lei aus num Xog bxwvy[mojudw smyn iv`c hryk fgv AMdr mukwblw bhuq v`d igaw hy Aqy ies nwl b`icaw kolon mw-bwp diaw nk;k vi bhuq vd geiaw hn[ies

Transcription

1 lgwqwr Aqy smu`cw mulwkx-ie`k AiDAYn jykr QoVHy SbdW iv`c ikhw jwvy qw is`ikaw auh hy jo vrqmwn smwj iv`c rihmdy hoey mun`k diaw jrurqw puriaw krn Aqy sdivi jivn mu`lw di prwpqi lei aus num Xog bxwvy[mojudw smyn iv`c hryk fgv AMdr mukwblw bhuq v`d igaw hy Aqy ies nwl b`icaw kolon mw-bwp diaw nk;k vi bhuq vd geiaw hn[ies dw nqijw ieh inkilaw hy ik b`cy-b`ciaw dy idmwg qy Bwr ipaw hy Aqy auhnw AMdr icmqw Aqy AsMqoS vidaw hy[isìkaw prikraw dorwn AnMd dw jo Aihsws hoxw cwhidw hy, auh Aijhy Bwr, icmqw Aqy AsMqoS kwrn nhin ho irhw Aqy b`cyb`ciaw srirk Aqy mwnisk p`k qon kwpi d`by gey hn[ is`ikaw di rwstri niqi (National Policy of Education-1986) Aqy progrwm Aw`P AYkSn 1992 Anuswr isìkawrqi dy lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx qy zor id`qw igaw hy ijs num Apnwaux nwl skuli is`ikaw AMdr guxwqimkqw (Quality) di p`dr qy bhuq sudwr ho skdw hy[hryk p`dr di skuli isìkaw lei iqawr kiqw igaw NCF-2005 b`cy/b`ciaw dw lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx krn di niqi Apnwaux qy zor idmdw hy[ fj;/ ;zdog ftzu e/adoh ;oeko B/ nkonheb 21 (J/) 2002 ftzu ehsh 86 tha ;'X nb[;ko n?bhw?anoh f;zfynk gqkgsh B{z pzu/ dk w[zybk nfxeko dzf;nk j?. nkohnhhjh n?en 2009 d/ BzH 35, 2009 nb[;ko 6 s'a 14 ;kb dh T[wo d/ pzu/ bjh w[øs ns/ io{oh f;zfynk dk nfxeko d/d bjh fejk frnk j?. pzu/ dk fjj w"fbe nfxeko Gkos ;oeko d/ r N ftzu B{z gqekfôs ehsk frnk. fj; s'a fje edw j'o nzr// Gkos ;oeko d/ r N ftzu B{z B'N ehsk frnk fe fjj n?en izw{ ns/ eôwho B{z SZv e/ pkeh ;ko/ Gkos ftzu bkr{ j't/rk. fj; bjh nkohnhhjhh 2009 dh Xkok (clause) 29(1) ns/ 29(2) B{z bkr{ eobk nfs o{oh j?. lgwqwr mulwkx ki hy? 1

2 mulwkx rygulr Aqy lgwqwr humdw hy[ies qihq b`cy/b`ciaw di pury Akwdimk vryh di prwpqi di jwc humdi hy[ ieh jwc dovyn-is`kx Aqy iskwaux prikraw nwl juvi hoei hy[ ieh ivìdak Aqy sih-ivìdak Bwv dohw KyqrW iv`c humdi hy[ ies Anuswr is`kx dorwn rih geiaw qru`tiaw (Gaps) num pcwnx auprmq b`cy/b`ciaw dw lovindw aupcwr (Treatment) kr ky auhnw diaw is`kx kuslqwvw dw ivkws krnw hy[ ies dw mqlb AiDAwpkW num ividawrqiaw di kwrguzwri di prqisucnw (feed back) dyxw Aqy ividawrqiaw num svy-mulwkx krn dy moky dyxw hy[ smu`cw mulwkx ki hy? ieh b`cy/b`ciaw di ivìdak Kyqr Aqy sih-iv`idak Kyqr iv`c prwpqiaw di smùcy rup iv`c jwc hy[ ieh b`cy/b`ciaw dy igawn smbmdi, ivakqigq- smwijk Aqy mn rwhin smcwilq (Psycomotor) KyqrW iv`c ivkws di jwc humdi hy[ AijhI jwc ibmn ibmn aupkrn (Tools) Aqy qknikw rwhin kiqi jwdi hy[ ies rwhin b`cy/b`ciaw di bu`di, smj, igawn di vrqon, is`ky hoey smklpw num GoKxw, mulwkx krnw Aqy igawn dw inrmwx krn di suj num pr^xw hy[ rcnwqimk (Formative) mulwkx ki hy? ies mulwkx rwhin AiDAwpk b`cy di ibnw iksy fr dy (non threatening) Aqy aus dy sihxog nwl (child friendly) aus di jwc krdw hy Aqy ieh jwc swrw swl cldi hy[ ies dorwn b`cy di skul ivky Awaux qon pihlw dy is`ky hoey AnuBvW Aqy igawn num vi qv`jon id`qi jwdi hy[ ies nwl prqi sucnw (feed back) jldi imldi hy[ 2

3 b`icaw di kwrguzwri dw ivkws humdw hy Aqy ieh auhnw nzdo svymwx (self esteem) num prpu`lq krdi hy[ AiDAwpkW num prqisucnw dy AwDwr qy Awpxy iskwaux FMgW iv`c pirvrqn ilawaux dw mokw idmdi hy[ smuihk gqiivdiaw prpu`lq humdiaw hn[ gqshekoi (ijmmy lwieaw kmm) (assignments), prwjykt, pryktikl, jmwq dw kmm, zubwni w[bked Awid rcnwqimk mulwkx diaw ku`j audwhrnw hn[ smkilq (Summative) mulwkx ki hy? kors dw ku`j ih`sw pvhw ky ie`k im`qy smyn qon bwad zubwni/ilkqi w[bked smkilq mulwkx hy[aijhw mulwkx ies g`l dw incov k`fdw hy ik ividawrqi ny fwze/ ;w/a d"okb kors dw ikmnw ih`sw grihx kr ilaw hy[ieh mulwkx isrp srtiipkyt dyx dy audys nwl kiqw jwdw hy[ ies nwl is`ikawrqi dy smpurn ivkws num nhin jwicaw jw skdw[ AijhI mulwkx prikraw kwrn b`cy/b`ciaw Aqy auhnw nwl sbmdq smuh ivakqiaw AMdr icmqw Aqy qnwe pydw humdw hy[ ies kwrn ^qrnwk rujwn Bry mukwbly dw vwqwvrn pydw humdw hy[ ies nwl isrp r`tw prxwli dw ivkws hi humdw hy[ sihivid`ak mulwkx (Co-Scholastic Assessment) sihivìdak w[bked AijhI jwc hy ijs dy qihq jivn jwc diaw kuslqwvw, vqiry muqwbk ie`cq ivvhwr, ruciaw, ftneshrs ns/ ;wkfie mu`lw, pwt-krm shwiek gqiivdiaw, srirk ns/ wkbf;e f;js Awid di jwc kiqi jwdi hy [ Lgwqwr smu`cy mulwkx nwl smbmidq pirbwsk SbdwvlI:- ivìdak (Scholastic):- Aijhy p`k (aspects) joik bu`di jw idmwg nwl sbmd r`kdy hn[ies dw mqlb isìkawrqi di pwtkrm qihq 3

4 inrdwrq ivisaw, prqikwrj (assignments), jmwq dw kmm, Gr dw kmm, prwjykt, pryktikl, zubwni tyst Awid qon hy[ sih-ividak (Co- Scholastic):- Aijhy p`k ijnwh dw sbmd h`qin kmm krn Aqy idl-idmwg nwl humdw hy[iehnw ikrawvw iv`c srirk ivkws,jivnjwc sbmdi kuslqwvw,idrstikox,jivn mu`lw,ruciaw Aqy sihiv`idak gqiivdiaw iv`c Bwg lyx nwl humdw hy[ igawn smbmdi (Cognitive):- smu`cy rup iv`c ivsw vsqu num smjx Aqy aus bwry puri smj bxw lyx di mwnisk prikraw hy[ ivcwr smbmdi (Affective):- ieh Kyqr BwvnwvW Aqy idrstikox (attitude) nwl smbmidq hy[ mn rwhin smcwilq (Psychomotor):- ies Kyqr dw mqlb mwspysiaw Aqy mnoivigawn dy AwpsI qwlmyl nwl hy[ lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx diaw ivsysqwvw (Salient Features of CCE) lgwqwr Aqy smu`cw mulwkx ie`k prikraw hy[ ies qrwh dw mulwkx isrp ilkqi w[bked jh nhin humdw sgon ieh b`cy/b`ciaw vlon is`ky jw rhy hryk p`k ns/ ehsh ik ojh jo/e rshftxh dw mulwkx humdw hy[ ies prikraw num Apxw ky b`cy/ b`ciaw diaw iv`idaw dy Kyqr nwl smbmidq Aqy ies Kyqr lei shwiek gqiivdiaw dw smpurn rup iv`c jwiezw ilaw jwdw hy[ ieh mulwkx dy ies p`k num aujwgr krdw hy ik is`kx Aqy iskwaux prikrawvw ie`k dujy qy AwDwirq hn[ ies dw mksd ies num is`kx iskwaux prikraw dw ie`k AMqrMg(Internal) ih`sw bnwauxw hy ikaunik ies ivdi num Apxw ky is`kx vyly rih geiaw qru`tiaw (Gaps) num puiraw jw skdw hy Aqy b`cy-b`ciaw num lovindy p`dr qy ilawieaw jw skdw hy[ ies dw ticw b`cy/b`ciaw dy ivakiqqv dy smu`cy ivkws num prkxw hy[ 4

5 AiDAwpkW num auhnw dy pvhwaux dy FMg Aqy b`cy/b`ciaw num auhnw di is`kx prikraw prqi scyq krnw hy[ smu`cy mulwkx dw mqlb b`cy/b`ciaw diaw is`ikaw Aqy is`ikaw-shwiek gqiivdiaw dw lgwqwr mulwkx hy[is`ikaw smbmdi gqiivdiaw iv`c mu`k ivisaw di jwc Aqy isìkaw-shwiek gqiivdiaw iv`c jivn kuslqwvw (Life Skills), ie`cq ivvhwr, jivn mu`lw (Values) di smj, isìkaw shwiek gqiivdiaw iv`c prwpqi, igawn smbmdi mwnisk p`dr, auhnw diaw BwvnwvW, prqiikrawvw Aqy mn rwhin smcwilq (Psychomotor) ikrawvw di jwc Swml hy[ lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx dy audys ies dw audys b`cy/b`ciaw di socx SkqI num prkxw hy nw ik auhnw dy r`tw lwaux di SkqI num prkxw hy[ lgwqwr smu`cy mulwkx di ivdi rwhin ieh pqw lgwieaw jw skdw hy ik b`icaw num aumr dy ihswb nwl jo ku`j T[jBK B{z pqw hoxw cwhidw hy, ki scmu`c hi auh ieh is`k rhy hn? auhnw di rcnwqimk, Alocnwqimk Aqy ivslysnwqimk soc num vdwauxw hy[ auhnw diaw prwpqiaw di lgwqwr prk krnw hy Aqy rih geiaw kmiaw num dur krn lei auhnw di mdd krnw hy[ auhnw diaw igawn sbmdi, mn rwhin smcwilq ikrawvw Aqy prbwvswli ikrawvw-prqiikrawvw dw ivkws krn iv`c shwieqw krnw hy[ is`kx qy iskwaux prikraw num b`cy/b`ciaw qy kyndrq krnw, aus num AYktIivtI ADwirq bxwaundy hoey AnMddwiek bnwauxw hy[ b`cy/b`ciaw dy mn iv`con priikaw dw fr dur krnw hy Aqy auhnw num ivcwrsil, sujvwn Aqy prgqisil nwgirk bnwauxw hy[ b`cy/b`ciaw di p`dr q`k v`kry qor qy jw ky auhnw num ivsw-vsqu nwl jovnw hy[ 5

6 mulwkx dy dovyn p`kw num nwl ly ky c`lxw hy[ skul AwDwirq mulwkx skul AMdr AiDAwpk rwhin kiqw jwx vwlw b`cy/b`ciaw dw mulwkx iksy vi is`ikaw sbmdi prikraw dw mh`qvpurn p`k hy[ ieh iksy borf vlon lei jwx vwli priikaw nhin humdi ikaunik borf di priikaw vwsqy prsn p`qr bx ky skulw iv`c AwauNdy hn[ ieh prsn p`qr iksy vi sqwnk zrurq num swhmxy r`k ky nhin bxwey jwdy sgon pury rwj lei ie`ko qrhw dy humdy hn[ ividawrqiaw di jwqi ruci iehnw di Xojnw iv`c nhin humdi[ b`cy/b`ciaw di is`kx smr`qw Aqy is`kx prikraw dy ivkws dw mulwkx suinximq FMgW nwl hi smbv hy Aqy ieh FMg jmwq iv`c pvhwaundy vkq iksy smyn ieh mulwkx soc smj ky kiqw humdw hy qy iksy smyn ieh subwivk hi humdw hy ikaunik mulwkx di prikraw rwhin b`cy dy igawn smbmdi qy igawn prwpqi iv`c shwiek ikrawvw prqi smj iek`ti krnw Aqy auhnw dw ivslysn krn auprmq auhnw di ivawikaw krnw hy[ ivslysx Aqy ivawikaw krn auprmq jo incov swhmxy AwauNdw hyy, aus num mu`k r`k ky AiDAwpk b`icaw di is`kx prikraw Aqy smj dy ivkws lei Aglyry Xqn krdw hy[ Aijhy Aglyry Xqn kei qrhw diaw qknikw Aqy aupkrn (Tools) vrq ky kiqy jwdy hn[ ie`qy ieh kihxw ivarq nhin hovygw ik tyst okjha w[bked ilky hoey dy ADwr qy AMk dyx dw ie`k swdn hy, jdonik inrikx (Observation) qon ie`k ivcwr imldw hy, b`cy/b`ci dy kwr ivhwr bwry ie`k prbwv bxdw hy[ Aijhy prmwx iek`ty krn qon bwad auhnw dw ivslysx kiqw jwdw hy, auhnw di ieh jwnx lei ivawikaw kiqi jwdi hy ik bìcaw ny ikmnw ku`j is`k ilaw hy Aqy auhnw dy ie`cq ivvhwr iv`c ikmnw vwdw hoieaw hy[ AijhI ivawikaw qon bwad AiDAwpk b`cy dy ivkws/ivvhwr bwry ku`j inrny ly skx dy Xog humdw hy ik aus ny ikmnw kuj is`k ilaw hy qy auh AwpxI smj num fe; jd sze ibawn kr skdw hy[ ies lei mulwkx AiDAwpk rwhin b`cy/b`ci bwry inrnw lyx di ie`k prikraw hy Aqy ies prikraw dw mksd b`cy/b`ciaw num vdyry 6

7 cmgi kwrguzwri lei iqawr krnw hy[ nqijy ti'qa ies rwhin is`ikaw dy Kyqr iv`c guxwqimk pirvrqn smbv ho skdw hy[ skul AMdr kiqy jwx vwly mulwkx dy audys:- m`uk rup iv`c AiDAwpk qy jh fbogo humdw hy ikaunik aus ny hi inrnw krnw humdw hy ik b`cy dw mulwkx, ikaun, iks ciz dw, kdon qy ikvyn krnw hy[ ie`k ivcwrsil AiDAwpk b`icaw dy nqijy qon prwpq sucnw num b`icaw dy Aglyry ivkws ihq AwpxI iskwaux prikraw AMdr sudwr krn lei vrqdw hy[ ieh mulwkx b`cy dy isìkaw qy mnoivigawn dy Kyqr qy kyndrq hy Aqy aus dy kei KyqrW iv`c prwpqiaw dw mulwkx hy[ ieh b`cy/b`ci dy srvp`ki ivkws iv`c shwiek hy[ ies nwl skul AMdr qy skul qon bwhr vi is`kx prikraw dw ivkws humdw hy[ ies nwl AiDAwpk num b`cy/b`ciaw di kwrguzwri bwry qurmq pqw l`g jwdw hy ik: auh ki is`kdy/smjdy hn? auhnw diaw is`kx-skqiaw qy is`kx iv`c ki kmzoriaw hn? auh ikvyn is`kdy hn? b`cy/b`ciaw ki socdy hn? auh ki mihsus krdy hn? auhnw diaw ruciaw ki hn? ies nwl b`cy/b`ciaw di smwijk, Bwvnwqimk, srirk Aqy b`udi smbmdi ivkws KyqrW bwry pqw l`gdw hy ikaunik ieh swry prspr smbmidq hn 7

8 Aqy iehnw dw iksy qrhw vi ie`k dujy qon v`k krky mulwkx nhin ehsk jw skdw[ skul AMdr mulwkx di ivvsqw num idrvh bnwaux di zrurq:- hux q`k ieho pwieaw igaw hy ik borf dy iemiqhwn hi swry qrhw dy mulwkx qy hwvi rhy hn[ AijhI priikaw/ mulwkx diaw kei KwmIAW hn[ ijvyn: ies nwl b`cy/b`ciaw dy kyvl Akwdimk p`k dw hi mulwkx humdw hy[ pws jw &yl dw isdwq ividawrqiaw AMdr inrwsw pydw krdw hy qy ievyn ieh Axmnu`KI hy[ bwhri mulwkx krqw kei FMg diaw glqiaw krdy hn[ ies nwl b`cy/b`ci di is`kx guxv`qw dw ivkws nhin humdw[ bwhri mulwkx lei isr& ie`ko qrhw di qknik hi vrqi jwdi hy[ b`cy/b`ciaw lei ieh vwdu boj dw kwrn swbq humdw hy[ ies nwl r`tw lwaux di pribrqi num auqswh imldw hy[ iehnw kmiaw dy m`dynzr skul AMdr hi mulwkx prikraw num auqswihq kiqw jwxw cwhidw hy[ ies nwl AiDAwpk di vi mulwkx krn di kuslqw v`ddi hy qy aus lei inrdwirq mwpdmfw qy auh Krw auqrdw hy[ lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx iv`c AiDAwpk di BUimkw lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx dorwn AiDAwpk ie`k shwiek di BUimkw inbwaundw hy[auh ieh smjx lgdw hy ik ividawrqi kori slyt jw KwlI brqn nhin hn ijnwh num sucnwvw Aqy igawn dy dy ky Brnw hy Aqy ieh sucnwvw Aqy igawn isrp skul AMdr hi id`qw jw skdw hy[ AiDAwpk ieh vi smjx lgdw hy ik ividawrqi skul Awaux smyn Awpxy nwl kuj AnuBv/ igawn ly ky AwauNdy hn Aqy auhnw dy iehnw AnuBvW / igawn num hi AwDwr mmn ky A`gy kuj iskwieaw jwxw cwhidw hy[ 8

9 ikaunik hryk b`cw/b`ci Awpxy FMg Aqy AwpxI cwl nwl is`kdy hn Aqy Awpxy igawn dw inrmwx Kud krdy hn, ies lei AiDAwpk num ieh swrw ku`j smjdy hoey is`ikaw prikraw dorwn b`cy di shwieqw krni cwhidi hy[ b`icaw dw lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx krn lei AiDAwpkW dw smvydnsil hoxw bhuq zruri hy[ Aijhw mulwkx krdy smyn zrurq qon ibnw b`icaw dy swhmxy nw AwieAw jwvy[ ieh vi ivcwiraw jw skdw hy ik qsvirw mulwkx dy dujy aupkrn dy purk ikvyn bx ;edhnk hn? bwad iv`c vi kdy qsvirw dw iesqymwl krky b`cy Kud Awpxy Aqy Awpxy kiqy kmm bwry crcw kr skdy hn[ b`cy/b`ciaw diaw skwrwqmk ikirawvw smbmdi prqisucnw (feed back) zrur idau qw jo hor ibhqr krn lei auhnw di mdd kiqi jw sky Aqy ibhqri nwl kiqiaw jw rhiaw ikrawvw dw smu`cw mulwkx ho sky[ AiDAwpk rwhin insicq smyn iv`c (hr jøs/) inrmqrqw num AwDwr bxwaundy hoey b`icaw nwl smbmidq hr qrhw dy irkwrf dw mulwkx krnw cwhidw hy[ ies nwl auhnw dy ivakiqqv Aqy hor pihluaw dw mulwkx vi smbv hovygw[ gryf dyx dy nwl nwl b`cy/b`ci dy is`kx dy qriky bwry guxwqimk it`pxi zrur idau Aqy jmwq iv`c aus dy vdiaw kmmw di audwhrn zrur idau[ hryk b``cy nwl ausdy kmm bwry g`l zrur kro[ ies vkq ausdy hwv Bwv not kro[ ausdi siqqi bwry ausdy mwqw-ipqw nwl vi crcw kiqi jwxi cwhidi hy ikaunik ieh vi lgwqwr mulwkx dw hi ih`sw hy[ lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx krdy smyn ies g`l dw Kws idawn rìkaw jwvy ik b`icaw qy iksy prkwr dw Q`pw ijvyn mmd bu`di, inkmmw, nwlwiek Awid nw l`gy[ Aijhy Q`py lwaux nwl AiDAwpk di AwpxI soc dw p`dr vi sb dy swhmxy AwauNdw hy[ 9

10 hryk b`cy/b`ci dy is`kx dy qriky, ausdi gqi Aqy au`qr dyx di SYlI num mh`qv id`qw jwvy[ Aijhw krdy smyn AiDAwpk di Awpxy kmm prqi ruci Aqy kuslqw JlkdI hy[ mulwkx Aqy prqi sucnw dy smyn qkniki SbdwvlI dw prxog kiqw jw skdw hy[ srl Aqy sp`st BwSw iv`c prqi sucnw id`qi jwvy jo ik b`cy num hw p`ki idsw v`l pryirq krn iv`c mdd kry Aqy auhnw dy lgwqwr smu`cy mulwkx iv`c shwei is`d hovy[ jykr auprokq pihluaw num fmugwei nwl soc ky mulwkx lei iehnw di lgwqwrqw num kwiem r`ikaw jwdw hy qw ies iv`c koei S`k nhin ik b`cw/b`ci dy smu`cy ivkws dw smu`cw mulwkx hovygw hi[ AiDAwpk ibmn ibmn ivisaw nwl smbmidq kuslqwvw di jwc krn ihq hyt ilky Anuswr kmm krky Awpxy ivsy qy b`cy/b`ciaw di pkv mzbuq kr skdy hn:- BwSw diaw prmu`k kuslqwvw:- BwSw diaw prmu`k kuslqwvw hn: -suxn di kuslqw, -bolx di kuslqw, -pvhn di kuslqw, -sux ky ilkx di kuslqw, -ilkx di gqi Awid[ iehnw kuslqwvw dw A`goN hor briki nwl Byd vi kiqw jwxw humdw hy[ijvyn: -pu`cy gey prsnw num smj nwl suxnw, -a`ucwirq DunI iv`c Byd krnw, -id`qy gey ivsy qy bolxw, -vwkw dw shi inrmwx krdy hoey bolxw, -ic`qrw Awid dw vrnx krdy hoey svy dw prgtwvw, 10

11 -kivqw-khwxi Awid sunwauxw, -pwt-pusqkw qon ielwvw hor sm`gri (khwxi di ikqwb, kivqw di ikqwb, AKbwr, rswlw Awid) pvhn iv`c ruci, -sw&, sp`st Aqy sumdr ilkwei; -p`qr, lyk qy khwxi Awid ilkx di smr`qw hy[ -BwSw diaw kuslqwvw dw prwiemri Aqy A`pr-pRwiemrI p`dr qy v`k v`k gqiivdiaw rwhin mulwkx ho skdw hy[ gixq,ivigawn,smwijk ivigawn diaw vi bhuq swriaw kuslqwvw hn[ijvyn: -pwt smbmdi moikk Aqy ilkqi kmm, -prwjykt iqawr krnw, -smuihk crcw ivc Bwg lyxw, -shwiek sm`gri dw AiDAYn, -is`ky hoey ivsy num rozwnw jivn iv`c aupxog krnw Awid[iehnW kuslqwvw num grihx krn di lgwqwrqw iv`c mulwkx kiqw jwxw cwhidw hy[ w[bked ;w/a fxnkb ozyd :'r B[es/L- fjj w[bked fbysh ns/ [pkbh d't/a soqk dk j't/rk. wjhb/ ftzu xzn' xzn fjze tko fbysh w[bked ftôk nfxnkge io{o eo/rk. fjj fbysh w[bked wjhb/ d/ nzs ftzu j't/rk. g/go th nfxnkge nkg jh pdkj/rk. fjj w[bked 20 BzpoK ftzu'a j't/rk s/ w[bked dh ntxh ftôk tko ns/ ghohnv tko j't/rh. b`cy/b`ciaw dw lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx ikaun, ikhvi g`l dw, kdon qy ikvyn kiqw jwxw cwhidw hy Aqy Aijhy mulwkx rwhin prwpq sucnwvw dw aupxog ikvyn krnw cwhidw hy?-ies bwry jwxnw bhuq mh`qqw r`kdw hy[ 11

12 AiDAwpkW num b`cy/b`ciaw AMdr mojud ibmnqwvw num pcwnxw Aqy ies s`c num svikwr krnw cwhidw hy ik auh is`kx iskwaux prikraw dorwn A`f-A`f FMgW nwl prqiikraw krdy Aqy smjdy hn[ ijvyn kloz tyst iv`c khwxi dy prsn bnwaux num vyikaw jw skdw hy[ (nrb/ gzfbnk s/) b`cy ijhvy vi AnuBv skul iv`c dwkl hox smyn nwl ly ky AwauNdy hn jw imfl jmwqw q`k phumcdy phumcdy hor AnuBv grihx krdy hn, auhnw dy auhnw AnuBvW num AglyrI is`kx-iskwaux prikraw dw AwDwr bnwauxw zruri hy[ ijvyn ihswb iv`c 2/3, 4/7 Awid dw smklp jw hvw ivcliaw gysw dy imsrx bwry AglyrI jwxkwri[ ftôk tko w[bked eod/ ;w/a nfxnkge j/m fby/ B[efsnK s/ fxnkb e/ados eod/ j'j/ rq/v d/dr/l- 1H e'fôô (Effort)L- frnkb gqkgsh ns/ ftneshst d/ ftek; bjh ftfdnkoehnk tb'a ehsh ikdh e'fôô (for attaning knowledge and personality development) 2H brbl- ftô/ pko/ ikdekoh jk;b eob bjh ftfdnkoehnk tb'a fdykjh ikdh brb (Sincerity) 3H nfgftnesh (Expression)L- (Bshi/ sze g{oh soqk gj[zu) e'fôô (Effort)L- fj; B[es/ dk w[bked eod/ ;w/a nfxnkge pzu/$pzuhnk d/ j/m fby/ :sbk dk w[bked eod/ j'j/ rq/v d/dr/l 1. rup rykw iqawr krnw (To Outline)L- fit/afe nfxnkge pzu/ B{z BKt (Noun) dk gqôb fj; d/ G/dK ;w/s jb eob bjh efjzdk j? sk pzu/ d/ f jb ftzu j/m fby/ nb[;ko o{g o/yk pd ikdh j?l 12

13 Any Mind Map 2H Xwd krnw (To Recall)L- nfxnkge g[zsdk j?l 8 x 3 =? pzuk = 8 x 2 = 16 8 x 3 = 24 3H cox krni (To Choose/Select)L- t;s{fbôm gqôbk d/ T[Zso d/dk. ;jh$rbsl pj[s/ T[ZsoK ftzu'a fjze ;jh T[Zso u[dbkl ykbh EktK GoBhnK nkfd. 4H duhrwauxw (To revise)l- nfxnkge tb'a dz;/ ftô/ B{z fjzb fpzb d[jok d/dk. 5H dubwrw ilkxw (To Rewrite)L- gqôb dk T[Zso ;[DB s'a pknd d[pkok fbydk ik nfxnkge dh ejh j'jh fe;/ th rzb B{z ;[DB s'a pknd fbydk. 6H pu`cxw (To Ask)L- i/eo e[zm ;wm Bk gt/ sk T[; pko/ d[pkok g[zsdk. f;oc T[Zso jh BK d/dk ;r'a ;tkb th g[zsdk. 7H Anusrn krnw (To Follow)L- nfxnkge okjha ehsh gkm$gqôb dh ftnkfynk B{z ;wmdk s/ T[; nb[;ko ôpdk$gqki?en d/ o{g ftzu T[; B{z fpnkb eobk. 8H ih`sw lyxw (To Participate)L- iwks ftzu$;e{b ftzu eotkjhnk ikdhnk rshftxhnk ftzu fjz;k b?dk. 9H suxnw (To Listen)L- nfxnkge$jwiwkshnk tb'a dz;/ ikd/ ftukok B{z fxnkb Bkb ;[DBk. 13

14 10H qulnw krnw (To compare)l- pzu/$pzuh dk nkgd/ gfjb/ T[Zso dk d{i/ T[Zso Bkb, nkgdh fbys dk d{i/ ftfdnkoeh dh fbys Bkb ik nkgd/ T[Zso dk d{i/ ftfdnkoeh d/ T[Zso Bkb s[bbk eobk j' ;edk j?. brbl- brb ftzu nfxnkge fjj B[es/ ftukobr/ L 1H hwzri (Attendance)L- pzuk$pzuh fezb/ fdb ;e{b ftzu$jo ghohnv ftzu jk o ofjzdk j?. 2H smyn di pwbmdi (Punctuality)L- ;w/a f;o ;e{b ftzu$jo ghohnv ftzu T[; dh gj[zu. 3H spwei (Cleanliness)L- o' BjkT[Dk, dzd ;kø eob/, ;kø ezgv/ gkt[dk, Bj[z ezndk nkfd. 4H AnuSwsn (Discipline)L- ;e{b tb'a fboxkfos fb:wk dh gkbdk. 5H Bwg lyxw (Participation)L- ;e{b tb'a eotkjhnk ikdhnk rshftxhnk ftzu Gkr b?dk. 6H eimwndwri (Honesty)L- ezw ns/ fttjko ftzu JhwkBdkoh. 7H prsn pu`cxw (Questioning)L- gvqkj/ ik oj/ ftô/ pko/ nfgnk; s'a pkjo/ j'o gqôb g[zsdk. 8H s`cwei (Truthfulness)L- ukj/ e'jh ezw rbs th ehsk j't/, c/o th ;Zu ;Zu dz; d/dk. 9H AwpxIAW KwmIAW dur krn lei lgn (Zeal to overcome own shortcomings) 10H audwhrn prsquq krnw (To give examples)l- nkgdh rzb B{z ft;eko d/d bjh Y[ZethnK T[dkjoBK d/dk. 14

15 nfgftnesh (Expression)L- nfgftnesh bjh j/m fby/ B[es/ yk; s"o s/ fxnkb ftzu ozyd/ j'dr/ L 1H smj r`kxw (To comprehend)l- dz;h j'jh rzb d/ Gkt noe B{z ;wm e/ o' kbk ihtb ftzu fj;s/wkb eobk. 2H bdlxw (To convert)l- pdbt/a Yzr-sohfenK Bkb ;jh itkp$fbôeoô s/ gj[zudk. 3H Prk smjxw (To distinguish)l- tzy-tzy ftfônk d/ tzy-tzy ;zebgk ftzu coe dh ;wm. 4H vrnx krnw (To explain)l- sze B{z ft;eko d/dk. 5H is`tw k`fxw (To infer)l- gqôb$;tkb B{z ;N?Zg nb[;ko jb eod/ j'j/ Bshi/ s/ gj[zudk. 6H prmwixq krnw (To demonstrate)l- gq:'r okjha f;zx eobk. 7H auicq is`d krnw (To justify)l- nkgd/ fdzs/ T[Zso B{z ;jh j'd pko/ T[dkjoBK d/ e/ dz;dk. 8H pusti krnw (To support)l- d{i/ ftfdnkoehnk d/ fdzs/ T[Zso B{z ;jh dz;d bjh T[;dk ;woeb eobk. 9H prwpq sucnw dw prxog (To use information practically)l- f;zyh j'jh rzb dk o' kbk ihtb ftzu gq:'r. 10H kmm purw krnw (To complete)l- fdzsk j'fjnk ezw jo soqk Bkb g{ok eobk. 11H ivisaw dw smbmd sqwipq krnw (To integrate)l- tzy-tzy ftfônk d/ frnkb$szek B{z fje-d{i/ ftô/ Bkb i'vbk. auprokq ibmduaw sbmdi ku`j pryktikl audwhrnw 15

16 T[go'es nb[;ko e'fôô, brb ns// ngftnesh d/ fpzd{nk sfjs nfxnkge ftfdnoeh dh ekor[ koh dk w[bked tzy tzy ftfônk ftzu j/m fby/ nb[;ko eo ;ed/ jbl gixq prwiemri p`dr qy AMk ikirawvw (Number Operations) ividawrqiaw AMdr svwlw num hl krn di Xogqw dw ivkws krn iv`c shwiek is`d ho skdy hn[ividawrqiaw di AMk ikirawvw bwry smj dw mulwkx krn lei auhnw nmu koei nw koei gqiivdi krn lei id`qi jwvy[gqiivdi krn ;w/a dorwn hi b`cyb`ciaw gixqk igawn dw prgtwvw kr skdy hn Aqy iesy dorwn hi ieh vi pqw lgdw hy ik auhnw AMdr siqqi Anuswr svwl h`l krn di Xogqw num prkx ihq AiDAwpk b`cy/b`ciaw num hyt ilky FMgW nwl svwl h`l krn lei kih skdw hy: -svwl num mnon-mnin suljwe pr jykr b`cw/b`ci ies num ilk ky h`l krnw cwhumdy hn qw auhnw num Aijhw krn id`qw jwxw cwhidw hy[ -ie`qy AiDAwpk ieh dyky ik auh svwl num ikvyn smjdy hn Aqy aus num ikvyn h`l krdy hn[ hytw ie`k audwhrn id`qi gei hy ijs di shwieqw nwl AiDAwpk b`cy/b`ciaw di smklp (Concept) prqi smj dw mulwkx kr skdw hy: AiDAwpk:- soni kol Cy py`nislw hn[ aus dy mwqw ih ny aus num ku`j hor py``nislw id`qiaw[ hux soni kol qyrw pỳnislw ho geiaw[ d`s, aus dy mwqw ih ny aus num ikmniaw py`nislw id`qiaw? b`cw/b`ci:- (kùj smw socx qon bwad) 7 pyǹislw[ AiDAwpk:- quhwnum ieh ikvyn pqw l`gw? b`cw/b`ci:- dyko, soni kol Cy py`nislw sn[(awpxy K`by h`q diaw aunglw dy Cy poty idkwaundi hy[ iehnw ivc ku`j hor py``nislw juv geiaw[s`jy h`q nwl Cy qon 16

17 A`gy qyrw q`k igxdi hy[qyrw q`k igxn qon bwad auh Cy qon A`gy igxdi hy Aqy jvwb idmdi hy ik soni di mwqw ny aus num s`q py`nislw id`qiaw[ ies qrwh aus kol 13 py`nislw ho geiaw[) b`ci dw ies qrwh jvwb dyxw ies g`l dw prmwx hy ik b`cy/ b`ci num AigAwq smikawvw di smj hy[ ies lei auh mnon-mnin jov krn di siqqi iv`c hy[ies qon A`gy AiDAwpk ieh jwnx lei iqawr ho skdw hy ik ki b`cw/b`ci ies smklp num ilk ky prgt kr skdw hy? AiDAwpk:- hytliaw iebwrqw b`cy/b`ciaw num idkwaundw hy qy pu`cdw hy ik au`pr id`qy aùqr Anuswr ikhvi shi hy: a: 6+7=---? A: =13 b`cw/b`ci:- (A) shi hy[ ivcwr-vtwdrw:- hux AiDAwpk num puri qrwh pqw l`g igaw hy ik jykr b`cy/b`ci num gixqk smkyqw iv`c vi svwl pu`icaw jwvy qw auh ies dw au`qr dy skdw/skdi hy[ A`pr prwiemri p`dr qy: crn-1 sb qon pihlw AiDAwpk ividawrqiaw num gol roti dy do brwbr ih`sy (ic`qr Anuswr) krky d`sygw ik hryk ih`sw ie`k dw A`Dw ih`sw hy Bwv ½ hy[ (ienhw sty`ps muqwbk ic`qr mwifaul iv`c C`pxgy[) iesy gol roti dy ic`qr iv`c drswey Anuswr iqmny brwbr Bwg krn qy hryk ih`sw pury dw 1/3 vw Bwg hovygw[ (ienhw sty`ps muqwbk ic`qr mwifaul iv`c C`pxgy[) 17

18 jy iesy gol roti dy brwbr (ic`qr Anuswr) cwr ih`sy kriey qw hryk ih`sw pury dw ¼ ih`sw hovygw[ (ienhw sty`ps muqwbk ic`qr mwifaul iv`c C`pxgy[) hux AiDAwpk ieh d`sygw ik : 2/3 dw Bwv do dw qijw ih`sw 3/5 dw Bwv iqmn dw pmjvw ih`sw 3/7 dw Bwv iqmn dw s`qvw ih`sw iemny pg c`lx qon bwad jdon AiDAwpk ividawrqi A`gy ibmn 5/7 ilk ky ies di ivawikaw krn lei khygw qw ividawrqi ieh kihx iv`c sm`rq hovygw ik ieh 5 dw 7vW ih`sw hy[ AiDAwpk Awpxy qor qy hor ibmnw ilk ky iesy ivsy di pirp`kqw prk skdw hy[ ikiraw: v v.v.v v.v.v.v.v b.v.v auprokq ikiraw iv`c AiDAwpk ividawrqiaw num vrg bwksw (7x5=35) iv`c ie`k vrg num smqri krky d`sxgy ik ieh 1/35 hy, iesy qrwh do vrg kwly krky d`sx gy ik ieh Bwg 2/35 hy,ipr Cy vrg (ic`qr Anuswr) hlky nily krky d`sxgy ik ieh 6/35 hy[auprmq AiDAwpk iqmn Bwg guvyh nily krky ividawrqiaw nuum pu`cxgy ik ieh iks smikaw/ ibmn num drswvygw? smbv hy ik ividawrqi ic`qr dyk ky ieh kihx iv`c smr`q hox ik ieh 3/35 hy[ies nwl AiDAwpk ieh mulwkx kr skx iv`c kwmxwb ho skygw ik b`cy/b`ciaw 18

19 rozwnw jivn iv`c ih`isaw dy rup ivc vwprn vwliaw GtnwvW num ibmnw dy rup ivc pvh skdy/ skdiaw hn[ ivigawn: ivigawn dy ivisaw prqi b`cy/b`ciaw di smj dw aumrvrg dy ihswb nwl hyt ilky di qrhw mulwkx kiqw jw skdw hy[audwhrn lei dyikaw jw skdw hy: smklp: hvw Aqy ies di zrurq (ies smklp num aumr vrg dy Anuswr smjx- smjwaux di ikiraw kiqi jw skdi hy) ies smklp rwhin AiDAwpk ieh jwnx di koiss krygw ik b`cy/b`ciaw ikmni aumr iv`c ikmny qrwh dw smklp ikmni hd q`k grihx krdy hn[ auhnw di aumr num idawn iv`c r`kdy hoey ies smklp di qih q`k phumcx Aqy nwl nwl hi b`icaw dw mulwkx krn lei AiDAwpk hyt ilky Anuswr prikraw A^iqAwr kr skdy hn: AiDAwpk:- swfy cwry pwsy ki hy? b`cy/b`ciaw:- fysk, kursi, myz, dr^q, qusin, bwlw, rwxi, kmd, ikvki AiDAwpk:- nhin nhin.koei ieho ijhi ciz bwry d`so jo hy qw shi pr idkwei nhin idmdi[ ie`k b`cw:- KuSbU duji b`ci:- bdbu bwki b`cy-b`ciaw:- swh prsn dw nyvlw koei jvwb nw imldw dyk ky kih skdw hy- ki quhwfy swiraw dy n`k iv`con hvw bwhr inkldi mihsus nhin ho rhi? (au`ci Awvwz iv`c): swfy swiraw dy ierd igrd hvw hy[ b`cy-b`ciaw = hw ji[ AiDAwpk:- A`j AsIN kuj gqiivdi krwgy ijs qon swnum pqw l`gygw ik hvw Aqy ies dy blx iv`c ki irsqw hy? hvw blx iv`c ikvyn shwieqw krdi hy? 19

20 (AiDAwpk b`icaw num ie`k gqiivdi krky idkwvygw[ AiDAwpk momb`qi bwl ky aus au`pr glws r`kygw qy khygw: AiDAwpk:- jldi hoei momb`qi QoVy icr bwad ikaun b`uj gei? ie`k b`cw:- ikaun ik ieh glws num Coh gei si[ dujw b`cw:- kwlk krky bu`j gei[ (AiDAwpk dujy b`icaw num jvwb dyx lei auqswihq krygw[) ie`k b`ci:- myn svyry stov jlwaux lei qili k`fi pr auh jl nhin si rhi[audon mwqw ji ny ikhw ik ieh is`li ho gei hy[ AiDAwpk ie`k kdm hor A`gy gqiivdi krni jwri r`k skdw hy[ausny k`c dy do hor jwr swhmxy r`kdy hoey iqmn momb`qiaw bwlygw[ ie`k momb`qi au`pr sb qon Cotw jwr,ie`k au`pr aus qon QoVw v`fw jwr qy qisri au`pr sb qon v`fw jwr mudw krky r`k dyvygw[ AiDAwpk:- sb qon pihlw ikhvy jwr dy hytw vwli momb`qi buji Aqy sb qon bwad iv`c sb qon v`fy jwr vwli momb`qi buji ikaunik Coty jwr iv`c momb`qi jldi bujdi hy[ j[d s[;ha dz;' fe ieh ikaun hoieaw? jwr iv`c hvw hy n? ies bwry soc ky d`so[ ie`k hor b`cw:- pr hvw iv`c qw momb`qi buj jwdi hy[ ie`qy AiDAwpk mihsus kr skdw hy ik ieh smklp b`icaw di aumr dy ihswb nwl AOKw hy, ies lei auhnw dy smklp di Tosqw dy AwDwr qy mulwkx krnw AOKw hy[ aumr Aqy smj dy AwDwr qy b`icaw rwhin hytw id`qy kuj au`qr d`sdy hn ik b`cy hvw bwry s`cmu`c ki jwxdy hn? duji-qisri jmwq dy b`cy isr& AYnw ku hi jwxdy ho skdy hn ik jdon p`kw c`ldw hy jw p`qy ih`ldy hn qw hvw AwauNdI hy[ ies kmry iv`c p`kw nhin c`l irhw qw hvw nhin hy[ 20

21 coqi jmwq dw b`cw kih skdw hy ik dr`kq, buty hvw idmdy hn[ hvw iehnw dy AMdroN inkldi hy---- hvw ikvkiaw rwhin AMdr AwauNdI hy[ CyvIN jmwq dw b`cw kihmdw hy ik ikaunik hvw hr pwsy humdi hy, ies lei hvw ies K`ulyH glws iv`c vi vv gei hovygi----- jdon hvw ie`k jghw jmhw humdi hy qw BwrI l`gdi hy vrnw &Ylx qy Bwr dw pqw nhin l`gdw[ b`cy/b`ci dy CyvIN jmwq q`k AwauNdy-AwauNdy AiDAwpk ieh mihsus krdw hy ik ie`qy Aw ky b`cw/b`ci hvw bwry QoVHw TIk smjx l`gy hn, jdon auh kihmdy hn ik---- "ikaunik hvw hr pwsy humdi hy, ies lei ies Ku`lyH glws iv`c vi vv gei hovygi[" ie`qy AiDAwpk i&r ieh prxog kr skdw hy:- ie`qy momb`qiaw dy ic`qr vwlw prxog hy, mwifaul iv`c puri qrhw C`p ky swhmxy Aw jwvygw[ ies prxog dy jvwb iv`c b`cy incov k`f skdy hn ik hvw nweitrozn, AwksIjn, jlvwsp, DUVkxW Awid dw imsrx hy[ iksy vi ciz num blx lei hvw zruri cwhidi hy[ Coty jwr iv`c ieh momb`qi ies lei jldi buji ikaunik ies iv`c hvw G`t si[ aus qon v`fy jwr iv`c QoVHI ijhi hvw izawdw si, ies 21

22 krky ieh AMdrlI momb`qi bwad iv`c buji[sb qon v`fy jwr iv`c hvw sb qon izawdw si, ies lei aus di momb`qi sb qon bwad iv`c buji[ b`cy dy Aijhy au`qr dy AwDwr qy AiDAwpk num ieh pqw l`g jwvygw ik b`cw puri qrhw jwx igaw hy ik blx lei hvw zruri hy[ ies qrhw auprokq smklp dy m`dynzr AiDAwpk ividawrqiaw di smj dw mulwkx krdw cilaw jwvygw[ smwijk ivigawn ikaunik ividawrqiaw dw auicq mulwkx pvhn-pvhwaux di prikiraw dw AinKVvW AMg hy[ies lei A`pr prwiemri p`dr qy ividawrqiaw num smwijk is`ikaw dw ivsw ies FMg nwl pvhwieaw jwxw cwhidw hy ik ividawrqi ies ivsy num rock, qnwa mukq Aqy igawn vrd`k FMg nwl pvh sky Aqy ausnum Awpxy coigrdy nwl jov (Corelate) sky [ nwl hi ies ivsy dy igawn num Awpxy Biv`K iv`c Awaux vwliaw lovw Aqy cuxoqiaw lei vrq sky[ ieslei ieh lwzmi ho jwdw hy ik mulwkx krn di purv prcilq ivdi Bwv ilkqi jwc rwhin hi ividawrqi di Xogqw num mwpx num AwDwr nw mmn ilaw jwvy[ mulwkx iv`c ividawrqi dw sucnw/igawn num pys krn dw FMg, ausdi klpnwsilqw Aqy ausdi jwxkwri num ArQ-pUrn FMg nwl vrqn di Xogqw num vi jwc ilaw jwvy qw jo b`cy/b`ci dy p`dr/jmwq/aumr gu`t Anuswr aus di smu`ci Xogqw di jwc ho sky[ ies ivsy num rock FMg nwl pvhwaux diaw kuj ivdiaw hyt ilky Ansuwr hn: 1. is`kx di ivdi bwry jwxkwri (Bwv AsIN ikvyn is`kdy hw) 2. purv jwxkwri num gqisil krnw[ 3. iml-jul ky is`kxw 4. jwc krn di ivdi iskwauxw (ijs iv`c prsn pu`cxw, AWkiVAW dy ArQ smjxy Awid (like Production data, Climate data etc.) 5. sm`isaw invwrn ivdi (Problem Solving) 22

23 6. Kyqr iv`c jw ky sucnwvw iek`tiaw (Community based Information) 7. qsvirw Aqy grw& Awid di BwSw num smjxw[ 8. smdrb pusqkw (Reference Books) Aqy sroqw dw iesqymwl krnw Aqy is`kxw[ 9. ivcwr crcw krnw (Class/Group discussion/debate) 10. swg rcwauxw (Role Play) Aqy khwxi ivdi dw iesqymwl krnw Aid[ jmwq iv`c iksy vi pwt num au`pr sujweiaw ivdiaw nwl pvhwaux Aqy b`cyb`ciaw num iehnw dy ADwr qy mulwkx krn lei AiDAwpk num kuj pvwa inrdwirq krn di zrurq hovygi[ ieh pvwa hyt Anuswr ho skdy hn: 1. smklp dw pircy (Introduction) 2. zubwni w[bked (Oral Evaluation) 3. ilkqi w[bked (Written Evaluation) 4. prwjykt/iv`idak tur ikirawvw (Project/Trips/Activity) 5. ivcwr crcw (Discussion) ies swri ivcwr crcw dy snmuk b`cy-b`ci dy lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx lei hyt ilky ieiqhwsk smklp dy smdrb iv`c dyikaw jw skdw hy: smklp: prwcin ieiqhws dw AiDAYn-sRoq sty`p-1:- jwx-pcwx pwt nwl jovn di ikraw (Activating Previous Knowledge) pwt SurU krn qon pihlw purv igawn num gqisil bnwauxw hovygw[ ieslei AiDAwpk pihlw bìcaw kolon auhnw di aumr pu`cy[ auhnw di aumr qon ipcly smyn diaw GtnwvW Awid bwry pu`cy ik auhnw bwry auhnw num ik`qon pqw l`gw[ ijvyn: quhwfy dwdw ji dw nw ki hy? quhwfy pvdwdw ji dw nw ki hy? 23

24 quhwfy pvdwdw ji dy gux ki sn, auh ikho ijhy sn, aunhw di rihxi bihxi ikho ijhi si, Kwx-pIx ikho ijhw si, auhnw dw kmm kwj ki si? (b`cy-b`ciaw Awpo-Awpxy purikaw bwry ijmnw ku`j jwxdy hoxgy, humm humw ky d`sxgy ijs qon AiDAwpk ieh prk skx iv`c kwmxwb ho skygw ik b`cy ieiqhws dy SbdI smklp v`l ruicq ho rhy hn[) ies qon hor Agly pvwa v`l vdx lei AiDAwpk hyt ilky Anuswr prsn pùc skdw hy: prsn: qusin ki pvhdy ho? smbwivq au`qr: ikqwbw prsn: ikqwbw ki hn? au`qr: ijhvi ciz kwgz qy ilki hoei hy, auhi ikqwb hy[ prsn: ku`j purwxiaw ikqwbw dy nw d`so? au`qr:?????? prsn: gurdvwry iv`c ki pivhaw jwdw hy? smbwivq au`qr: sri guru grmq swihb ji/bwxi prsn: mmidr iv`c ki pivhaw jwdw hy? smbwivq au`qr: rmwiex/giqw/bwgvd/awrqi prsn: purwxy smyn num jwnx dy swihqk sroq ki hn? au`qr:?????? AiDAwpk ieh jwc krygw ik iek`lw-iek`lw ividawrqi ikmni auqsukqw Aqy idawn nwl pwt iv`c Swiml ho irhw hy[ ikaunik b`cw gqkfjwoh gzxo qon ie`kdm A`pr prwiemri gzxo qy AwieAw hy[ ieslei AiDAwpk lei zruri hovygw ik auh ausnum ieiqhws dy m`ufly smklp nwl jovy[ ies smklp nwl jovn lei auh hyt ilkiaw gqiivdiaw kr skdw hy: sty`p-2: smklpw bwry spstqw ivdi: ibrki fwieawgrwm (Tree diagram) 24

25 purwxy smyn bwry jwxkwri purv ieiqhws (AqIq dw auh smw ijsdy ilkqi vyrvy auplbd nhin hn) ieiqhws (AqIq diaw GtnwvW dw ilkqi vyrvw) jwxn dy sroq (purwq`qv sroq) swihiqk sroq purwq`qv sroq gyr ilkqi sroq 1. Dwrimk grmq: 1. is`ky 1. jiv AwSm (Fossils) 2. ivdysi XwqrIAW 2. vsqw 2. smwrk dy ivrqwq 3. gihxy 3. islwlyk 3. jivni/svyjivni 4. brqn 4. is`ky 4. mhw kwv 5. AOzwr 5. KudweI dorwn imly AvSyS/vsqUAW: 5. kivqwvw 6. murqiaw gihxy 6. hor ivisaw dy ilky grmq ijvyn kotilaw sil dw ArQ Swsqr brqn KMfr AOzwr murqiaw sty`p-3: moikk w[bked (Oral Evaluation) prsn: ieiqhws ki hy? au`qr: AqIq dhnk GtnwvW dw ilkqi vyrvw[ prsn: AqIq di ilkqi jwxkwri kox idmdw hy? au`qr: ieiqhwskwr 25

26 prsn: purv ieiqhws ki hy? au`qr: auh smw ijsdy ilkqi vyrvy nhin imldy[ prsn: purv ieiqhws bwry AsIN ikhvy sroqw rwhin jwxdy hw? au`qr: purwq`qv sroq/kudwei dorwn imliaw vsquaw Awid[ prsn: purwq`qv sroqw dw AiDAYn krn vwly num ki ikhw jwdw hy? au`qr: purwq`qv ivigawni[ prsn: ku`j purwq`qv sroqw dy nw d`so? (iesy qrwh AiDAwpk ku`j hor prsn vi pu`c skdw hy ijhnw dy smbwivq au`qr ivivawrqi aùpr d`sy ibrki cwrt(tree Diagram) dy AwDwr qy dyxgy) prsn: swhiqk sroq ki humdy hn? prsn: ku`j swihiqk sroqw dy nw d`so? prsn: islwlyk ki humdy hn? prsn: mhwbwrq iks qrw dw sroq hy? (auprmq AiDAwpk iesy ivsy nwl smbmdq ilkqi w[bked eodk j'fjnk ividawrqiaw dw smu`cw mulwkx kr skdw hy[) sty`p-4: ilkqi o{g ftzu w[bked prsn: hyt ilky SbdW iv`con d`so ik ieh iks sroq nwl sbmdq hn? mhwbwrq, rmwiex, kurwn, purwn, vyd, brwhmx grmq, kwlidws dy nwtk, ArQSwsqr, cwdi dy is`ky, purwxy AMozwr, BWfy, islwlyk, ieiqhwskwr, purwq`qv ivigawni, purv ieiqhws, ieiqhws swihqk sroq purwq`qv sroq psn: smwrkw ki humdiaw hn? au`qr: KMfhr Awid smwrkw humdiaw hn 26

27 prsn: islwlyk ki humdy hn? au`qr:kmdw, c`twnw, KMiBAW Awid qy jo ku`j ilikaw hoieaw humdw hy, aus num islwlyk ikhw jwdw hy[ prsn: is`ky iks bwry jwxkwri idmdy hn? au`qr: is`ky swnum rwijaw mhwrwijaw bwry d`sdy hn[ prsn: KwlI QwvW vwly prsn: 1. mnusmirqi grmq hy[ (Dwrimk, AwriQk) 2. ArQSwsqr grmq hy[ (Dwrimk, AwriQk) 3. ASok ny Awpxy smdys qy Kudvwey[ (islwlyk, p`qy) 4. swci dw squp ie`k hy[ (islwlyk, smwrk) 5. purwq`qv ivigawn dw AiDAYn krdw hy[ (purwq`qv sroq, swihqk sroq) (ie`qy AiDAwpk lei idawn r`kx vwli ieh g`l hovy gi ik ikqwbi SbdW iv`c au`qrw dy ;jh-öbs di prmwixkqw num q`qw dy AwDwr qy qw jwicaw jwvy pr sbdw Anuswr nhin[ ho skdw hy, b`cw smwrkw di QW qy KMfhr, iklw, purwxwgr Aid Sbd iesqymwl kr lvy[ jwc qw iehi kiqi jwxi cwhidi hy ik ividawrqi num q`q bwry igawn hy jo ik ilkqi au`qr qon ielwvw hor gqiivdiaw (jo vi AiDAwpk krvwvygw) rwhin purn rup iv`c sp`st ho jwvygw[ SbdW di stikqw dy nw hox num ividawrqi di q`q bwry AigAwnqw nhin smj lyxw cwhidw[ ies qrhw krn nwl AsIN b`cy-b`ciaw dyy lgwqwr mulwkx di lvi num qov dyvwgy[) sty`p-5: prwjykt/ikiraw (Project/Activity) (Community based Information) ies sty`p qy AiDAwpk auprokq ibrki cwrt rwhin d`si jwxkwri dy AwDwr qy v`k v`k sroqw di SRyxI vmf bwry hyt ilky Anuswr ividawrqiaw di smj dw lgwqwr Aqy smu`cw mulwkx kr skdw hy: 27

28 sroqw di SRyxI vmf(classification of Sources) swihqk purv ieiqhwsk Dwrimk smwijk ivigawn smwrk is`ky brqn k`pvy SRI guru ipmf dw AMgryzW mor, qoqy grmq drvwjw dy smyn dy dw swihb is`ky ic`qr, bwg prwjykt(project):- ivsy sbmdi igawn di sp`stqw krn lei Aqy ausnum A`j dy pirvys nwl jovn lei AiDAwpk ividawrqiaw num inmn qrhw dy ivakqigq/swmuihk projykt krn lei dyvygw[ ies nwl ividawrqiaw iv`c gq/yd krn di Xogqw Aqy ivcwrw num prgt krn di smr`qw (ilkqi/nwtk/role play) Awid dw ivkws hovygw jo ik ividawrqiaw iv`c Awqm ivsvws Aqy s`c di Bwl iv`c shwei hovygw[smwijk is`ikaw dy AiDAwpk lei ies dy AwDwr qy b`cy/b`ci di SKsIAq dw mulwkx Aqy ivsy prqi ausdi ruci dw ieh ie`k vdiaw mwidam hy[ ivakqigq gqiivdiaw dykiaw/pvhiaw/l`biaw vsquaw di suci smuh diaw gqiivdiaw Awps iv`c ivcwr crcw krni iqawr krni vsquaw dw smgrih Aqy auhnw num duijaw num idkwauxw skryp bu`k iqawr krni ilkqi KyqrI (field) irport iqawr krni svwg rcwauxw 28

29 jmwq iv`c Ajwieb Gr (Museum) is`ikaw Awid di tryismg krni nwtk krnw iqawr krnw iv`idak tur ie`qy AiDAwwpk ividawrqiaw di ikiraw krdy hoey is`kxw (learning by doing) di kuslqw (competency) di jwc krygw[ ausdi klpnw SkqI, q`qw/vsquaw, bwry b`cy di ivìdak Aqy sondrj smbmdi ruci (Cognitive and Aesthetic sense) ieiqhwsk cizw, ivrsy di swb smbwl di pribrqi dw ivkws Aqy ieiqhwsk vsquaw prqi ausdi mlkiaq di Bwvnw, s`ibawcwr prqi smvydnsilqw Awid di jwc krygw[ sty`p-6: gru`p crcw id`qy hoey ivsy qy grùp crcw iv`c Bwg ly rhy ividawrqiaw dw hyt ilky nukiqaw dy AwDwr qy lgwqwr Aqy smu`cw mulwkx kiqw jw skdw hy: 1. hwvbwv [ 2. q`qw bwry prykx [ 3. khwxi rwhin q`qw dw ibawn[ 4. swqiaw kolon prsn pu`cxw[ 5. gru`p crcw iv`c sihpwtiaw nwl sihxog[ ies qrwh auprokq smklp num idawn iv`c r`kdw hoieaw Aqy aus smbmdi gqiivdiaw krvwaundw hoieaw nwl nwl b`cy/b`ci dw lgwqwr Aqy smu`cw mulwkx krdw jwvygw[ BwSw: BwSw diaw cwr m`uk kuslqwvw dw lgwqwr mulwkx prwiemri Aqy A`pr-pRwiemrI p`dr qy kei gqiivdiaw rwhin BlI BWq kiqw jw skdw hy[ prwiemri p`dr qy ic`qr di shwieqw nwl b`cy-b`ciaw num khwxi bnwaux lei ikhw jw skdw hy[ 29

30 ieh vi zruri nhin ik BwSw smbmdi hr ie`k kuslqw dw mulwkx krn lei Al`g-Al`g gqiivdiaw krvweiaw jwx[ ie`k AijhI gqiivdi vi cuxi jw skdi hy ijs di shwieqw nwl smuh kuslqwvw dw mulwkx krnw smbv j't/[ audwhrn dy qor qy ic`qr pvhnw: (hytly prsnw muqwbk ie`qy ic`qr hy) ic`qr dyk ky jmwq 1 qon 3 q`k dy ividawrqiaw lei kùj CotIAW-CotIAW qy sokiaw gqiivdiaw rwhin is`kx iskwaux dy nwl-nwl mulwkx di prikraw num mzydwr bxwieaw jw skdw hy[ ijvyn: ic`qr ivcly psu pmciaw dy nwvw di pihcwn kox ki kr irhw hy? kox iks nwl ki bol irhw hy? kox ik`qy rihmdw hy? il`kx di SurUAwq [ A`pr prwiemri p`dr qy sukm tyst (Close Test) id`qw jw skdw hy[ ies tyst num bvy soky FMg nwl rozwnw AwDwr qy iqawr krky b`cy/b`ciaw dw lgwqwr mulwkx kiqw jw skdw hy[ audwhrn dy qor qy sukm tyst dw ie`k nmunw dyko: "jdon ku`j smw lmg igaw qw XuiDStr ny nkul ByijAw[ nkul ny qlwa dy kmfy jw ky dyikaw ik sihdyv byhos ipaw hy[ aus ny qlwa qon pwxi ly ky aus dy mumh qy ic`ty mwrn bwry soicaw[ ijaun hi auh pwxi lyx lei qlwa v`l igaw, ie`k Awvwz AweI[ "myry svwlw dy jvwb dyx qon ibnw qum pwxi nhin ly skdw[ qyrw auhi hwl hovygw jo qyry Brw dw hoieaw hy[" nkul num au`qy koei vi nzr nw AwieAw[ nkul ny ikhw, "pihlw pwxi pi ky ipaws bujw lvw, i&r qyry nwl 30

31 is`j lvwgw[" ieh kihmidaw ijaun hi nkul ny pwxi Brn lei h`q vdwieaw, auh au`qy hi if`g ipaw[" ies pyryh dy AwDwr qy hyt ilky di qrhw gqiivdiaw bxweiaw jw skdiaw hn: 1. gqiivdi-1 KwlI QwvW BrnIAW: jdon ku`j 1. lmg igaw qw ny num ByijAw[ nkul ny dy kmfy jw ky ik byhos ipaw hy[ ausny qlwa qon ly ky dy qy ic`ty bwry soicaw[ ijaun hi pwxi lyx lei v`l igaw, ie`k AweI[ myry dy au`qr dyx qon ibnw qmu nhin ly skdw[ qyrw vi auhi hwl hovygw jo qyry dw hoieaw hy[ nkul num au`qy koei vi nw AwieAw[ nkul ny ikhw, "pihlw pi ky bujw lvw, &yr qyry nwl lvwgw[" ieh ijaun hi nkul ny pwxi lei h`q vdwieaw, auh au`qy hi ipaw[ gqiivdi-2 prsn bnwauxw id`qy gey pwt (pyry) dy AwDwr qy AiDAwpk b`cy/b`ciaw num prsn bnwaux lei khygw[ b`cy hyt ilky di qrhw prsn bxw skdy hn: 1. XuiDStr ny iks num qlwa qy ByijAw? 2. nkul num iks ny qlwa qy ByijAw? 3. byhos kox ipaw hoieaw si? 4. ieh iks ny ikhw ik myry svwlw dy jvwb dyx qon ibnw qum pwxi nhin ly skdw? 5. iks dy Brw dw burw hwl hoieaw si? 6. pwxi pix lei h`q iks ny vdwieaw? gqiivdi-3: isrlyk il`kxw ies pwt (pyry) dy prsn hyt ilky muqwbk bxw skdy hn: 31

32 1. ipawsw nkul 2. XuiDStr qy nkul-do Brw 3. qlwa dw kmfw 4. byhos sihdyv 5. ie`k Awvwz gqiivdi-4: ivawkrn smbmdi gqiivdi 1. ies pyry iv`c Awey nwv cuxn lei ikhw jw skdw hy[ b`cy smbwivq rup iv`c hyt ilky Anuswr nw cux skdy hn: 1. XuiDStr 2. nkul 3. qlwa 4. kmfw 5. sihdyv 6. pwxi 7. mumh 8. ic`ty 9. Awvwz 10. svwl Awid 2. pyyry iv`c Awey ie`k vcni/bhuvcni Sbd cux ky auhnw dy ie`k vcn/bhu vcn bnwaux lei ikhw jw skdw hy[ ijs dy Anuswr b`cy/b`ciaw hyt ilky Anuswr kmm kr skdy hn: 1. qlwa 2. kmfy 3. aus ny 4. mumh 5. ic`ty 6. Awvwz 7. svwlw 8. jvwb 9. Brw 10. pwxi ies qrhw moky Anuswr hor gqiivdiaw vi krvweiaw jw skdiaw hn[ ijvyn: mmn lau ihmdi di pwt pusqk iv`c koei Aijhw pwt hy ijs iv`c smwcwr Sbd AwieAw hy[ Sbd inrmwx di kuslqw num auqswihq krn Aqy ies kuslqw dw mulwkx krn lei hytw Anuswr ie`k ikiraw krvwei jw skdi hy: ihndi ki ikrxw XhW icz hy[ ies qrwh iehnw gqiivdiaw sbmdi ividawrqiaw v`lon id`qy au`qrw pko/ AiDAwpk auhnw nwl crcw krky BwSw diaw smuh kuslqwvw dw lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx kr skdy hn[ gqiivdiaw dy lwb:- 32

33 Aijhw krn nwl smuh b`cy-b`ciaw num auhnw dy gux Aqy ruciaw dy ivkws iv`c mdd imldi hy[auh Kud igawn dw inrmwx krdy hn[ievyn auhnw num ivsvws nwl jivn dy hr s`c dw twkrw krn lei iqawr kiqw jw skdw hy[ lgwqwr smu`cy mulwkx di ivdi rwhin ieh pqw lgwieaw jw skdw hy ik b`icaw num aumr dy ihswb nwl jo kuj pqw hoxw cwhidw hy, ki scmùc hi auh ieh is`k rhy hn? jykr Aijhw hy qw auh s`cmuc RTE Act, 2009 diaw DwrwvW qy Kry auqr rhy hn Aqy AiDAwpk vi ies AYkt muqwbk d`si gei AwpxI ifauti puri soqk inbw rhy hn[ ies nwl auhnw diaw A`f-A`f KyqrW ijvyn KyfW, s`ibawcwrk gqiivdiaw Awid iv`c prwpqiaw bwry vi pqw l`gdw hy[ isr& ilkqi w[bked ;w/a v`d nmbr ly ky A`gy rihx vwly b`icaw dw smu`cw ivkws jwc lyxw smbv nhin hy[ ilkqi w[bked dy nwl-nwl bwki p`kw ijvyn ik au`pr dìsaw igaw hy, di jwc vi lwzmi hy[ ilkqi w[bked ;w/a G`t AMk prwpq krn vwly b`cy/b`ciaw pko/ iksy vi qrhw ieh nhin ikhw jw skdw ik auhnw num G`t smj hy jw auh p`cvy hoey hn[ ilkqi w[bked ;w/a v`d AMk prwpq krnw r`ty dw nqijw vi ho skdw hy[ Aijhy mulwkx rwhin isr& iehi pqw l`gdw hy ik b`cy/b`ciaw num ki nhin pqw bjwey ies dy ik auh ki kuj jwxdy hn Aqy ki ku`j Aqy ikmnw kuj kr skdy hn[ audwhrn dy qor qy, ic`qr dy AwDwr qy khwxi ilkxw: lwlci ku`qw ie`qy ic`qr hy[ 33

34 lgwqwr Aqy smu`cy mulwkx smyn idawn r`kx Xog kuj g`lw:- AiDAwpk Awpxy mn iv`c Dwr ky nw c`ly ik ijnhw SbdW di vrqon ausny pvhwaux vyly kiqi hy, b`cw/b`ci auhnw hi SbdW num augl ky jvwb dyvy[ AiDAwpkW num pqw hoxw cwhidw hy ik prwiemri p`dr qy b`cy subwivk qor qy Kyf hi Kyf iv`c, imfl qy hwei Awid jmwqw dy b`cy kei FMg diaw gqiivdiaw/kyf-kojbin/prwjykt Awid krky jw sihpwtiaw nwl ivcwr crcw krdy hoey vi is`kdy hn Aqy ies qrhw di isklwei dw prgtwvw auh Awpxy SbdW rwhin vi kr skdy hn[ ijvyn jykr b`icaw num ivigawn ivsy nwl smbmidq skul AMdr pwey jwx vwly pyv-poidaw diaw prjwqiaw dw ivigawnk nmunw idkwieaw jwvy sk ;zgt j? fe T[j fjjbk pko/ d/;h ôpdktbh dk gq:'r th eob. b`icaw di is`kx cwl ie`ko idsw iv`c nhin humdi[ ieh Gumwvdwr humdi hy[ auh pihlw is`ky hoey nukiqaw qy dubwrw p`ujdy hn, ijs nwl auhnw di smj ibhqr humdi hy[ 34

35 is`kx dorwn b`cy bhuq swriaw glqiaw vi krdy hn[ ieh auhnw di is`kx prikraw dw zruri AMg hn[ölqiaw krky hi auh vdyry Aqy cmgi qrhw is`kdy hn[ AijhIAW ölqiaw num lgwqwr smu`cy mulwkx dw AwDwr nhin bxw lyxw cwhidw[ Aijhw mulwkx krdy smyn auhnw diaw ivakqigq Aqy ivsys zrurqw num pcwixaw jwxw cwhidw hy, auhnw num k`uj vi prwpq kr skx Aqy purnqw di Bwvnw dy ivkws lei auqswihq krnw cwhidw hy[ kwrgr qriikaw nwl pvhwaux auprmq lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx krdy smyn mulwkx prqi auhnw dy ivakqigq BYA num dur krky auhnw dy is`kx Aqy ivkws iv`c mdd krnw Aiq zruri hy ikaunik priikaw kwrn aupijaw BYA b`cy/b`ciaw dy smùcy ivkws iv`c rovw AtkwauNdw hy[ lgwqwr smu`cy mulwkx lei jmwq ikho ijhi hovy? Aijhy mulwkx lei jmwq b`icaw qy kyndrq hoxi cwhidi hy ikaunik AijhI jmwq AMdr AiDAwpk auhnw lei AijhIAW is`kx siqqiaw pydw krdy hn ij`qy auhnw num dykx-prkx, AnuBv prwpq krn Aqy A`f- A`f DwrnwvW prqi AwpxI smj bnwaux dy moky imldy hn[ AijhI jmwq AMdr b`cy/b`ciaw ivakqi dy qor qy kmm krdy hn, smuh iv`c crcw krdy hn Aqy Awpxy AnuBv ie`k dujy nwl swjy krdy hn[ auhnw AMdr sihxog di Bwvnw dw ivkws humdw hy Aqy auh ie`k dujy dy ivcwrw dw Awdr krnw is`kdy hn[ ies jmwq iv`c AiDAwpk isr& ie`k shwiek (facilitator) dw kmm krdw hy[ iks bwry mulwkx kiqw jwxw cwhidw hy? ikaunik is`ikaw b`cy/b`ci dy smu`cy ivkws nwl juvi hoei hy Bwv srirk, smwijk, Bwvnwqimk Aqy bu`di dw ivkws[ ies lei isr& Akwdimk pihlu dw hi nhin sgon swry pihluaw Bwv pwt krm Aqy pwt-krm shwiek gqiivdiaw 35

36 smbmdi pihluaw dw mulwkx krnw zruri hy[ fj; bjh fjj d't/a soqk dhnk e[ôbsktk ftzfdne ns/ ;fjftfdne - dk w[bked j't/rk fi; bjh nfxnkge d' soqk d/ y/sok (Domains) B{z fxnkb ftzu ozy/rkl 1) ftukokswe y/so (Affective Domains) 2) feqnkswe y/so (Psychomotor Domains) fjjbk d't/a y/sok sfjs j/m fbyhnk ftô/ôsktk s/ yk; s"o s/ ftukfonk ikt/rkl 1) toe n?e;ghohn?a; (Work Experience) 2) nkon ns/ eqkcn (Art and Craft) 3) ;zrhs ns/ fbqs (Music and Dance) 4) ;kfjfse ns/ feqnkswe e[ôbsktk (Literary and creative skills) 5) ftfrnkbe e[ôbsktk (Scientific skills) 6) y/vk (Sports) 7) :'rk (Yoga) 8) pkrtkbh (Gardening) ebk, toe n?e;ghohn?a;, f;js ns/ ;ohoe f;zfynk fij/ ftô/ pzu/$pzuh d/ ;otgzyh ftek; bjh nfs o{oh jb. fj; bjh fjjbk ftfônk dk w[bked T[jBK dh j";bk ncikjh ns/ T[jBK B{z gq/fos eob bjh ehsk ikt/. toe n?e;ghohn?a; ftzu eb/n wkvfbzr, ckbs{ uhik s'a Nh n?bhn?wh fsnko eobk, pkrpkbh, iwks d/ ewo/ dh ;iktn nkfd bj/ ik ;ed/ jb. ;kfjfse e[ôbsktk ftzu eftsk, ejkdh, ;ztkd, g?oqk nkfd p'bdk$fbydk, e'wb ebktk ftzu vokfjzr, rhs-;zrhs, fbqs, vokwk nkfd 36

37 y/vdk, ns/ y/vk ftzu ewo/ nzdo$y/v d/ w?dkb ftzu y/vhnk ikd tkbhnk y/vk y/vdhnk$t[jbk ftzu o[uh fdykt[dh j't/rh. mulwkx kdon kiqw jwxw cwhidw hy? ijvyn is`kx iskwaux prikraw lgwqwr c`ldi hy, ausy qrhw mulwkx vi lgwqwr hi kiqw jwxw cwhidw hy: jøsktkoh, wjhbktkoh ns/ ;bkbk d/ nxko s/. ehs/ ikd/ w[bked iv`c prsnw dy ôpdk dh bxqr AijhI hovy ik b`cy/b`ciaw num Awpxy ivcwr Aqy jvwb soc ky dy skx di sok hovy[ nwl hi ieh vi pqw l`gy ik auh ivsy/aup ivsy prqi ikmni smj r`kdy hn[ ijvyn CWtvyN (Multiple Choice) prsn dyxw[ b`cy/b`ci dy is`kx Aqy prgqi di puri qsvir dyx lei aus dy is`kx Kyqr num ivsqwr id`qw jwvy[ is`kx Kyqr iv`c pwtkrm smbmdi Aqy pwt-krm shwiek gqiivdiaw smbmdi au`pr crcw kiqi jw cu`ki hy[ sucnw drj krn lei b`cy/b`ciaw dw pro&wiel iqawr krnw Aiq zruri hy[ g'qckow/ ns/ gqrsh ekov (annexture 1, 2 & 3) g'qckow/ GoB/L- jcsktkoh gq'ckowk God/ ;w/a nfxnkge fgzs/ dz;/ nb[;ko B[efsnK B{z fxnkb ftzu ozyd/ j'j/ r/qv d/dr/. T[gozs fjjbk rq/vk dk n";s gfjbk wjhbktko s/ c/o ;bkbk s"o s/ ezfynk ikt/rk. pzu/$pzuh d/ ;w[zu/ ftneshst ;pzxh w[bked eod/ ;w/a nfxnkge d' y/so fxnkb ftzu ozy/rkl TH gskdhnk rjhnk ewhnkl- Gkt pzu/ d/ ftneshst d/ ftek; ftzu fejvhnk-fejvhnk T{DskJhnK jbl 37

38 nh ewh d{o eob dh e'fôôl- nfxnkge B/ T[jBK T{DskJhnK B{z d{o eob bjh pzu/ dh fezbh s/ fet/a wdd ehshl JH BshikL- fezbh T{DskJh d{o j'jh s/ ed'a sze j'jh. ftô/ôl- T, n s/ J Gkr rq/vk ftzu BjhA Gfonk ikt/rk. ;r'a fjj tobkswe o{g ftzu fbfynk ikt/rk. nfxnkge BKjtkuh (Negative) ôpd BjhA tosdr/ fit/a fj; B{z fpbe[b th gvqbk Bjh nkt[adk, Bk fby e/ fjj fby/rk fe Òj'o fwjbs eoe/ tx/o/ uzrh soqk gvq ;edk$;edh j?ó nkfd. T Gkr ftzu nfxnkge pzu/ B{z ftzfdne y/so dh gqkgsh bjh fjze ;t?w[bked g'qckowk (self assessment format) th pdk e/ d/ ;edk j? fi; dh o{g o/yk j/m fby/ nb[;ko j' ;edh j?l s[jkb{z gkm g{oh soqk Bkb ;wm br frnk j?< fj; pko/ nkgd/ jw iwkshnk Bkb rzb eo ;ed/ j'< --- gkso pko/ iwks ftzu p'b e/ dz; ;ed/ j'< --- dk gjkvk (table) ;[Dk ;ed/ j'< tksktob gqd{ôd d/ ekob dz; ;ed/ j'< --- d/ pko/ fuzso pdk ;ed/ j'< --- nkfd. Bshik$;[XkoL- fj; ykb/ ftzu gkjh rjh T{DskJh dk fizbk-fizbk ;[Xko j'fjnk j?, T[; pko/ nfxnkge ft;eko Bkb fby/rk. f;js dh ;feshl- fj; ykb/ ftzu pzu/$pzuh dh ;ohoe gzy s'a fe;/ th soqk dh ewh dk tobd ehsk ikt/rk, fj; pko/ T[; d/ xofdnk B{z dzf;nk ikt/rk s/ ehs/ rj/ fjbki dk t/otk fdzsk ikt/rk. T[dkjoB bjh d/fynk ik ;edk j?l ftô/ tko e[ôbsktk bjh r/qv d/d fjs jdkfjsk 38

39 GkôkL- Gkôk ftu r/qv fe; soqk d/dk j?l- BwSw diaw cwr mu`k kuslqwvw dw mulwkx krdy smyn gryf dyx ihq hyt ilkiaw g`lw qy ivsys idawn dyxw hy: 1H ;[DBkL iwks ftzu ftfdnkoeh gkm B{z fe; soqk ;[Ddk j?< g[s/ rj/ gqôbk B{z ;wm Bkb ;[Ddk j?. Xhoi s/ fxnkb Bkb ;[Ddk j?. X[zBhnK d/ T[ukoB ftzu G/d eodk j?. 2H p'bdkl eh gqôb dk T[Zso fdzdk$fdzdh j?< gkm ;[DkT[Adk$;[DkT[Adh j?. fdzs/ rj/ ftfônk s/ p'bdk$p'bdh j?. eh ;t?-nfgftnesh j?< eh p'bd bzfrnk tke mhe pdkt[adk$pdkta[dh j??< s;tho dk todb eodk$eodh j?< eh eftsk, ejkdh ;[DkT[Adk$;[DkT[Adh j?< ro[zg-fv;eôb ftzu Gkr b?adk$b?adh j?< 3H gvqbkl eh ;wm Bkb gkm gvqdk$gvqdh j???< gkm gvqe/ gqôbk d/ T[Zso fdzdk$fdzdh j??< eh gkm ô[zx gvqdk$gvqdh j?? j'o ejkdhnk nkfd gvqb ftzu o[uh ozydk$ozydh j??< 4H fbydkl ô[x s/ ;gzôn fbydk 39

40 d/y e/ fbydk tke pdkt[dk ykbh ;EkB GoBk g?oqk gvqe/ T[; ftu'a fdzs/ gqôbk d/ T[Zso fbydk ftnkeob fuzmh, b/y ik ejkdh fbydk rfdsl- ftôk nfxnkge jo ftfdnkoeh dk j/m fby/ w[skfpe w[bked eo/rkl w"fye ezw fbysh ezw gq:'rh ezw o' kbk fizdrh ftzu T[g:'r ftfrnkbl w"fye ezw fbysh ezw gq:'rh ezw o' kbk fizdrh ftzu T[g:'r ;wkfie ftfrnkbl w"fye ezw fbysh ezw gq:'rh ezw$y'i nxkfos ezw o' kbk fizdrh ftzu T[g:'r ebkl 40

41 ftôtkô Bkb fuzso pdkt[d dh :'rsk fuzso pdkt[d/ ;w/a ebgbk ns/ w"fbesk dk ftyktk fgzb-fgzb soqk dhnk nkfeqshnk pdkt[dk e'bki ozrk dk frnkb f;js ns/ ;ohoe f;zfynkl n?eb?fne; y/vk :'rk fb:w pzxsk ;kø ;ckjh e[zm j'o io{oh jdkfjskl e[zb jøfsnk d/ r/qvk dk n";s wkf;e rq/v d/ o{g ftzu fdzsk ikt/rk. e[zb wkf;e rq/vk dk n";s ;bkbk r/qv (Bshik) pd/rk. i{b wjhb/ d/ r/qv dw inrdwrn rowh dhnk S[ZNhnK s/ nxkfos j'w n;kfjbw?an s/ fbogo j't/rk. fjj j'w n;kfjbw?an ftô/ nb[;ko g'qi?en toe, y'i ns/ ;eo?g p[ze nkfd pdkt[d dk j't/rk. ftôk nfxnkge fj; rzb B{z :ehbh pdkt/rk fe jo ftfdnkoeh j'w n;kfjbw?an num p'm Bk ;wm/ ;r'a nkbzdwjh Yzr Bkb iesnum purw eo/. fbysh w[bked ftzu tzv/ T[Zso tkb/ gqôb, S'N/ T[Zso tkb/ gqôb, pj[s S'N/ T[Zso tkb/ gqôb, t;s{ fbôm gqôb (objective type) ns/ ng{ob 41

42 tke tkb/ (open ended) gqôb g[zs/ ikd. rty-rtwey a`uqrw vwly prsn nw pu`cy jwx. w[bked bjh N{b fsnko eod/ ;w/a pzu/$pzuh dh ftôb/ôdkswe, feqnkswe ns/ j'o pj[-ftxkth ;wm dw mulwkx krn bjh tx/o/ r[zikfjô j't/. jo/e sebhe B{z T[fus wjzst (weightage) fdzsk ikt/ ns/ fjj :ehbh pdkfjnk ikt/ fe ftfdnkoeh fszb wjhfbnk ftzu fjze gq'i?en io{o pbkt[d ns/ jo/e wjhb/ ehs/ ikd tkb/ fbysh w[bked ;w/a jk o j'd. fjj fbysh w[bked nfxnkge okjha gqôbktbh$gqôb gzso fsnko eoe/ ehsk ikt/. gqôbktbh$gqôb gzso nkfd fsnko eod/ ;w/a nfxnkge fjj fxnkb ozy/ fe T[j jo pzu/$pzuh dh ;wm nb[;ko yoh$yok T[so/. ;zt?xkfbe edok ehwsk ns/ f;zfynk gqfeqnk dk wb[zyh ihtb Bkb pj[s r{vqk ;pzx j?. fjjbk dk w[bked th T[fus Yzr Bkb ehsk ikt/. pzu/$pzuhnk nzdo pj[s ;kohnk b[ehnk j'jhnk :'rsktk$fbg[zdsktk$gqfsgk j[zdh j?. fjjbk B{z T[GkoB bjh nfxnkge ftfdnkoehnk nzdo f;zyd nb[gt ns/ fjjbk ;pzxh ehshnk ikd tkbhnk rshftxhnk B{z T[jBK d/ ;w[zu/ ftek; bjh ;[ftxk nb[;ko ftt;fes eo/. w[bked eod/ ;w/a pzu/$pzuh dhnk f;zyd ;pzxh fijvhnk th w[ôfebk ik ewhnk ;kjwd/ nkt[d, T[jBK B{z d{o eob bjh nfxnkge T[jBK B{z nfsfoes nrtkjh d/ e/ T[jBK B{z fjzss gzxo sze fbnkt/. 42

43 nfxnkge fj; rzb dk yk; fxnkb ozyd fe e'jh th ftfdnkoeh Jh ro/v ftzu Bk nkt/. i/eo pzu/ dk Jh ro/v ;zgkfts j't/ sk fj; bjh nfxnkge pzu/$pzuh dh gqrsh tk;s/ T[u/uk fxnkb d/d. jo/e nfxnkge B{z nkgd/ ftô/ d/ w[bked dk g{ok fxnkb$frnkb j't/ ns/ T[j y[d fbôuk eo/ fe w[bked bjh fejvh sebhe dk gq:'r eobk j?. wbked bjh tosh ikd tkbh sebhe-gqôb gzso nkfd nfxnkge y[d fsnko eob. fjj fe;/ pkjobh J/iz;h okjha fsnko Bk eotkj/ ikd. g{o/ ;kb dk foekov ;w/s T[Zso gzsohnk, ftôk tko nfxnkge ofi;no, gqrsh ofi;no nkfd xzn' xzn d' ;kb sze ;KG e/ ozfynk ikt/. wjhbktko fbysh w[bked 20 BzpoK ftzu'a eob T[gozs r/qv fdzsk ikt/rk. ;bkbk Bshi/ ftzu g{o/ wjhfbnk dh gqkgsh B{z i' fe n";s wkf;e rq/v ftzu j't/rk, g{o/ toq/ d/ n";s r/qv ftzu spdhb eoe/ do;kfjnk ikt/rk. w[bked eod/ ;w/a jk gzyh fnzgdh ehsh ikt/. nfxnkge fjze pzu/$pzuh dh s[bbk fe;/ d{i/ pzu/$pzuh Bkb BjhA eo/rk. wk pkg B{z T[jBK d/ pzu/$pzuhnk dh ekor[ koh pko/ ;w/a f;o ;{ubk fdzsh ikt/. fijv/ pzu/ w[bked ;w/a fe;/ th ekob ;e{b'a r?o jk o j' ikd/ jb, T[jBK dk w[bked fe;/ j'o fdb io{o ehsk ikt/. rq/v d/dk pzu/$pzuh d/ gqrsh ofi;no$gqrsh ekov ftzu ftôk tko gqkgsh bjh j/m fby/ / nb[;ko ro/v tos/ ikdr/ L- skul AMdr b`icaw dw lgwqwr Aqy smu`cw mulwkx auhnw di pvwhey jwx vwly ivisaw smbmdi kwrguzwri Aqy is`ikaw shwiek gqiivdiaw iv`c prwpqiaw di jwc krn lei kiqw jwdw hy[lgwqwr smu`cw mulwkx do KyqrW iv`c humdw hy: 43

44 1. is`ikaw dw Kyqr 2. is`ikaw shwiek gqiivdiaw dw Kyqr is`ikaw shwiek gqiivdiaw dy Kyqr dy vi do ih`sy hn: 1. is`ikaw shwiek Aqy s`ibawcwirk ikrawvw 2. ivakqigq Aqy smwijk gux is`ikaw Kyqr iv`c drjwbmdi: b`cy/b`ciaw di Akwdimk Kyqr iv`c prwpqiaw dw mulwkx krn ihq kei qrwh diaw qknikw vrqiaw jwdiaw hn ijvyn zubwni/ilkqi mulwkx, prwjykt, prqi kwrj (assignments) dyxy Awid[ AwmqOr qy ies Kyqr di jwc AMk dy ky kiqi jwdi hy [auprmq iehnw AMkW num purn drjwbmdi (Absolute Grading) ivdi nwl drijaw iv`c qbdil kiqw jwdw hy [ibmn ibmn crnw qy drijaw lei vrqy jwdy skyl hyt ilky Anuuswr humdy hn: syksn prwiemri A`pr prwiemri skyl 5 pvwiemt 5 pvwiemt prwiemri$nzgo gqkfjwoh p`dr qy purn drjwbmdi skyl: pmj pvwiemt skyl lvi nm. AMkW di rynj gryf ivvrn % eyy aùqm % bi bhuq A`Cw % si A`Cw % vh AOsq % Jh AsMqoKjnk ;fjftzfdne gqiivdiaw dw mulwkx:- 44