REGIONAL MULTIMODAL TRANSIT ACCESS

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1 REGIONAL MULTIMODAL TRANSIT ACCESS GIS in Transit Conference September 3, 2015 Will Gillespie Principal Analyst, Strategic Planning

2 THE RTA Regional financial & budgetary oversight, funding, and transit planning 3 operating agencies CTA (City of Chicago rapid transit, bus) Metra (commuter rail) Pace (suburban bus & ADA paratransit) 630 million trips annually 8.4 million residents 3,700 square miles in 6 counties 2

3 MOBILITY? OR ACCESSIBILITY? Mobility is how far you can go in a given time Jarret Walker, Human Transit Accessibility is the ease of reaching valued destinations Owen & Levinson, Access Across America 3

8 SO, WHY MAKE ANOTHER? Because this level of analysis is POWERFULL at the agency level Project performance measurement With this rail extension, daily ridership is expected to be 2,000 people, eliminating 100,000 daily vehicle miles on local highways, and providing every rider access to an additional 50,000 jobs within 60 minutes by transit Service adjustment analysis Eliminating this critical bus route would make it take 50% longer for local residents dependent on transit to reach the same number of jobs Access to places analysis On average, area residents are within 30 minutes by transit of a grocery store, but in these low-income areas it can take up to an hour to access fresh food Multi-modal network performance When including walk to transit access alongside driving to park-n-ride access, an average of 1.3 million jobs are within a 90 minute commute of every resident in the region 8

9 ACCESS MEASUREMENT IS A TOOL ALL PLANNERS SHOULD HAVE And, such a tool should give us the ability to: 1. Choose case-specific origins and destinations 2. Adjust the network & service 3. Analyze multi-modal access 4. Report relevant statistics and measures 5. Create engaging and persuasive visuals 9

10 Access Across America ½-mile radius

11 MULTIMODAL ACCESS IS IMPORTANT About 135,000 people make a round-trip on Metra (commuter rail) every day Other Bike Bus & Other Transit To get to their origin station: 2,000 bike (or other) 5,000 ride a bus Walk 39,000 walk 89,000 drive* Drive 11 *Includes driving alone, carpool, drop-off, and taxi

12 Resources 1) Scheduled Transit Service (GTFS) 2) Street Map 3) Origins & Destinations (shapes/data) 4) Analysis Tool 12

13 ADD GTFS TO A NETWORK DATASET 1. Adds a point for every stop in the system from GTFS stops.txt 2. Connects points based on trip patterns in GTFS stop_times.txt 3. Attaches stops to street network 4. Organizes stop arrival/departure times by route and trip for network analyst to incorporate 13

CHICAGO ANALYSIS GEOGRAPHY Chicago Origins and Destinations Census Blocks Best scale for measuring walk-level travel 105,000 = 11 billion O-D combinations Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning

14 CHICAGO ANALYSIS GEOGRAPHY Chicago Origins and Destinations Census Blocks Best scale for measuring walk-level travel 105,000 = 11 billion O-D combinations Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) subzones Subzones = ½ mile squares. Reasonable scale for assessing walk-level travel 16,500 = 272 million O-D combinations CMAP subzones within transit walk distance: 5,000 = 25 million O-D combinations 14

15 NETWORK ANALYST OD-COST MATRIX Finds lowest cost (min) route between O & D Can constrain: Travel route by segment attribute Cutoff value (90 min) Destinations to find (1-all) Can t (easily) constrain: Require transit trip Ratio of transit/walk/drive trip time Number of transfers 15

16 RUNNING THE ANALYSIS In ArcMap, about 1 hour 5,000 O s and 5,000 D s Finding all destinations with 90 minute cutoff Not bad! But What about a 3-hour rush period? A little over a week ugh But wait! With a little Python programming you can reduce this by a factor of the # of cores 8 virtual cores and we re down to 1 day 16

17 SOLVE RESULTS RUN #1 WALK-TO-TRANSIT ACCESS Origin: Subzone ID Destin: Subzone ID OD_Pair: Origin SZ Destin SZ TimeOfDay: Departure time (seconds after 00:00:00) TravelTime: Trip total (seconds) up to 4.5 billion rows! 17

18 POST-PROCESSING IN SQL Average over the AM Rush Destination Jobs Jobs from Origin, in 10 minutes or less 20 minutes 30 minutes 18

19 WALK + TRANSIT AM RUSH (6-9A) WALK + TRANSIT MIDDAY (11A-2P) 19

20 TIME OF DAY JOB ACCESS 74% of the region s population is within walking distance of transit 31% of the geographic area is within walking distance of transit On average, 960,000 jobs (26% of all jobs), are accessible within 90 minutes by walking+transit in the Midday During the AM Rush, this rises to 1.15 million jobs (30% of all jobs), due to greater peak service levels 20

21 ADAPTING THE TOOL FOR DRIVE-TO ACCESS Calculate drive times to transit Set some assumptions/rules: 1. Not driving to local bus stops 2. Not driving to just any rail station Land/parking/traffic constraints Use officially designated PNR/KNRs 3. Only drive to nearest PNR (or 2 nd nearest on different line/service) 4. Driving gets an additional penalty (time) 5. Destination side remains a walk-connection 21

22 RUNNING THE ANALYSIS A SECOND.AND THIRD TIME Run #1 Walk-Access: 5,000 subzones to 5,000 subzones Drive to PNR Access: Run #2: Driving from 16,500 subzones to 1 PNR on every line/service Run #3: Transit/Walk from 222 PNRs to 5,000 subzones Join run 2 & 3 by PNR and sum travel time That s up to 200 trillion combinations over the rush period! 22

23 SOLVE RESULTS RUN #2 ORIGIN TO PNR Origin: Subzone ID Destin: PNR ID OD_Pair: Origin SZ Destin PNR TimeOfDay: Departure time (seconds after 00:00:00) TravelTime: Trip total (seconds) 23

24 SOLVE RESULTS RUN #3 PNR TO DESTINATION Origin: PNR ID Destin: Subzone ID OD_Pair: Origin PNR Destin Subzone TimeOfDay: Departure time (seconds after 00:00:00) TravelTime: Trip total (seconds) 24

25 POST-PROCESSING IN SQL PNR access point +5 min. drive buffer Duplicates = 1) Walk+transit 2) PNR+transit 25

26 WALK + TRANSIT W + T + PARK-N-RIDE AM Rush (6a-9a)

27 W + T + PARK-N-RIDE WALK + TRANSIT AM Rush (6a-9a) 30 MIN 60 MIN 90 MIN 27

28 MAP OF RED LINE PROJECT PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT This tool gives us the ability to add GTFS scheduled service for projects that don t yet exist and test the regional and local impact of a project on accessibility 28

29 WITH RED LINE WITHOUT RED LINE

30 Red Line Walk Access RED LINE INCREMENTAL JOB ACCESS Within 50 minutes, the Red Line connects, on average: Every resident in region to to 17,640 additional jobs Every resident in walk distance to transit to 23,516 additional jobs Every resident in walk distance to Red Line 30 to 107,726 additional jobs

31 POPULATION, ACCESS, DENSITY 10,000 residents per sq. mile 31

32 WHAT S NEXT? 32

Arnold Hinojosa

Policy Analysis of the Mass Transit Challenges Facing Rapidly Growing Southern and Western Cities and How These Challenges Can Be Addressed Using the Model Set by Chicago Arnold Hinojosa ahinojosa@kentlaw.edu