LNG FSRU Technology. LNG FS(R)U Arrangements Around The World. Alexander Harsema-Mensonides. LNG Malaysia Forum Kuala Lumpur, March 21st, 2013

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1 FSRU Technology FS(R)U Arrangements Around The World Alexander Harsema-Mensonides Malaysia Forum 2013 Kuala Lumpur, March 21st, 2013

Marine Service GmbH Marine Service GmbH at a glance: Hamburg-based

the mid 1960 s Core business is commercial and technical

shipping terminals / FSRUs / FPSOs Small scale / as marine fuel

9001:2010 certified 30 office staff in Hamburg, 12 25 project

2 Marine Service GmbH Marine Service GmbH at a glance: Hamburg-based marine consultancy firm, founded in 1958, involved in LPG & since the mid 1960 s Core business is commercial and technical consultancy services for: & LPG/ethylene/NH 3 shipbuilding / shipping terminals / FSRUs / FPSOs Small scale / as marine fuel projects Offshore wind farm AC/DC converter platforms ISO 9001:2010 certified 30 office staff in Hamburg, project managers, supervisors & engineers in site offices worldwide 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

3 FSRU Floating Storage & Regasification Unit has the following basic functions: Receipt of brought in by another carrier Storage of Pressurization & regasification of into gas Metering and send-out of gas into on-shore gas pipeline grid Gas Consumers Regas & Send-out FSRU carrier Shore 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

4 FSRU Advantages Advantages of converting an C into FSRU over a onshore terminal: Quicker to implement Cheaper to build Fewer onshore planning procedure issues More flexible location-wise than onshore terminal: If local gas demand falls or has strong seasonal fluctuation the FSRU can be re-located to a more profitable project If the onshore import terminal is completed the FSRU is available for the next project elsewhere 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

5 FS(R)Us Worldwide FSRU in operation FSRU under construction FSRU in planning FSU in operation FSU under construction FSU in planning STL buoy in operation STL buoy under construction STL buoy in planning STL buoy decommissioned Port Meridian Klaipeda Neptune Northeast Gateway Gulf Gateway Port Dolphin Jamaica Cali Aquirre Gasport Cartagena Exmar FLRSU Pecem Krk Israel Mina Al-Ahmadi Jebel Ali Kakinada Gangavaram Lekas Yantai Bataan importer exporter Mejillones GasAtacama Quintero Colbun Talcahuano Escobar Montevideo Bahía Blanca All Saints Bay Aracruz Guanabara Bay Mosselbaai New exports under construction/development Substantial gas reserves for export developments 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

6 FSRUs Worldwide In operation: FSRU Golar Freeze (1977/2011) Source: Viktor Pecem, Brazil, Golar Spirit (1981/2008) Guanabara Bay, Brazil, Golar Winter (2004/2009) DUSUP, Dubai, Golar Freeze (1977/2010) West Java, Indonesia, Golar Nusantara Regas Satu (ex- Khannur 1977/2012) 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

7 Lekas FSRU s Lekas, Malaysia Front: FSU Tenaga Satu (1982/2012) Back: FSU Tenaga Empat (1981/2012) Source: PETRONAS Gas 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

8 Regas System Onboard -155 C -150 C -30 C +15 C 5 bar bar bar bar -155 C -150 C -30 C +15 C Gas 5 bar bar bar bar -155 C -150 C -30 C +15 C 5 bar bar bar bar 6 x 125 MMscfd (25%) booster pumps 3 x 250 MMscfd (50%) vaporizer modules 3 x 250 MMscfd (50%) gas heating modules Source: Cryostar 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

9 Tower Yoke Moored FSRU Leif Höegh Lampung FSRU Source: MODEC 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

STL Buoy Moored SRV SRV Regas & Send-out Gulf Gateway Excelerate (decommisioned 2012) Offshore Louisiana, USA 5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2005 Northeast Gateway - Excelerate Massachusetts Bay,

10 STL Buoy Moored SRV SRV Regas & Send-out Gulf Gateway Excelerate (decommisioned 2012) Offshore Louisiana, USA 5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2005 Northeast Gateway - Excelerate Massachusetts Bay, USA 5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2009 Neptune Leif Höegh & MOL Massachusetts Bay, USA 4 BCMA, 2010 SRV GdF Suez Neptune (2009) Source: Ken Smith Subsea gas pipeline ashore SRV Regas & Send-out 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

Mooring Arrangements (2) Submerged Turret Buoy (STL): FSRU located offshore Exposed to wind, waves, currents and tide Requires sufficient water depth Requires special hull

11 Mooring Arrangements (2) Submerged Turret Buoy (STL): FSRU located offshore Exposed to wind, waves, currents and tide Requires sufficient water depth Requires special hull adeptions Requires underwater gas pipeline Construction at least 2 years RV and STL buoy Source: Excelerate RV and STL buoy Source: Excelerate 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

12 Island Jetty Moored FSRU FSRU Regas & Send-out Subsea gas pipeline ashore carrier Petrobras VT-2 FSRU Golar Winter Guanabara Bay, Brazil 5.1 BCMA, open & closed loop regas March 2013 Malaysia Forum 2013 FSRU Golar Winter (l) and C Golar Maria (r) in Guanabara Bay Source: Rogério Cordeiro 12

13 Guanabara Bay FSRU Golar Spirit (bottom) and RV Excellence (top) in Guanabara Bay Source: Petrobras 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

Regas & Send-out Mooring Arrangements (5) Island-type jetty mooring: Relatively simple construction More difficult access to the vessels Requires sub-sea gas pipeline to

14 Regas & Send-out Mooring Arrangements (5) Island-type jetty mooring: Relatively simple construction More difficult access to the vessels Requires sub-sea gas pipeline to shore FSRU carrier FSRU Golar Spirit (left) and RV Excellence (right) in Guanabara Bay Source: Rogério Cordeiro Subsea gas pipeline ashore 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

15 Island Jetty Moored FSRU FSRU Golar Freeze in Dubai Source: DUSUP Breakwater carrier FSRU Regas & Send-out DUSUP FSRU Golar Freeze Jebel Ali Port, Dubai 4.9 BCMA, open loop regas, 2010 Subsea gas pipeline ashore 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

16 Shore Jetty Moored FSRU carrier FSRU Regas & Send-out Bahía Blanca GasPort Source: Excelerate Teesside GasPort Teesside, UK 2007 DUSAP Jebel Ali Port, Dubai Bahía Blanca 2010 GasPort Bahía Blanca, Argentina Consumers Power gen Industrial Residential 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum 2013 Escobar GasPort Escobar, Argentina

17 Regas & Send-out Mooring Arrangements (3) Jetty-moored, side by side: Simple construction Proven technology Easy vessel access Re-useable in next project phase carrier carrier Bahía Blanca GasPort Source: Excelerate FSRU FSRU Shore Gas 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum 2013

18 Jetty Moored FSRU carrier carrier FSRU FSRU Regas & Send-out Mina Al Ahmadi GasPort Al Fahaiheel, Kuwait 2009 Consumers Power gen Industrial Residential Source: Excelerate 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum 2013 Shore 18

19 Mina Al Ahmadi Gasport Source: Google Earth 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

20 Jetty Moored FSRU FSRU FSRU carrier carrier FSRU Golar Spirit Source: Petrobras Regas & Send-out Shore Consumers Power gen Industrial Residential FSRU Golar Spirit Pecem, Brazil 2.5 BCMA, Closed loop regas March 2013 Malaysia Forum

Regas & Send-out Mooring Arrangements (4) Jetty-moored, over the pier: Safest mooring solution available Simple construction, proven technology Easy vessel

21 Regas & Send-out Mooring Arrangements (4) Jetty-moored, over the pier: Safest mooring solution available Simple construction, proven technology Easy vessel access Re-useable in next project phase FSRU Golar Spirit (1981/2008) at Pecem Source: Google Earth FSRU carrier FSRU Shore Gas 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum 2013

5m Hs) Little relative motion allowed between the two vessels in order to avoid hull and superstructure damage

22 Ship-to-Ship Transfer Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer: Side-by-side: delivery reliability very much dependent on weather and sea state (=< 1.5m Hs) Little relative motion allowed between the two vessels in order to avoid hull and superstructure damage Tandem mooring: Requires special offloading equipment onboard the C Wider weather window (=< 3.0m Hs) STS transfer Source: Exmar Tandem Mooring SYMO system Source: SBM Offshore 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

23 Shore FSU Floating Storage Unit (FSU): Simple construction for quick implementation Shore based, jetty-mounted of barge-mounted regas and power generation equipment Regas module can be re-used for shore based terminal FSU can be quickly replaced with another C whenever required carrier FSRU Regas & Send-out Consumers FSU 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

24 FSU Shopping List carrier Age of the vessel not critically important Condition of the cargo containment system vital booster pump module vaporizers: Submerged combustion Open rack vaporizers (ORV) Air vaporizers 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

25 Jetty Moored FSU FSU Shore Regas & Send-out carrier C BW Suez Boston (left) and FSU BW GdF Suez Brussels at GNL Mejllones Source: GNL Mejillones Consumers Power gen Industrial Residential Mejillones - Phase I FSU BW GdF Suez Brussels (2009) Antofagasta, Chile March 2013 Malaysia Forum

26 Island Jetty Moored FSU FSU Regas & Send-out FSU Subsea gas pipeline ashore Q-flex C Lekas FSU Tenaga Satu (1982) FSU Tenaga Empat (1981) Sungai Udang, Melaka, Malaysia March 2013 Malaysia Forum 2013 Lekas, Malaysia Source: PETRONAS Gas 26

27 Site Selection Site conditions have strong impact on delivery and gas send-out reliability Site selection is also a key cost driver: Offshore v/s inshore Waves, wind, tides, currents, climate, storm risk Water depth, navigational hazards, accessibility Connection to onshore gas grid Environmental regulations: Is it allowed to use seawater as heat source? Max ΔT? NO x and SO x emission limits within territorial waters? 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

28 in Malaysia FRUs are in use (Lekas ) FPSO is on order Long Malaysian coastline is very suitable for small scale distribution arrangements Relatively benign weather with high ambient temperatures year round, suitable for open rack vaporization and use of cold for refrigeration Imported price v/s domestic gas price distribution by truck / container 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

29 Concluding Remarks FSRUs are an accepted solution for temporary and long-term imports FSRU technology available and mature FSRU solutions are lower on CAPEX and quicker to deploy than land based terminals Offshore FSRU projects have lower delivery and gas send-out reliability due to weather and see state than land-based terminal FSRU prices driven up by scarcity of suitable older tonnage 20 March 2013 Malaysia Forum

Thank you very much for your kind attention For more information, please contact Marine Service GmbH Mattentwiete 1, D-22587

30 Thank you very much for your kind attention For more information, please contact Marine Service GmbH Mattentwiete 1, D Hamburg, Germany Alexander Harsema-Mensonides Senior Engineer

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