ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF A ROPEWAY INSTALLATION IN URBAN AREAS. Klaus Erharter
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1 ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF A ROPEWAY INSTALLATION IN URBAN AREAS Bozen/Bolzano 6-9 June 2017
2 Ecological footprint of a ropeway installation in urban areas
3 Index Index 1. Introduction 2. Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) - Methodology 3. System definition 4. Data sources and calculation model 5. System comparison 6. Conclusion Hong Kong 3
4 1. Introduction 1.1 Sustainable Development (SD) 4
5 1. Introduction 1.1 Sustainable Development Earth Summit 2002 Johannesburg declaration accordingly, we assume a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development Economic development, Social development and Environmental protection at the local, national and global levels. 5
6 1. Introduction 1.2 Three pillars model 6
7 1. Introduction 1.3 Lifecyle Assessment (LCA) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to ISO14044 & ISO14040 Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) according to ISO14025 European Lifecycle Database (ELCD) Product Environment Footprint (PEF) Energy Efficient Buildings (EeBGuide) Source: Wikipedia 7
8 2. Lifecyle Assessment (LCA) - Methodology 2.1 Ecological footprint a lifecycle analysis Operation Demolition, Recycling Erection Raw materials Transport (2) Semi-finished products Production Transport (1) 8
9 2. Lifecyle Assessment (LCA) - Methodology 2.2 LCA Set of unit processes within the product system Input Energy Raw materials Semi-finished products Output CO 2 emission Energy Transport (1) CO 2 emission Energy Production CO 2 emission Energy Transport (2) CO 2 emission Energy Operation CO 2 emission Energy Demolition CO 2 emission - Energy Recycling Waste recovery - CO 2 emission 9
10 3. System definition 3.1 System description Ropeway GD10 Yenimahalle, Ankara (Turkey) 75 m 1882 m 2300 m OpenStreetMap 10
11 3. System definition Utilization of the system: people per year per direction [ppypd] 35 years 1881,7 m 75 m 2400 pphpd kw 88 p 9 p Boarding area Drive unit Source: W. Kittler, TU Darmstadt,
12 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.1 Data sources 1 Mineralische Baustoffe 2 Dämmstoffe 3 Holz 4 Metalle 4.1 Stahl und Eisen Stahlbleche Feuerverzinktes Stahlblech Stahl Feinblech (0,3-3,0mm) Stahl Feinblech (20µm verzinkt) Stahl warmgewalzte Bleche (2-20mm) 5 Beschichtungen 6 Kunststoffe 7 Komponenten von Fenstern und Vorhangfassaden 8 Gebäudetechnik 9 Sonstige 12
13 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.1 Data sources 1 Mineralische Baustoffe 2 Dämmstoffe 3 Holz 4 Metalle 4.1 Stahl und Eisen Stahlbleche Feuerverzinktes Stahlblech Stahl Feinblech (0,3-3,0mm) Stahl Feinblech (20µm verzinkt) Stahl warmgewalzte Bleche (2-20mm) 5 Beschichtungen 6 Kunststoffe 7 Komponenten von Fenstern und Vorhangfassaden 8 Gebäudetechnik 9 Sonstige 13
14 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model a) Production - Demolition - Recycling of raw materials (steel sheet 2-20 mm) Weight data from bill of material Global Warming Potential: Example GGGGGG = mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm wwwwwwwwwww FFFFcctttttt GGGGGGssssssssss sssssssss GGGGGG = 42,76 kkkk ssssssssss sssssssss 0,7509 kkggcccc 2eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee kkkk = 32,11 kkkk CCCC 2 eeqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq 14
15 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model production of components b) Production of ropeway components Denomination Value Unit Data source Production hours Machining 1704 h Production hours Welding 3220 h Production hours Assembling 1738 h Production hours Others 1057 h Production planning El. power Machining 70 kw LEITNER El. power Welding 50 kw ropeways El. power Assembling 5 kw El. power Others 40 kw GWP calculated based on energy mix of production plants (Leitner plants ~100% renewable energy sources) 15
16 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model concrete works c) Erection of the ropeway Stufe Material Kurzbezeichnung Einheit Gewicht kg/x [Gesamtgewicht] kg INPUT Produkt Herstellung A1-A3 Produkt Produkt Beseitigung Recyclingpotential C4 D Produkt Bilanz A1-D 0 DRIVE-Station Beton + Bewehrung PERT 7.562,44 14,55-899, ,51 kwh Schalplan - Beton Massen 68,75 m³ 1 PERT 1.487,33 14,55-899,48 602,40 kwh 2 Beton C25/30 59,15m³ 1 59,15 m³ PERT 1.266,80 12,52-773,88 505,44 kwh 2 Beton C30/37 9,6m³ 1 9,60 m³ PERT 220,53 2,03-125,60 96,97 kwh Bewehrung Stationsfundament-Unterteil kg ,00 kg PERT 4.321, ,60 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D12 38kg 1 38,00 kg PERT 19, ,86 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D14 802kg 1 802,00 kg PERT 419, ,05 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D kg ,00 kg PERT 1.498, ,53 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D kg ,00 kg PERT 1.677, ,75 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D kg ,00 kg PERT 706, ,42 kwh Bewehrung Stationsfundament-Unterteil kg ,00 kg PERT 912, ,29 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D12 141kg 1 141,00 kg PERT 73, ,67 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D14 0kg 1 - kg PERT kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D16 331kg 1 331,00 kg PERT 172, ,95 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D20 78kg 1 78,00 kg PERT 40, ,76 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D kg ,00 kg PERT 624, ,91 kwh Bewehrung Stationsfundament-Oberteil 1610 kg ,00 kg PERT 841, ,23 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D12 195kg 1 195,00 kg PERT 101, ,89 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D14 362kg 1 362,00 kg PERT 189, ,15 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D16 111kg 1 111,00 kg PERT 58, ,00 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D20 333kg 1 333,00 kg PERT 173, ,99 kwh 2 Bewehrungsstahl D28 609kg 1 609,00 kg PERT 318, ,20 kwh Ergebnis-einheit Calculation of GWP using the same methodology as shown in 4.2 a) 16
17 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model operation of the ropeway Time of day Monday - Friday Diurnal vaiation Diurnal variation Nr. of passengers Utilization factor Energy consumption from to operation characteristics daily share in both directions [kwh] % 0,00% - 0% 0, % 0,00% - 0% 0, % 0,00% - 0% 0, % 0,00% - 0% 0, % 0,00% - 0% 0, % 0,00% - 0% 0, % 9,59% % 346, % 13,70% % 359, % 4,79% % 330, % 4,11% % 328, % 3,42% % 326, % 3,42% % 326, % 6,16% % 335, % 8,22% % 341, % 6,85% % 337, % 7,53% % 339, % 7,26% % 338, % 6,85% % 337, % 6,16% % 335, % 4,38% % 329, % 3,42% % 326, % 2,05% 294 6% 321, % 1,37% 196 4% 319, % 0,68% 98 2% 317,2 24 Sum 730% 100% %
18 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model energy mix Source: greenbiz.it 18
19 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model energy mix forecast Germany Energy mix forecast Germany Global Warming Potential [kg CO 2 equiv. / kwh] Reference year Energy mix (DE) Renewable energy mix(de) Source: BM für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur,
20 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.2 Calculation model operation of the ropeway d) Operation of the ropeway Calculation Global warming potential (year 2015) GGGGGG = eeeeeeeeeeee cccccccccccccccccccccc pp. yy. FFFFFFFFFFFF GGGGGG (eeeeeeeeeeee mmmmmm DDDD 2015) Example GGGGGG = kkkkk yy 0,549 kkkkcccc 2eeqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq kkkk = 1,153 MMMMMM. kkkkcccc 2eeqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq yy 20
21 4. Data sources and calculation model 4.3 Results 21
22 5. System comparison 5.1 Diesel Bus system Use of a study carried out by the Umweltbundesamt - Germany Average utilisation Bus system: 20%; Life time Bus system 10 years 22
23 5. System comparison 5.2 Example Yenimahalle energy mix forecast DE P = ppypd v = 5 m/s = 32,5%; 11,6 Mio. kg 23
24 5. System comparison 5.3 Example Yenimahalle energy mix forecast DE P = ppypd v = 5 m/s = 42,4%; 18,2 Mio. kg 24
25 5. System comparison 5.4 Example Yenimahalle energy mix forecast DE (length Bus line = 2x length Ropeway line) P = ppypd v = 5 m/s = 58,8%; 34,4 Mio. kg 25
26 5. System comparison 5.5 Example Yenimahalle energy mix Austria 2015 (0,231 kg CO 2 /kwh) P = ppypd v = 5 m/s = 54,3%; 19,4 Mio. kg 26
27 5. System comparison 5.6 Example Yenimahalle green electricity forecast DE P = ppypd v = 5 m/s = 84,4%; 30,2 Mio. kg 27
28 5. System comparison 5.7 Future scenario pure electromobility : Electromobility by battery powered busses Power generation by green electricity Hypothesis: reduction CO 2 emissions bus proportional to energy production ratio Source: Umweltbundesamt, Texte Nr. 96/2013 Electric tram (today) = 81 g CO 2 / km p Electric Bus (tomorrow) = 81 * (0,080/0,595) = 10,9 g CO 2 / km p Reduction CO 2 emissions of 86,5% 28
29 5. System comparison Example Yenimahalle pure electromobility P = ppypd v = 5 m/s approx. CO 2 - neutral 29
30 5. System comparison 5.9 General considerations 30
31 6. Conclusion 6.1 Value of a Lifecycle Assessment External Use: Basis for political decision makers Reduction of energy consumption and environmental footprint by optimized operation (= cost reduction!) International acceptance due to standardized method (ISO 14040) Internal Use: Marketing, Communication Discover energy saving potentials, Process optimization Design for Life Cycle, Push of Innovation Motivation collaborators 31
32 6. Conclusion 6.2 Sustainability social development 32
33 6. Conclusion 6.2 Sustainability social development 33
34 6. Conclusion 6.2 Sustainability social development 34
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