in the Landy-7 design.

4 S URFACE A ERATION Floating arrangement Oxidation ditch Forces according FEA WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS Naturally, the Landy-7 can be installed in either a fixed or a floating arrangement. Regarding the geometry of the basins the options are virtually unlimited; square or rectangular tanks, round tanks, shallow or deep tanks (if necessary with suction tubes) oxidation ditches, MBR- and SBR-systems, lagoons, ponds, mixing or buffer tanks. The Landy-7 can be applied anywhere and still maintain its high efficiency. The floating installation arrangement has been newly designed by Landustrie. It is a more compact installation which is not only more stable under operating conditions, Square tanks but also much easier to balance due to the reversed pyramid construction. Another advantage is that the floating unit can be manufactured locally, allowing the use of less expensive local materials. SIMPLE AND ROBUST CONSTRUCTION The starting point of the design of the Landy-7 was not only that the available power had to lead to a higher oxygen transfer, but also that the aerator had to be easy to manufacture and therefore cheaper. This is true for both the steel epoxy coated option and the stainless steel option in AISI 304 and AISI 316. The applied forces generated in the Landy-7 are very low. This can be proved by using Finite Element Analysis methods in the Landy-7 design. For bigger diameter Landy-7 aerators an intermediate flange can be supplied in order to reduce transport costs. SELF CLEANING The design and the shape of the blades is configured in such a way that it is impossible for any rag or other detritus to attach to the impellor. This is largely due to the virtual cone shape created by the seven blades. LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS Because the complete surface aerator unit is simply built up from impellor, gearbox and electric motor, maintenance is limited to a yearly oil check and periodical checking of all greasing points. Low maintenance

WIDE OXYGENATION RANGE Depending on the specific circumstances it is possible that one single Landy-7 can transfer 1 to 500 kg O2/h into the waste

The efficiency of the surface aerator is constant over a wide range of both speed and submergence.

Whether the Landy-7 is installed in the classic aeration tank or after an anaerobic bioreactor, in both cases the Landy-7 is up to the job.

surface aerator is primary based on the amount of oxygen which has to be introduced into the water.

or by a pole-changeable electrical motor.

5 WIDE OXYGENATION RANGE Depending on the specific circumstances it is possible that one single Landy-7 can transfer 1 to 500 kg O2/h into the waste water. In any specific Landy-7 aerator, the range of oxygen transfer is very large. The efficiency of the surface aerator is constant over a wide range of both speed and submergence. INDUSTRY An important application for Landy slow speed surface aerators is in the pulp and paper industry. Whether the Landy-7 is installed in the classic aeration tank or after an anaerobic bioreactor, in both cases the Landy-7 is up to the job. Oxygen transfer LANDY-7 surface aerator OC(10) [kg 02/hr] diameter LANDY-7 [cm] Stora Enso, Sweden SIMPLY REGULATED The selection of the size of the surface aerator is primary based on the amount of oxygen which has to be introduced into the water. The oxygen capacity of the selected Landy-7 can be regulated in two ways, either by regulating the speed by means of a variable frequency drive (VFD), or by a pole-changeable electrical motor. Alternatively, this regulation can be achieved by variation of the degree of submergence of the surface aerator, normally achieved by changing the height of the overflow weir. The actual regulation is nearly always monitored by means of an oxygen probe. REFERENCES For half a century Landustrie has been involved in aeration projects, and many prestigious references have been achieved. In this brochure we restrict ourselves to some more recent examples of the over 5000 units supplied world-wide.

6 REFERENCES Shanghai, China Beetham, Trinidad & Tobago BASF, Germany Hamburg, Germany Vienna, Austria Amersfoort, The Netherlands

LANDUSTRIE TEST FACILITIES Since the middle of the eighties Landustrie has had the necessary facilities to undertake aerator testing in their own full scale test tank.

5 m. In the tank a height adjustable bridge is installed in order to be able to simulate lower water depths. There is also the option of inserting extra walls in the tank to reduce the volume.

The foundation plate is flexibly mounted and provided with 4 measurement probes using strain gauges, to measure the radial and axial forces. The rise in oxygen content is measured by 4 oxygen probes.

7 LANDUSTRIE TEST FACILITIES Since the middle of the eighties Landustrie has had the necessary facilities to undertake aerator testing in their own full scale test tank. This tank is unique in Europe, and probably in the world, in terms of size and testing possibilities. The dimensions are 20 * 20 * 6 m, creating an effective volume of 2200 m 3, at a water depth of 5.5 m. In the tank a height adjustable bridge is installed in order to be able to simulate lower water depths. There is also the option of inserting extra walls in the tank to reduce the volume. The standard drive-unit of the test installation is a 90 kw drive-unit provided with a variable frequency drive (VFD). The foundation plate is flexibly mounted and provided with 4 measurement probes using strain gauges, to measure the radial and axial forces. The rise in oxygen content is measured by 4 oxygen probes. The measured value of the axial and radial forces, the torque and the oxygen content is monitored by data loggers. In short, the monitoring is fully automatic. Apart from oxygen measurements, vibration, noise level and water flows can be measured. Oxygen measurements are undertaken in potable water, corrected to standard conditions (T= 20 0 C en P0 = 1013 hpa) in compliance with the ATV norms (ATV M209E). In this tank nearly all Landy-7 aerators are tested under different conditions. Landustrie is therefore capable of predicting the efficiency which can be expected under the given conditions. Besides measurements for Landustrie s own use, measurements for third parties can be carried out in the presence of the client. Landustrie test tank

A ERATION R OTORS LANDY-700 Pasveer oxidation ditch LANDY AERATION ROTORS The Landy-700 is an upgrade of the well-known cage rotor.

Normally the Landy aeration rotor is supplied as a package unit, complete with bridge rotor, bearings, drive-unit, splash guards and a bridge.

When no bridge is supplied, the bearings are located directly onto the civil construction. The Landy-700 has a diameter of 700 mm and is available up to a length of 9 m.

For more than 50 years Landustrie has designed, manufactured, supplied and installed several types of aeration rotors.

8 A ERATION R OTORS LANDY-700 Pasveer oxidation ditch LANDY AERATION ROTORS The Landy-700 is an upgrade of the well-known cage rotor. The construction of the Landy-700 is similar to the Landy-1000 type, however the diameter of the brush aerator is limited to 700 mm. Normally the Landy aeration rotor is supplied as a package unit, complete with bridge rotor, bearings, drive-unit, splash guards and a bridge. This compact unit not only allows for a simple civil engineering construction but also facilitates a very simple installation procedure. When no bridge is supplied, the bearings are located directly onto the civil construction. The Landy-700 has a diameter of 700 mm and is available up to a length of 9 m. The oxygenation capacity is, under standard conditions, 54 kg O2/h, at a rotor length of 9 m and an efficiency of 1.8 kg O2/kWh. For more than 50 years Landustrie has designed, manufactured, supplied and installed several types of aeration rotors. Initially, the aerators were installed in the classical Pasveer oxidation ditch, but later they were also applied in several other configurations. Every Landy aeration rotor consists of the following components; rotor bearings drive-unit splash plates baffles Optionally, Landy aeration rotors can be supplied with heated bearings, in order to avoid freezing during cold weather, and splash covers for the avoidance of aerosols. DIFFERENT TYPES Landustrie has developed two standard types, the Landy-700 and the Landy-1000, both of which have the following features; high efficiency robust and reliable construction wide oxygenation capacity range low maintenance costs long life low exploitation costs Depending on specific requirements, it is possible to supply other sizes of aeration rotors. Landy-700 prefab REGULATION OF OXYGENATION For regulation of the oxygenation capacity there are two options: Variation of the rotational speed, effected by a variable frequency drive (VFD) or a pole-changeable electric motor. Variation of the immersion depth of the aerator, effected by overflow weirs.

LANDY-1000 The Landy-1000 aeration rotor is the result of recent research and extensive testing.

Around the tube twelve blades are clamped in a star-shaped configuration.

The width of the blades is 75 mm and the star-shaped blades are slightly staggered from one another.

The Landy-1000 can also be supplied with a prefabricated bridge construction.

The oxygenation capacity under standard conditions is 85 kgo2/h, at a rotor length of 9 m and an

9 LANDY-1000 The Landy-1000 aeration rotor is the result of recent research and extensive testing. The Landy-1000 consists of a hollow seamless steel tube. Around the tube twelve blades are clamped in a star-shaped configuration. This is done by means of bolted connections (not welded). The width of the blades is 75 mm and the star-shaped blades are slightly staggered from one another. Thus, when rotating, not all the blades will hit the water simultaneously, in order to reduce the load on the bearings. On both ends of the tube splash plates are mounted to avoid splashing of the water onto the bearings. The Landy-1000 can also be supplied with a prefabricated bridge construction. The Landy-1000 has a diameter of 1000 mm and is available up to a length of 9 m. The oxygenation capacity under standard conditions is 85 kgo2/h, at a rotor length of 9 m and an efficiency of 2.0 kg O2/kWh. Landy-1000 APPLICATIONS Landy aeration rotors can be installed in both municipal and industrial waste water treatment plants. Landustrie has also supplied Landy aeration rotors for use in potable water installations. LANDY aeration rotor Landy-1000 without bridge Landy-700 with bridge

R ENTAL A ERATORS RENTAL OF SURFACE AERATORS In order to fulfill the growing demand for temporary aeration installations, Landustrie offers the

These rental aerators can be used during the rebuild or renovation of existing waste water treatment plant.

New Landy floating construction RENTAL SUPPLY a Landy-7 high efficiency slow speed surface aerator quick delivery assembling and dismantling of

AERATORS* Motor power 37 kw 55 kw Oxygenation capacity ± 80 kg O2/h ± 110 kg O2/h Diameter (Landy-7) 1800 mm 2000 mm Peripheral speed max.

10 R ENTAL A ERATORS RENTAL OF SURFACE AERATORS In order to fulfill the growing demand for temporary aeration installations, Landustrie offers the hire of a floating Landy-7 slow speed surface aerator. If requested the unit can also be hired without the floating construction. These rental aerators can be used during the rebuild or renovation of existing waste water treatment plant. Of course it is also possible to apply these units for additional aeration, for use in lagoons or pond aeration or for tests in which one wants to compare different aeration systems. PRICING The rental price comprises a weekly rental price, with separate costs for transport, assembling, dismantling and other options. New Landy floating construction RENTAL SUPPLY a Landy-7 high efficiency slow speed surface aerator quick delivery assembling and dismantling of both the existing and rental unit(s) optional supply of variable frequency drive (VFD) minimum rental period is one week TECHNICAL DATA ON RENTAL AERATORS* Motor power 37 kw 55 kw Oxygenation capacity ± 80 kg O2/h ± 110 kg O2/h Diameter (Landy-7) 1800 mm 2000 mm Peripheral speed max. 5 m/s max. 5 m/s Landy rental aerator * On request other units might be available. Landustrie Sneek BV P.O. Box 199 NL-8600 AD Sneek The Netherlands Watertechnology Tel Fax info@landustrie.nl website Office address Pieter Zeemanstraat 6, Sneek ENG.

The activated sludge process

The activated sludge process Most wastewater treatment plants are using the activated sludge process. The heart of such a process mainly consists of an aeration tank, a sedimentation tank or clarifier