16. 0 TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL GASES

Transcription

1 Purpse This prcedure identifies txic substances and chemical gases that culd represent an expsure ptential t Eichleay persnnel at sme client facilities, and establishes guidelines t reduce the risk in wrking arund these substances. 2. Applicatin This prcedure is applicable t all Eichleay emplyees regardless f wrk lcatin. 3. Respnsibilities Directr f HSEQ Administers this prgram and has full authrity t make necessary decisins fr the success f the prgram. Oversees develpment f detailed written instructins cvering each f the basic elements in this prgram. Emplyees Perfrm wrk in accrdance with this prcedure. 4. General Infrmatin Client facilities where Eichleay emplyees wrk ften emply a number f txic substances and chemical gases that present a ptential fr expsure t Eichleay persnnel. Client facilities have the respnsibility t infrm Eichleay persnnel f the risks assciated with these substances, prvide necessary (M)SDS s, and have in place prgrams t minimize the expsure ptential. Eichleay persnnel are nt t enter a facility wrk area unescrted withut first receiving site specific safety rientatin. Eichleay persnnel are t adhere t all client safety requirements while at their facility. The fllwing general rules shall be fllwed: Always review the current (M)SDS s fr any chemicals assciated with a jb. A (M)SDS must be btained fr any chemical used by Eichleay persnnel within the client site. Avid breathing dust, vaprs r fumes; Stay upwind f escaping dusts, vaprs r fumes and/r wear apprpriate PPE. Apprved PPE must be wrn when handling txic chemicals r vlatile prducts which culd cause severe burns. If txic chemicals r vlatile prducts cme in cntact with the skin, wash the affected area at nce with water, cnsult the (M)SDS fr ther first aid treatment and seek medical attentin, if needed. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 1 f 14

2 Prper respiratry prtectin, that is NIOSH/MSHA apprved in relatin t the hazard present, will be wrn nly by trained persnnel when txic hazards are present r ptentially present. An emplyee expsed t acids, chemical inhibitrs, ammnia, caustic sda, tetraethyl lead, hydrgen sulfide (H 2 S), aluminum chlride, ther txic substance, gas r vapr shuld reprt the incident t the supervisr and the client cntact persn as sn as pssible, and seek nsite first aid. The (M)SDS shuld be cnsulted fr apprpriate first aid prcedures fr emergency treatment f chemical injuries; with further treatment f chemical injuries and illnesses left entirely t a physician. Emplyees invlved in peratins that require the handling f chemicals must knw where safety shwers and eyewash statins are lcated and hw they are t be used. Seek first aid treatment if expsure t txic substances and chemical gasses ccur. Windscks will be prminently displayed at client facilities s that emplyees may be aware f wind directin t ensure they stay upwind frm surces f any txic substance. Emplyees shuld be aware f fixed and prtable alarms and alarm signals that warn f a txic substance releases. Emplyees must be infrmed and made aware f all client emergency respnse prcedures prir t wrking by attending an n-site safety rientatin. In an emergency invlving txic substances, emplyees shall fllw all client r n site emergency respnse and reprting prcedures. 5. Specific Substances Safe Handling Practices The fllwing sectin presents basic infrmatin, safe handling, and cautin infrmatin abut many f the substances fund at refineries and ther client facilities. Acids General Acid strage cntainers shuld have suitable means f extracting the fluid frm the cntainer and gauging the fluid level s as nt t expse persnnel t fume inhalatin r skin cntact. Rms in which cncentrated acids are used must be pen r well ventilated. If acid cntacts the skin, flush the affected parts fr 15 t 20 with clear water. In case f eye injury frm acid, this prcedure is especially imprtant. Get the injured persn t a physician as quickly as pssible. See the prduct (M)SDS n first aid treatment fr expsure t acids. Hydrchlric Acid (HCI) Hydrchlric acid (HCI), als knwn as muriatic acid, prduces chlrine gas, a clrless, pungent gas f irritating dr. It is readily disslved in water and is the acid slutin mst used cmmercially. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 2 f 14

3 HCI attacks mst metals and is harmful t the eyes, flesh and clthing. Its fumes are pisnus when breathed int the lungs. The acid is pisnus if swallwed. It is nt explsive in itself but may cause explsive mixtures by actin n metals. Hydrfluric Acid (HF) Hydrfluric acid (HF) is similar t HCI in its physical characteristics. It prduces a clrless, pungent gas with an irritating dr, attacks mst metals and is harmful t the eyes, flesh and clthing. Its fumes are pisnus when breathed and the acid is pisnus if swallwed. It is nt explsive, but reacts with metals and may cause explsive mixtures. HF is seldm used in the il field except in cmbinatin with HCI. This mixture is cmmnly called mud acid. Hydrfluric-Hydrchlric Acid (HF-HCI) Hydrfluric-hydrchlric acid (HF-HCI), cmmnly knwn as mud acid r clay acid, is primarily used in acidizing sandstne frmatins. Its prperties are identical t HF and HCI as previusly described. Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO4) Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO4) is a heavy, ily, crrsive liquid knwn cmmercially by a number f names such as Oil f Vitril and Fuming Acid. It varies frm clrless t black, accrding t purity, and rapidly attacks steel. It is likely t cause fire when in cntact with cmbustible material, but is rdinarily nt explsive unless its actin n metal generates enugh hydrgen t prduce an explsive mixture. Open flames, lights r wrk f any srt that is likely t cause a spark shuld be avided arund any metal cntainer hlding this acid. H 2 SO4 eats thrugh clthing, chars wd, and causes severe burns when splashed n the skin r in the eyes. It is pisnus if taken internally. The fumes are txic when breathed int the lungs. Other Acids Other acids used in peratins (e.g. acetic, citric) shuld be handled with care and reference shuld be made t the apprpriate (M)SDS. Cmbustin Gases; Carbn Dixide (C2) and Carbn Mnxide (CO) Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 3 f 14

4 Carbn Dixide (CO2) CO 2 is clrless, drless gas frmed by the incmplete cmbustin f carbn, natural gas, gasline, r any ther carbnaceus material. CO2 is a naturally ccurring gas nrmally fund in the atmsphere at a cncentratin f.03 percent r 330 ppm. Gaseus CO2 is 50 percent heavier than air, with a specific gravity f 1.53 at 70F. It is clrless and drless. CO2 will displace xygen and can create an xygen deficient atmsphere resulting in suffcatin. Trapping liquid CO2 r a cmbinatin f the tw in a line must be avided because the nrmal warm-up f a line can cause excessive pressure and pipe failure. When piping that cntains liquid CO2 needs t be vented, that venting must be cmpleted at the lwest pint t prevent dry ice frmatin at the interface f gas and liquid. Because CO2 displaces xygen and is dangerus t persnnel at cncentratins exceeding 0.5 percent r 5000 ppm, mnitring f an area must be implemented t establish that the level f cntaminatin is less than 5000 ppm befre a persn may enter the area withut a suitable respiratr. In an area f suspected CO2 release, persnnel shuld avid ditches, bell hles, and ravines and evacuate upwind. Glves and prtective clthing must be used arund leaking CO2 piping because the extremely cld temperatures resulting frm expansin effects at the leak can be dangerus. Carbn Mnxide (CO) CO is a clrless, drless, highly txic gas frmed by the incmplete cmbustin f carbn, natural gas, gasline, r any ther carbnaceus material. CO is slightly denser than air and can cncentrate in lw pints. CO is absrbed in the bld much mre strngly than xygen and can lead t death by affixatin. Warning symptms that usually ccur with CO pisning are headache, dizziness, and nausea. Lethal inhalatin f CO can ccur withut any warning symptms. Internal cmbustin engines are prbably the mst hazardus surce f CO. Caustic Sda and Ash Caustic Sda (NaOH) Caustic sda, called sdium hydrate, sdium hydrxide, r cncentrated lye, is a brittle white slid. Expsed t air, it first liquefies, then absrbs CO2 gas frm the atmsphere and finally slidifies int whitish pwder. The cncentrated liquid frm f the caustic as well as the slid, grund, flake r pwdered frm f this material generates cnsiderable and variable amunts f heat when diluted with water depending, upn the initial and final cncentratin f the aqueus slutin. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 4 f 14

5 Caustic sda is the mst dangerus f all the alkalis t handle in any frm. It quickly attacks the flesh and the eyes and is harmful t clth and leather. It des nt give ff fumes, but is deadly if swallwed. Unpacking and emptying caustic sda cntainers are dangerus and difficult. Caustic sda is neither flammable nr explsive. The fllwing precautins must be taken in handling caustic sda: Persns handling caustic sda must wear chemical gggles and glves and shuld wear aprns r slicker suits and bts. Respiratrs r dust masks are recmmended when cnditins are such that caustic dust is suspended in the air. These same requirements apply t persns nt invlved in handling but wrking in the immediate area. If the skin cmes in cntact with caustic sda, immediately flush the expsed area with water until the slippery feeling f the caustic is gne. Caustic sda (lye) shuld nt be used t remve paint. Sda Ash (Na2CO3) Sda ash is a white finely crystallized pwder. It has n marked actin n clthing r metals. It may cause skin irritatin especially if the affected skin area is mist r wet. It is slightly caustic t the eyes. Avid swallwing r inhaling sda ash. Minimize skin cntact. Respiratrs r dust masks are recmmended when cnditins are such that sda ash particles are flating in the air. Chlrine (Cl2) General As a liquid, chlrine is an amber clred, ily fluid abut ne and- ne-half times as heavy as water. At atmspheric pressure and temperatures abve 94F it becmes a greenish-yellw gas abut tw-and-ne-half times as heavy as air, with a pungent, suffcating dr. Neither the liquid nr the gas is flammable r explsive. Chlrine is a dangerus gas, its actin being primarily ne f irritatin t the skin, mucus membrane, and respiratry system. The gas gives a warning f its presence by smell and prtective measures must be taken prmptly when the presence f chlrine is nticed. If chlrine dr is detected, avid panic. Keep the muth clsed, breath shallwly, keep the head up, and withdraw frm the cntaminated area until prper prtective equipment can be secured. When a chlrine leak is detected, persnnel in the vicinity must be alerted and the supervisr must be ntified as sn as pssible. Apprpriate steps must be taken t stp the leak. Because chlrine is crrsive in the presence f misture, a small leak can sn develp int a large ne. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 5 f 14

6 Never turn water n a chlrine gas leak. In the event f a chlrine leak, stay upwind. Surces f chlrine leaks can be detected with ammnia vaprs. Persnnel invlved in this wrk must wear apprved breathing apparatus with a full-face piece. Avid skin cntact with liquid chlrine. T prtect hands and bdy when attempting t stp a chlrine leak, wear rubber glves and rubber aprns. An individual must nt wrk in chlrine cncentratins greater than the 1 ppm OSHA ceiling limit. Crrsin-Preventin Chemicals General Crrsin-preventin chemicals include crrsin inhibitrs, xygen scavengers, and bactericides. The fllwing handling precautins are applicable t these chemicals (refer als t the apprpriate (M)SDS fr specific handling instructins fr the chemical in questin): Avid skin cntact by using rubber glves, rubber aprn and gggles with a full-face shield. If crrsin-preventin chemicals cntact the skin, immediately flush the expsed area with clear water, advise yur supervisr f the ccurrence, and seek medical attentin. Sme chemicals may require the use f respiratry equipment. See (M)SDS fr hazards assciated with specific prducts. Crude Prductin (Oil, Cndensate, Gas) General Crude prductin cntains hydrcarbns f varying cmpnents, biling range, clr, dr, density, and gravity. Expsure t the liquids and vaprs f these petrleum prducts shuld be minimized. Expsure Inhalatin f high vapr cncentratins may cause eye and respiratry irritatin, dizziness, headaches, and uncnsciusness depending n cncentratin and length f expsure time. Prlnged r repeated skin cntact may cause skin disrders. Crygenic Fluids Overview When extremely lw-temperature crygenic fluids cntact human tissue they immediately cause cld burns r frstbite. Cld burns may als ccur frm cntact with nn-insulated r inadequately insulated materials that are in cntact with crygenic fluids. In an unventilated area, the rapid expansin f any crygenic fluid except xygen will create an xygen deficient atmsphere. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 6 f 14

7 Avid tuching nn-insulated lines, vessels, and fittings cntaining crygenic fluids. Use cautin when handling liquefied natural gas (LNG), as it will flash t frm a flammable mixture with air when released r spilled. Epxy Cmpunds Skin cntact with uncured epxy material shuld be avided. If such cntact ccurs, wash the affected parts with sap and water. Frmaldehyde (CH2O) General Frmaldehyde is a clrless gas with a strng, pungent dr. It is marketed in an aqueus slutin called Frmalin and is used as a bicide. Apprpriate testing prcedures must be initiated and alarms installed where large quantities f frmaldehyde are stred r where the threat f expsure is significant. Cntact with frmaldehyde vaprs and slutin must be minimized. Prvide apprpriate ventilatin in enclsed areas where frmaldehyde may accumulate. In areas such as tertiary recvery, where significant quantities f frmaldehyde may be used, apprpriate handling prcedures and safeguards must be develped, tested, and implemented prir t prtect start up. Persnnel must nt wear cntact lenses when in r arund frmaldehyde. If in a wrk area that requires extended expsure t frmaldehyde vaprs, apprved respiratrs must be used. A safety shwer and eyewash statin must be available at the Frmalin strage tank area and be available fr immediate emergency use at all times. Eyewash statins shuld be strategically lcated thrughut the mixing area. Hydrazine Overview Hydrazine is a chemical that can be used as an xygen scavenger in biler feed water systems. It bils at 235F, is very sluble in water and highly flammable in the cncentrated frm. Liquid hydrazine can severely irritate r even burn the skin. The vaprs frm hydrazine irritate the eyes, mucus membranes f the respiratry tract, thrat, lungs, and nse. Hydrazine will als absrb thrugh the skin causing the same adverse health effects as inhalatin. The 8-hur time weighted average permissible expsure level t hydrazine is 0.1 ppm. Keep the liquid ff the skin and handle the material utdrs in a well-ventilated area. When handling the liquid hydrazine cncentrate wear rubberized glves and face shield t prevent skin cntact frm splashes r leaks. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 7 f 14

8 Respiratry prtectin (cartridge mask) shuld be wrn especially when the weather is ht (90F r greater) and ventilatin is pr (less than 60 feet per minute). Fr significant spills (ne galln r mre), an SCBA shuld be wrn t clean up the spill. If the liquid hydrazine spills n leather shes, they shuld be thrughly decntaminated with water (inside and ut) t ensure nne penetrates the shes and cntacts the skin. If the ammnia like dr and il liquid cannt be eliminated, the shes must be discarded. Hydrazine saked clthes must be remved, drenched with water and washed befre wearing again. Hydrgen Sulfide (H 2 S) Operatins invlving petrleum that cntains hydrgen sulfide (H 2 S) present dangers in additin t hazards usually assciated with hydrcarbns. H 2 S is the mst txic naturally ccurring gas. H 2 S can be in a gas r cmpressed liquid state. It is txic by inhalatin, a clrless gas, flammable, sluble in water and it has an dr like rtten eggs at lw cncentratins. Althugh H 2 S has the characteristic "rtten egg" dr in small amunts, the sense f smell cannt be relied upn fr detectin because this sense is lst in a few minutes f expsure at lw cncentratins and in 60 secnds r less at high cncentratins. Hydrgen Sulfide (H 2 S) is a primary hazard at all refineries and sme chemical plants. In additin H 2 S can be present at, but nt limited t, the fllwing places: Drilling and excavatin peratins Recycled drilling mud Sur water Petrleum strage tank areas Pipeline and petrleum refining prcessing units When gauging petrleum strage tanks, transprt cntainers and vessels During field maintenance peratins Arund battery wells Hazard Overview H 2 S is heavier than air and thus tends t cncentrate in lw areas. It frms an explsive mixture with air between 4.3 percent and 45.5 percent by vlume. H 2 S expsure ccurs mst likely thrugh inhalatin. The fllwing can result frm H 2 S inhalatin: Lss f cnsciusness may ccur within a few secnds f expsure t high cncentratins. Death may ccur quickly due t respiratry paralysis as ne deep breath f a highcncentratin H 2 S can cause death. Cughing, eye and thrat irritatin, and sleepiness cme frm expsure t lw cncentratins. EYES: H 2 S can cause irritatin t the eyes at levels near the PEL. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 8 f 14

9 SKIN: Gas will generally nt irritate the skin. Liquid may cause freeze burns, irritatin reddening r swelling. INHALATION: Is txic by inhalatin. Releases f liquefied prduct may create atmspheres that can rapidly exceed lethal levels. Acute lw level expsure that exceeds the PEL will result in irritatins f the nse, thrat, and can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, and nervusness. INGESTION: Liquid may cause freeze burns and death. OTHER HAZARDS: H 2 S can paralyze the sense f smell. Effects frm inhaling fumes may lead t chrnic brnchitis, respiratry irritatins and increased lss f pulmnary functin. Tearing f the eyes can ccur. Always fllw all rules and prcedures when a hazard f H 2 S culd be present. Review all JHA s and (M)SDS sheets that apply. Fllw all permit requirements when wrking in client facilities where H 2 S is a listed hazard r ptential hazard. All Eichleay emplyees must attend client safety rientatin classes and knw what t d in any emergency, especially an emergency invlving H 2 S. Persnal H 2 S mnitrs must be wrn at all times when wrking in client facilities where H 2 S is an identified hazard. When any H 2 S alarm sunds, all persnnel in the area must evacuate the area by ging crss-wind and up-wind t a safe area r designated assembly area and reprt the alarm cnditin using client apprved emergency reprting requirements. Persnal H 2 S mnitrs are set t alarm at 10 PPM. Persnal H 2 S mnitrs must be wrn within 15 inches f the nse (the breathing zne), frward f the ears, and must nt be cvered by any clthing such as cveralls, raincats r ther material. Persnal H 2 S must nt be wrn n the hard hat, must be functin tested daily and bump tested mnthly.. The OSHA permissible expsure limit (PEL) is 10 ppm. The Shrt-term expsure limit (STEL) is 15 ppm. Hydrgen Sulfide (H 2 S) Txicity Limits % Parts Per Millin Health Effect Victim becmes uncnscius at nce. Permanent brain damage may result unless rescued prmptly and given immediate artificial resuscitatin. Victim becmes uncnscius quickly. Breathing will stp and death will result unless rescued prmptly and given artificial resuscitatin. Victim lses sense f reasning and balance. Respiratry paralysis in a few minutes. Victim needs prmpt artificial resuscitatin. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 9 f 14

10 Deadens sense f smell quickly. Stings eyes and thrat IDLH Immediately Dangerus t Life and Health Deadens sense f smell 3 t 15 minutes. Stings eyes and thrat Shrt-term expsure Limit (15 minutes) hur Time Weighted Average Permissible Expsure Limit. First Aid CAUTION: Never attempt t rescue anyne wh has gne dwn in a prcessing area and pssibly vercme by H 2 S. G crss-wind then up-wind and reprt all expsures and releases invlving H 2 S by calling the n-site emergency number. EYES: Flush eyes with water fr at least fifteen minutes and seek medical attentin. SKIN: Wash skin with sap and water fr at least fifteen minutes. If irritatin r adverse symptms develp, seek medical attentin. INHALATION: Immediately remve frm expsure areas. If breathing is difficult, give xygen. If breathing ceases, administer artificial respiratin fllwed by xygen. Seek medical attentin. INGESTION: If illness r adverse symptms develp, seek medical attentin. Other Precautins The supervisr r manager must ensure effected emplyees are infrmed f the characteristics f H 2 S, its dangers, safety prcedures and first-aid techniques by referring them t this infrmatin in this sectin and reviewing an H 2 S (M)SDS. Apprved PPE must be available at n cst t emplyees and wrn at all times when H 2 S may be present r culd ptentially be present. Emplyees shuld bserve and bey all safety warning signs psted in any perating areas where H 2 S expsure is pssible. If H 2 S cntaminatin is suspected, the amunt f cntaminatin must be determined using an apprved H 2 S detectr befre persnnel are allwed t enter the area. When determining an unknwn H 2 S cncentratin, always use the apprpriate respiratry prtectin equipment. Eichleay emplyees are nt permitted t enter any area where the H 2 S cncentratin is abve the alarm pint f a persnal H 2 S mnitr (10 ppm). Adequate ventilatin shuld be maintained in all wrk areas t cntrl expsure belw recmmended levels. Suitable metallurgy, as specified in the Natinal Assciatin f Crrsin Engineers (NACE) Standard MR 0175/ISO 15156, latest revisin, must be used in H 2 S service. N cpper-bearing metal is t be used because it crrdes rapidly in H 2 S service. Sme Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 10 f 14

11 ther metals are subject t sulfide stress cracking, which can result in catastrphic failure. H 2 S is heavier than air and tends t cllect in lw places and emplyees shuld use cautin when appraching ditches, ravines, inside areas f firewalls, petrleum strage tank diked areas, and ther lw lying areas. Fllw all wrk permit and entry permit requirements. H 2 S tends t cncentrate in the vapr space f strage tanks cntaining sur il r cndensate and in the vapr space f sulfur strage pits. Extreme cautin must be used when wrking arund sulfur pit vents and strage tank rfs. Air purifying respiratrs must NOT be used in H 2 S service because they are neither adequate nr apprved fr H 2 S envirnments. Only NIOSH/MSHA apprved supplied air respiratry prtectin equipment such as an SCBA r air-line respiratr with and emergency escape bttle can be wrn when wrking where an H 2 S hazard is present r ptentially present. ONLY emplyees wh are trained t wear supplied-air respiratry prtectin equipment may d s. H 2 S may be liberated by chemical r acid cleaning f equipment even if nly trace amunts f H 2 S have been detected. Therefre, vented vaprs frm chemical cleaning must be treated as txic until they are tested and prven therwise. Liquid Sulfur Liquid sulfur is flammable and its vaprs may be explsive. Open flames, electric sparks and ther surces r ignitin must be kept away frm this substance. Fires in cnfined spaces may be extinguished by steam, carbn dixide r water sprayed n the surface f the liquid sulfur. The quantity f water used shuld be kept t a minimum. The use f pressure streams must be avided. Apprved breathing apparatus fr H 2 S service must be available at sulfur lading sites. When making r breaking cnnectins in liquid sulfur lines, individuals must wear full-face shields in additin t safety glasses. Liquid sulfur may cntain appreciable amunts f disslved H 2 S. Special care must be taken when the manhle cvers f tank cars r tank trucks are pened. See the H 2 S sectin abve fr mre infrmatin Mercury Only trained and certified wrkers are permitted t handle mercury. Mercury must be handled with great care and precautins shuld be taken against its inherent dangers. Harm may ccur if mercury is absrbed thrugh the skin r if its vaprs are inhaled. A vehicle r clsed rm in which mercury has been spilled shuld be immediately ventilated and cleaned up. Meter-testing equipment shuld nt be placed inside truck cabs where mercury may be spilled r blwn ut. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 11 f 14

12 Special mercury cleanup prcedures are necessary t avid and minimize generatin f vaprs. Cntact the Safety Department fr guidelines n handling mercury spills. Shuld mercury be spilled n clthing, remve the clthing immediately and wash expsed skin areas thrughly. Meals must nt be eaten in rms where mercury is handled. Mercury shuld nt be allwed t cme in cntact with ammnia r ammnia vapr as a dangerus explsive mixture will result. Persnnel must remember this warning when using mercury manmeters t measure the flw f ammnia. Mercury must nt cme in cntact with any aluminum equipment, as the mercury will disslve the aluminum. Methyl Alchl (CH3OH) Methyl alchl is als identified as methanl, wd alchl and carbinl. It will have adverse effects n the bdy if swallwed, inhaled, r if it cmes in cntact with the skin r eyes. Emplyees wh handle methyl alchl must use impervius clthing, glves, gggles, and full-face shields. In areas where methyl alchl is handled, prcessed r stred, smking and ignitin surces f any type are prhibited. In the event f a spill r leak, persns nt wearing full prtective clthing and apprved respiratrs must be restricted frm the area until the cleanup has been cmpleted. If methyl alchl cmes int cntact with the skin, immediately flush the expsed area with water. Nitrgen Nitrgen is clrless, drless, and inert. If used in an area with inadequate ventilatin, it can be dangerus. It will displace xygen and can cause suffcatin. If a persn inhales pure nitrgen, uncnsciusness can ccur immediately. Liquid nitrgen has a biling pint f -320F and can cause severe frstbite r burn if it is allwed t cme in cntact with unprtected skin. N ne shuld enter a vessel cntaining nitrgen until adequate xygen is knwn t be present. When using large vlumes f nitrgen t purge vessels and piping, in areas with pr ventilatin, the ambient-air xygen cntent must be mnitred. If a high vlume f nitrgen is released t the atmsphere, all persnnel must stay at least 50 feet frm the pint f release. Steps shuld be taken t determine the xygen cntent in the vicinity f the release. Plychlrinated Biphenyls (PCB'S) Plychlrinated biphenyls (PCB's) are in use in high temperature dielectric ils in electrical transfrmers and ther similar equipment. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 12 f 14

13 The use f PCB's is being phased ut and is nt apprved fr replacement r new installatins. Sulfur Dixide (SO 2 ) Sulfur dixide (SO 2 ) is present wherever H 2 S sur gas/flue gas streams and/r sulfur are burned. SO 2 is generally present at plant flares, in the vapr spaces f mlten sulfur pits, and in the sulfur reactrs and sulfur lading racks when lading trucks and rail cars with mlten sulfur. A cncentratin f ppm f SO 2 is immediately dangerus t life. Hwever, unlike H 2 S, SO 2 des have its wn warning mechanism at lw levels (10-20 ppm) which cntinues with higher cncentratins. It causes severe eye irritatin and tears. SO 2 is a clrless gas with a pungent, burned match r rtten egg dr. It is heavier than air when cncentrated and will settle in lw areas, but like H 2 S, is easily mixed with the wind current f air. It is nt flammable. The fllwing can result frm SO 2 inhalatin: Eye and thrat irritatin, chking, cughing and in sme instances, labred breathing and tightness in chest can ccur at lwer cncentratins. The abve effects are mre intense and severe at higher cncentratins and cannt be tlerated. SO 2 inhalatin can be fatal via swelling (edema) f the lungs and upper respiratry tract. SO 2 n mist skin frms sulfurus acid and causes irritatin. Wash mist skin affected by SO 2 gas expsure. Persnal SO 2 mnitrs must be wrn at all times when wrking in client facilities where SO 2 is an identified hazard. When any SO 2 alarm sunds, all cntactr persnnel in the area must evacuate the area by ging crss-wind and up-wind t a safe area r designated assembly area and reprt the alarm cnditin using client apprved emergency reprting requirements. Persnal SO 2 mnitrs are set t alarm at 2 PPM. Persnal SO 2 mnitrs must be wrn within 15 inches f the nse (the breathing zne), frward f the ears and must nt be cvered by any clthing such as cveralls, raincats, r ther material. Persnal SO 2 mnitrs must be functin tested daily and bump tested mnthly. Synthetic Oil Synthetic il is petrleum-base lube il that cntains chemical additives that reduce frictin and increase the lube il's effective life. It is used in peratins when a manufacturer recmmends its use fr their equipment. Synthetic il shuld nt cntact the skin. If such cntact ccurs, the expsed area shuld be flushed immediately with water. Because synthetic il can have unknwn "prprietary" chemical additives, emplyees shuld avid any lng-term breathing f the vaprs released by these prducts. Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 13 f 14

14 6. References Fed/OSHA Cal/OSHA MSHA 29 CFR Hazard Cmmunicatin 29 CFR Hazard Cmmunicatin 8 CCR Hazard Cmmunicatin 30 CFR 47 - Hazard Cmmunicatin Reviewed Date: 08/15 Page 14 f 14