The Iowa Homemaker vol.2, no.10

Transcription

1 Volume 2 Number 10 The owa Homemaker vol.2, no.10 Artcle The owa Homemaker vol.2, no.10 Mldred Boyt owa State College Vola M. Bell owa State College Ethel Huebner owa State College Eleanor Murray owa State College Juanta Beard owa State College See next page for addtonal authors Follow ths and addtonal works at: Part of the Home Economcs Commons Recommended Ctaton Boyt, Mldred; Bell, Vola M.; Huebner, Ethel; Murray, Eleanor; Beard, Juanta; Rayburn, Esther Ellen; Beyer, Jeanette; and Schleter, Harrett (1922) "The owa Homemaker vol.2, no.10," The owa Homemaker: Vol. 2 : No. 10, Artcle 1. Avalable at: Ths Artcle s brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publcatons at owa State Unversty Dgtal Repostory. t has been accepted for ncluson n The owa Homemaker by an authorzed edtor of owa State Unversty Dgtal Repostory. For more nformaton, please contact dgrep@astate.edu.

2 The owa Homemaker vol.2, no.10 Authors Mldred Boyt, Vola M. Bell, Ethel Huebner, Eleanor Murray, Juanta Beard, Esther Ellen Rayburn, Jeanette Beyer, and Harrett Schleter Ths artcle s avalable n The owa Homemaker:

3 VOL. JANUARY, 1923 No.lO

4 11-M- M M- - M- A-M- N--M-oM-- -U- hu- M-N- -N-M-H- ---n-!!-n-t-mm- - :-- -~ M--N---11-'t' Shall t be Resoluton or Dssoluton? The y ear 1922 dawned glorously. The very atmosphere was stm1tlatng, and n the crsp crystallne ar, one saw the scroll of months qute clearly. The okt P1trtan n one besttrecl herself to plan tor the cl eans ng and purfyng of her p ersonal ams and ambtons. t was easy n the glow of N ew Y ear's r esolves to look back on the b1~sy clays of D ecember, 1921, and say, " shall nevet agan put off my ChTstmas plans tor so long." t was easy to look back on November and wonclet w hat one dd wth those long even.tngs. The memoty of OctobeT was brght and clear, and nstnctvely one thought, "why dd w aste any of those beautj1t! days ncloots? NeveT agan.! 'm gong to get out each nwrnng whle the sun s hgh and revel n OctoceT's colors. 'm gong to let the sun shne nto my so1tl and l et color llumne the pages of my drab exstance. WeTe you f eelng lke that n JanuaTy, 1922, and ane yo1t stll feelmg t n JanuaTy, 1923? B eautj1t! year before me. w hat do y ou hold? Your face s nscrutble, but yout arms ate flled w th gfts, gfts to k eep and gfts to gve away. ~Although y01t do mot speak, you seem to say that ths year wll be my best. You ac~mt that amon,g the gfts are sorrows and dsappontments. Y01t brought t hese last y ear, n full m easure, yet t s hard even now to call them gfts. True t s t hat have a deepened symtjathy, a wdet love. What joys are yo1t brngng, B eautful One? New ftemdshps? Renewals of the olcl ones? Lovng l etters jtom the understandng hearts jar <Away? Y ou say you brng m e twelve golden months of tme; tme to work, tme to pzay, tme that tools you and slps away. Oh, y es, know 've had ths gft before and 'm l earnng, slowly learnng to tr easute tme. ( THNK waste a lttle l ess each year.) What s ths, B eautf1tl Y ear, ths gft that s green and seems to grow? t s a lttle tree and you have added n ew branches. s t the tree of know l edge of good and evl? Must one lve to be very, very old cefore one knows how to Uve? One aooumulates knowledge of lfe's good thngs so easly she hardly realzes that she must. CO'/'?' stantly make choces. Ths lttle tree wll remnc~ me to KEEP growng. must njever be content wth so small a store of knowledge, nor so narrow nterests. Shall talk l ess and Teacl more? Shall talk l ess and thnk more? What s ths fragle package, New Y ear? M emores you say? have so many now, what shal'l do wth them? t s not w hat 'll do w th the m, but what they'll do wth n~e? You u:ant me to be more thoughtful of brthdays, l ess fotgetful of annversares of joy and sotrow? January, February, March, yes, Aprl, May and June-each has an annversary. Some are sad and some gay, but each has swoet m emores. A letter, a telegram, a box of candy, a gft wll "keep my sprts broad awake". s that your secret, New Y ear? What s t that wll keep us lvng up to OUT best? t s so easy now, wth ChTstmas just behnd us ana 1923 just before us, to make solemn 1 esolutons. Why clo they dssolve nto thn ar? Shall we even rememcer them n August? B eautful Y eat, the longer look at you, the mote sure am that GeoTge Elot has exptessed my one bg resoluton and that f k eep t before m e, all others wll be added unto me: "May reach That purest heaven-be t o other souls The cup of strength n some g1 eat agony; Enkndle genetous ardor, feed pute love; B eget the smles that have no cruelty; B e the sweet presence of a good dffused, And n dffuson be ever more ntense! So shall j on the chor nvsble Whose musc s the gladness of the w or ld.'' - Eda Lord Murphy M Mn M

5 THE low A HOMEMAKER "A Magazne for Homemakers from a Homemaker's School " VOLUME 2 JANUARY, 1923 NUMBER 10 Mrrors-Antque to Ultra Modern By MLDRED BOYT WHEN n New York one always spends consderable tme wanderng thru the shops and stores, makng snall purchases h er e and there, but prncpally feastng unaccustomed eyes to the splendor and magntude of the lnes of good.s on dsplay. n one of these huge stores s an entre floor gven over to pctures. They are all there, the ones you know, and the ones you do not know. After walkng on and on untl you feel completely "fed up," as the sayng goes, you see one more door, go n and presto-you are n faryland! The walls are completely covered wth mrrors, large and small, each reflectng and re-reflectng lghts, and mrrors untl you seem to be n an endless palace made of myrads of lghts. After the frst mpresson wears off you wander from one to another tryng to decde whch s the lovelest, and wonderng why you wasted tme wth the pctures. Of course you wll never leave wthout takng at least one along, but to do ths ntellgently you must know somethng about mrrors, or should say lookng glasj?es, for authortes nsst that the term mrror apples only to the small oval shaped frame wth a convex glass. Altho we commonly apply the term mrror to the ornamental lookng glasses and lookng glass to those we have for common use. The frst lookng glasses that were used were pools of stll water n the woods, then polshed steel and other such substances came n. n the ffteenth century the art of makng lookng glasses was dscovered n taly, and small hand glasses and wall mrrors wthout frames were made. Framed lookng glasses were not developed untl later n the century. The French and talans soon were makng beautful elaborate frames. The art was passed to England n 1670 when the Duke of Buckngham ntroduced Venetan glass makers and started a factory at Lambeth. These lookng glasses were very plan, many of them not beautful. They were strctly useful and not ornamentatve, as the Englsh durng the seventeenth and eghteenth centures dd not favor them for decoraton. n 1888 the ancent Roman art of mak-. ng plate glass was revved, and from that tme on the use of lookng glasses became more common and less expensve. Before ths tme they were consdered as badges of wealth, luxures few could afford. The earler glasses were small, or some were large frames contanng a combnaton of small panes of glass. t was at ths tme that the ancestors of our modern vanty cases came nto beng for the lades carred small lookng glasses n fans, grdles, or n specal frames, whle the beaux of Queen Elzabeth's court wore mrror brooches, and carred snuff-boxes wth mrror covers. Dfferent types of mrrors were developed as need demanded them. For nstance, the horzontal mrror- came n wth sde burns, and went out when turbans came n style. Ths may be exaggerated, but t s a good llustraton of the way mrrors vary wth the fashon. The most characterstc feature of the e-lder Englsh glasses s a shallow hard ground bevelng, about one nch wde around the edge. However t s not by the glass but by the frames that we tell the real antques, for exceptng the very frst lookng glasses have always had frames. Dd you know that even tho the frame s an antque f new glass has been substtuted the lookng glass s not consdered as a real antque and you should not pay as much for t? Early frames were made of brass. n the tme of James slver frames were much n vogue. Durng the Wllam and Mary perod frames were of walnut, and Dutch marquetry. The most common materals for these frames were walnut, varous soft woods glded or slvered, glded compo and after 1690 lacquered or Japanese trmmed wood. The most dstngushng features of the Wllam and Mary and the Queen Anne perods are narrow frames curved at the top. F'rench and Dutch desgns prevaled untl the more marked development of the early eghteenth century. These mrrors had narrow slghtly rounded walnut frames that followed the contour of the glass. The Queen Anne frames were more beautful and elaborate, they were flat and broad and were ether sold or veneered walnut. They are very smlar to a certan type of frames developed durng the Georgan perod, and are easly confused wth these. The edges of the Queen Anne frames were cut nto graceful curves wth a broken arch af the top. Some had urns n these broken arches that contaned wred flowers. These were called Blboas probably because t was the term frst. appled to mrrors brought back from foregn shores. The ways of jonng the small panes of glass together n the larger mrrors gve some hnt as to ther age, for before 1750 the lower pece was beveled so as to overlap the upper one. After that mouldngs were used to cover the joned places or the frame was made n two sectons. n the earler mrrors the glass was shaped n curves at the top but the later ones are square although the frame may be round. From 1750 to 1780 was the Chppendale perod. Gult frames were very popular, a nd mrrors had from four to fve panes of glass. A characterstc combnaton of detals were the French rococo and chnes. At frst these detals were flat, but were soon rased by means of paste, or carved nto the wood. Many of th<!. lookng glasses were decorated wth serous, shells, carvngs resemblng water falls, human fgures or those of anmals. Many had medallons at the top or bottom. Begnnng wth 1786 we made mrrors n our own country and fortunate ndeed s the housewfe who boasts one of these real honest to goodness herlooms. The consttuton mrror had a flat frame of sold or veneered mahogany cut n curves at the bottom, decorated wth glded paste ornaments hung on wre at the sdes, and wth an eagle at the top. A lttle later the eagle was put n bas relef just above the glass, and the frames were planer. Grandoles had crcular convex glass and crcular frames decorated by heavy candlestcks at the bottom, the nevtable eagle at the top, and the whole lavshly covered wth glt. Other mantle glasses or chmney peces have been popular snce the s eventeenth cejltury. About <lval and oblong shaped lookng glasse~ were poplar, but were later replaced by a large mrror made of three panes of glass dvded by mouldngs, the mddle panes larger than the end panes. Sume of these mrrors had frames made of small thn strps of salmon colored marble. n the nneteenth century the Empre style came nto general use. These are often wrongly called colonal. They are decorated wth pllars and altho rather garsh have a certan classc beauty. Those of us who are fortunate enough to have antques should use great care n placng them where they look best. French and talan mrrors are rather hard to adapt to the average home and onlv look well n French or talan rooms. However the Englsh mrrors are adapt-

6 2 able, and always look well. Perod glasses are always decoratve and add the last needed touch to a perod room. When n doubt as to where a mrror should go, try t n varous places untl you have just the effect you want. Don't thnk just because a lookng glass has always hung n one certan place that t gves the best effect there. The mportance of the mrror n decoraton s apt to be under estmated. The most attractve THE OWA HOMEMAKER house may be made stll more attractve by plenty of well placed mrrors. They lghten a dark corner, and a spot that s hard to decorate may be made attractve by so placng a mrror that t reflects a charmngly decorated spot. Our grandparents were cleverer n the use of mrrors than are we, for they used them over freplaces and betwees wndows, always wth the purpose of decoratng the space they flled. One way to avod the hgh prces of beautful mrrors s to obtan a slghtly damaged wnd sheld glass from a gar age, have t slvered and framed. Ths not only s advantageous as to Prce but the plate glass s of the best, and the frame s exactly what you want. Don't let the dark nook go undecorated for lack of an ol pantng or tapestrybut gve the same effect wth a mrrored reflecton of an opposte bt of color. As We Buy Meat By VOLA M. BELL, Assocate Professor of Home Economcs Y E.S, 'll take a beef roast. Oh, three to four pounds wll be ajlple," and wth that, the housewfe hangs up the recever. The supply and good nature of her butcher determne whether or not, her famly enjoy the sad roast. "s gnorance blss," concernng meat cuts? More puzzlng than the work of an Elte pattern may be the recognton of varous cuts of meat. t s no wonder, that frequently a harassed, hurred mother wll leave the choe to the jolly, rotund, meat cutter. From the carcasses, often hangng n the shop, a few moments nformaton may be gleaned as the breakfast bacon s beng wrapped. The round s one of the most commonly used cuts. t s from the mddle of the carcass? Names may or may not be descrptve of the locaton, the bone, or shape of the cut. The reputaton of a certan nn servng always a partcular cut of beef, caused t to be called "Porter-house" steak. Sundry names often dsguse "boneless" cuts. dentcal cuts n the shoulder are known by varous names n the dfferent anmals. Experenced buyers are sometmes at a Joss, when n another secton of the country. Localty, tradton and demand cause varaton n the "fashon" of meat cuttng. Beef Veal Beef 1. Hnd Shank 2. Round 3. Rump 4. Lon 5. Flank 6. Plate 7. Rbs Chuck Neck 10. Foreshank Veal Hnd Shank "Cutlets" 3. Rump 4. Lon 5. Breast 6. Breast 7. Rbs 8. Shoulder 9. Neck 10. Foreshank The above dagrrums may explan n part, the relaton of the wholesale cuts of beef, veal, lamb, and pork. n the last two, some of the cuts are retal cuts as well. Most carcasses are splt n half down the back bone, unless n case of veal or lamb, where ether the carcass s small, or fancy cuts are desred. The average weghts of one-half beef carcass s 450 lbs; one-half veal 90 lbs.; one-half lamb carcass 30 lbs., and one-half pork carcass 100 lbs. The leg of amb and ham of pork are the bnd shank, round and rump of beef and veal. The belly of,pork-bacon when cured (the part for whch the rest was made), s breast, or flank and plate of the others. The lon of pork s the combnaton, or flank and plate of the others. The lon of pork s the combnaton of the rbs and lon of the others. "Steaks" n beef, cut usually from round, lon and chuck, are n veal, lamb, and pork-"chops." Lon chops, the same prce as rb chops, have the tenderlon muscle and much Jess bone. The tenderlon muscle runs through the lon, underneath the back bone. When removed and sold separately t brngs a hgher prce, but the choce part of a porterhouse steak or lon chop s lost. "Tenderlons" often are from nferor anmals, where the whole carcass could not be sold over the block. Home butchers are fast realzng the value of leavng the tenderlon muscle ntact. Rb roast bought wth the "rb n" n sure ease of carvng, and less plate muscle left on. Only the conscence of the butcher prevents hm from leavng four to sx nches of the placte muscle when a "rolled rb roast" s ordered. Why not sell a half pound or so of tough meat at the prce of tender meat? n pork, however ths s the coveted bacon. Careful examnaton of a cut, to dentfy the bone, the characterstc muscle and "gran" of the meat s nvaluable. The "T" shaped back bone and the tenderlon muscle dfferentate a porterhouse steak from a chuck steak; a lon chop from a shoulder chop. The three large muscles of the round cuts contrast wth the dfferent shaped muscle and the small round. muscle of the shoulder. A bref table may be worked out for the selecton of~meat. Carcase Lean Fat Bone Beef Brght red Creamy color Hard Veal Pnk f any, whte Bloody Mutton Dull red Hard, whte Whte Lamb Dark pnk Hard, whte Bloody Pork Pale pnk Soft, whte Bloody Meat n good condton bas lttle or no odor, and s frm, f gently. pressed by the fnger. The hghest qualty of fat s around the kndneys; kdney suet for puddngs; kdney fat or "leaf fat" fat for lard. Some general comparsons of lean, fat and bone, usng beef as the example, are nterestng. Round and chuck are the leanest cuts of the carcass. Lon and rb cuts are ntermedate. The flank s low n lean, havng two-thrds fat and no bone, whle the foreshank s hgh n per-. centage of bone. The rump s made up of about one-half lean and one-thrd vsble fat. Lon and rbs make up only one-fourth of the weght, but represent one-fourth of the retal cost. To speak of the retal prce of the partcular.cut, t must be remembered that tenderness, gran, color, general appearance and convenence of cookng are mportant tems. The demand for certan cuts may mean, that other cuts of the carcass have a lower prce. Recent experments have taught us of the vtamn content of the brans, lver and heart. The head, tongue, kdneys, and tal may be made nto palatable dshes. A popular European food s made from the lnng of the thrd beef stomach, "honey-comb," trpe. The daphragm of the beef, a long narrow dark muscle, s well known as "butcher's or "skrt" steak. Where attached to the back bone t s falsely called "hangng tenderlon," Lamb 1. Leg 2. Leg 3. Leg 4. Lon 5. Breast 6. Breast 7. Rbs 8. Shoulder 9. Neck 10. Shank Pork 1. Ham 2. Ham Ham Lon 5. Breast Breast Lon Shoulder Shoulder Shoulder Head Lamb Pork the last word beng qute msleadng. Throat "sweet breads," glands regulatng growth; present n veal, amb and young pork are great delcaces. An ntellgent buyer of meats, as an ntellgent buyer of clothng, receves a great deal of consderaton. A butcher s always glad to nforn one, and takes prde, that nto the market comes some one, who knows.

7 THE low A HOMEMA\ER 3 A Trp Through Healthland By ETHEL HUEBNER EALTH habts are.the most vtal H problems a mother has to confnwt. No mother can be too busy wth outsde dutes to neglect the every-day health habts of her lttle ones. The wse mother crnges at the thought of "musts" and "don'ts" and endeavors to orgnate a better method by whch she can teach her chldren personal health habts. Snce the nstncts of chldren are never to be crushed t s the duty of every mother to provde expresson for these nstncts and n every manner to gude them. From ths standpont why not work out a scheme for the cultvaton of health habts for the lttle ones whch nvolves the natural nstncts and results n "wlls' and "want to's?" Why not put the acqurng of health habts of youngsters n the form of a game, callng t a journey to "!lealthland?" f ths s carefully earned out the chldren, fndng expresson for. ther nstncts wll take ntense nterest m the game and the whole health problem wll became a very much easer task for the mother as well as the lvely youngsters. Let us start the eventful journey to the happy "Healthland," wth mother as our fathful engneer, father as our dependable conductor and lttle Mary and John {fve or seven years) as the precous passengers. Ther tckets are a quart of mlk apece each day for mother realzes that ths amount s requred for her chldren's proper growth and vtalty. Each day as they pass through the statons they tarry at "Toothbrush Juncton" n the mornng and evenng especally. Here they open ther kts and brush ther teeth for f they are to reach Healthland ther teeth must be n good condton. Wth the beauty and joy of "Healthland" explaned by mother the chldren want to brush ther teeth and a habt s soon formed. The games of "Healthland" are lke brght stars n the heavens and each day they are antcpated. Out under the brght stars mother explans the beauty and purty of the heavenly mlky way. But the chldren too, have an magnary mlky way on ther journey so they are eager to eat the cream and mlk on ~ereals and puddngs. f mother explams how coffee and tea and spces would darken ther mlky way, a good habt n nutrton s formed by substtutng mlk and water and plenty of t. At least sx glasses of water a day besdes the mlk s mother's am. s s not surprsng that the chldren take nterest n the thngs whch they can understand and share n the dong. "Tdytown" s a staton where the lttle folks must stop before each meal and mother tells them that here they can clean up durng the journey so that they can enjoy all the places n "Healthland." Face and hands are washed and nals cleaned so that they wll be ready to vst the many wonders of ther journey. Fary tales have told of forests and the chldren have magned such places. As they journey to "Healthland" they can have ther magnary forest-say "Vtamn Forest." t s here that mother brngs n the enjoyment of oranges and other fruts and vegetables. There s no reason why the youngsters cannot be taught to eat these necessary vtamn foods. Mother tells them of ths green forest, of the green folage that has carefully protected the fruts and vegetables, and how n turn the oranges, carrots, tomatoes, etc., wll protect ther bodes so that they wll be strong and happy n "Healthland." Ths habt of eatng the growt)l promotng foods s one whch should not be left for the chld to cultvate later. Nor s the proper chewng of foods neglected, for mother watches carefully that the food s not washed down wth water or mlk. Tactful mother arouses mtaton, love of approbaton, and nterest and thus good eatng habts are cultvated. To eat candy, cakes and pastry between meals s harmful to the bodes of the chldren. Mother teaches them th!;;, and after vstng "Vtamn Forest" mother tres to have pure wholesome candes on hand so that her lttle ones can enjoy the proper vst to "Sweet grove." n ths way t s easer to guard aganst the eatng of wholesome candy and other foods between meals. t s by appealng to the nstncts of play, wonder, curosty, and mtaton that the nutrton habts-the most mportant of health habts are put nto effect. Durng the journey mother sets a certan tme for play and gudes the play as much as possble. Ths s the tme when the chldren vst "Play Hll" and are taught farness, sportsmanshp. generosty and good Part of every day s "No mother should be too busy to neglect the everyday health habts of her lttle ones." played out of doors where there s room for acton and benefts from the ar and sun are obtaned. n damp or rany weather mother teaches them to wear ther rubbers whch are lttle boats to keep them safe and dry. Many a creek and flooded street are crossed when they journey n ther lfe-savng equpment. "Solder Revew" s never neglected as the chldren travel on to "Healthland." Wth mother as the captan, posture s gven correct attenton. Chldren love to play solder and mother teaches them to st correctly, stand and walk correctly so that they can breathe deeply, and be her strong lttle solders on home guard. How they thoroughly enjoy solder and ther solder parades! Each day as the journey progresses mother gudes her babes through "Happyland." Here there are fountans of good nature and statues of peace about whch they are told. f anythng goes wrong mother remnds them to look around to fnd a fountan or statue for her. Ths can be so cultvated that the youngsters soon remnd each other of the "Happyland." Mother's love.desres that her chldren be content and happy, and that nothng shall hnder ther health as they rapdly progress toward the famous land. Some chldren dslke to take baths but f mother tells them of the pleasantness and fun of "Bathtubvlle," they are easly nduced to stop there on ths journey. Ths stop s made two or three tmes a week and most often just before enterng "Slumberland." The waves and waterfal!s are on the scenc route through ths "splashng" staton and are thoroughly enjoyed as well as looked forward to. "Slumberland"-'ts a noted place for plenty of tme to rest, plenty of fresh, cool ar, a clean, snug bed and splendd opportunty for growth. "Play Hll" tres the lttle ones and after a story or so mother has lttle trouble n startng them, off to "Slumberland" qute early. t s surpsng, how soon after a lttle practce, t becomes second nature for the chldren to want to have wndows open and an early vst to ths quet, peaceful land of dreams. Yes, the mportant stop at "Stooltown" s made every day. Ths s easly made a habt and r eleves mother of the worres of constpaton. t s the all mportant and necessary preparaton for "Healthland" and "Play Hll. Mother makes plan emphass that "Stooltown" s a restng place each day of the jour ney. Soon the lttle bodes become regulated to ther health schedule whch mother plans and gudes wth her ntense love. By emphaszng mportant, daly health habts n the form of such a game t s only a queston of a short tme before the desred mpressons are made upon chldren. Rewards or surprses worked nto the game help to mount the hlls and smooth out dffcultes n the eventful journey. Mother's love naturally has a way for everythng and at all tmes s the most precous gude to the habt formaton of her chldren. As they grow and develop mother can vary and add to the Health game as ndvduals and necessty demand.

8 4 THE low A HOMEJ1A KER Provdng Worthy Use of Lesure Tme for the Hgh School St~dent As Worked Out by a Commttee on Vocatonal Educaton TH the rapdly spreadng realzaton Wthat the old formal dscplne method of teachng wll no longer hold chldren of hgh school age, educators have been strvng for a workable soluton of the problem and ther efforts have resulted n the "New Ams of Educaton," the physcal, vocatonal, socal-cvc and avocatonal Whle the Hgh School Club program ncludes all four ams t emphaszes most the socal-cvc and avocatonal ams. School boards and superntendents are carng for the reorganzaton of the currculum, but to the ndvdual teacher falls the responsblty of helpng fll the spare tme of the pupl The club work has a double purposethat of keepng the student busy and therefore away from evl, and that of advancng hm n socal, cvc and ntellectual and professonal ways. Snce the club as a whole s a Better Ctzenshp Club, t wll gve them the tranng necessary for good ctzenshp, wll develop the socal nstncts and wll result n a more rounded and complete educaton. The dvsons of the Club wll care for the development of the ndvdual along whatever lne he chooses- t not only helps hm tran hs abltes but serves as a gude n hs choce of vocaton or avocaton. The work of the club wll n general follow the problem method and wll develop socalzed rectaton. Where localtes and ndvduals wll alter the detals of a club organzaton, the program that we have worked out s only a skeleton, subject, to alteratons and revsons to ft the need of the organzaton. All detals are of course mportant, but the bg dea, the foundaton of all hgh school club work s to socalze the hgh school tranng, and to supply a proftable expendture of lesure tme. These two ams, properly carred out, could not do otherwse than make!jetter ctzens. Ctzenshp Club The ctzenshp club s composed of all the pupls n the hgh school. The purpose of t s to establsh a lvng conscousness n the pupls of the common purposes of nter-dependence of ther communty lfe, natonal as well as local. to cultvate a sprt and habt of mutual servce and team work for the common good and to develop an mmedate atttude toward government, lo cal and natonal, resultng from the servce organzaton, and means of securng team work. Ctzenshp s taught as a regular hgh school subject, and other atvtes, such as mentoned n the general program, contrbute greatly to the makng of ctzens. Ths club, n addton, by brngng the whole student body together, n dscussng socal, poltcal and ndustral problems, develops a deeper sprt of democracy. Good ctzenshp results from a combnaton of three factors, altrustc emotons, correct deas and desrable habts of response or n other words, the feelng, ntellect and wll The adolescent perod s essentally a perod of emotonal development. mpressons receved at ths tme become permanent, so advantage can be taken of these facts n developng ctzenshp. The followng actvtes make up the program for a Ctzenshp Club: School assembly meetngs where stmulatng talks, nsprng readngs and strrng musc are gven. Perhaps no art has so refnng an nfluence on the emotons as has musc. Representaton of the serous socal condtons and socal needs thru dramatcs, sldes or movng pctures followed by the study of ther causes, preventons and remedes. Vsts by pupls under supervson of teachers to localtes, nsttutons and agences that reveal n concrete forms condtons and practces that challenge the nterests and attenton of all good ctzerts. Dscusson of current news from newspapers and magaznes. Communty Work Cvc servce projects or actvtes. as "clean town" campagn, "tree plantng" etc. Dramatc projects ncludng commemoraton festvals and pageants. nformaton and Applcaton of: 1. Cvc habts-as orderlness and cleanlness n publc places, ndvdual responsbhty for publc _property, reaton to dfferent races and natonaltes n a communty, as fellow ctzens. 2. Cvc knowledge-as to varous ndustres of the neghborhood, essentals of local government as t affects daly lfe actvtes carred on n publc buldngs, that are essental to the executon of pupl's functon as ctzen (F're and polce dept., etc.) 3. Cvc servce...,to be effectve n the constructon and correctve dutes of a ctzen (condton of streets, tenement houses), to learn how to apply publc agences for constructve and remedal servce, to cultvate a wllngness to assst n emergenc"es requrng governmental acton, to check dsease due to socal causes, to cultvate a wllngness to conform to the wll of a majorty as t s expressed n laws, (school laws, chld labor laws, etc.) 4. Use of cvc agences-to know how to utlze servces of publc departments, as playgrounds, lbrary, also of sem-publc agenes, as museums, tele- phone, telegraph, to learn to use mportant publcatons of varous government (Contnued on page 12) Ponts Advsory Board Member of Class Vce-Pres. Pont or Gov. Body Judcary Representatve Sec. Supervsor Commttee Treas. Clubs Members Member of Major Vce-Pres. Sec. Presdent Commttee Treas. Debate Team Mang of Member of Team Team Hgh School Bus. Mang. Mnor Part Lead n Plays Costume Play Hgh School Member of Bus. Man g. Edtor Paper Staff Athletc Teams Reserve Mang. of Varsty - Captan Boys and Grls Teams Class Member of Vce-Pres. Presdent Major Commttee! Sec.. Presdent

9 T l'he low A HOMEMAKER 5 nformalty Predomnates the Sunday Nght Lunch HEREl are people who just naturally are not domestc. Those moments when a n overwhelmng feelng of domestcty sweeps over them are very, very rare. But f on these rare occasons they create a certan pnk roses-slver teapot-mahogany gatelegged table atmosphere for themselves and ndulge n some rather prosac dreams, albet qute fascnatng after a fashon, there wll descend such a calm domestc feelng that a cat curled up and purrng on a slk rag braded cushon n front of the fre wll be apparent and seem almost vsble. And now, surrounded by such an atmosphere, consder the lvng room of a squat dutch colonal house lghted only by a soft ruddy fre and lovely candles n brass c an d 1 e s tck s. n front of the fre s the dream gatelegged table; the old androns, the braded rugs, the copper teakettle are there and some queer "hauntng blue" teacups ready for tea. t s Sunday evenng and "my guests" lft the shny brass knocker once and then nformally open the door- And suddenly, the dream fragments are scattered, leavng only the word n formally. Sunday evenng tea and nforma!_ty- they are conected, for nformalty s the keynote to the success of such a lunch, whether t be served n the dream house or a real house or apartment. Ths can be a tme of real, lazy enjoyment; then t s that no one must rush off for anythng and for once one takes one's tme, relaxes and begns to decde that lfe s not so bad as t seemed Saturday noon. Ths delghtful meal must not be spoled by servng at the table-always st around the fre on cushons or f you "just can't st that way" use a char, but draw t up close to the fre. Perhaps you haven't a freplace, then there are amazng possbltes n a rose shaded lamp. Try eatng around t and see. The knd and amounts of food are not so mportant as the appearance. f hot dshes are to be prepared both guests and hostess wll delght n usng a chafng dsh or grll or toaster rght n front of the fre. Perhaps best are waffles, baked on the cunnng round electrcs and served ppng hot wth butter and maple syrup. Nothng else s necessary but coffee. Cheese and eggs are partcularly ftted for grll cookery. Welsh "rabbt" on toast or toasted crackers or omlets served wth orange marmalade and bread and butter sandwches and tea. Rnktum Tddy s prepared by heatng one pnt of canned tomatoes and addng one teaspoonful of salt, one teaspoonful of sugar, one-fourth teaspoonflll of pepper, a dash of cayenne, and a tablespoonful of chopped onon. When very hot, melt n one half pound of cheese cut n small bts, addng slowly and strrng constantly. When creamy add a teaspoonful of butter and a beaten egg. When served on hot buttered toast or toasted crackers wth tea t s delcous. mprove the tea by addng a frut tablet of any desred flavor to each cup. By ELEANOR MURRAY For uncooked food, salads and sandwches are best. Sometmes the salad may be made the day before. Of such are: Cranberry Salad 1 quart cranberres 2 cups bolng water 2 cups sugar 2V2 tablespoons granulated gelatne 1-3 cup cold water 1-3cup chopped walnut meats Lettuce Mayonnase or boled dressng 1 cup dced celery. Cook the berres and water twenty mnutes. Rub through a seve, str n sugar and cook fve mnutes. Add the gelatne dssolved n the cold water for fve mnutes. Just before t begns to set. pour half nto a mold rnsed n cold water. Allow t to set, keepng the remander warm. Over the frst half sprnkle celery and nut meats. Pour the remander of the gelatn over and allow to set. Cut nto slces and serve on leaves of lettuce wth a garnsh of dressng and a few extra nut meats. Gnger ale salad may also be prepared the day before: 3-4 cup dced pneapple 3-4 cup chopped grapefrut pulp 1 3 cup blanched shredded almonds 1-4 cuv seeded malaga grapes 1 cup gnger ale 2 tablespoons granulated gelatn 1-2 cup warm water Few grans of salt Few grans of paprka Mayonnase Lettuce. Soak the gelatn fve mnutes n the warm water and dssolve over hot water. Add 1-4 cup of gnger ale. Combne the dced pneapple, grapefrut pulp, grapes, almonds, salt, paprka and then the remanng 3-4 cup gnger ale. Add the gelatn mxture,. str thoroughly and pour nto ndvdual molds whch have been dpped n cold water. Chll thoroughly, unmold and serve on lettuce leaves garnshed wth mayonnase. A delcous dressng for ths salad s made by cookng the yolks of four eggs, one cup of sugar and the juce of two lemons together and combnng wth an equal amount of whpped cream just before servng. Frozen Frut Mayonnase s delghtful: 3 cups whpped cream cups mxed frut as maraschno cherres, canded pneapple, oranges, slced peaches, stoned cherres, etc. 1 cup mayonnase 1 tsp. powdered sugar 1 tsp. granulated gelatn 2 tbsp. cold water Lettuce hearts and parsley. Cover the gelatn wth cold water and melt over steam. Beat nto the mayonnase. Combne wth the whpped cream and powdered sugar. Str n the frut and pour nto a mold rnsed n cold water. Seal carefully and bury n equal parts of ce and salt for four hours. Serve garnshed wth lettuce hearts and parsley. Then there are the quck salads; orange or grapefrut wth dates and nutsthe dates may be stuffed wth pmento cheese; apple, banana, rasns. nuts, grapes and marshmallows; chcken or tuna fsh; even potato, all served ether wth boled dressng or ol mayonnase, prepared by heatng an egg and addng to t the juce of one lemon, salt and paprke and a small amount of sugar f desred. To ths the ol s added very slowly, beatng all the tme that a good emulson be formed. A frut juce dressng may be served on frut salads. t s made by beatng two egg yolks, addng two tablespoons flour, one-fourth cup sugar, one-half teaspoon salt and onefourth cup each of pneapple juce, orange juce, cherry or any other knd of juce, and lemon juce. Cook n a double boler untl thck and creamy and before servng add a cup of whpped cream. Wth salad, danty sandwches-lettuce, olve, nut, date or orange marmalade-tea or chocolate and some lttle frosted cakes or frut cake or chocolate cookes are suffcent. Heated and buttered cnnamon twsters or cocoanut rolls, or cnnamon toast served wth coffee, tea or chocolate and perhaps frut and nuts passed later are suffcent n themselves. Denver or Club sandwches and coffee make a good meal wth nothng further necessary. Denver sandwches are made by grndng up cooked ham and cookng wth egs nto a sort of omelet. Toast bread on one sde and place the omelet between two slces on the untoasted sde. On top shred lettuce and add dressng f desred. Club sandwches are made from toast E:d bread, bacon, lettuce, slced tomatoes or olves. On the frst slce of toast put bacon, cover wth a slce of toast contanng slced tomatoes on top of whch s toast wth lettuce and salad dressng or olves and dres-sng wth a few nuts sprnkled on. Top the whole wth a slce of buttered toast. Egg-olve sandwches are made by cookng chopped, stuffed olves wth eggs n an omelet form. The most sats 'factory results are obtaned f each sandwch s prepared ndvdually. Cook one egg and a tablespoonful of chopped olve n butter and place between buttered slces of bread. But-after all, regardless of the food and servce, H s the atmosphere that counts. A cheerful atmosphere, a frendly atmosphere and a one. hosptable

10 6 THE low A HOME"l!AKER Smple Servce for Home Meals As Approved by the Home Economcs Dvson of owa State The Table For breakfast, supper or luncheon a small cloth or doles may be used. Ths s a great savng of lnen and of laundry. For dnner, a beautfully laundred table cloth s used over a pad of felt or canton flannel. t s well to te the pad n place to prevent slppng. The table cloth, whether o.f lnen or cotton must be spotless. The cloth should fall 10 to 12 nches below the edge of the table. t should be placed wth the fold exactly n the center of the table wth opposte edges of the cloth at a unform dstance from the floor. A bouquet of flowers or a growng plant are a necessary addton to every meal. A lttle thought and care makes ths always possble. Ths bouquet must be low so that t does not prevent guests from seeng each other. Do not use hghly scented flowers. The flowers must harmonze wth the color scheme of the food. Settng the Table The plate, napkn, glass, and cutlery set n place for each ndvdual at the begnnng of a meal are desgned "the cover." Each cover r equres from 20 to 24 nches of length and 15 nches for depth. Chars are arranged at each place when the!leal s announced. The edge of the seat just even wth the edge of tha table. so that one may be seated wthout movng the char. The knfe s placed at the rght wth ct,ttng edge toward the plate. The forks are at the left, tnes turned up. The excepton s the oyster fork whch s placed at the extreme rght. The spoons are placed at the rght of the knfe. Slver must not touch, nether must t be too far apart. The sequence for all spoons and forks s from the outsde n toward the plate n the order n whch they are used. The water glass s set at the tp of the knfe. Goblets are used for more formal occasons. The bread and butter plate s set at the top of the fork. The butter spreader s placed on the butter plate parallel to t he edge of the table, handle toward the rght or th e spreader may be placed parallel to the forks. The napkn s placed at the left of the forks wth the h em and selvedge parallel to the edge of the table and the forks. All slver, lnen and dshes ar e placed one nch from edge of table. n all table appontments the lnes should be paralleled wth the edges of the table, never on the dagonal. Ths rule apples especally to the placng of salts, peppers, sugar and creamer, jelly.. pckles, bread, etc. The covers should be drectly opposte f possble. All artcles should be convenently and symmetrcally arranged. The table should be studed as a whole to see that t s well baranced. The hostess sts nearest the ktchen f she must wat on the table, otherwse her place s facng the ktchen, the host sts opposte the hostess. Everythng pertanng to one course must be placed before the course s served. Servng slver s brought from the servng table. The carvng knfe s placed at the rght of the host, the fork s placed at the left. Servng spoons are placed at the rght. n placng jelly, pckles and other food that s to be passed, they should be so located that some one can r each them wthout dffculty. Place the servng slver besde the dsh contanng the food. f open salt and pepper are used they are placed at each cover or between two covers. Small glass or slver spoons are placed besde these. Rules for Servng All table servce should be done quet ly and wthout any appearance of haste. To fll glass do not lft the glass from the table. f the covers are crowded the glass may be drawn to the edge of the table to fll. Take hold of glass well down toward the bottom. Use a napkn to catch the drp. Ths apples to the refllng of all cups and glasses. Butter, jelly, pckles, r elshes, etc., can be on the table when the guests are seated. Hot food must be served n hot dshes. Cold food on cold dshes. A folded napkn or small tray may be used n servng dshes contanng food. A tray may be used when brngng slver and accessores to the table or when passng artcles such as sugar and cream.. P lace, pass and remove all dshes from the.left of the person, usng the left hand. The only tme a watress goes to the rght s n placng, replenshng or r emovng a beverage. Place all sde dshes at the left as near the plate as possble wthout crowdng. The host serves the meat, potatoes, vegetables and may also serve the dessert. The hostess may serve the soup, vegetables, salad, dessert, and beverage. Serve the hostess frst, then the next prson to h er rght and so on around the table. f the host serves the plates. h e asks the one at hs rght to pass the frst plate to the hostess, the second to Mrs. Blank, etc., so that no confuson arses. Some people prefer to serve the guest frst. n passng food, hold dsh low and have the servng slver n place. Always pass the most mportant accompanment to a course frst, a nd the others n the order of ther mportance. n servng from the ktchen brng n two plates. Place one plate on the servce table whle placng the other. n placng a plate hold the plate on the palm of the hand, steadyng the edge wth the thumb. Do not place the thumb over the edge, yet have a frm hold so that the guest be not alarmed at the danger of sldng food from the plate nto the lap. When there s no servant t s permss abfe to request a guest to "please help yourself and pass the bread," cake, etc. Remove one complete cover at a tme usng the left hand to r each for the plate. The rght hand may be used to hold the plate whle one reaches for the sde dsh wth the left hand. Do not stack the dshes n front of the guest. Stand sdewse n reachng for plates lest one may crowd the guests. Never reach n front of a guest. Use the servng table to place dshes from one cover whle another s cleared, then remove dshes from both covers to the ktchen. n r emoval of dshes, take a way all food frst, then soled dshes, glasses, slver and cutlery, then clean dshes, glasses, slver and cutlery. Remove all unusued slver belongng to the course. Remove everythng pretanng to one course before servng the next course. Lest We Forget Stand behnd the char untl the host ess s seated. St down from left sde of char. St uprght but naturally. Do not lounge or lean on the table. The hostess unfolds her napkn frst, takes up the slver to be used and n all cases gves the sgnal for begnnng to eat. The napkn s placed on the lap not entrely spread out. Make no dsplay n so dong. Never leave the spoon standng n a cup or n a sherbet glass. n eatng bread a farly small pece s broken oft and s buttered whle restng on the bread and butter plate. Do not rest the slce on the. hand or on the tableloth. Never spread a whole slce at one tme nor take a bte from the whole slce. Do not gestculate wth the knfe or fork. n cuttng food hold the knfe n rght hand and the fork n the left, tnes down, graspng the handle frmly and naturally. n r asng food to mouth use fork n rght hand. the tnes up. Use a fork for all food f possble, but creamed vege tables and water ces may be eaten wth a spoon. n usng a spoon dp away from oneself. Take from the sde of the spoon. Do not sp beverage from the spoon, but drnk from the cup. Do not blow on food to cool. The mouth should be closed whle t contans food. t should not be too full snce t s often necessary to reply to some questons. Do not eat too fast. Keep the lps closed whle chewng food. Keep the hands quetly n the lap whle not busy wth the food. Do not handle cutlery or mark the tablecloth. n usng a handkerchef always do so sparngly and unobtrusvely. Better retre t han be obnoxous. Never hold food on the fork whle you are talkng ready, as soon as you reach a pause. to put nto your mouth. Havng once pcked t up, eat t promptly.. A bt of bread, but nothng else may he used to h elp food upon the fork. Never srape the plate to get the last drop as f not fully ~at sfed wth your porton. Use a spoon to convey a prune, peach or ch erry stone to the plate. The conversaton should be cheerful. Never argue nor monopolze the conver (C'ontnued on page 15)

11 THE low A HOMEMAKER 7 Plannng The Home Grounds By JUANTA BEARD "} NEVER had any desre so strong and so lke to covetousness, as that one whch have had always, that mght be master of a small house and a large garden." Ths thought mght express the sentment of many of us today, and the fulfllment of ths desre s wthn reach of us all. Wth the growth of democracy, people n Amerca have come to vew fences, hedges, and all smlar means of enclosure as undemocratc. As a r esult, too many homes have barren lawns, no prvacy n the out-of-doors, and unnterestng archtecture. Rather, should we seek to plan our homes n correct relatonshp to the outof-doors, and to make the out-of-doors lvable. Naturally, the parts of the grounds that are close to and appear almost a part of the house, repeatng and carryng out ts lnes, r equre a formal treatment. n the desgn of the house, the frst essental of good plannng s to have t n perfect harmony wth.ts surroundngs. We should plan for the connecton of the varous rooms of the house wth the grounds. The entrance for the famly should be a part of the entrance walk, thr servce should connect wth the servce porton of the house and the more prvate rooms should be connected n a most ntmate way wth the prvate porton of the grounds, such as terraces and lawns. Ths last part should be a sanctuary for the socal lfe of the famly and ther guests. The whole garden composton s the room. The plants and archtectural features are the furnshngs, and the walks and open spaces, the floors and rugs. Dstant vews are as fne pantngs. f these do not exst we nust provde nterest n the garden tself n the form of some termnal motf. n desgn, the frst prncples are utlty, smplcty and beauty. n my garden there wll arse questons to whch answers must be found. What s to be the shape of the ground plan, r ectangular, crcular or oval? What walks are necessary? What crculaton must be provded for? What proportons of length and wdth are best? The fundamental thng wll be, frst, the dvson of the space nto areas and, second, t he arrangement of the thngs wthn these areas so as to gve the rght emphass. The fnal success or falure of the garden wll depena upon whether we have emphaszed the rght features. There s no garden problem so common-place, none so prosac, that the fnal garden cannot be made more lvable or nterestng when the desgner really studes the problem. The locaton of the house s of great mportance, for when the house s located the varous areas about the house are automatcally det ermned. A common mstake s the placng of the house n the center of the lot, and thus dvdng the grounds nto too many unrelated areas. A better arrangement would be to loate the house near the front boundary lne to allow for a garden n the rear, or near a sde boundary lne to make room for a garden at the sde. n order to feel that the garden s an outdoor lvng room, the ground level should be close to the frst floor level. n the case of houses wth hgh foundatons, terraces bult about the lvng porton of the house brng the house nto more ntmate r elatonshp wth the grounds. Walks and drves are mportant factors n the dvson of lawn spaces. The drveway and walk should enter the property at rght angles to the street, except where the greater part of traffc goes n one drecton n whch case the entrance to the drve can favor that dr ecton. f the lot s a corner one, the drveway or walk should not enter at the corner. f t s necessary to locate the walk or drveway close to the corner, the entrance should be at least several feet away from the juncton of the property lne. The walks and drves should be as drect as possble; they should never follow a curve whch would seem to carry one away from the place desred. For small places, straght drves are most desrable, and can be placed close to th!o sde of the property so as to avod nterference wth any other space whch mght be desred for the publc lawn areas. When a curve s desrable, t should be staked out and sghted untl a pleasng effect s assured. Then, where (Contnued on page 14) A Pllow for Every Need By ESTHER ELLEN RAYBURN THE world would not be lvable wthout homes. t doesn't matter partcularly whether the home s large or small just. so t s a home. And as the world would not be complete wthout homes, nether would a home be complete wthout pllows. All houses whch make at least a pretense of keepng a homey atmosphere should contan many pllows. t's a case of, "Here a pllow, there a pllow everywhere a pllow, and not a pllow too many." The shape does not so much matter altho the odd lttle shapes are most attractve. Let t be round, square or oblong, yea even trangular, that's as you lke, for the coverng determnes whether or not the pllow s to be orgnal and comfortable. Square pllows have been n use snce the tme of Peter the Great, so t s natural to cover them frst. Perhaps sateen, cretonne and tapestry are most sutable for ths style. Plan colored sateen lends tself readly for applque, and ndeed the sateen applque pllow s a very durable one for use n the chldren's rooms. Cretonne and tapestres qute naturally ft nto the Sun Porch. Because of the decoratveness of the materals t r e qures less tme to make them. Ths a ppeals to the busy lady of the hou.se. There s one place about the house that crys for a trangular pllow and that s the comfy davenport. Because the davenport tself s so very comfortable a stff brocaded, tasseled pllow s qute n order. Let the color blend n wth the clrapes and you can be sure you've produced the rght effect. Most loved of all ar e the round and oblong members of the pllow famly. They can be made of soft materals and verv downy feathers, because they are to be placed on the bench n the chmney corner, n the chars and n all the other places where the famly delghts n curlng up when there sn't company. Strve to gve to the pllow a fat fluffy look, and soft slks and velours help to gve ths. Pllow accessores are varous. There are tassels, frfnge, applque frut, flowers and buds, embrodery desgns, corded effects, covered buttons and even rbbons. f you have not seen a trangular pllow wrth a tassel on each corner, a round slk pllow decorated wth stuffed flowers, an applque square pllow or a bolster corded pllow you have much to look forward to. One of the newest materals used for pllow coverng s corduroy and t makes up really beautfully. Gngham n small checks s not to be smled at for t has ts place. Even cotton crepe and crash are sutable for certan of the pollows. Of course the materal and sh'ape wll depend on the color scheme you select for your rooms and the type of house you have-who could magne a stff brocaded pllow n a flat Dutch Colonal house, wth braded rugs, androns and a copper kettle? Although too much varety n color s not to be desred, nether should all the pllows be the same color. A soft rose pllow n a nest of dark toned ones gves the partcular dash necessary to save the nterestng atmosphere of the room. So collect your pllows, oh many of them, and scatter them here and there about your house, so that by your pllows your home and you are known.

12 8 THE low A -OJJEMAKER Who's There and Where By JEANETTE BEYER Dear Alumn:- W!th the advent nf the new year, we're makmg our resolutons too. We want our "Whose There and Where" page to be the most frendly, nterestng and "newsy" page n the whole Homemaker. Won't you help us wth a word of greetng and a tp about your neghbor alumna who s helpng the world along n a truly Ames fashon? Of course we lke especally to hear about those Ames women who are makng good, "puttng bg thngs across " ~adng mportant postons; and unq~ e JObs. But everyday folks are nterestng too. We want to know about the exctements a nd adventures of school ma'ams and homemakers as w ell. owa State College s nterested n you. and your success. Won't you t ell us about yourselves, not only that we may hand the news on to your old frends, but as a boost for your alma mater and an nspraton to undergraduates who are as yet castng about tryng to fnd that work whch they especally want to do. Perhaps hearng of the many thngs you have done wll show them the way. Ther efore don't leave out any of the n t er estng detals. Of course th ere's somethng for you to gan n ths too. Could we have many letters of the type of Lllan Gebelsten's t would not be dffcult when calls come for the Home Economcs.department tc. suggest names. t o fll 'mportant postons or to secure data for desred r ecommendatons. May we hear from you soon? n the meantme. we wsh you a most happy and worthwhle year. HELEN BURLNG MAKES GOOD Makng a wav for oneself n the world s often done by m en. b.lt h ere s one of a few women who stands as a n nspraton to those who WO'lld fght unaded for a college educaton. On a vaaton trp west ths summer Mss Myra Whted found her np-ce, Mss H elen Burlng, busly engaged n the work of Countv Demonstrator n Contra Co9ta County, Calforna. Mss Burlng arrved n Ames wth lttle money but much courage and a det e-rmnaton to gan an educaton. Pckng up what work she could, Helen cleaned house. washed and roned, and asssted n laboratory work. Despte her busness of breadwnnng she was a popular classmate and took an actve part n campus organzatons. untl n her senor year she was elected May Queen, graduatng from the Scence course n Not content wth a mere B. s. degree, Mss Burlng. contnued h er educaton by nstructng part tme n the Bacterology department a nd dong research work wth Dr. Max Levne. obtaned her Master's degree n Bacterology. Before gong to Calforna Mss Burlng was one of the orgnal twenty to do conservaton work n the state the frst ye:u of Ue war. Followng that she was home demonstrator n Cerro Gordo County for a year and then n Des Mones County for two years. That she s as s ucessful n ths type of work as she was n ganng a n educaton s acclamed her by Mss Neale S. Knowles, State Leader of Home Demosstraton Agents, who says, "Helen Burlng was one of the best demonstraton agents n the state. She s energetc and enthusastc, and has the happy faculty of nsprng people to work ther hardest for her." A POEM BY ELZABETH CANADY. S. C. Alumn wll be nterested n knowng that among ther number s a poet n the person of Elzabeth Canady, m anagng edtor of Peoples Popular Monthly, who wrtes ths poem whch appeared n the December ssue of her magazne. Lante rns n the Dusk The year comes down to ts' dusken hour, The road gropes nto gloom. The autumn leaves lke sprngtme dreams Have shrveled to ther doom. October's burnshed afterglow Has paled to ts shadow tomb. Lo, n the last gray twlght hour Lanterns of Jove a ppear, The torches of Remembrance Day To lght the dmmng year, Even as stars of m emnred frends Kndle when nght s near. Mr s. Helen LeCron. edtor of the Des Mones Regster book page reprnter'! El'za beth's poem and sad of t: "We have r ear'! t manv tmes and lke tesoecallv the hauntng frst lne. t s on0 of those lnes that we alwavs thln k must have been born full-grown- they are too beautful to have been thought out word for word. NRA KLASE PURCHASES PCTURE FOR CLARNDA Because of the loyalty of Nra M. Klase, '22, to her college and hgh school alma maters. Clarnda hgh school wll be the frst to receve a framed copy of the beautful drawng of owa State campus whch has recently been completed. Nra. who s te<tchng Home Economcs a t Holdredge. N P-braska, thnks the dea s snlendd and knows of no better way to boost both her alma maters than the gvne; of ths pcture. The pctures whr ]l are now n the h fl ncls of the Ne wyork engravers for producton n handsome brown photogravures cost $8 and ar e 31x19 nches n sze when framed. t s sad by the artsts and engravers that ths s one of the most beautful pece's of ths type of work that t!hy have done for several years. Pcture funds for about 50 other hgh schools were started durng fall regstraton. But thus far Clarnda s the frst school to have the pcture. Alumn ths s your chane to help. Send your contrbutons for the home hgh school to Ward M. Jones, Alumn secretary, n Alumn Hall. NSTR UCTS N H ' EC. EDUCATON Mame Lster, who receved her M. A. at the close of the fall quarter from owa State College, wl! nstruct n the Home e-conomcs vocatonal educaton department here. Mss Marca Turner wll be n charge of ths department durng the absence of Mss Cora Mller who s teachng Home 0conomcs educa ton and studyng at the Unversty of Chcago durng a year's leave of absence. ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL MA'AM " just told a boy to throw hs gun out the wndow," wrtes Helen Paschal. " dd t by pantomme. moved my jaws and ponted to the wndow. He obeyed. -:;:hs s hs second offense. H e's a great bg ugly boy, much bgger than and t's rather pathetc the way be obeys me. He wouldn't have to, you know." Helen, who gr aduated last year, s teachng Home Ec.;momcs and freshman Englsh to the wley young of Garden Grove, owa. A LETTER FROM ULLAN GEBEL S,TEN, SAN LEANDRO, CALF. We are very happy that Vce-Dean Edna Walls should allow us the prvlege of r-njoyng the followng. letter from Lllan Gebelsten, 21, who wrtes from Alameda County Hosptal, 'San Leandro, Calforna. November 30, My Dear Mss Walls: t wll soon be a year snce last r e ported to the home offce. am stll n C a lforn~a. at the same hosptal from whch wrote last tme. Altho there are many drawbacks here, there s a great cl.eal of satsfacton n workng n a hosptal that 1s steadly beng mproved. Our servce buldng s entrely comnleted now. opened the new det laboratory about sx weeks ago. We have two st11dent nurses here four hours n the mornng. who plan and fgure all the cl.ets, and prenare them wth the h elp of the mad. 'Th er other four hours are spent n the medcal wards, part of ther (Contnued on page 15)

13 THE low A HOMEMAKER " A Magazne For Homemakers From a Homemaker's School" VOL. JANUARY No. lo Publshed at owa State College, Ames, owa. Prce $1.50 per year. Advertsng rates on applcaton Entered as second class matter at the post offce, Ames, owa PUBLCATON BOARD-Prof. F. W. Beckman, Mss Florence Busse, Mrs. Frank Kerekes, Rose Storm, Ethel Huebner, Llyra Prce, Esther Pond. EDTORAL STAFF-Rose Storm, edtor; Eleanor Murray, ssue edtor; Katherne Goeppnger, assocate edtor; Jeanette Beyer, assocate edtor; Marcella Dewell, art edtor; Clara Jordan, Opal Wnd, Harrett Sch!eter, Esther Rayburn, Helen Hamlton, Ada Havner, Vola Jammer, Mldred Boyt, Juanta Beard. BUSNESS STAFF-Ethel Huebner, manager; Reva Perce, Harrett Sloss, Fern Green, Agnes Noble, Marjore Jay, Helen Pper, Bertha Sanvoldt. CRCULATON STAFF-Llyra Prce, manager; Mona Thompson, Clar e Youngclass, Fern Green, Esther Pond, Florence Hahn, Pearl Brown, Laura Bubltz, Paula Braunlch, Marcella Dewell. KEEP THE OLD RESOLUTONS Every year at some tme the dea comes over me to lose fve pounds and for a day dlgently det and for two days "touch my palms to the floor"-just long enough to be extremely stff and extremely hungry wthout the balm to each that comes f the detng and the exercse are contnued. "'l'o reduce" s not the only resolve make and- never k eep, nor am alone. Such resolutons are many and all the unkept resolutons n the world, even for just one year, are many. My ths year's resoluton to lose the fv e pounds came before January frst, as dd the one to be n bed by tenthrty on study nghts and to read at least one of the books on my watng lst every two weeks. The dea of makng resolutons on New Year's day s rather old-fashoned, but on January frst, early n the mornng, solemnly promsed myself to keep those three premature resolutons, and shall. Resolve to keep the resolutons you've made throughout last year, be they many or few, and f you made none promse yourself to stand by yourself n what you resolve to do durng ths comng year. ROOSTNG " N BEWEEN. " ''Why don't you ask Mrs. S-- to serve on your commttee~ She s surely dependable enough,'' sad the advsor to a lve wre woman's club presdent: '' Dependable enough, yes, and capable, ntellgent. More so than the majorty of us, but she s so dstractngly n-between. f she would only swear or cry once, or express an opnon of her own, her rse n club work would be meteorc.'' Ths conversaton, overheard on a cty street car, bobs up n my mnd each tme have been poltely assured that appear dull. t serves as a tonc to me. How does t affect vou ~ Are you passng up chances to meteorcally advance yourself n your communty, be t n poltcs, clubs, cvc mprovement or socal servce? Could you be of some valuable servce to your communty f you would forget your lttle shell of reserve and pety, and come out lke the true, free thnkng and speakng Amercan that every woman has the prvlege to be~ When t s a crmnal offense aganst the laws of a THE low A HOMEMAKER 9 country for an adult to let a human de f he s n a poston to save that lfe, s t not a crmnal offense aganst the laws of God to be nactve when there s an opportunty to mprove the lves that are here? Ths ''n between'' s a nce lttle restng spot for a tred mnd, but lke all such resorts, soon breeds lazness and an nward-creepng death of soul. Fence sttng may be a dplomatc roost whle the crops are beng planned, but f you don't come down --- n tme to plant them you need not expect a share n the honors. WHAT WLL HAPPEN NEXT? Do you lke surprses, or would you rather know n advance what wll happen, so you can prepare to take advantage of t? Of course, Chrstmas presents and proposals must be surprses, and sudden ones, but sn't t fun to peek nto the future and know what s comng to you? Then let's peek nto the comng edtons of the Homemaker and see what s n store. Startng wth the February ssue, we wll gve you a seres of stores on nteror decoraton. Not the knd that tell you how to hang curtans and Rembrandt prnts, but real homey ones, that wll help you lve up the darkest nooks and most unnterestng rooms n your home. As a forerunner to ths, we are havng ths tme the story of the orgn of mrrors, whch wll be followed wth a story on how to use them. Then wll come pllows, scarfs and combnatons of deas that wll gve "that touch" you've been wantng n your lvng room all ths tme. f opportunty's forelock has already passed you up, take hold of ts tal and keep n step wth your earler fortunate neghbor. F YOU DON'T LKE THE " MOVE" PROGRAMS, CHANGE THEM. "What's on at the Prncess tonte?" " don't know, but 'm sure t s nothng that we would care to see. don't see why they won't show somethng decent once n a whle.'' '!'here are two good reasons why the manager fals to please you n hs choce of pctures. t s easy enough to decde that you don't lke a certan show, but t takes much more mental exercse to study the stuaton, fnd the cause of the trouble, and choose the program of shows that you want to come to your communty. n that, les the second reason why you are not satsfed. Your manager has no way of knowng what you want. That you do not lke hs choce may be evdent to hm, but when your crtcsms are not constructve t places hm more at sea than f he dd not know of your dssatsfacton. The success of any theatre depends upon ts patronage, and your opnon s as nfluental as _that of _an! olher person. f you truly want better pctures, t S wthn your power to have them. But how shall you proceed? Just as you would get any cvc change. Frst acquant yourself wth desrable, avalable flms from revew of moton pcture lterature, or, better stll, from the moton pcture departments of the women's magaznes. When you know what you want the manager wll doubtless be glad to try to get them for you. f he s not wllng to cooperate wth you, publc opnon can be brought nto servce, and ts pressure wll certanly brng you your desres.

14 10 THE low A HOM -'~' ljr LLBtft\L [ ~ QU~~TOH.AD HEALTHFULNESS OF OLEO MARGARNE have heard t sad that oleomargarne s not as healthful as butter. s ths true? When comparng the best grades of both products, there s lttle f any dfference between. butter and /oleomargarne on the grounds of dgestblty, whle a good oleomorgarne s much to be preferred to a poor butter from a nutrtve standpont. As to ts wholesomeness, a large number of experts were unanmous n expressng ther favorable opnons of oleomargarne as a healthful artcle of food. TO CLEAN KD GLOV,ES WTHOUT WETTNG n cleanng black k d gloves have found that the dye runs, streakng the gloves. s there any way to clean them wthout usng a lqud? Make a m xture of dred Fuller's earth and powdered alum and brush ths nto the gloves wth a stff,brush. Sweep the dust off, sprnkle wtl>. dry bran and whtng and dust well. ff they are badly soled take out grease wth ctumbs of toasted bread and powder of burnt bone, then go over them wth a woolen cloth dpped n Fuller's earth. CLEANNG WHTE VELS s there any way n whch vels may be cleaned when they become soled? have a whte one whch would lke to clean f possble. Put the vel n a soluton of whte soap and allow t to smmer half an hour. Squeeze n warm water and soap untl clean. Rnse free of soap, then n clean cold water contanng a drop of lqud blue. Then pour bolng water over a teaspoonful of starch and put vel through that. dryng. Keep edges straght n DET FOR GASTRAL TROUBLE What det do you recommend for dsorders of the gastral and ntestnal tract? Besde over-perparaton of food, one of the chef causes of ths trouble s the eatng of unnatural foods, such as chocolate, etc. A good det for a per son sufferng from ths trouble s one of mlk, eggs, grans, fruts, and vegetables whch are not over-cooked., THCK CNG What can do to boled cng that gets too thck? When boled cng gets too thck add 1 t. thck cream. Ths wll make the cng of the rght thckness to spr ead on the cake. MEANNG OF THE TERM "VELOUTE SAUCE" What s the meanng of the term "veloute sauce..? Veloute sauce s a whte sauce n whch veal stock s substtuted for mlk. n the Homemaker for August and September, 1922 s a lst of such terms under the headng "Card Fle Your Foregn Terms." COD LVER OL Of what use s cod lver ol n the det? Cod lver ol contans the unknown vtamn whch ads n the body utlzaton of calcum and phosphorous. HEGHT AT WHCH TO HANG PCTURES What s the proper heght from the floor at whch to hang pctures? P ctures should be hung at or very close to the lne of sght whch s about fve and a half feet from the floor. The pcture should always be hung wth two cords, one at each end nstead of one whch forms an nverted V. KTCHEN SEASONNGS s Ktchen Bouquet a seasonng and of what s t made? What s Poultry Seasonng? Ktchen Bouquet s a mxture of ktchen seasonngs, bay leaf, clove, marjoram. thyme and allspce. t s used to make m eats, soups and dressngs more tasty. Poultry seasonng s powdered sage, bay leaf and thyme and s used n dressng. NEW DRAPERY MATERAL Could you tell me anythng about monks cloth? Monk's cloth s a new basket weave materal very much n vogue for nteror decoraton used especally for lvng room covers and hangngs. The neutr'al color of the fabrc and the small squares made by the weave are deal for wool embrodery n orental desgns. HOW MLDEW S REMOVED What s mldew and how may t be removed? Mldew s a fungus growth whch forms qute readly on clothes exposed to dampness. f the stan s not bad or the fabrc delcate lemon juce and salt wll remove t, but f the stan s a bad one soak the artcle about three hours n one ounce of chlorde of lme dssolved n a pnt of bolng water, to whch has been added three pnts of cold water. Be sure to r nse very thoroughly-the fabrc s njured f not well washed out- and launder agan. SANDWCH FLLNGS Wll you please suggest some sandwch fllngs to be used n sandwches served wth tea? Chopped nuts mxed wth mayonnase, olve relsh, olve and nuts chopped wth mayonnase, dates or rasns and nuts c h o p p e d wth mayonnase, pmento cheese, orange marmalade or even plan lettuce wth mayonnase, all make delcous fllngs for sandwches to be served wth tea. MAKNG TAFFETA CRSP s there anythng one may do to renew the crspness of taffeta? Taffeta may be made crsp by spongng wth alcohol. A GOOD NCKEL POLSH Wll you please tell me how to make a good nckel polsh? Whtng plus ammona makes a good nckel plsh. Mosten the whtng wth the ammona just enough to make a paste and apply wth a soft cloth. DANGERS OF BENG OVER-WEGHT Does beng over-weght endanger one's health? For every pound a person weghs over hs normal weght he s ncreasng hs chances of death one percent. Ths s especally true between the ages of 40 and 50. WHEN MAYON-NASE SEPARATES What can be done when mayonnase dressng separates? The emulson has been broken. Take a fresh egg whte or yolk, beat t up, and slowly add the separated mayonnase, stll beatng untl the emulson forms. Then add the rest more rapdly. PREVENT'ON OF SOGGY CRUST What can do to prevent the crust of custard pe becomng soggy? f the mlk s heated to the bolng pont before t s mxed wth the eggs the crust wll be crsp. WHY WHTE CAKE RECPES CALL FOR MORE BUTTER have notced that whte cake recpes usually call for more butter than a dark cake one. Why s ths true? The proporton of fat for whte cake s ncreased due to the toughenng effect of the egg whtes. CLEANNG VASES How can you clean the nsde of flower vases? Use a mxture of salt and warm water.

15 THE low A HOMEMAl.ER 11 From the Trte to the Novel n Handkerchefs By HARRETT SCHL~lTER EVER snce the days of prncesses and knghts, handkerchefs have been romantc lttle bts. Far lades threw them to black plumed warrors on dashng steeds. f they hadn't what ever would the poor dear warrors have pressed to ther lps when they lay dyng on the feld of battle? Of course gloves mght answer the purpose, but they are such expensve thngs to drop about on all occasons, and handkerchefs do ju.st as well. Besdes they don't make such a bulge n the left breast pocket, when pcked up and chershed by modern plumeless lovers. Even f you don't use them for such purposes, you always feel more swaggersh f you have just.the rght knd and color of handkerchef tucked n your pocket, or your sleeve, or down your neck. Now what started out to say was smply, only, merely that perhaps your rather depleted supply of handkerchefs wasn't replenshed at Chrstmas as you had expected t to be. Even though remember an aunt who nvarably sent each one of us a box contanng a half dozen plan whte ones, every twentyffth of December, she doesn't do t anymore, and f always dd suspect that she bought a car load and just wrapped up a box of them when the holdays loomed up and maled them to all relatves and frends, 'm really almost sorry. t may be best though for 'd probably get so tred of plan whte "ones, when now-a-days there can be such a delghtful varety. Not only lnen but gngham, pongee, vole, crepe de chne, and all colors of the ranbow and colors the ranbow never thought of possessng. You know you can buy handkerchef lnent cut n squares just the rght sze, and make the cute knd wth drawn threads and lttle embrodered flowers or applqued desgns n one corner. Pongee can be fxed n these same ways. And by the way t's not only lades far who dote on the pongee knd. Try them on Hs Hghness, and when you see a corner of one stckng proudly out of hs pocket, and see hm throw hs chest out a lttle more when people notce t, you wll then be rewarded for all the tmes the thread broke when you were drawng t. Men, after all, are just as van about such lttle thngs as are we women. For dress up n lght clothes for partes there s nothng danter than a crepe-de-chne handkerchef wth a ruffle of lace around the edge. They are such tny thngs that the scraps left from an orchd or pale blue teddy can be turned nto such a cunnng handkerchef you're glad t's after Chrstmas and you don't have to gve t away. Vole ones look lovely wth lace edges, too. They are even more adorable made of whte, wth lttle squares of color hemsttched on, or a wde border of another cotor joned wth hemsttchng. And now-when the Chrstmas rush s over. make yourself a present of some lovely new handkerchefs for the new year. NOW that the long wnter evenngs are here, t's tme to clmb nto the bg arm char and examne one's book shelf. What one fnds there s probably a matter of personal tastes and nclnatons. But whether they be books or poetry, travel, scence, romance, or thought, let's read them. Comng home from a full day, what could be better than settlng oneself comfortably and renewng acquantance wth Lorna Doone 'and John Rdd, bg fellow, or Amela Sedley and her frend, Becky Sharp; or sympathetcally plottng w'th Nora n her "Doll's House"; or fndng oneself n the heat and the magntude of "The Garden of Allah"; or gallopng by the brush ple wth "The Brushwood Boy"; or rescung far madens n dstress wth Don Quxote. "f one he modern should one not gaze a moment nto the mrror Snclar Lews creates and "see ourselves as others see us;" love Mark Sabre n A. S. M. Hutchnson's "f Wnter Comes;" admre Peter Wescott n "Forttude," by Hugh Walpole. All of whch, n f.act, means just losng oneself n delghtful adventures. wth delghtful people, n a world of enjoyment. And then there are the books of poetry, so many and so vared that one can scarcely lst them wthout omttng too many favortes. "Poetry," says Max Eastman, "s a countryman and greets every experence by ts own name. t s a gesture toward the world. The novce must learn now lovely t s to be ndrect, and when you set out to go somewhere, nstead of gong there, to back up and turn around and go somewhere else." Therefore, would you have the keys to the enjovment of poetry, be ndrect and browse about accordng to your nterest and mood. For ruggedness and lfe there s Rob- Are You A Book Lover? ert Brownng and f your soul s weary and needs food gve t some of Edward Rowland Sll. There s Wordsworth for love of nature, Shelley for wnd and beauty, and for love songs, Mrs. Brownng and Sara Teasdale-they are dfferent, though. f one be flled wth the sprt of youth read Rupert Brooke, that vvd young Apollo, and should one be a man one cannot overlook the redblooded poems of Servce and Kplng. Poetry, n ts beauty and fantasy, quckens lfe,-ntensfes t, and n ts subtle pognancy touches that nsde person of ours whose exstence we are scarcely a ware of. Of course, should one return home wth deep thoughts and an open mnd, an essay s n order. One of Emerson's, perhaps, or Bacon's. An essay that takes lots of tme and lots of thought. Great, then, s the enjoyment of rollng out deep, perplexng, thundrous truths wth the ar of one who knows. Or f one be whmscally nclned why not a lttle of Chrstopher Morley or Glbert K. Ch~>sterton? "Tremendous Trfles" s a lesurely book to start on. For strct enjoyment there s Charles Lamb, Samuel Carruthers, and Robert Lous Stevenson, and for a mental massage try Olver Wendall Holmes' "The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table." A pastor once sad that when deas would not come n the preparaton of hs Sunday mornng sermons t was the Autocrat to whch he turned for a mnd-rouser. So do not overlook your books of essays; there's a satsfacton n them. Nether forget books of travel: John Mur; books of scence: Maeterlnck's Lfe Hstorv of the Bee." outlnes of scence by John Arthur Thomson and Slosson's Creatve Chemstry: books of hston': Well's "Outlnes of Hstory' and "Hstory of Manknd" by Van Loon. Books, lke those pnk phs your mother used to gve you, cure all als. Whatever your mood of the moment may be there s a book to ft t. All that you need s an R. Mffln, propretor of "The Haunted Bookshop," that C. Morley created to prescrbe for you. Obv-ously there has been room here for only a few suggestons. _ f my favortes aren't on your book shelf read what YOU have. One's own personal tastes should be the crtera for the selecton of readng matter. But READ,-taste, taste, taste, and soon you can gather your own loves about you. We can't all clmb the Swss Alps, sal on stormy seas, or langush under southern palms n tropcal moon lght. But tn our own lves, commonplace and prosac as they seem, books can brng to us the romance of foregn lands, can acquant us wth the most nterestng of people. And although wthout contnued study we cannot become traned connosseurs, clever crtcs, or specalsts along techncal lnes, neverthe-less by readng we may gan a large apprecaton and understandng of those thngs that are good n lfe. Nor have we ordnary people an adequate means for self-expresson. We cannot dance or sng, our tongues and pens are awkward, and our fngers clumsy. Our souls are bured and strled cryng out for beauty and open spaces. Books meet ths need of selfexpresson. When we fnd our own thoughts and feelngs, longngs and strvngs so well expressed; when we see beauty shmmerng and vvd, we are satsfed. "Readng maketh a full man." Yes, and what lfe, what people, and what enjoyment t spreads before one. To value books. to read books. and to love booksthat fellow housewfe-booklover s to love lfe tself.

16 12 Provdng Worthy Use of Lesure Tme for the Hgh School Student (Contnued from page 4) agences-maps, surveys, reports, to learn how to use the prvlege of a voter..o r gan zaton of T h e C l ubs There shall be one man club known as the Better Ctzenshp Club of whch every one wll be a member. Other smaller clubs can be formed whenever at least sx students feel a need for some partcular Club. The clubs wll nclude both boys and grls. A person s not elgble to any club untl after hs frst semetster and he must be passng n all hs work. Offcers of the clubs wll be changed every semester and they must have a scholastc standng of 85 percent and they are elected by ballot. One or two m embers of the faculty dependng on the sze of the club wll act as advsors. There shall also be an Advsory Board or Governng Board who wll have charge of the government of the school. Ths Board wll be made up of a representatve from each class, the presdent chosen at large, and two Faculty members one of whom wll be permanent. The Vce-Presdent of ths Board wll be charman of the dfferent dvsonal clubs. Ths Board contans a Judcary Commttee who handles all cases of cheatng, gamblng and the such. There shall be a system of ponts whereby a few students wll not hold all the honors. No person s allowed to have more than t en ponts per semester or more than twelve ponts at any one tne. Ths pont system has been worked out wth the above am n mnd. D v so,ns of Club The large clu.b shall be dvded nto three man dvsons: lterary, actvty, and vocatonal. Under each of these man dvsons wll come several separate clubs; the knd and number dependng on the hgh school. There are hosts of possbltes under each of these dvsons. For example under lterary we may have an Englsh Club, a ctzenshp club, and a journaltc club, to nclude a study of Modern Magaznes, and perhaps gve nstructons n the proper use of the lbrary_ n the Englsh Club wll come the opportunty for moral gudance and establshment of hgh deals thru the study of good lterature, and, n the Ctzenshp Club, the students wll fearn how to adjust themselves to the g roup and to socety as a whole. Whle, n the Journa.lstc Club, thev wll learn to know lterature and wll condemn bad lterature. t wll also strengthen ther choce of deals and standards. n the actvty group there may be a Dramatc Club, an Athletc Club, an Arts and Crafts Club. and a Musc Club. n the Dramatc Club wll come opportuntes for moral gudance, ndvdualty, and leadershps, and n the Athletc Club we wll fnd opportuntes for real zng the health am n makng for cleaner, better athletcs, and a realzaton of the avocatonal am or play nstnct. Whle n the Arts and Crafts Club wll come expresson of the creatve and mtatve nstncts, and n the Musc Club, composed of the Boys' and Gr~s Glee THE low A OJfEJlA [ ER Clubs, etc., wll come expresson of the avocatonal am, and thru songs, an ad to moral gudance., The vocatonal group wll contan the Home Economcs Club, fhe Agrcultural Club, the Teacher Tranng Club and the Commercal Club. The general purpose of ths club wll be the realzaton of one of the modern ams of educaton, the vocatonal am. t wll help the student n choosng hs lfe work by helpng the student who goes drectly to work after leavng hgh school, n gvng hm practcal knowledge that he can use, and by ~...'!D -~ - - SPEC AL!. l~,.n~,l ~ -. '.. lcoffee ct Rch and Mellow,~ ' J Packed by new her- 1 metc seal process that J retansnta ct the fresh 1 roasted fragrance. t... ~....J " - ~~- + JANUARY SALE ON ALL WNTER HOSE Wool, black and brown; Slk and Wool; also Camel's Har, n all colors. Heather Mx, wth and wthout the clox. Prces from 95 cents to $ rdl Prces from 95c to $2.50 Remember the Place MLADE'S SHOP 2514ljz Lncoln Way + ~ ' ~ + WE SELL Clarnda Electrc Washers $75.00 Apex Electrc Washers $98.00 and up PLUMBNG, HEATNG and ELEC'l'RC SERVCE Prced Rght W. G. Madson Co. Phone Reasons for Eyeglasses Scence has found more uses for them. Educaton calls for much eye ael. ncreasng power of lghts. Use of eyes when all nature s asleep. ARE YOUR EYES SAFE? fdl DR. f. E. ROBNSON Exclusve Optometrst Over- the Gft Shop Ames, owa ( J M w~ ~~!~ ~~ 8,!~ a~~~a~ch!: the holes, buld up the heels, and save your soles. Lnder's Shoe Shop ~~ ~+ LOWRY DRUG COMPANY CARA NOME TOLET PREPARATONS ~-~ t! 1 t Shaeffer's Lfe-Tme Pens Parker's Duofold' Athletc Drug Co West St. Ames, a. j l l! l l t

17 THE low A HOMEMAKER 13 helpng the student who plans to go to college n makng hm more able to choose the lne of work he wshes to major n. Keepng up the nterest There s nothng more fatal to club lfe than the "same old thng." Keepng up the nterest n a club s one of the reader's bg problems. A party s one of the most popular, but not the least mportant way of creatng a new nterest. _ t s a good dea to work on the partes that a club wshes to gve n a certan amount of tme n a schedule form the same as the busness meetngs are worked out. Too many partes are not good. Each party should be gven for a reason and all detals planned dfferently. A reunon party of the old members could be the frst party after vacaton, to talk about summer trps and to r enew the sprt of the club. f the club s frst organzed a party should be gven anyway. Then there are the partes gven for other clubs and for boy frends. A mother's party would be very enjoyable where the grls entertan ther mothers at a tea or an nexpensve luncheon. Ths gves the leader a chance to meet all of the mothers and gan somethng of the home lfe of the grls. n fact, all of the partes ar e helpful and the leader as she learns how the grls conduct themselves wth dfferent people s able to solve some of her problems. Partes are benefcal to the grls not only for the fun they get out of them, but for the tranng they get by plannng nvtatons, r efreshments, decoratons, entertanment, and by formng commttees and leadershp n all phases. The partes should be smple but creatve. A contest s always a stmulus and creates nterest and eagerness. When taken as a whole club or as ndvduals, competton brngs better r esults. The grls learn to take defeat wth a good wll and to gve the best that s n them. Rewards may be offered and sometmes t s more nterestng not to know what the reward s gong to be. However, rewards, should be thngf! whch can be kept such as cups, pns, medals, and badges to remnd them of, what they stand for. f contests are of dfferent natures so that.clffer ent grls are able to wn them, the nterest wll be greater than f the same ones won them all the tme_ Club papers f too many members do not belong to a Journalstc club are nterestng and somethng dfferent. Even f they cannot afford to have the paper publshed, t s worth whle to organze and keep a paper n the club. Publc notces, such as bulletns and posters, are nterestng to work on. Bulletn boards should be placed n the school and everyone should become accustomed to usng them. t s good tranng for the grls to wrte up nterestng announcements and make posters. Bg headlnes, pctures, and poetry may be used to attract attenton. A club should not meet too o1'ten. Too much of practcally the same causes lack of nterest. Our model club wll meet three tmes a month, the whole ctzenshp club once and the dvsons twce, not countng the socal functons. Every meetng must be very carefully planned out beforehand and each meetng should have a useful, nsplnng purpose and be conducted n a lvely nter- estng manner. Each meetng must relate n some way to the one before and tle one to follow. Much depends upon the leader, but cooperaton of all, a warm, frendly feelng toward each other, and cheerful, useful servce makes a perfect club 'l'he only Luncheonette on the South Sde. WAFFLES AND COFFEE are our specaltes. Phone 1534-W Cgars Cgarettes t Home Economc Experts 1 recommend Harrs' Ammona, Blung, Certfed Colors and! FRANK E. HARRS CO. nc.,_,,_.,_.,_,,_.,_.,_,,_.,_,,_,_.,_j The Qualty Loaf BUTTER NUT 1BREAD J BATES BAKNG COMPANY ~ t ' The Charm of a frock Les n ts smplcty-n ts excellent talor~1g-n ts subtle lnes. Practcal m sturdy fabrcsgood lookng n colorful trmmngs-becomng m youthful lnes, our frocks are unusual, and represent the season's smartest stylng. Osborn's Ames ' New Store for Women l

18 14 Plannng the Home Grounds (Contnued from page 7) possble, t should be tested by drvng over t before constructon s started. An area for a car to turn n should be at least 60 feet n dameter, whch s too large a space to be gven over for ths purpose alone on a small place. Ths problem s better handled by a spur whch s planned to conform wth the turn made b! the car n backng out. n consderng the dfferent areas, the publc area s of great mportance because t forms the settng of the home as vewed from the street. Do not plant n the parkng unless t s the the polcy of the whole street to do so, and avod hgh plantng toward the street ntersecton, for such plantng s objectonable to publc safety. The great porton of the lawn should have an open center unbroken by plantng except for trees and specmen plants, the shrubs beng massed about the foundaton and border lnes. The prvate area should be planned to express the ndvdualty of the owner. Admttance to ths should be as sacred as to the house tself. Often walls ot brck or stone or fences of lattce covered wth vnes wll secure enclosure and ther arches and nches wll afford attractve features n the garden. Ths prvate porton can be planned as an nformal lawn area bordered.by trees, shrubs and flowers, or follow a more dgnfed desgn where the archtectural Jnes of the house are carred out nto the garden and repeated n a formal scheme. The servce porton ncludes the garage, garage court, vegetable garden, laundry yard and all other out-door workng parts. Ths should be screened both from the street and the lvng portons of the house and grounds. The servce area should be easly reached from the street and should be accessble to the ktchen entrance and to the entrance leadng to the basement of the house. The greatest satsfacton s ganed when the pjannng and at least a part of the work we have done ourselves, for t s only when we help construct do we love the fnshed p-roduct. "And there s no employment or recreaton whch affords the mnd greater or more permanent satsfacton, than that of cultvatng the earth and adornng our own property." & t! DUNLAP MOTOR CO. j = =! Buy a 1923 Ford j 1 - Pay One-Thrd, 40 Per Cent or 1 50 Per Cent-Balance : Monthly.! ~ DUN.LAP MOTOR CO. j 1 - Harry & Zac n t~ - -t~t-a-t J-tlt-u-tt-tl-+ THE low A H01t1E."';JAKER r _,_,_,t t 1 Valentne flowers j The OLSAN'S G. T. HART f Roses ca;::~:ns Volets J ~- StudO ~ Sweet Peas Jonquls. Corsages PHOTOGRAPHS.,1 Made up m Specal Heart- " an d a F' me L me ' o f 1 Shaped Boxes HAND-CARVED FRAMES Say t Wth Flowers 1 Phone G. To HART!._,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_, J Cranford Coffee Shop Servce a la carte HOME-MADE MNCE PES-WAFFLES and MAPLE SYRUP Home Cookng Our Specalty Prvate Rooms for Banquets 2408 Lncoln Way Phone 1545-W ~ t-111-tll ~ ~ ~ ~~-~ t 1 Wnter Quarter j 1 Supples l NEW AND SECOND-HAND TEXT BOOKS ' j l 1 We Buy and Sell l! - 1 South of Campus Next to Theatre l,,_,,_,._,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_, j

19 THE low A HOMEMAKER 15 Smple Servce for Horne Meals (Contnued from page 6) saton. Do not talk poltcs or relgon where there are guests of mscellaneous belefs. Toothpcks are never used outsde the prvacy of one's own room. The hostess contnues eatng untl all are fnshed lest some guest be embarrassed at fndng herself the last to fnsh. The napkn s left n the lap untl the hostess places her's on the table just pror to rsng. A guest who s stayng for consecutve meals should fold her napkn nconspcuously. f nvted for but one meal lay the napkn on the table only partly folded or rumpled. Do not leave the table untl you have entrely ceased chewng. Arse from the left sde of the char. Push the char close to the table so that one may easly pass. Who's There and Where (Contnued from page 8) work there beng to care for the specal det pa;terts, and serve ther trays.. thnk ths arrangement s as nearly deal as we could want. Our det laboratory n the afternoons serves as a cookng laboratory for the cookery and detetcs classes. do not have an assstant, but have been releved of some of the work so do :not feel too pushed at present. formerly had the r esponsblty of the ktchen and dnng rooms, as well as the dets, marketng, and teachng. After talkng t over wth several dettans who seemed to d'slke the culnary part as much as dd, made the recommendaton that a steward or nsttutonal manager be employed to take over that part. t happened that our housekeeper was at one tme an nsttutonal manager and consented to take charge of our ktchen and dnng rooms, so now my work conssts n makng out the menus, supervsng the ward det ktchens, marketng, and teachng the nurses. For the past week have had a student dettan, a Berkley graduate who had three and a half months tranng at the Unversty hosptal. She wanted to get some practcal experence n marketng as well as the comparson between a hosptal caterng to prvate patents and a county nsttuton. 1 am hopng that we wll soon be able to offer a r egular student dettan course by sprng at most. f we are able to arrange for an afflaton wth some prvate hosptal such as Stanford or U. of Calforna, the course should be of more value than one gven n a sngle hosptal. When came out here certanly dd not dream of all the thngs that would be expected of the dettan. The latest "horror" s a request to gve the nterns nstructon n dettcs. rebelled strenuously untl dscovered that the only way to get them to prescrbe dets nstead of medcne was to teach them the value of detotheraphy. One of them ddn't know that darrhea mght be regula:ted by det, but ordered medcnes only. only expect to gve them a summary of the latest theores n det for the most mportant dseases. Kndly remember me to Mss Murphy, Mss Busse and any other of the staff of "old tmers." Very sncerely, (Sgned) Lllan Gebelsten. t m - --l-11-ll...,.ll-ll-ll-11- ll-ll-11--ll-l-l-l-+. : f l Whtman's Crane's Huyler's : l Lm.1cheonette The Chocolate Shop BOX CHOCOLATES Fountan Servce r _.. _,_,_,,_,_,,_,,_,_.,_,,_,_,,_,,_,_,_,,_.,_,,_.,_,_,,_,_,_,_ T : !. Cranford Beauty Shop l J 2400 Lncoln Way Phone 1542' 1 1 l WHAT ABOUT T? l A FRESDE LUNCH ~ THE MAPLES 1 : l Open Frday, Saturday and Sunday Nghts! Phone 323-W ~~ l Your Reputaton s Good---sn't t? 1 f! t So s ours, and we endeavor to keep t that way by sellng GOOD shoes- n our estmaton, the fnest shoes n the world for smart appearance, extreme comfort and unusual wearng qualtes. Come n and let us show them to you. AMES BOOTERY l

20 16 TME REQURED FOR COOKNG MEAT. A frend of mne-she graduated n ndustral Scence rather than Home Economcs-was marred recently. was much excted when my frst nvtaton for dnner came, and upon arrvng, followed her expectantly to the ktchen "so we can talk every mnute." t was as blue and whte as any home economcs ktchen. '''m gettng along beautfully, Jane," she told me, "but do you know haven't the fantest dea how long to cook thngs, partcularly meats. t's really most as ntrgung as the fourth dmenson whether the food wll be cooked just rght, not enough or too much." Personally don't know much about the fourth dmenson but certanly do not thnk ts very nterestng to puzzle about whether food s gong to be cooked suffcently or not. "Helen," sad, "'ve some tables n my sophomore recpe fle that are just what you need and 'll send them tomorrow." NeJ(t day, sent her the followng: Tme Table For Coo;kng Meats B()lng Leg of mutton-2-3 hours Ham ( lbs.)-4-5 hours Turkey 9 lbs.-2-3 hours Chcken 3 lbs.-1-11,4 hours Brolng Steak (1 nch thck)- 12 mnutes Steak (11/2 nch thck) mnutes Fsh slces mnutes Lamb chops mnutes Veal chops mnutes Sprng chcken-15 mnutes Roast ng-(after t has been seared) Rb of beef per lb.- 15 mnutes plus 15 mnutes over Leg of Mutton per lb mnutes L11mb per lb mnutes Veal per lb.-20 mnutes plus 15 mnutes over Pork per lb mnutes Chcken per lb.-15 mnutes plus 15 mnutes over. Goose per lb.-18 mnutes Turkey 8 lbs hours Capon 4 lbs.- 1 hour. SUCCESS He has acheved success who has lved well, laughed often and loved much; who has ganed the respect of ntellgent men and the love of lttle chldren; who has flled hs nche and accomplshed hs task; who has left the world better than he found t, whether by an mproved poppy, a perfect poem, or a rescued soul; who has never lacked apprecaton of earth's beauty, or faled to express t; who- has looked for the best n others, and has gven the best he had; whose lfe was an nspraton hs memory a benedcton. A PLAN t's tme for resolutons now. t's almost New Year's day. Of course we never keep them, But we make them anyway. 've thought of a much wser plan, 'm sure t would be fne. f 'd make resolutons For acquantances of mne. My path would be a rosy one, Wthout lament or woe, f could do resolvng For the people that know. THE low A f ME MAKER r _.._,_,._,._,._,._,._,_,_,_,_,_,_,_.._,_,._,._,._,_,_.._,_,_,_ r J AMES J PANTORUM 1 1 j J t MASTER CLEANERS j j : = Phone 231! 1 : :! f We Call for and Delver.! l AMES OWA j M N Greetngs Once more we pass another mlestone n the hstory of the world..and once more we stand on the threshold of another year. What 1923 wll brng forth none of us can foretell. But every ndcaton ponts to the fact that the work of reconstructon wll go onward wth a determnaton known only to.amerca. Our goal can only be reached through co-operaton, a unty of purpose and a feelng of brotherly love. To you-our frends-we extend the greetngs of the season. The Far l u f