Emergency Scene Priorities for the Incident Commander

Transcription

1 By Steve Przibrwski Deputy Chief The respnsibilities f the first-due cmpany fficer and/r chief fficer are tremendus and ever grwing. The items belw are infrmatin I have taken frm my experiences, as well as numerus ther surces t put tgether a checklist as a guideline t base yur emergency scene decisin-making n. This list is nt an ending, as much as it is a beginning. Take the time t mdify t best meet yur needs, based n the situatin yu may find yurself faced with. Be safe ut there, and remember ur persnnel deserve a rund-trip ticket hme, every time they cme t wrk. Size-up: The things yu are thinking abut, starting with even befre the call is dispatched, and ending when yu have left the scene. - F (Facts) Time f emergency Lcatin f emergency Nature f emergency Life hazard Expsures Building r buildings invlved Fire Weather - P (Prbabilities/pssibilities) Life hazard Extensin f fire Explsins Cllapse f cmpnent parts f invlved building Weather changes Preventable damage (water, heat, smke, ther causes) - O (Own situatin) Persnnel and equipment Additinal assistance available Water supply Private fire prtectin equipment Actin that has been taken - P (Plan) Initial decisin Supplemental decisins - D (Decisin) Orders and instructins Supervisin f peratins NOTE: The abve items cme frm Llyd Layman s Firefighting Tactics bk, and are in many ways, similar t the Critical Firegrund Factrs mentined n page 2. Fr all emergencies: - Verify the map pages/find where yu are ging; view any applicable pre-plans - Start tracking respnding resurces (respnding units, where each are respnding frm, in what rder they may arrive, pssible assignments, etc.) - Ensure radis are n the apprpriate channels - Ensure apprpriate PPE is n r easy t dn upn arrival, and nt t be put n while enrute unless yu can d s with yur seatbelt still n! - Ensure yur persnnel are nt getting t amped up - Remember, fires d nt kill firefighters. Instead, lack f situatinal awareness, cmplacency, ver aggressiveness, pr risk management, acting utside yur scpe f practice, lack f building cnstructin knwledge, lack f fire behavir knwledge, lack f strategy and tactics knwledge, lack f accuntability, lack f using ICS, frgetting we did nt create the emergency we are there t mitigate the emergency and nt be a part f the prblem, and mst imprtantly, the inability t learn frm histry kills firefighters! Steve Przibrwski & 1

2 Fr structure fires - Fire behavir (Think where the fire will mst likely travel t and stp it!) Center hallway cnstructin? If s, stp the hrizntal spread and keep the hallways tenable! Strip Malls? If s, stp the hrizntal spread - Building cnstructin (especially type f cnstructin I, II, III, IV, r V; is it pre-1933 cnstructin unreinfrced masnry, etc.) Fr EMS respnses (r any respnse where patients may be invlved): ENAMES - E (Are there any Envirnmental dangers?) - N (What are the Number f patients?) - A (Is there a need fr Additinal resurces?) - M (What is the Mechanism f injury/illness?) - E (Is Extricatin needed?) - S (Are Spinal precautins necessary?) Fr wildland fires: - Fire histry - Weather cnditins - Fuels - Tpgraphy - Fire behavir - Access - Water surces/supply - Number f structures being threatened - Evacuatin issues - Available firefighting resurces - Special hazards Critical Firegrund Factrs: T be used in cnjunctin with yur size-up infrmatin abve, and t help yu make decisins and develp yur Incident Actin Plan: WALLACE WAS HOT Every cmpany fficer and chief fficer shuld be cnsidering ALL f these items in rute t the incident and upn arrival at the incident t ensure they are cvering ALL bases. - W (Water Supply) - A (Area) - L (Life Safety) - L (Lcatin/Extent f fire) - A (Apparatus respnding) - C (Cnstructin/Cllapse ptential) - E (Expsures) - W (Weather) - A (Auxiliary appliances) - S (Special matters) - H (Height) - O (Occupancy) - T (Time f day) Cmmand Optins: - Nthing shwing (investigative) mde - Fast attack (pssibly passing cmmand if anther unit is n scene) mde - Cmmand mde Radi Reprt: - Unit designatin f arriving unit - A brief descriptin f the incident situatin (type f building/ccupancy/lcatin, type f cnstructin, etc.) Steve Przibrwski & 2

3 - Obvius cnditins (fire shwing, smke shwing, multiple vehicles invlved, etc.) - Brief descriptin f actin taken - Declaratin f strategy (structure fires) - Any bvius safety cncerns - Assumptin f Incident Cmmand - Lcatin f Cmmand Pst - Request fr additinal resurces r release f respnding resurces Strategic Mde: - Offensive - Defensive - Marginal/Transitinal (Offensive/defensive r Defensive/ffensive key pint: nt bth at the same time!) Fr wildland fires: - Direct Attack (Offensive), 4 types: Pincer Envelpment Tandem Flanking - Indirect Attack (Defensive) Incident Pririties: - Life Safety / Custmer Service (internal and external) - Incident Stabilizatin / Hazard Mitigatin - Prperty Cnservatin - Envirnmental Cnsideratins Strategic Pririties/Objectives/Gals: Frm Llyd Laymen, a.k.a. RECEO-VS RECEO dne in sequence, VS dne as needed: - Rescue - Expsures - Cnfinement - Extinguishment - Overhaul - Ventilatin - Salvage Structural Fire Tactical Gals: Frm the Internatinal Sciety f Fire Service Instructrs, a.k.a. SLICERS : Sequential Actins: S = Size-up L = Lcate the Fire I = Identify and Cntrl Flw Path C = Cl the Space frm Safest Lcatin E = Extinguish the Fire Actins f Opprtunity: R = Rescue S = Salvage Steve Przibrwski & 3

4 Tactical Objectives: Emergency Scene Pririties fr the Incident Cmmander Directin/rders assigned t cmpanies, typically 1 t 3 at a time. Based n the abve Strategic Pririties/Objectives/Gals, but may include: - Lcate and cnfine the fire t the rm/building f rigin - Rescue (and/r evacuate) all ccupants frm the building - Establish water supply - Place a hseline int peratin n the - Evacuate all ccupants frm the neighbring buildings - Prvide medical treatment fr patients - Triage fr patients - Establish a treatment area - Establish a staging area - Keep the fire frm - Check fr extensin - Assess fr ventilatin needs - Cllect T-cards/Establish accuntability - Prvide ventilatin (hrizntal r ventilatins) - Secure utilities - Ladder the building - Prvide salvage - Establish rehab - Utilize a gated wye and bundles t - Establish SCBA bttle supprt cache Incident Objectives: These are the big picture bjectives yu use t manage yur incident; the typical incident may have anywhere frm 3 t 7 incident bjectives, being carried ut by the crews thrugh varius assignments. In additin t the abve Strategic Pririties/Objectives/Gals (RECEOVS): - Prvide fr the safety, accuntability and welfare f persnnel - Stabilize the patient - Keep the fire frm spreading t (lcatin, street, building, etc.) - Cnserve prperty - Secure (r cntrl) the perimeter - Create hazard znes - Establish cntrl znes - Identificatin f hazard/prblem/material - Secure ignitin surces - Establish decntaminatin prcess - Establish prtective actin ptins - Stabilize the incident and prvide fr life safety - Remve endangered ccupants and treat the injured - Cntain/cntrl the hazardus materials release - Identify and eliminate debris and fall hazards - Prviding infrmatin t media - Prviding supprt t n-scene persnnel (rehab, tls/equipment, SCBA bttle supprt, etc.) - Prvide shelter t displaced ccupants - Determine cause and rigin f prblem - Determine what caused the explsin - Secure the scene (prir t departure) - Ntify apprpriate ther agencies NOTE: The best way t describe incident bjectives is they are items beginning with actin verbs. Many f these are fund within ur Standard Operating Guidelines Steve Przibrwski & 4

5 Benchmarks t State n Radi: - On scene / reprt n cnditins - Cmmand established - Lcatin f cmmand pst - Strategic mde - Water supply (wh will establish) - 2 in/2 ut established (r nt established) - Utilities secured - RIC established (including lcatin) - Staging area lcatin - All clear (primary search) When Establishing a Divisin r Grup (r Branch/Unit, etc.): - Advise f wh will be in charge / their radi designatr - Advise them f their tactical bjectives - Advise them f their assigned resurces - Remind them t prvide a CAN (Cnditins/Actins/Needs) reprt as needed Ntificatins t Cnsider (if nt a part f respnse strings): - Cnfirm cre statins are cvered - Cnfirm all standard ntificatins are made and agencies/peple are cnfirmed t be respnding - PARs (as apprpriate) - Knckdwn - Under cntrl - Secndary search cmpleted - Cmmand terminated r transferred - Duty Chief ntified/updated - Utility cmpany (gas and/r electric) - Utility cmpany supervisr - On-call department persnnel t assist with incident management team respnsibilities - Fire Investigatr - Vlunteer r ff-duty paid persnnel - Statin mve-ups t cver must-fill statins in the district - Public Infrmatin Officer - Law enfrcement - Law enfrcement supervisr - Ambulance Supervisr - Ambulances - Mutual aid resurces nt nrmally dispatched (water tenders, statin cverage, etc.) - Mass Casualty Alert r Activatin? Alert (Lcal r Cuntywide) Activatin (If requesting an Activatin, dn t frget t prvide the fllwing infrmatin): Level f Activatin (1, 2, 3, 4 r 5) Number f patients requiring transprtatin Grund ambulance staging lcatin Safety r apprach instructins Request additinal units Transfer f Cmmand Briefing: - Incident Cnditins (Fire lcatin/extent; haz mat cnditins spill r release; # f patients, etc.) - IAP - Prgress tward cmpletin f the Tactical Objectives - Safety cnsideratins Steve Przibrwski & 5

6 - Deplyment and assignment f perating cmpanies and persnnel - Appraisal f need fr additinal resurces OR - What is the life hazard and what actins are being taken t address it? - What is the lcatin and extent f the fire (r hazard)? Is it extending? - What are the expsures? - What is the ccupancy? Type f cnstructin? - What is the lcatin f all n scene units and where have hselines been placed? - Are any additinal units needed? - Wh is the RIC and what is their lcatin? OR - What I have - What I have dne Incident Nw Under Cntrl/Pst Incident: - What I need - What I recmmend ding - Critical Incident Stress Debriefing needed (need may be determined at any time during incident)? - Start preparing a demb plan t get apparatus/persnnel back in service & t their statins. - Gather n scene fficers t determine an verhaul plan, in cnjunctin with the Duty Investigatr - Ensure cause and rigin prcess has been started and/r determined - Cmplete a tailbard sessin prir t departure - Ensure ccupants/invlved citizens are knwledgeable abut what we are ding, why we are ding what we are ding, and what they need t d while we are n scene and after we leave the scene - Prepare fr the Pst Incident Analysis - Obtain radi tape frm Cunty Cmmunicatins (autmatically generated n 2 nd alarms r greater) Typical ICS Organizatin Chart Psitins Filled Or Relevant Issues: STRUCTURE FIRE: - Incident Cmmander - Infrmatin Officer - Operatins Chief - Divisins: 1, 2, 3, etc. Subdivisin 1, 2, 3, etc. A, B, C, D (fr building/areas when lking frm abve) - Grups: Fire attack Ventilatin Expsure - Staging Area Manager - Water Supply Officer Rehab Patient Transprtatin Salvage Rescue Haz Mat Dcumentatin Resurce - Lgistics Chief RIC Rehab Structure prtectin Situatin Steve Przibrwski & 6

7 HIGH-RISE FIRE: - Incident Cmmander - Infrmatin Officer - Operatins Chief - Divisins: 1, 2, 3, etc. Subdivisin 1, 2, 3, etc. A, B, C, D (fr building/areas when lking frm abve) - Grups: Fire attack Ventilatin Patient Transprtatin Salvage Rescue - Lgistics Chief Rehab Haz Mat - Staging Area Manager - Base Manager - Water Supply Officer Rehab Lbby Systems Cntrl Grund Supprt Resurce Situatin High Rise Incident First Alarm Resurce Assignment Acrnym ALS BASE: A = Fire Attack/Investigatin S = Staging/Supply L = Lbby/Systems Cntrl Base = Incident Base NOTE: If smke/fire is present at a high-rise, upgrade t a 3 rd alarm, strngly cnsider a 4 th r 5 th alarm! WILDLAND FIRE: - Incident Cmmander - Infrmatin Officer - Operatins Chief - Branches: A, X (left flank/right flank fr wildland fires) Can be functinal r gegraphical - Divisins: A, X (left flank/right flank fr wildland fires) - Grups: RIC (may r may nt be a grup culd be a Unit) Rehab (may r may nt be a grup culd be a Unit) Structure defense - Staging Area Manager - Water Supply Officer Rehab Dcumentatin Grund Supprt HAZ MAT: - Lgistics Chief Resurce Situatin - Incident Cmmander - Divisins: 1, 2, 3, etc. Subdivisin 1, 2, 3, etc. - Infrmatin Officer - Operatins Chief - Lgistics Chief Steve Przibrwski & 7

8 A, B, C, D (fr buildings/areas when lking frm abve) A, X (left flank/right flank fr wildland fires) Interir - Grups: Fire attack Ventilatin Expsure - Staging Area Manager Rehab Entry Patient Transprtatin Rescue Evacuatin Site Access Cntrl Dcumentatin Decntaminatin Haz Mat RIC Rehab Resurce Situatin Typical Hierarchy Haz Mat: Assistant Safety Officer (Haz Mat) reprting t the Safety Officer/I.C. Haz Mat Grup Supervisr Entry Unit Leader Site Access Cntrl Unit Leader Safe Refuge Area Manager Decntaminatin Unit Leader Technical Specialists MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT: - Incident Cmmander - Infrmatin Officer - Operatins Chief - Lgistics Chief - Branches: Gegraphical r functinal - Divisins: A, B, C, D (fr buildings/areas when lking frm abve) - Grups: Fire Law Triage Treatment Site Access Cntrl - Managers: Staging Area Manager Treatment Dispatch Manager Immediate Treatment Area Manager - Other: Supply Crdinatr Cmmunicatins Crdinatr Patient Transprtatin Rescue Haz Mat Dcumentatin Resurce Rehab Delayed Treatment Area Manager Minr Treatment Area Manager Grund Ambulance Crdinatr Steve Przibrwski & 8

9 Typical Hierarchy Mass Casualty Incident: Medical Grup Supervisr - Triage Unit Leader Triage Persnnel Mrgue Manager - Medical Supply Crdinatr - Treatment Unit Leader Treatment Dispatch Manager Immediate Treatment Manager Delayed Treatment Manager Minr Treatment Area Manager Patient Transprtatin Grup Supervisr - Medical Cmmunicatins Crdinatr - Grund Ambulance Crdinatr Steve Przibrwski & 9