ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX TECHNOLOGY FOR VEHICLE FUELING WITH BIOMETHANE / KOMPLEKSAS TEHNOLOĂIJAS SPĒKRATA UZPILDĪŠANAI AR BIOMETĀNU ANALĪZE

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1 ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX TECHNOLOGY FOR VEHICLE FUELING WITH BIOMETHANE / KOMPLEKSAS TEHNOLOĂIJAS SPĒKRATA UZPILDĪŠANAI AR BIOMETĀNU ANALĪZE Invenor Safronov A. 1), Prof.PhD.Habil.Phys Gelfga Y. 2) 3), 4), Assis. Prof. Ph.D.Sc.Eng. Šmigins R. 1) Hygen Ld.; 2) Insiue of Physics of Universiy of Lavia; 3) Lavia Universiy of Agriculure; 4) Insiue of Physical Energeics / Lavia Tel: ; alex@hygengroup.com Absrac: In he paper are presened he heoreical and experimenal researches of new echnology for vehicle fueling wih biomehane. In he resul of research were realized calculaions using hermodynamical and hea ransfer formulas; has creaed a real prooype, o validae working parameers in an experimenal demonsraion in laboraory condiions. Keywords: biomehane, vehicle, fueling INTRODUCTION The rising of oil prices and ecology aspecs are facors moivaing he counries around he world o suppor biofuel research and producion. Since he global energy crisis in he 1970s, more exensive aenion has been focussed on liquid renewable fuels, such as, vegeable oil, biodiesel and ehanol. All hese fuels can be made from differen kind of raw maerials and herefore hey have essenial advanages comparing o fossil fuels. During he las years large aenion was focused also on biogas producion, and i cleaning and upgrading ill naural gas sandards, allowing o ge biomehane. This gaseous fuel also is renewable fuel, because i is produced by he anaerobic digesion or fermenaion of differen ypes of biodegradable maerials. During las years biogas producion has developed very rapidly due o a governmenal suppor, which guaranees ha he elecric power, produced in he resul of burning of biogas in CHP plans, has o be purchased by power company. Bu no all biogas companies are ineresed o produce only elecric power, some of hem are looking for bio-mehane uilizaion in heir car flee, when biogas is cleaned and upgraded ill naural gas physico-chemical properies. The number of naural gas vehicles is growing rapidly and now i reached almos 14.5 million vehicles in he world wih he growing perspecive of 18% per year [1]. Bes example, where large par of hese vehicles is used - municipal secor: ciy buses, wase collecion vehicles, axis, municipal vehicles, ec. A presen one of he main drawbacks for bio-mehane uilizaion widely in privae ranspor secor is ha i is expensive and no so effecive filling equipmen. The objecive of his research is o analyze new echnology, creaed by Lavian invenor, which could allow o decrease mainenance expenses and increase effeciviy of bio-mehane filling equipmen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Presenly, during producion of mehane compressing equipmen, here are used gas-filling mulisage compressors wih boh mechanical and hydraulic drives, which provide he compression of naural gas for is applicaion as a moor vehicle fuel. Complicaed consrucion of compressors wih mechanical drive, consumpion of large amouns of power during heir use, and generaion of large amouns of hea, as well as high mainenance coss compensaing a wear of movable pars of compressor resuled in he developmen of compressors wih hydraulic drives having some advanages over he compressors wih mechanical drives. Afer reviewing of realized mehane compressing mehods, here could be marked a mehod of company ECOFUELER for mulisage compressing gas (U.S. Pa. Kopsavilkums: Doajā raksā ir parādīi jaunas ehnoloăijas spēkraa uzpildīšanai ar biomeānu eorēiie un eksperimenālie pēījumi. Pēījumu rezulāā ika veiki aprēėini izmanojo gan ermodinamiās likumsakarības, gan siluma pārejas sakarības; izveidos reāls prooips darba parameru novērēšanai eksperimenālos pēījumos laboraorijas apsākĝos. Aslēgas vārdi: biomeāns, spēkras, uzpilde IEVADS Pieaugošās degvielas cenas un ekoloăijas aspeki ir fakori, kas moivē valsis visā pasaulē abalsī biodegvielu pēījumus un ražošanu. Kopš enerăijas krīzes 1970-jos daudz lielāka uzmanība ika pievērsa ādām ajaunojamām degvielām kā augu eĝĝa, biodīzeĝdegviela un eanols. Visas šīs degvielas var ik saražoas no dažāda veida organiajiem maeriāliem un ādējādi ām ir nozīmīgas priekšrocības salīdzinājumā ar fosilajām degvielām. Pēdējos gados liela uzmanība pievērsa arī biogāzes ražošanai, un ās aīrīšanai un bagāināšanai līdz dabasgāzes sandariem, Ĝaujo iegū biomeānu. Šī gāzveida degviela arī ir ajaunojama, jo ā iek iegūa dažāda veida bioloăii degradējamu maeriālu anaerobās apsrādes vai fermenācijas rezulāā. Pēdējos gados biogāzes ražošana ir aīsījusies Ĝoi srauji saisībā ar valdības abalsu, kas garanē elekroenerăijas iepirkumu no uzħēmumiem, kas biogāzes sadedzināšanas rezulāā koăenerācijas sacijā ražo elekroenerăiju. Taču ne visas biogāzes kompānijas ir ieineresēas ikai ražo elekroenerăiju; dažas no ām ir ieineresēas biomeāna izmanošanā sev piederošajā auoparkā, kad biogāze ir aīrīa un bagāināa līdz dabasgāzes fizikāli-ėīmiajām īpašībām. Dabasgāzes ransporlīdzekĝu ais pieaug srauji un agad as pasaulē jau ir sasniedzi gandrīz 14.5 miljonus ransporlīdzekĝu, ar izaugsmes perspekīvu 18% gadā [1]. Labākais piemērs, kur liela daĝa šo ransporlīdzekĝu iek izmanoa pašvaldības: pilsēas auobusi, akriumu savākšanas ranspors, aksomeri, pašvaldības ranspors, u. Palaban viens no būiākajiem kavēkĝiem biomeāna plašākai izmanošanai ranspora sekorā ir pieiekoši dārgais un nepieiekoši efekīvais uzpildes aprīkojums. Šī pēījuma mērėis ir analizē jaunu, Lavijas izgudroāja radīu, ehnoloăiju, kas Ĝauu samazinā biomeāna uzpildes aprīkojuma izmaksas un palielinā ā efekiviāi. MATERIĀLI UN METODES Izgaavojo meāna saspiešanas iekāras, pareiz efekīvi iek lieoi galvenokār daudzpakāpju gāzes uzpildes kompresori, gan ar mehāniu, gan hidrauliu piedziħu, kas nodrošina dabasgāzes saspiešanu līdz ādam līmenim, pie kura iespējams izmano dabasgāzi kā auoranspora degvielu. Kompresoriem ar mehāniu piedziħu ir sarežăīa konsrukcija, ekspluaācijas laikā ie paērē daudz enerăijas un izdala lielu siluma daudzumu. Turklā iem ir augsi ekspluaācijas izdevumi, ar ko kompensē kompresora kusīgo daĝu nodilumu. Minēo rūkumu dēĝ parādījās kompresori ar hidrauliu piedziħu, kuriem ir vairākas priekšrocības, salīdzino ar kompresoriem, kuriem ir mehāniā piedziħa. Apao ražošanā realizēos meāna saspiešanas paħēmienus, var azīmē firmas ECOFUELER izmanoo gāzes daudzpakāpju saspiešanas paħēmienu (ASV paens 59

2 ) [2], which predics mulisage gas compressing in series-conneced compressing vessels. This is performed by under-pressure supply of a hydraulic fluid, which is being separaed from he compressed gas by pisons moving in he vessels during operaing cycles of he compressor. This mehod has found is applicaion in gas-filling devices of ECOFUELER, including individual gas-filling appliances of HRA ype (Home Refueling Appliance). This device is prediced for residenial low pressure gas nework and from sandard residenial elecric nework. The disadvanaage of gasfilling devices operaed according o his mehod is heir high price limiing he broad use hereof in a privae secor. The reason has o do wih he need for high-echnology consrucional elemens, mainly for precision hydraulic compressing vessels. I is known in he ar a mehod for hydraulic compression of gas for fueling a moor vehicle from mobile gas-filling appliances wihou a dividing pison beween he gas and fluid (RU paen ) [3]. Transfer of gas from accumulaing vessels o user s vessels is performed by a displacemen of fluid by gas wih he sequenial ransfer of fluid from a previous vessel o he nex ones. This mehod may be used in mobile gas filling unis providing large volumes of compressed gas by connecion o a gas line wih raher high pressure required for his mehod and having a power supply source of sufficien power (indusrial elecrical nework). Moreover, because he above menioned condiion provided by his mehod, when upon he erminaion of compression cycle in a compressing vessel, a cerain volume of compressed gas is lef in is upper par, he effecive volume of he furher filling of a working vessel decreases due o significan volume expansion of his lef non-displaced volume of he compressed gas. Therefore, he exisence of such residual volume of compressed gas lef in he working vessel a he end of a compression cycle resuls in he so called sreched spring effec a he sage of filling he compression vessel (residual compressed gas begins o increase many fold in volume). The objec of curren invesigaion is proposed in LV paen Nr B [4]. This is a mehod for compressing gas for fueling vehicles by alernae ransfer of gas ino wo verically arranged compressing vessels (Fig. 1), is compression and forcing ino high-pressure vessels by filling he compressing vessels wih working fluid under pressure by means of a hydraulic drive. A novely of his mehod lies in ha, according o he presen invenion, each cycle of gas compressing and is forcing ou of he compressing vessels is performed unil hese vessels are fully filled wih he working fluid conained in he compressing vessels and alernaely forced ou of one compressing vessel ino he oher in response o a signal sen by a fluid-level sensor capable of deecing he full fiilling of he corresponding compressing vessel. To increase he ime required o fuel a moor vehicle, here may be provided he increase in gas pressure by is preliminary compression a he inle of he compressing vessels. The principal scheme of gas-filling device is provided in Fig. 1, and i comprises wo compressing vessels (1), (2) and he accumulaing vessel (31), in he upper necks of which here are mouned shu-off devices (3) inegraed wih fluid level sensors (4) capable of deecing he full filling of he compressing vessels wih working fluid. Compressing vessels (1) and (2), as also accumulaing vessel (31) has also lower necks conneced o hydraulic mainlines. A hydraulic pump (5) wih an elecric drive (6) is provided wih a high-pressure line (7) and low-pressure line (8), which are conneced wih he compressing vessels (1), (2) and accumulaing vessel (31) hrough shu-off elecromagneic valves (9), (10), (11), (12), (36) ) [2], kas paredz gāzes daudzpakāpju saspiešanu secīgi savienoos gāzes saspiešanas cilindros. Lai gāzi saspiesu, cilindros ievada saspiesu hidraulio šėidrumu, kas adalīs no saspiežamās gāzes ar virzuĝiem, kuri kompresora darba ciklu laikā cilindros pārvieojas. Šis paħēmiens iek izmanos firmas ECOFUELER gāzes uzpildes iekārās,.. arī individuālas lieošanas gāzes uzpildes iekārās HRA (Home Refueling Appliance). Šīs iekāras paredzēas pieslēgšanai zemā spiediena sadzīves gāzes sadales īklam un sandara sadzīves elekroīklam. Gāzes uzpildes iekārām, kuru darbība balsās uz šādu gāzes saspiešanas paħēmienu, ir augsa cena, kas ierobežo šādu iekāru plašu izplaību privāajā sekorā. Augso cenu nosaka nepieciešamība pēc iekāras konsrukīvo elemenu, i sevišėi saspiešanas cilindru izgaavošanas preciziāes. Ir zināms arī cis gāzes hidraulias saspiešanas paħēmiens auoranspora uzpildei no pārvieojamām gāzes uzpildes iekārām. Šajā gadījumā kompresora cilindrā saspiežamās gāzes adalīšanai no šėidruma neiek izmanos virzulis (KF paens ) [3]. Gāzes padevi paērēājam no uzkrāšanas vernēm nodrošina, gāzi izspiežo no ām ar saspiesa šėidruma palīdzību, kas iek pārsūknēs secīgi no iepriekšējās uzkrāšanas vernes uz nākošām. Šo paħēmienu iespējams izmano ransporējamās gāzes uzpildes iekārās, lai nodrošināu lielus gāzes saspiešanas apjomus, kad iespējams pievienoies gāzes vadam ar samērā augsu spiedienu, kāds nepieciešams šī paħēmiena realizācijai, un kad ir pieejams pieiekošas jaudas elekroīkls (rūpnieciais elekroīkls). Bez am, šajā paħēmienā ieverais nosacījums, ka saspiešanas cikla beigās saspiešanas cilindra augšējā daĝā paliek ievērojams saspiesās gāzes daudzums, samazina saspiešanas cilindra sekojošās uzpildes efekīvo ilpumu ā iemesla dēĝ, ka pāri palikusī saspiesā gāze ievērojami izplešas. Tādejādi, saspiešanas ciklam beidzoies, saspiešanas cilindrā paliek pāri ievērojams daudzums saspiesas gāzes, kam jāpiedalās nākošajā saspiešanas ciklā, nosaka o, ka, uzsāko saspiešanas cilindra uzpildi ar saspiežamo gāzi, ajā alikušās gāzes ilpums vairākkār palielinās. Doā pēījuma mērėis ir ierosinās LV paenā Nr B [4]. Šie meode iek realizēa saspiežamo gāzi pārmaiħus ievado divos verikālos saspiešanas cilindros (1. a.), kuros gāzes saspiešana un sekojoša ās pārvieošana uz uzkrāšanas verni iek veika, saspiešanas cilindros ievado saspiesu šėidrumu ar sūkħa palīdzību. Jaunievedums ir āds, ka saaħā ar izgudrojumu, kara gāzes saspiešanas cikla beigās saspiešanas cilindrs ir pilnībā uzpildīs ar šėidrumu,.i., visa saspiesā gāze ir pārvieoa uz uzkrāšanas verni. Turklā, gāzes saspiešanai vajadzīgais šėidruma daudzums glabājas saspiešanas cilindros un iek pārmaiħus pārsūknēs no viena saspiešanas cilindra uz oru pēc signāla, kas iek saħems no saspiešanas cilindru maksimālā šėidruma līmeħa devējiem. Lai saīsināu auomobiĝa uzpildei paērējamo laiku, iespējams palielinā šī paħēmiena ražību, paaugsino saspiešanas cilindros ievadāmās gāzes spiedienu ar papildus kompresora palīdzību. Uzpildes iekāras principiālā shēma ir parādīa 1. aēlā, un ā sasāv no diviem saspiešanas cilindriem (1), (2) un uzkrāšanas verni (31), kuru augšpusē esošajās averēs uzsādīi noslēgvārsi (3), kuros iebūvēi devēji (4), kas nodrošina maksimālā šėidruma līmeħa konroli saspiešanas cilindros. Saspiešanas cilindru (1) un (2), kā arī uzkrāšanas vernes (31) apakšpusē esošajām averēm piemonēi šėidruma sadales kolekori. Hidrauliais sūknis (5) ar elekrodzinēju (6) aprīkos ar augsā (7) un zemā (8) spiediena cauruĝvadiem, kuri savienoi ar saspiešanas cilindriem (1) un (2), uzkrāšanas verni (31). Uz cauruĝvadiem uzsādīi elekromagnēiie noslēgvārsi (9), (10), (11), (12), (36) un (37). Augsā (7) un zemā (8) spiediena cauruĝvadi savā sarpā savienoi ar vienvirziena 60

3 and (37). High-pressure (7) and low-pressure (8) lines are conneced wih each oher by means of a bypass valve (15). Working spaces of each compressing vessel (1) and (2) hrough he shu-off devices (3) and opposie conneced oneway valves (34-35) and (17), (19) from one side are conneced hrough valves (34) and (35) o an inle pipeline for gas supply ino compressing vessels (1) and (2), and from he oher side hey are conneced hrough valves (17) and (19) wih an oule pipeline (21) for pumping he gas ino he fuel ank of a vehicle (22) hrough a connecor (23). drošības pārplūdes vārsu (15). Kars saspiešanas cilindrs (1) un (2) aprīkos ar noslēgvārsu (3), kam piemonēi vienvirziena noslēgvārsi (34-35) un (17), (19), kas nodrošina iespējas savieno kara saspiešanas cilindra (1) un (2) iekšējo ilpumu asevišėi gan ar zemā spiediena gāzes padeves kolekoru, averoies vienvirziena noslēgvārsam (34) vai (35), gan ar saspiesās gāzes spiedvadu (21) gāzes padevei auomobiĝa balonā (22) caur savienojošo balonu (23), averoies vienvirziena noslēgvārsam (17) vai (19). Fig. 1 - The principial scheme of high pressure compressor sysem of gaseous fuel / Gāzveida degvielas augsspiediena kompresora sisēmas principiālā shēma 1, 2 compressing vessels / 1, 2 - saspiešanas cilindri; 3 shu-off device / 3 - daudzfunkcionālais vārss; 4 fluid level sensor / 4 - šėidruma līmeħa noeikšanas elekromagnēiais devējs; 5 hydraulic pump / 5 - hidrauliais sūknis; 6 elecric drive of hydraulic pump / 6 - hidrauliā sūkħa elekrodzinējs; 7 high-pressure line / 7 - augsa spiediena cauruĝvads; 8 low-pressure line / 8 - zema spiediena cauruĝvads; 9, 10, 11, 12 elecromagneic valves / 9, 10, 11, 12 - elekromagnēiais vārss; 15 bypass valve / 15 - vienvirziena drošības pārplūdes vārss; 17, 19 one-way valves / 17, 19 - vienvirziena vārss; 21 oule pipeline / 21 - spiedvads; 22 fuel ank of a vehicle / 22 - auomobiĝa balons; 23 - connecor / 23 - spiedvada un auomobiĝa balona savienojošais balons; 24 elecric conac manomeer / 24 elekrokonakmanomers; 25 elecronic conrol uni / 25 - elekronikas vadības bloks; 27 filer-drier / 27 - filrs sausināājs; 28 low pressure gas pipeline / 28 - zema spiediena gāzes vads; 29 gas / 29 gāze; 30 working fluid / 30 šėidrums; 31 accumulaing vessel / 31 gāzes uzkrāšanas verne; 32 drain ube / 32 pārplūdes caurulīe; 33 bypass valve / 33 vienvirziena vārss; 34, 35, 36, 37 - elecromagneic valves / 34, 35, 36, 37 - elekromagnēiais vārss ; According o paen he filling of he accumulaing vessel (31) is carried ou in he following sequence. When saring he gas-filling device, he elecronic conrol uni (25), which runs an operaing program, is acivaed, he elecrical drive of he hydraulic pump (6) swiches on and he elecromagneic valve (35) opens simulaneously, he elecromagneic valve (9) are brough o he condiion wherein he compressing vessel (1) is conneced o high pressure line (7), and he compressing vessel (2) is conneced o he low-pressure line (8) hrough he opened valve (12). During he operaion of hydraulic pump (5), he working fluid from he lower neck of he compressing vessel (2) hrough he open valve (12), he low-pressure line (8), he hydraulic pump (5), he high-pressure line (7), he open elecromagneic valve (9), and he lower neck of he compressing vessel (1) is pumped ino he compressing vessel (1), from which he gas hrough he one-way valve (17), and he oulline pipeline (21) is displaced ino he accumulaing vessel (31). This process is accompanied by filling a vacaed volume of he compressing vessel (2) wih he gas coming from he lowpressure gas pipeline (28) hrough he open elecromagneic valve (35). Once he working fluid (30) has reached he lower edge of he movable closing elemen in he valve consrucion, signal is sen o o he elecronic device (25) o change he hydraulic flow ino a reverse mode, in which he elecromagneic valves (9) and (12) are closed, and he valves (10) and (11) are opened and he working fluid from he fully filled compressing vessel (1) sars filling he compressing vessel (2). The Abilsoši paenā sniegajai informācijai gāzes uzkrāšanas vernes (31) uzpilde norisinās abilsoši sekojošai procedūrai. Ieslēdzo uzpildes iekāru, akivizējas elekroniais vadības bloks (25), kas uzsāk darba programmas izpildi. Vienlaicīgi iek ieslēgs hidrauliā sūkħa elekrodzinējs (6) un avērs elekromagnēiais vārss (35), elekromagnēiais vārss (9) iek pārslēgs sāvoklī, kas savieno saspiešanas cilindru (1) ar augsā spiediena cauruĝvadu (7), be vārss (12) - sāvoklī, kas savieno saspiešanas cilindru (2) ar zemā spiediena cauruĝvadu (8). Darbojoies hidrauliajam sūknim (5), šėidrums caur saspiešanas cilindra (2) apakšējo averi un avēro vārsu (12), pa zemā spiediena cauruĝvadu (8) caur zobrau sūkni (5), pa augsā spiediena cauruĝvadu (7), caur avēro elekromagnēio vārsu (9) un saspiešanas cilindra (1) apakšējo averi iek pārsūknēs uz saspiešanas cilindru (1), no kura gāze caur vienvirziena vārsu (17) un pa spiedvadu (21) iek pārvieoa uz uzkrāšanas verni (31). Šo procesu pavada saspiešanas cilindra (2) pakāpenia uzpilde ar gāzi, samazinoies šėidruma līmenim, un gāze pienāk no zemā spiediena gāzes vada (28) caur avēru elekromagnēio vārsu (35). Šėidrumam (30) sasniedzo speciālu kusīgo cilindrio noslēgelemenu vārsa konsrukcijā, iek pados signāls uz elekronio vadības bloku (25) šėidruma plūsmu pārslēgšanai reversa režīmā. Tiek aizvēri elekromagnēiie vārsi (9) un (12), be avēri vārsi (10) un (11), un šėidrums no pilnībā uzpildīā saspiešanas cilindra (1) iek pārvieos uz saspiešanas cilindru (2). Saspiesās gāzes pārvieošanas process no saspiešanas cilindra (2) un 61

4 process of displacemen of he gas from compressing vessel (2) and of filling he compressing vessel (1) is similar o he process described above. The repeiion of gas filling displacemen and fluid (30) pumping cycles resuls in gradual increase of gas pressure in he oule pipeline (21) (filling he accumulaing vessel (31)). The pressure in he oule pipeline (21) is moniored by means of he elecric conac manomeer (24). Once a arge pressure in he oule pipeline (21) has been reached, he manomeer (24) sends signal o he elecronic conrol uni (25), and hen, on response of he fluid-level sensor (4) of he compressing vessel (2) full wih he working fluid, he elecronic conrol uni (25) issues a command o sop he operaion of he gas filling device in he iniial condiion prepared o begin he filling of he fuel ank of he vehicle (22). There was realized calculaion o analyze hermodynamical processes and o check operaion of sysem, as also realized prooype, which could allow o compare resuls of heoreical and experimenal research. RESULTS Theoreical research In he resuls of research here were done calculaions using hermodynamical legiimacies and hea ransfer laws. Calculaions were done using he same dimensions of vessels, connecions and oher deails as i is prescribed o use in preparaion of he real prooype. Taking ino accoun ha ess of he sysem will be done a ambien environmen emperaure av=20 o C and emperaure of mehane flowing in compresing vessel 1 is 20 o C; pressure a normal condiions p o= kpa, baromeric pressure p b= kpa, manomeric pressure of mehane flowing in compresing vessel p 1m= kpa, manomeric end pressure in accumulaing vessel p 2bm=20 MPa, and using elemenary legiimacies is possible o find ou necessary basic parameers: Densiy of mehane in normal condiions; Densiy and volume of mehane a inflow parameers; Value of compression and volume of accumulaion vesels; Mass of mehane sucked in compressing vessel; Absolue final pressure in accumulaion vessel; Mass of mehane a he final pressure in accumulaing vessel. In he resul of calculaion was esablished ha here is necessary o realize 169 compression cycles o ge necessiy final pressure. Aenion was convered also o he changes of mehane final emperaure a he end of he separae compression cycles. As compression process is a polyropic, hen here was acceped appropriae polyropic index. Realizing furher calculaions here was obained also changes of values of he final emperaure of mehane depending from pressure a he end of compression process, which is shown in Fig. 2. saspiešanas cilindra (1) uzpildes process ar gāzi ir analoăis am, kas ir apraksīs augsāk. Akārojo gāzes uzpildes-saspiešanas ciklus un šėidruma (30) pārsūknēšanas ciklus, pakāpenii paaugsinās gāzes spiediens spiedvadā (21) (norisinās uzkrāšanas vernes (31) uzpilde). Gāzes spiediens spiedvadā (21) iek konrolēs ar elekrokonakmanomeru (24). Kad spiedvadā (21) ir sasniegs uzdoais robežspiediens, manomers (24) padod signālu uz elekronio vadības bloku (25), kam seko iekāras darbības urpināšanās līdz brīdim, kad saspiešanas cilindrā (2) šėidrums sasniedz augšējo pieĝaujamo robežu un nosrādā devējs (4). SaĦemo signālu no šī devēja, vadības bloks (25) pārrauc uzpildes iekāras darbību robežsāvoklī, kāds nepieciešams, lai uzsāku auomobiĝa (22) balona uzpildes procedūru. Tika veiks aprēėins ermodinamikas procesa norisei un iekāras darbības pārbaudei, kā arī izveidos iekāras prooips, kas Ĝauu salīdzinā eorēio un eksperimenālo pēījumu rezulāus. REZULTĀTI Teorēiie pēījumi Pēījumu rezulāā ika veiki aprēėini izmanojo ermodinamiās likumsakarības un siluma pārejas sakarības. Aprēėini ika veiki, izmanojo cilindru, savienojumu u.c. deaĝu izmērus, kādus ir paredzēs izmano reāla prooipa izveidē. ĥemo vērā, ka sisēmas izmēăinājumi iks veiki pie apkārējās vides emperaūras av=20 o C un saspiešanas cilindrā ieplūsošā meāna emperaūra 1 arī sasāda 20 o C; normālo apsākĝu spiediens p o=101,325 kpa, baromeriais spiediens p b=99,991 kpa, saspiešanas cilindrā ieplūsošā meāna manomeriais spiediens p 1m=19,998 kpa, manomeriais beigu spiediens uzkrāšanas vernē p 2bm=20 MPa, un izmanojo elemenārās likumsakarības var noeik nepieciešamos pamaparamerus: Meāna blīvumu normālos apsākĝos; Meāna blīvumu un ilpumu pie ieplūdes parameriem; Kompresijas vērību un saspiešanas cilindru ilpumu; Saspiešanas cilindrā iesūkā meāna masu; Absolūo beigu spiedienu uzkrāšanas vernē; Meāna masu pie beigu spiediena uzkrāšanas vernē. Aprēėinu rezulāā konsaēs, ka nepieciešamā beigu spiediena iegūšanai ir nepieciešamas 169 saspiešanas cikla reizes. Uzmanība ika pievērsa arī meāna beigu emperaūras izmaiħām asevišėo saspiešanas ciklu beigās. Tā kā saspiešanas process ir poliropis, ad aprēėinos ika pieħems aiecīgais poliropās pakāpes rādīājs. Veico ālākus aprēėinus, ika iegūas arī meāna beigu emperaūras vērību izmaiħas akarībā no spiediena saspiešanas procesa beigās, kas parādīas 2. aēlā. 2, 0 C p 2, MPa Fig. 2 The changes of he final emperaure of mehane a he end of compression process / Meāna beigu emperaūras izmaiħas saspiešanas procesa beigās Compression process is conneced wih flowing of he hea, Saspiešanas process ir saisīs ar siluma novadīšanu, herefore in ha case is imporan also he amoun of flowed āpēc būis doajā gadījumā ir arī novadīā siluma hea Q (kj), which can be calculaed using formula: daudzums n Q (kj), ko nosaka pēc formulas: n n k Qn = McV ( 2 1 ), (1) n 1

5 where M - mass of mehane sucked in compressing vessel, kg; C V - hea capaciy of mehane, kj/(kg K); n - polyropic index; k - adiabaic index; 1 - emperaure of mehane flowing in compresing vessel, C; 2 - he final emperaure of mehane in compressing vessel a he addiional sages of he cycles, C. Calculaed values of he amoun of he flowed hea are summarized in Tab.1. Temperaure of mehane flowing in he vessel / Cilindrā ieplūsošā meāna emperaūra 1 [ C] 63 kur M - saspiešanas cilindrā iesūkā meāna masa, kg; C V - meāna silumieilpība, kj/(kg K); n - poliropās pakāpes rādīājs; k - adiabāās pakāpes rādīājs; 1 - saspiešanas cilindrā ieplūsošā meāna emperaūra, C; 2 - saspiešanas cilindrā esošā meāna beigu emperaūra aiecīgajos ciklu posmos, C. Aprēėinos iegūā novadīā siluma daudzuma vērības apkopoas 1. abulā. Absolue values of he amoun of flowed hea in he polyropic compression process / Novadīā siluma daudzuma absolūās vērības poliropiā saspiešanas procesā The final emperaure of Difference of mehane in he vessel / emperaures / Cilindrā esošā meāna beigu Temperaūru sarpība emperaūra 2 [ C] 2-1 [ C] Table 1 / 1. abula The amoun of flowed hea / Novadīā siluma daudzums Q n [kj] / 22,9 2.9 / 2, / 2, / 32, / 12, / 11, / 42, / 22, / 21, / 46, / 26, / 25, / 47, / 27, / 26, / 49, / 29, / 27, / 49, / 29, / 28, / 50, / 30, / 29, / 50, / 30, / 29,3 For he evaluaion of he amoun of hea from hea ransfer process, here were defined oher required parameers: surface of hea dividing, speed of fluid rising, ec. During he calculaion of he surface of hea dividing suppose ha lower base of vessel does no deliver hea in ambien environmen because i is covered by fluid layer. As he produciviy of he pump Q is known, which is s 10 liers per minue, i is possible o calculae speed v of fluid rising in compressing vessel during he process, as also ime during which fluid fills he compressing vessel. In he resul of calculaion was esablished ha here are necessary 4.9 minues o fill he vessel. The amoun of hea Q (kj) from hea ransfer posiion can be find ou from following formula: τ where K - hea ransfer coeffcien (aking ino accoun ha hea moves from one gaseous environmen o anoher); F - surface of hea dividing, m 2 ; 2 - he final emperaure of mehane in compressing vessel a he addiional sages of he cycles, C; av - ambien environmen emperaure, C. τ - lengh of compression process, s. Calculaed values of he amoun of hea from hea ransfer process are summarized in Tab.2. Lai novērēu novadīo siluma daudzumu no siluma pārejas viedokĝa, iek noeiki cii nepieciešamie parameri: silumu adodošā virsma, šėidruma līmeħa pacelšanās ārums u.c. Nosako siluma adodošo virsmu pieħem, ka cilindra apakšējā pamane silumu apkārējā vidē neadod, jo doajā gadījumā o nosedz noeiks šėidruma slānis. Zino sūkħa ražību Q, kas doajam sūknim ir 10 liri s minūē, iek aprēėinās šėidruma līmeħa pacelšanās ārums v saspiešanas cilindrā procesa laikā un arī laiks ( 2 av ) τ,, kurā šėidrums piepilda saspiešanas cilindru. Aprēėinu rezulāā iek konsaēs, ka cilindra piepildīšanai ir nepieciešamas 4.9 minūes. Pārvadīo siluma daudzumu Q (kj) no siluma pārejas τ viedokĝa jau var noeik pēc sekojošas formulas: KF Qτ = (2) 1000 kur K - siluma pārejas koeficiens (iek Ħems vērā, ka silums pārie no vienas gāzveida vides orā); F - silumu adodošā virsma, m 2 ; 2 - saspiešanas cilindrā esošā meāna beigu emperaūra aiecīgajos ciklu posmos, C. av - apkārējās vides emperaūra, C. τ - saspiešanas procesa ilgums, s. Aprēėinos iegūā novadīā siluma daudzuma vērības no siluma pārejas viedokĝa apkopoas 2. abulā. Table 2 / 2. abula Values of he amoun of hea from hea ransfer process / Novadīā siluma daudzuma vērības no siluma pārejas viedokĝa Ambien environmen emperaure / Apkārējās vides emperaūra The final emperaure of mehane in he vessel / Cilindrā esošā meāna beigu Difference of emperaures / Temperaūru sarpība The amoun of hea / Siluma daudzums Q τ [kj] av [ C] emperaūra 2 [ C] 2- av [ C] / 22,9 2.9 / 2, / 2, / 32, / 12, / 12, / 42, / 22, / 21, / 46, / 26, / 26, / 47, / 27, / 27, / 49, / 29, / 28, / 49, / 29, / 29, / 50, / 30, / 30, / 50, / 30, / 30,4

6 Experimenal research Experimenal prooype (Fig. 3) was a base for experimenal invesigaion and wihin he framework of proper measuremens were deermined ime (vessel filling wih fluid), vessel final pressure p bc, final heaing emperaure b in every cycle. Resuls of he experimenal research confirmed ha he process of filling of he vessel wih fluid and forcing ou of he gas from i can be realized wihou deflecions and in correspondence wih safey measures. The filling of he vessel was carried ou wihin 5 minues. Vessel and elecric drive sysem complied wih esablished safey measures. Eksperimenālie pēījumi Pēc eksperimenālā prooipa (3. a.) izveidošanas ika veiki arī aiecīgie eksperimenālie pēījumi, kuru ievaros karā ciklā ika noeiks cilindra piepildīšanās laiks (ar šėidrumu), cilindra beigu spiediens p, kā arī cilindra uzsilšanas emperaūra b. Eksperimenālā pēījuma rezulāi apsiprināja, ka cilindra piepildīšanās ar šėidrumu un gāzes izspiešanas process noris bez novirzēm un iek realizēs abilsoši uzsādīajām prasībām. Cilindra piepildīšanās laiks ika realizēs 5 minūšu laikā. Ne cilindra, ne arī elekromoora uzsilšana sisēmas darbības laikā nepārsniedza uzsādīās drošības prasības. bc Fig. 3 Realized high pressure compressor sysem of gaseous fuel / Izveidoā gāzveida degvielas augsspiediena kompresora sisēma CONCLUSIONS LV pa. No B Mehod and device o compress gaseous fuel for vehicles filling describes device and mehod how i works in real life condiions. The invenion may be applied for biomehane compression; In he resul of experimenal research was approved ha he filling of one vessel is carried ou wihin 5 minues. The prooype achieves he necessary pressure in ime due o he heoreical calculaion. The prooype can give a rise for esablishemen of he commercial sample, however he commercial sample should be esed in long erm condiions o be convinced ha he sysem and separae unis of he sample work properly. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The auhors graefully acknowledge he funding from European Regional Developmen Fund (projec Nr. 2010/0279/2DP/ /10/APIA/VIAA/163). REFERENCES[1]. NGV marke growh. [2]. Green, J.S., Odom H. (1999) - Mehod for compressing gases using a muli-sage hydraulically-driven compressor.u.s. Pa. No [3]. Аксенов, Д.Т., Лашкевич Е.Д. (1999) Способ реализации природного газа и передвижной газозаправщик. Патент Российской Федерации, [4]. Safronovs, A. (2008). Gāzveida degvielas saspiešanas paħēmiens auoranspora uzpildei un gāzes uzpildes iekāra šī paħēmiena realizācijai. LV Pa. LV13661 B. SECINĀJUMI Paena Nr B Gāzveida degvielas saspiešanas paħēmiens auoranspora uzpildei un gāzes uzpildes iekāra šī paħēmiena realizācijai ievaros apraksīais izgudrojums un paħēmiens ir realizējams dabā un var ik pielieos biomeāna saspiešanai; Eksperimenālo pēījumu rezulāā apsiprinājās, ka viena cilindra piepildīšanai nepieciešamais laiks sasniedz 5 minūes. Izveidoais prooips sasniedz nepieciešamo spiedienu eorēiajos aprēėinos konsaēajā laika periodā. Izveidoais prooips var kalpo par pamau komerciāla modeĝa izveidošanai, aču pēc ā izveides ir nepieciešams veik ilgsošāku komerciāla modeĝa esēšanu, lai pārliecināos par visas iekāras un arī asevišėu mezglu bezaeikuma darbību. ATZINĪBAS Auori izsaka paeicību par finansiālo abalsu Eiropas Reăionālās Aīsības Fondam (projeks Nr. 2010/0279/2DP/ /10/APIA/VIAA/163). LITERATŪRA [1]. NGV marke growh. [2]. Green, J.S., Odom H. (1999) - Mehod for compressing gases using a muli-sage hydraulically-driven compressor.u.s. Pa. No [3]. Аксенов, Д.Т., Лашкевич Е.Д. (1999) Способ реализации природного газа и передвижной газозаправщик. Патент Российской Федерации, [4]. Safronovs, A. (2008). Gāzveida degvielas saspiešanas paħēmiens auoranspora uzpildei un gāzes uzpildes iekāra šī paħēmiena realizācijai. LV Pa. LV13661 B. 64

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