Usage differences between bikes and e-bikes

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1 Usage differences between bikes and e-bikes Mobile Ghent 13 October 24 th 25 th 2013 Ghent, Belgium Dominik Allemann 1, Martin Raubal 1, Moritz Meenen 2 1 Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zürich, Switzerland 2 ElectricFeel Mobility Systems GmbH, Zürich, Switzerland D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

2 Outline Motivation Approach Results Conclusions & future work D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

3 Motivation (I) Discussions about modes of mobility Energy security Emissions Usage of space Need for sustainable transportation alternatives D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

4 Motivation (II) Shared mobility Car sharing reduce kilometers travelled by car induce modal shifts (public transport; human powered mobility) Shaheen et al. (2010) Bike sharing last mile solution increase bike usage for commuting purposes unattractive in hilly environments for people with limited physical endurance D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

5 How do bikers differ from e-bikers Regarding general trip characteristics? preferences for certain facility types? perception of chosen route? route choice factors? D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

6 Approach GPS location tracking of bikes and e-bikes Differences investigated based on GPS tracking data Field study for a specific origin-destination relation Tracking set-up Telic Picotrack mounted on racks using hook&loop fastener Measurement every 30 meters GSM-Module Accuracy? D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

7 Approach Field ETH Zürich Testride ETH Hönggerberg ETH Zentrum 21 participants (students & employees) 11 with e-bike 10 with bike Questionnaire Convenience & safety Route choice factors D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

8 Approach Field Study: Questionnaire Snippet Route choice factors rate importance 4 levels Same for route perception D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

9 Approach Track Evaluation General Characteristics Length Duration Velocity Traffic Lights Bike trails official route without further measures along streets with low traffic along street with traffic ban visually separated cycling lane physically separated cycling lane D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

10 Results General Characteristics Velocity Uphill rides: e-bikes significantly faster (20% level of significance; p-value: 0.151) Duration No significant differences Mean Trip Velocity E-Bikes Bikes Downhill trip speed 23.7 km/h 24 km/h Uphill trip speed 19.6 km/h 17.2 km/h Mean Trip Duration E-Bikes Bikes Downhill 16 min 17 min Uphill 20 min 22 min Length No significant differences D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

11 Results Bike Trails (I) Majority of tracked kilometers occurred on bike trails More e-bike kilometers on bike trails... where exposure to vehicular traffic is higher with occurrence along streets where higher traffic volume is assumed Assumption: Lower aversion of e-bikers riding among vehicular traffic D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

12 Results Bike Trails (II) 10% level of significance 20% level of significance D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

13 Results Route Choice Factors Relative Ranking Downhill E-Bikes Ranking Criteria 1 Minimal distance 2 Avoidance of steep segments 3 Low traffic volume Bikes Ranking Criteria 1 Minimal distance 2 High share of paths & lanes 2 Low traffic volume Uphill E-Bikes Ranking Criteria 1 Minimal distance 2 Route known from previous rides 2 High share of paths & lanes 2 Low traffic volume Bikes Ranking Criteria 1 Minimal distance 2 High share of paths & lanes 2 Low traffic volume D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

14 Results Route Choice Factors Absolute Stated Importance Distance downhill not important at all e-bikes crucial bikes uphill not important at all e-bikes crucial bikes D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

15 Results Route Choice Factors Absolute Stated Importance High share of cycling lanes & paths downhill not important at all e-bikes crucial bikes uphill not important at all e-bikes crucial bikes D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

16 Results Route Choice Factors Absolute Stated Importance The chosen route was strenuous downhill e-bikes not correct at all fully correct uphill not correct at all bikes e-bikes fully correct bikes D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

17 Conclusions E-bikers are faster Riding on bike trails is preferred by bikes and e-bikes E-bikers rather ride along main routes of vehicular traffic Types of bike trails used More traffic lights per kilometer Physical activity remains crucial factor while e-biking D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

18 Limitations Dataset Larger Samples Season Further factors influencing the route choice Link stated preferences with tracking data D. Allemann, M. Raubal, M. Meenen

19 Thank you for your attention! References Dill, J., and G. Rose, (2012): E-bikes and Transportation Policy: Insights from Early Adopters. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, forthcoming. Shaheen S.A., S. Guzman and H. Zuang, (2010): Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2143 (1), pp Stinson, M.A. and C.R. Bhat, (2003): Commuter Bicyclist Route Choice: Analysis Using a Stated Preference Survey. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 1828, pp Stinson, M. A. and C.R. Bhat, (2005). A Comparison of the Route Preferences of Experienced and Inexperienced Bicycle Commuters. Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, Transportation Research Board 84 th Annual Meeting, Washington D.C.

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