Summary of data on crashes in Knoxville involving pedestrians and bicyclists

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1 Total numbers Summary of data on crashes in Knoxville involving pedestrians and bicyclists There were,94 crashes involving either pedestrians or bicyclists. 886 crashes involved pedestrians, 304 involved bicyclists, and 4 crashes involved both. The crashes occurred between January of 2007 and December of 206, a total of 20 months, for a rate of 0 crashes per month or 9 crashes per year. Almost all of the crashes (,093, or 92 percent) involved the injury or death of a person walking or bicycling.,053 crashes involved injuries only, and another 40 involved a fatality. Two of the fatal crashes involved two fatalities each, for a total of 42 people killed while walking or bicycling. Of the 42 total fatalities, 4 were killed while walking, the other while bicycling. Table shows the number of crashes per year. Ped Bike Both Total The location of 48 crashes (4 percent) is uncertain because of incomplete information in the crash reports. This report focuses on the,46 remaining crashes where the location is certain.

2 A disproportionate share of pedestrian/bicycle crashes occur on major arterials (streets such as Broadway and Kingston Pike). Of the crashes where locations are certain, 29 percent (33 crashes) occurred on major arterials. Major arterials make up only 6 percent of the surface street mileage within Knoxville. Types of crashes analyzed in this report This report analyzes certain crash factors. It focuses on identifying locations and behaviors where interventions in the form of design changes, education, or enforcement may help to prevent future crashes. 438 (38 percent) of the,46 total crashes fit into one of these categories. Categories of crashes analyzed in this report are: Drivers failing to yield while turning. Crashes analyzed are ones where the report indicates that the pedestrian or bicyclist was behaving properly while traveling along or across a street, and the driver failed to yield. In locations or corridors with multiple crashes of this type, changes to the geometry of the intersections and/or to the function of the traffic signals may help prevent future crashes. Education and traffic enforcement may be needed as well. People struck by cars while walking in locations without sidewalks. These crashes indicate a need for sidewalks where they are currently missing. Drivers failing to yield while going straight. In these instances, pedestrians are crossing the street in a legal crosswalk, either marked or unmarked, and are struck by a driver. Bicyclists riding in locations without safe facilities. Bicyclists being struck from behind or while riding on the sidewalk indicate the need for a safe bicycle facility along a corridor. 2 People struck by cars while crossing a street outside of an intersection or marked midblock crossing. In these locations, there may be a need to educate pedestrians to cross at appropriate locations, or to provide additional crossings, as the existing crossing are dangerous or inconvenient. Bicyclists riding in an unsafe manner or location. In these cases, the crash report indicated that the bicyclist was riding in a manner that is less than ideal: riding on the street against traffic, or riding at night with no lights. Improved bicycling infrastructure and education for bicyclists may help prevent these types of crashes. Tennessee Code Annotated () defines crosswalk as (A) That part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway; or (B) Any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface. 2 Riding a bicycle on the sidewalk is legal in most places. Bicycle safety educators generally warn against riding on the sidewalk, because of the danger from turning motor vehicles. 2

3 TABLE 2: Crash Factors Number of Crashes Percent of Ped Bike Total Crashes* Turning left Turning right (not. Drivers failing to right on red) yield while turning Turning right on red (202 total crashes) light Direction of turn unclear Pedestrian struck while walking along corridor without sidewalks Driver failing to yield while going straight Bicyclist riding on sidewalk Pedestrian crossing street outside of an intersection or marked crosswalk Bicyclist riding against traffic Driver striking bicyclist from behind Bicyclist riding at night with no lights Crash Factor : Drivers failing to yield while turning Of the crashes where a crash factor has been identified, 202 (46 percent) involved pedestrians or bicyclist hit by cars whose drivers failed to yield properly when turning. (This crash factor is identified only where the bicyclist or pedestrian involved was traveling safely and within the law and the driver failed to yield.) Of these, 23 crashes involved drivers turning left; 36 involved right turns where the driver had a green light; 34 involved a right turn on red; and in 9 the direction of the turn was unclear. 8 of these crashes involved injuries, and was a fatality. 50 of these cases involved pedestrians, and the remaining 52 involved bicyclists. 28 intersections experienced multiple instances of failure-to-yield crashes, accounting for a total of 77 crashes of this type: 3

4 TABLE 3: Intersections with multiple failure-to-yield crashes Intersection Left turns turn (not on red) turn on red Turn direction unclear Total crashes Broadway & Atlantic Ave 2 Broadway & Highland Dr 2 3 Broadway & McCroskey Ave Broadway & Oglewood Ave 2 2 Broadway & Fifth Ave, 2 Chapman Hwy & Woodlawn Pk 2 2 Clinch Ave & th St 2 Clinch Ave & 6 th St 2 2 Clinch Ave & Henley St 2 Clinch Ave & Locust St 3 Cumberland & 6 th /Volunteer 2 2 Cumberland & 7 th /Melrose Pl 3 6, Cumberland Ave & 8 th St 3 Cumberland Ave & 9 th St 2 Cumberland Ave & 2 st St 2 2 Cumberland Ave & Gay St 3 3 Cumberland & James Agee 2 Downtown West & Ray Mears 2 2 Gay St & Main St 4 5 Gay St & Summit Hill Dr, 4 Henley St & Western Ave 2 2 Highland Ave & 7 th St 2 2 Melrose Pl & Lake Ave 2 Middlebrook Pk & Western Ave 2 Morrell Rd & Gleason Dr 2 2 Sevier Ave & Atchley St. 2 2 Summit Hill Dr & Walnut St. 2 White Ave & 7 th St 2 3 Number in red indicates that crashes involved a bicyclist. 4

5 8 corridors experienced multiple failure-to-yield crashes, in addition to those at the intersections above: TABLE 4: Corridors with multiple failure-to-yield crashes Corridor Cross street Left turns turn (not on red) turn on red Turn direction unclear Broadway Adair Dr Cecil Ave Coker Ave Mineral Springs Ave Old Broadway Powers St Rennoc Rd Washington Pike Central St Anderson Ave Baxter Quincy Ave Woodland Ave Chapman Hwy E Moody Ave E Young High Pk Hawthorne Ave Lippencott St Martin Mill Pk Clinch Ave 4 th St Gay St James Agee St World s Fair Park Dr Cumberland Ave th St 20 th St Circle Dr Estabrook Rd Locust St Volunteer Blvd (not 6 th ) Gay St 5 th Ave Wall St Gill Ave Eleanor St Irwin St Hill Ave Gay St Howard Baker Ave State St Number in red indicates that crashes involved a bicyclist. 5

6 Corridor Cross street Left turns turn (not on red) turn on red Kingston Pk 29N Exit Ramp Buckingham Dr Deane Hill Dr Forest Glen Dr (fatality) Turn direction unclear Gallaher View Rd Mohican St Newcom Ave Lyons View Pk Killarney Rd Londonderry Rd Papermill Dr Signal between Morrell and Cheshire Magnolia Ave Harrison St Hembree St Jessamine St Winona St Merchant Dr Davida Rd Tillery Dr Morrell Rd Pleasant Ridge Rd Signal at south entrance to West Town School Access (Rocky Hill Elem) Bradshaw Rd Pleasant Trace Cr Wilson Rd Sevier Ave Baker Ave Dixie St Jones St Summit Hill Dr Central St Hall of Fame Dr Patton St State St Sutherland Ave Hollywood Rd Tobler Rd Volunteer Blvd Pat Head Summit St Andy Holt Ave Western Ave Knoxville College Dr Schofield St 6

7 Crash Factor 2: People struck by cars while walking in locations without sidewalks In 63 (4 percent) of crashes, a person walking along a street without a sidewalk was hit by a car. (This includes only cases where the crash report finds that the pedestrian was walking along the street when the crash happened, not cases where pedestrians darted into traffic.) 52 of these crashes involved injuries, and was a fatality. Seven streets saw multiple crashes of this type: Breda Drive (2), Central Avenue Pike (2), Dutch Valley Drive (2), Gleason Drive (3), Millertown Pike (2), Piney Grove Church Road (2), and West Inskip Drive (3). The locations of all crashes of this type follows: TABLE 5: Locations of pedestrians being struck while walking along streets without sidewalks Crash occurred on this street Near the intersection with this street Aubrey Ln Yates Ln Ball Camp Pike Kingsmore Dr Bluff Ave Folsom Ave Bob Kirby Rd Secretariat Blvd Boyds Bridge Pk Pickering St Breda Dr The Hague Breda Dr The Hague Bruhin Rd (fatality) Breda Dr Cedar Ln Willoway Dr Central Avenue Pk Merchant Dr Central Avenue Pk Naueda Dr Chapman Highway Gwinfield Dr Clyde St Middlebrook Pk Dante Rd Mundal Rd Delray Rd Bob Gray Rd Dutch Valley Dr Plummer Rd Dutch Valley Dr Ridge Grove LN E Martin Mill Pk Chapman Highway Edgeview Way Shipman Dr Fairway Dr Forestdale Ave Fleetwood Dr Dewine Rd Fulton Dr Villa Rd Gleason Dr Beaverton Rd Gleason Dr Danbury Rd Gleason Dr Forest Oak Dr Heiskell Ave Huray LN Hillvale Turn East Kingston Pk 7

8 Crash occurred on this street Hoitt Ave Inskip Rd Kim Watt Dr Knott Rd Lonas Dr Loves Creek Rd (fatality) Lyons Way Merchant Dr Millertown Pk Millertown Pk Neubert Springs Rd Neyland Dr Nubbin Ridge Rd Overbrook Dr Piney Grove Church Rd Piney Grove Church Rd Price Ave Rambling Rd Riverside Dr Rugby Ave S Cherry St Schubert Rd Sevier Ave Sims Rd Snyder Rd Tazewell Pike Valley View Dr W Baxter Ave W Inskip Dr W Inskip Dr W Inskip Dr W Moody Ave W Oldham Ave W Young High Pk Westland Dr Wilson Ave Near the intersection with this street Boone St South Park Cir Frank Watts Rd Tenwood Dr Pawnee Rd Buffat Mill Rd Valley View Dr Tillery Dr Brookwood Rd Brookwood Rd Lake Glenn Ln Walnut St Hampson Ln Gayview Dr Glade Hill Dr Glade Hill Dr South Haven Rd Drifting Rd Lombard Pl Marshall St Wilson Ave W Inskip Dr Pearson Ave Avenue A Amber Meadows Cir Beverly Park Cir Cross Valley Rd Beaumont Ave Central View Rd E Inskip Dr Central View Rd Tomlinson St McSpadden St Chapman Highway Morrell Rd S Beaman St 8

9 Crash Factor 3: Driver failing to yield while going straight In 46 crashes ( percent), drivers were going straight and failed to yield or stop for a person walking or bicycling across the street in a legal crosswalk, either marked or unmarked, or who otherwise has the right of way. Cases are excluded if the crash report indicates that the person walking or bicycling darted into traffic or otherwise entered the street in a way that failed to give the driver sufficient time to yield the right of way. 42 of these crashes involved pedestrians, while the remaining 4 involved bicyclists. 40 of the pedestrian crashes and 2 bicycle crashes involved injuries, and an additional pedestrian crash was a fatality (at Central St and 5 th Ave). Several areas saw multiple crashes of this type involving pedestrians: o Marked crosswalk on Broadway north of Magnolia (4 crashes, all pedestrians) o Marked crosswalks on Central St at Willow ( crash), at Jackson ( crash) and between Willow and Jackson (2 crashes), all involving pedestrians o Various intersections and driveways along Cumberland Avenue between 7 th and 2 st streets (6 crashes, all pedestrians) o Marked crosswalks on Volunteer Boulevard near Melrose Avenue (2 crashes, both pedestrians) In the 4 cases involving bicyclists, the drivers either failed to stop at stop signs, or pulled out from stop signs or side streets into the path of bicyclists. These occurred at the following intersections: White Ave/6 th St (driver eastbound on White); Lake Ave/9 th St (driver northbound on Lake); Highland Ave/23 rd St (driver northbound on 23 rd ); Gay St/Vine Ave (driver westbound on from parking lot toward Vine). Crash Factor 4: Bicyclist riding on sidewalk 45 crashes ( percent) were associated with bicyclists riding on the sidewalk. 35 of these crashes involved injuries, and none were fatalities. 6 corridors saw more than one of this crash type: TABLE 6: Locations with multiple bicyclists being struck while riding on sidewalks Corridor Cumberland Ave/Kingston Pk Western Ave Broadway Chapman Highway Middlebrook Pk Central St Number of crashes and locations 0 crashes between 7 th St & Alcoa Highway 6 crashes between th St & News Sentinel Dr 4 crashes between Cecil Ave and Atlantic Ave 2 crashes near Lippencott St, near Minosa Ave 2 crashes, one at Citico St, one at Proctor St 2 crashes, one at Oak Hill Ave, one at Hinton Ave 9

10 Crash Factor 5: Pedestrian crossing street outside of an intersection or marked crosswalk In 4 crashes (9 percent), pedestrians were crossing the street outside of an intersection or marked crosswalk. 37 of these crashes involved injuries, and 3 others were fatalities. 5 corridors saw crashes of this type: TABLE 7: Locations with multiple pedestrians being struck while crossing outside of crosswalks Corridor Broadway Number of crashes and locations 9 crashes: 3 near Magnolia Ave; 2 between Grainger and Bluff avenues; between Oglewood and Edgewood; south of Powers St; north of Highland Dr; between Jacksboro Pk and Madonna Cir Cedar Bluff Rd between Cross Park Dr and Sherrill Blvd; south of N Peters Rd Magnolia Ave 2 crashes between Mary and Castle streets; east of Spruce St; west of Kyle St (fatality) Middlebrook Pk crash near Clyde St; near Sutherland Ave Western Ave crash near 7 th St; between Texas and Mynderse avenues; east of McKamey Rd Crash Factor 6: Bicyclist riding against traffic 7 bicyclists were struck while riding against traffic. Those crashes were scattered around the City. 5 crashes involved injuries, with no fatalities. Crash Factor 7: Driver striking bicyclist from behind 4 bicyclists were struck from behind by drivers. Those crashes were scattered around the City. 3 crashes involved injuries, with no fatalities. Crash Factor 8: Bicyclist riding at night with no lights 0 bicyclists were struck while riding at night with no lights. These crashes were scattered around the City. Eight crashes involved injuries, with no fatalities. Methodology Crash data were obtained directly from KPD (all crashes prior to June 2009) or downloaded from the TITAN database maintained by the State of Tennessee. Crashes were mapped in ArcMap GIS software based on latitude/longitude or closest intersection, where lat/long data were not available. TPO staff then reviewed the location of each crash to correct data errors. TPO staff assigned crash factors based on information obtained from individual crash reports, including crash narratives and information about citations issued. 0