THE OHIO HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION

Transcription

1 THE OHIO HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION APPROVED WRESTLING OFFICIATING MECHANICS & PROCEDURES SEASON Seventh editin Jim Vreeland, Directr f Officiating Wrestling Develpment Beau Rugg, Directr f Officiating and Sprt Management August 1, 2018 Cpyright 2018 The Green Bk Pise and cnfidence will cme frm cnditining, skill and team spirit. T have pise and be truly cnfident, yu must be in cnditin, knw yu are fundamentally sund, and pssess the prper team attitude. Jhn Wden UCLA Basketball Cach 1

2 ATTENTION This mechanics and prcedures manual are accepted as standard practice fr Ohi high schl and junir high schl levels. This mechanics manual is written t prvide every Ohi schlastic wrestling referee cnsistent explanatins f the why s and hw s t apprach prper prcedures and mechanics while fficiating. Our schlastic referees wrk with yung men and wmen wh range frm 13 t 18 years f age. The high schl and junir high wrestlers are develping their physical, mental, and psychlgical grwth. Bne grwth and muscular develpment are tw very imprtant develpmental issues that play a very pivtal rle in hw ur schlastic wrestling fficials evaluate every wrestling match. Fr a variety f safety reasns, the Ohi High Schl Athletic Assciatin thrugh their State Rule Interpreters and the Directr f Officiating Develpment have strict mechanics and accepted prcedures that all Ohi wrestling referees must fllw. Ohi schlastic wrestling referees are a team. All need t be part f the same team. Cnsistency invlves every aspect f the sprt, and begins the first weekend. DO IT RIGHT FROM THE FIRST MATCH TO YOUR LAST OF THE SEASON Beau Rugg, OHSAA Senir Directr f Officiating and Sprt Management Jim Vreeland, OHSAA Wrestling DOD, SRI Ray Anthny, OHSAA Wrestling SRI Dick Lewentsine, OHSAA Wrestling SRI Psture Indicates Intentin 2

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Biting 22 Flagrant Miscnduct Bld, Injury & Recvery Time. 14 Mechanic Signals 16 Captains & Disc Tss.. 7 Cncussin Prtcl 15 Cnference 25 Crrectable Errrs 27 Fleeing 20 Mechanic Signals 9 Neutral Psitin 8 Assistant Referee. 8 NFHS OB & Supprting Pints.. 33 NFHS Skin Frm 30 OHSAA BBP & Clean-up.. 32 Ptentially Dangerus. 23 Pre-Meet Duties 3 Lcker Rm Visit 6 Referee s Psitin 10 Assistant referee. 12 Near Fall Mechanics. 13 Referee s Unifrm. 3 Stalemate.. 24 Stalling 17 Neutral 18 Offensive 19 Defensive 20 Technical Vilatins 20 Warning r Penalize 26 Weigh-in. 4 The seventh editin f a MECHANICS & PROCEDURE MANUAL is dedicated t the entire Officiating& Media teams at the Ohi High Schl Athletic Assciatin ffice. Beau Rugg, Tyler Brks, Angie Lawler, Ben Ferree and Tim Stried wrk n behalf f the Ohi athletic cmmunity. They prvide excellent athletic pprtunities fr Ohi yuth. Cntact the OHSAA The OWOA clinic is set fr Nvember 10, 2018 At The Ohi Fire Academy, 8895 E Main St, Reynldsburg, OH :30 AM registratin, 9:00AM clinic w/ lunch prvided. Please plan t attend with yur lcal membership 3

4 OHIO WRESTLING OFFICIALS MECHANICS, POSITIONING & PROCEDURES MANUAL THE GREEN BOOK OFFICIAL S UNIFORM Required Unifrm: The gray pin stripe shirt is cmpletely mandatry fr the seasn. The American flag is wrn n the left shulder with a green OHSAA lg n the left breast area f the shirt. Black full length trusers, black scks, black fficiating shes and black belt if necessary. Emblems and patches are nt permitted n the fficiating unifrm. Exceptin: An American flag patch/emblem is ptinal and, if wrn, shall be n the left sleeve apprximately tw inches belw the shulder with the star field facing t the frnt. Jewelry shall nt be wrn except fr a wedding band and/r a medical alert necklace r bracelet. A religius medallin which is nt visible is permitted. A watch/timing device is permitted nly when an fficial has a duty fr timing during the cntest, and shall be wrn under the wrist band. A black warm-up jacket with OWOA lg is required fr all varsity fficials. Red & green wrist bands, clred flip disc, recmmend a black plastic whistle with a black lanyard. The whistle must be lud enugh t be heard at large multi-team events. A black plastic pea-less whistle is recmmended fr use. Every fficial shuld carry an extra whistle in his/her jacket. FOUR IMPORTANT ISSUES Please pay attentin t the fllwing: Cncussin prtcl (OHIO HB 143); must be renewed every third year Cntagius skin cnditins; Dermatlgist s nte Ptentially dangerus calls; athlete s safety Ohi allws middle schl t cnsist f 7 th & 8 th grade athletes; 6 th graders may nt cmpete. PRE - MEET DUTIES Appear at event site dressed apprpriately. The referee has jurisdictin ver the event nce he/she arrives at the site. Shirt and tie is nice if cming directly frm the wrk place, But raggedy jeans with hles d nt set the crrect tne. Immediately find the Athletic Directr / Wrestling Cach. First intrduce yurself. Example: Gd evening, I m the wrestling referee fr tnight s match; culd yu please direct me t the lcker rm t find the Wrestling Cach. The referee shuld arrive a minimum f ne hur prir t the start f the match. Yu may want t appear at the hst schl a little earlier, if invlved w/ weigh-ins t give yurself enugh time t find yur lcker facility, and get int unifrm. Begin yur duties as a prfessinal, prperly dressed, with yur warm up jacket n begins t send the apprpriate message t everyne abut yur cnduct and ability. The referee s respnsibilities begin by cnducting the randm draw fr dual meet events. It is apprpriate fr the fficial ask the visiting cach t make the randm draw selectin. The randm draw weight class is als the beginning weight class t weigh-in. The wrestling referee has fur necessary pieces f equipment; black lanyard & whistle, red & green wristbands, a randm draw kit and a clred flip disc. It may als be advisable t carry a spare whistle in yur warm up jacket pcket. 4

5 WEIGH-INS & HEALTH CHECK Cpy f up t date skin frm in back f manual By NFHS rule and Ohi regulatin every wrestler must make scratch weight each time he/she drps int a next lwer weight class. N extra punds may be utilized t make scratch, riginal scratch weight. May weigh in with lw ankle scks & Require all participants t present any special equipment at the weigh-in. During the pre-meet prcess it is imprtant t ask the caches several questins. Ask if there are any valid physician s ntes fr any athletes wh have a suspicius skin cnditin. Skin ntes must be n the NFHS apprve skin frm & In the weigh-in rm when it is requested. Cach may nt take wrestler t the lcal ER then return with a nte. The cach is respnsible t check his athletes regularly The referee is the last line f defense t prtect everyne frm the spread f any cnditin. Skin ntes must be the riginal frm signed by a physician D nt a Xerx cpy, r signed by nurse, LPN, PA D nt accept a nte n an Rx pad, r letter frm a physician D nt accept a picture cpy n a tablet, I-pad, etc. It must be n the apprved NFHS skin frm, and be prperly cmpleted If the nte is invalid fr any reasn If the lesins appear in ther places than thse marked n the bdy diagram, If the lesins are still mist, cream clred pustules r scabbed The fficial has the authrity t disqualify the athlete frm cmpetitin. The skin frm is still valid within the 10 day time limit. Nn-cntagius ntes are valid thrugh-ut the entire seasn. If an MD, DO r Dermatlgist is the designated n-site physician present, his/her decisin is final ver a frm. And there shuld be n argument r disagreement with the physician. If an MD, DO r Dermatlgist stipulates the athlete may wrestle if it is cvered, ask is it is cntagius? NFHS des nt allw a cntagius skin cnditin t be cvered t wrestle. If the physician says it may still be cntagius, then the wrestler must be disqualified. As the inspectin prcess begins always be aware f the skin while lking at the ther aspects. Read the dctr s nte carefully, and check the dates he/she has stipulated the wrestler may return t cmpetitin, alng with the bdy diagram. Many caches carry their ntes t every match, nt knwing the referee, and hw each may perceive the skin prblem. The physician s nte must be in the scale rm. The Ohi High Schl Athletic Assciatin as recmmended by its Jint Advisry Cmmittee n Sprts Medicine has adpted the plicy t require that it be a physician, defined as a medical dctr (MD) r dctr f stepathy (DO) wh is authrized t clear a wrestler fr cntinued participatin in this sprt. In additin, Certified Nurse Practitiners r Physician s Assistants (PA) wh wrk in a dermatlgy practice as identified n the list fund n the link belw are eligible t sign this frm a return the student t participatin. { SPECIAL ACCOMODATIOINS FROM OHSAA: Special needs may require the OHSAA t allw special accmmdatins fr sme athletes t participate. The cach must present the fficial with the special accmmdatins letter prir t weigh-in. Special accmmdatins may include but nt limited t the fllwing; yuth ankle mnitr medical device, medical mnitr, amputee needs, blind, deaf and transgender rulings t name a few. The fficial simply needs t fllw the specific directins set frth in the accmmdatins letter. Any special accmmdatin letter is valid nly fr the sprt seasn in sessin. Begin the inspectin f cntestants, Remember the inspectin is t make sure the wrestlers cmply with a set f health and safety standards set frth by the NFHS/OHSAA. 5

6 These health standards are t ensure all the cntestants, including the referees, tapers, etc. all have a safe envirnment in which t cmpete. Inspect the athletes befre the cach / trainer des any taping. Suggested pattern f inspectin; A. Check fingernails, B. Check the cntestant s length f hair, Shirt cllar length, eyebrws & side burns Grwth f the beard (beard basket), Mustache, Shaved heads, Lk arund the frnt and side f the face & frehead, And, check under the chin t lk in the neck regin. C. Cntinue the skin inspectin by thrughly scanning dwn the length f the bdy. Get in the same rhythm r pattern as yu mve thrugh the line-ups. D. Raise the wrestler s arms t examine the sides, under the armpits, and the underside f the arms. E. With the frnt inspectin cmplete, spin the cntestant arund t begin the rear side inspectin. Start at the tp, begin with the hair, and check the length in the back. Be satisfied it wuld nt hang ver a nrmal shirt cllar. F. Cntinue the skin inspectin by lking carefully arund the back f the neck, dwn acrss the shulders thrugh the lwer back, and cmpleting the inspectin with a clse lk at the back f the knees. When yu find any part f the cntestant inspectin prcess that des nt satisfactrily meet with yur apprval, prmptly ask the wrestler t clip the nails, shave, trim the hair length, r clean up the mustache, etc. It is wise t have an extra persn recrding the actual weights place a capital M(mustache), N(nails), S(shave), r T(trim hair) next t the name / weight class f any wrestler wh des nt cmpletely meet the health inspectin. NOTE: Remember, a participant may have lng hair, and chse t wear an apprved hair cap. The hair cap is cnsidered a piece f special equipment, and must be attached t the head gear. It is nt allwed t be abrasive. The individual referee at the start f each event must apprve it. The wrestler may als need t wear a hair cap, which will be attached t head gear. If his clean-shaven head has stubble grwth it may be cnsidered abrasive. Alng the same lines, a cntestant may chse t wear a face mask if he has facial hair. When a cntestant has a suspicius skin cnditin, it is imprtant t meet the situatin withut hesitatin, and in a prfessinal manner. Sme caches and the wrestlers will begin t make a variety f statements dismissing the skin prblem. Oh, that s a mat burn, it s a pimple that I just squeezed, that wasn t there yesterday, the referee s last weekend didn t say anything abut it, and the list cntinues. Suggestins t handle pssible cntagius skin prblems. Dn t make statements suggesting what yu think the skin cnditin is Yu are nt a physician. Yu are the referee, and part f the referee s respnsibility is t recgnize a pssible suspicius cntagius skin prblem fr the safety f all wh cmpete n the mat. It is the cach s respnsibility t lk ut fr the safety f his wrestlers, and the referee lks ut fr all. If the cach cannt present prf his wrestler is clean f any cntagius skin fungus, bacteria, virus, staph infectin, etc., the referee must tell the cach and wrestler he/she will nt be allwed t cmpete in tnight s match. All referees shuld take the necessary time t familiarize themselves with the characteristics f all skin prblems. Tday s wrestling referee shuld knw the signs and symptms f each; ringwrm, impetig, shingles, scabies, herpes, MRSA and staph t name the mst frequently seen. Withut an nsite physician, the match referee has the jurisdictin and the authrity nt t accept a NFHS skin frm if it is nt prperly cmpleted, if it is written in a letter frm, written n the Rx pad, new lesins have appeared that are nt depicted n the bdy gram n the apprved frm, and/r the existing cnditin cntinues t appear unsafe fr cmpetitin. 6

7 All cntestants must weigh-in with apprpriate undergarment(s); this includes bth men and wmen. All cntestants must als wear an apprpriate undergarment during cmpetitin. Fr the yung wmen this als includes a sprts bra and legal t-shirt based n NFHS rule. Upn cmpletin f the weigh-ins, the referee shuld sign the weigh-in sheet fr verificatin, s all caches get a cpy fr their recrds t verify certificatin cmpliance. NOTE: There are a grwing number f female wrestlers cmpeting with wrestling prgrams at all levels. The same rules apply t all wrestlers, that is, first pass the grming and safety check, and secnd make weight. NFHS Rule and the OHSAA has adpted a prcedural plicy that the same gender sex perfrms the weigh-in and skin check. Therefre, a male referee will need t ask a female (preferably frm each schl) t check the female wrestler s weight (secretary, mm, etc.). Next, they will als need t check fr pssible skin prblems. Give the ladies the necessary instructins, and trust their effrts applying the same rules t the female wrestler that yu have applied t the yung men. Yung ladies als need t weigh in wearing apprpriate undergarments. The referee may check the expsed areas. At the present time all yung ladies must wear an apprved t-shirt alng with apprpriate under garments and unifrm. INSPECT THE WRESTLING AREA After the cnclusin f weigh-ins the meet referee shuld walk the wrestling mat and inspect the mat and markings. Als inspect distance/prximity and relatinship t the team benches, the screr s table and the wrestling area. Make sure there is five (5) feet f fringe prtectin mat arund the cmpetitin area. While n the flr, remember t discuss with the timer and bth the hme and visiting scre keepers their duties and any necessary directins. Imprtant nt t let anyne interfere with the team at the table. They must nt be distracted. Ask all table wrkers t leave any electrnic devices put away. This includes, but nt limited t the fllwing; cell phnes, tablets, I pads, I-pds, smart phnes, and laptp cmputers. Supprt the team at the table they can make the match much easier. Wrkers must nt be using their cell phne r texting, fcus n the match. Nte: Nt nly shuld the table wrkers keep electrnic devises put away, that als ges fr the fficials. It lks inapprpriate fr a sprts fficial sitting at the table playing cell phne games while all arund him/her a schlastic turnament is being cntested. The NFHS and OHSAA expect all t pay 100% attentin t the task f being an fficial at the event. PRE-MATCH LOCKER ROOM TALK This needs t be 3-5 minutes prcess. Yu get ne chance at a first impressin. This is the final time and place t impress the teams with wh is in charge f the match, and that yur knwledge f the sprt f wrestling will be impartial during the evenings cntest. After inspecting the wrestling area, and talking with the team at the table, it is imprtant t visit each team in the lcker rm t set dwn a few grund rules. This begins by asking the cach if his team is prperly equipped and ready t wrestle. When the cach replies yes, he is telling yu his team is legal and ready t cmpete with regards t a few respects. 1. Cntestants are all wearing a legal under garment 2. Any taping is legal and will allw nrmal legal hlds & full range f mtin 3. Unifrms and shes are legal; shelaces are prperly secured, with all eyelets laced. Secured: a zipper puch, a Velcr flap r taped arund the ankle. 4. There is n pass n the first ffense fr laces nt being secured 5. Headgear (may crss straps w/ ear hles pen) and kneepads are legal (n lse knee pads) 6. N tape n head gear r shes The pre-match instructins t the wrestlers / caches prir t the start f the match may include, but nt limited t the fllwing; Remind the wrestlers they are t wrestle aggressively fr six minutes, and wrk in the center circle. 7

8 Remind all cntestants f three basic cmmands Center - Actin - Cntact Ask if there are any questins and wish the team gd luck tnight. It is recmmended all referees start each wrestling seasn ding a better than average jb with the explanatins t the teams. It is felt we make the end f the seasn easier fr each ther if we take the extra time at the beginning f the seasn. There are always a few new rules changes that need t be better explained, and there might be sme questins that need t be cleared up. Nte: Officials need be aware f the new tw-piece alternative unifrm; a tight fitting shirt which must stay tucked in the shrts. The shrts may be tight r lse fitting with a draw sting inside the elastic waist and nt cver the knee. CAPTAINS / COIN TOSS In the center f the mat, meet with the team captains. Remind them they are t assist the cach with sprtsmanship frm the team bench. Prper prcedure; ask a visiting captain t call the clr f the disc (NFHS call the cin ). Winner f the disc tss has chice f even r dd matches, with the first match determined by the randm draw. Always allw the disc t hit the wrestling mat. Gd luck and get n with the match. If it is a dual meet turnament, by selecting the team t be red als determines the visiting team. The referee is cnsidered the expert, and has full authrity at the wrestling match. Every referee must read / study the Natinal Federatin Rule Bk, the Case Manual and Green Bk n a regular basis. Every referee shuld be cmfrtable applying the rules based n criteria t supprt each call. Use gd judgment and apply sund cmmn sense when necessary. Treat thse yu meet with respect, dignity and in a well-mannered tne f vice frm the mment yu enter the building. Act and cnduct yurself the way yu wuld like t be treated. Be cnfident frm the beginning, and prud f the jb yu did as yu drive away. Reprting t the Mat: Make sure that the crrect wrestlers have reprted fr check-in at the screr s table. Duble check the prper wrestlers and weight class have reprted directly t the center f the mat. Make sure that the wrestlers are legally equipped, prperly grmed and ready t wrestle. Ensure that bth wrestlers extend their right hands fr a prper pre-match handshake. Referee Mechanics in Neutral Situatins Wrestler s Psitin in Neutral Start: Bth wrestlers must place ne ft n their respective starting line and the ther ft n r behind the line r the line extended. Hands and/r freheads cannt tuch the ppnent. Wrestlers must be standing n tw pints, n ther bdy parts tuching the mat in frnt f lead ft. Bth wrestlers must be statinary until the whistle sunds (n rlling starts). Start f the Match: Make sure wrestlers are in prper psitin and statinary. The referee shuld step in between the wrestlers with an ut stretched arm between the red and green starting lines. Make sure this psitin des nt interfere with the wrestlers, either their view each ther r by tuching the athletes. The referee shuld be statinary and facing the screr s table. Make eye cntact with the time keeper. Sund yur whistle and simultaneusly make a visual hand/arm mtin t start the match. Mve ut quickly and back yur way twards uter bundary line. 8

9 Glance up mmentarily t insure that the clck has prperly started. Always keep bth wrestlers in yur line f sight as yu back ut. The whistle shuld remain in the fficial s muth. Neutral Standing Psitin: Situate yurself s that yu are far enugh away frm the wrestling t bserve the actin and nt interfere with sudden changes in psitin. Be clse enugh t immediately repsitin yurself t stp ptentially dangerus and illegal maneuvers. Six t nine (6-9) feet is suggested, find yur cmfrtable space. A wider range allws greater perspective. Knw hw varius takedwns finish s yu knw where t psitin yurself t stay ut f the way and t bserve cntrl as it is established. Always situate yurself t be centered and able t lk between bth wrestlers as they face each ther. Anticipate psitin. D nt chase the actin; stp and let the actin cme back t yu. Smetimes mving cunter t the wrestlers rtatin is mre effective. Square yurself t the actin. Change levels and be mbile in rder t be in prper psitin t bserve; bend knees drp hips. It is imprtant t ludly verbalize the award f takedwn pints t affrd the pprtunity t the scring wrestler t release the lcked hands withut penalty. Award pints in a cnfident manner using apprved hand signals with eye cntact maintained strictly n the athletes. Trust the table team t d their jb crrectly; fcus n the wrestlers. Bundary Line: On r near the bundary line, the referee shuld be in a psitin t bserve the lcatin f the supprting pints f each wrestler. Straddling the line is ne psitin, and getting perpendicular t the wrestlers als affrds the referee a greater pprtunity t catch n the O-B line; safety first. Call ut f bunds by the letter f the rule and be cnsistent frm call t call. Use prper hand mechanics w/ simultaneus whistle. Always keep safety in mind. Be ready t repsitin yurself t prtect wrestlers heading ut f bunds. May have t sund a pre-mature whistle when safety is a cncern. When pssible, n feet-in takedwns award the earned pints befre sunding yur whistle. Award pints in the prper sequence as they ccurred. Be patient, d nt verly anticipate an ut f bunds situatin ccurring. Cntrl yur whistle until yu are sure a situatin finishes ut f bunds. Hip-Tss and thrws, especially t the back w/ shulder(s)/scapulae are in near fall criteria and are the nly bdy part(s) in bunds. The referee may verbally request that bth wrestlers wrk center (d nt cach with cmments). If n actin is ccurring at the bundary line, the fficial may restart the wrestlers in neutral psitin. Where/when pssible, pints shuld be awarded prir t whistle. Attacking Wrestler Dwn n the Mat Scrambling Fr a Scre: Psitin yurself square (perpendicular) t the actin: Defensive wrestler is sitting n mat with attacking wrestler s arms lcked arund bth thighs (crtchlck, waist-lck, duble under hk) When cntrl is gained verbalize awarded pints, Likewise, verbalize n cntrl w/ prper mechanic if scramble remains neutral. Anticipate the actin t stay ahead f it. Yu may have t circle in the ppsite directin t catch-up t the actin. Assistant Referee (AR): 9

10 First n & last ff f the mat, be active, and assist with the same latitude f mbility as the referee. Match referee always passes n inside path when crssing, AR n clser than the referee. Mirrr the referee w/ the freedm t be cmpletely mbile arund mat. (Apprximately 180º ppsite). AR has freedm t mve t seek his/her best psitin t cmplement the HO making calls. AR shuld mve and be in psitin t be the extra pair f eyes when and where they are needed. Lwer level t lk underneath in tie-up and head lck situatins. Mvement and cmmunicatin shuld be cnstant and are the keys fr success. The AR shuld nt yell acrss the mat, rather mve t circle behind the HO and make yur statement If the AR questins a situatin, he/she shuld cnference at the apprpriate time. Cnference away frm caches. Bring infractins t the referee's immediate attentin. Cver the frnt side (when actin rtates twards yu) and wait fr the referee t catch up t the actin befre rtating 180. Be respnsible fr the time. Make sure the clck starts and stps n the referee s whistle. Plice the designated caches area. Assist the referee with injury, recvery and bld time prtcl (discuss respnsibilities befre the match). On bundary situatins, be in psitin t insure the safety f the wrestlers ging ut-f-bunds. The AR must help catch /prtect the wrestlers frm injury; Ging int the table, a wall/stage, etc. Be immediately available t give yur pinin n a situatin when asked by the referee. Never be afraid t vice an pinin t the HO; the AR may agree, disagree r have n pinin. Supprt the referee when a clse but crrect call is made. Never cmmunicate with a cach. Direct the cach t the match referee. Be in psitin t watch the clck w/ wrestlers in yur field f visin during the last 10 secnds f the perid. Anticipatin is essential fr the AR. Mechanic Hand Signals The fllwing hand signals are the nly apprved hand mechanics that shuld be used during the referee executing his/her jb n the mat. Officers f each lcal assciatin must review these mechanics during yur lcal assciatin meetings. Only authrized apprved mechanic signals must be utilized. Spectatrs must understand the sprt and table wrkers the scre. Starting the Match Stpping the Match Time Out Illegal Hld Near-Fall: 2, 3 r 4 pts N Cntrl Out-f-Bund Cach Miscnduct 10

11 Indicates Cntrl Defer Chice Stalemate Reversal Cautin-False Start r Stalling Interlcking Hands r Technical Vilatin Incrrect Starting Prcedure Grasping Clthing Awarding Pints Neural Unsprtsmanlike Flagrant Miscnduct Cnduct Ptentially Dangerus Unnecessary Rughness Match ends Technical Fall Disqualificatin r Default Nte: Prper mechanics t award the escape pint is the fllwing sequence; ne-hand ne-pint in the air, fllwed with the signal fr neutral being earned. Referee Mechanics in Mat Wrestling Situatins Start f the Referee's Psitin: First and fremst the hand mvement shuld be simple and simultaneus with the whistle. As with ther hand signals, the hand mtin is als fr the table, caches, and fans. Hit the whistle hard and lud! If yur matches have an inrdinate number f false starts, it is pssibly the fficial causing the prblem. Be statinary & vary whistle. Setting in the Referee s Psitin: 12 clck is in reference t the heads f wrestlers 11

12 The referee shuld t be at an angle (right r left f center) t the wrestlers. If the wrestler s are 12 'clck, the referee shuld t be at 10 r 2 clck. He/she shuld typically be ppsite the "near side", r as we say n the pen side f the wrestlers. The referee shuld stand (may lwer level t view the palm) and mve several steps t the pen side f the wrestlers. This gives the referee the ability t see the placement f the ffensive wrestler's head in the mid-line, the palm n the navel, the palm n the elbw, and the back ft. D nt be ut n the edge f the circle that is t far away! (8-10 feet is prper) T imprve the view f the near side back ft, mve sides t make sure it t is legal. The defensive wrestler gets in psitin and set first, then the referee will directs the ffensive wrestler t "cver", nce legal and statinary start the match with a simultaneus hand signal and whistle. Remember a brief pause mmentarily befre the referee give a simultaneus hand signal and whistle start. D nt allw the tp wrestler t rck the bttm wrestler ff his base - cautin The referee shuld be statinary and ever vigilant t bserve rlling and false starts. Wrking with an Assistant: The referee will want the assistant psitined t bserve the palm n naval, knee n hip and back feet. If the mat referee is at 2 'clck, the assistant will be at 8 clck (r 4 clck & 10 clck). Have view f clck fr bth starts and stps. Mvement as Wrestling Cntinues: After the start and thrughut the mat wrestling, the fficial wants t be primarily at the head & shulders f the wrestlers, suggested six t nine feet frm the wrestlers. As the ffensive wrestler breaks his ppnent dwn and applies bars, wings, pwer halves r cmes clser t near falls, the referee may mve clser in psitin t stp ptentially dangerus hlds as nt t miss near falls. Vary distance frm wrestlers depending n situatin. The referee shuld be in a psitin t blck r stp ptentially dangerus situatins BEFORE they becme illegal. When the defensive man cmes t his feet: As the defensive wrestler makes it t his/her feet, the referee shuld cme t the head /shulders f the wrestlers nce again. The referee shuld pay particular attentin t hand cntrl and fingers. The tp man has the respnsibility t attempt t return defensive wrestler t the mat, as per NFHS rule, he will be called fr stalling. The key being an hnest attempt. If the ffensive man is attempting t return his ppnent t the mat he is nt stalling! We d nt stp match when making the stalling call in this situatin (this call is made n the fly). In a rear standing psitin, the referee must anticipate the ffensive man thrwing his ppnent 180 degrees, and be ready t mve t that psitin. If an assistant is invlved, he/she shuld be in psitin t bserve that actin. If the defensive man's arm r arms are barred, lcked t his side, r in any ther way the defensive man is rendered unable t prtect himself when cming t the mat, the referee must stp the match as ptentially dangerus and be in a psitin t catch r break the defensive man's fall. It helps n any lift, t use a cmmand f "keep it legal". Successful men usually snatch success frm seeming failure. Thmas Jeffersn, 3 rd President U.S. On the ut f bund line: 12

13 The referee will still be at the head/shulder side f wrestlers, but fcus will shift t supprting pint(s) (shulders, buttcks, knees, and feet, t determine in r ut f bunds). Vary clseness t wrestlers based n the situatin. Referee shuld take best psitin t see mst imprtant actin while prtecting the ut f bunds, The referee shuld visually scan the wrestlers and the bundary line. When the wrestlers are facing the bundary n the mat r standing psitin, the referee shuld be psitined n the bundary between the wrestlers and fllw them t the center using cmmands f "center, center". Make sure the cmmand is lud and frceful. While returning t the center the referee shuld walk between the wrestlers, never in frnt f the pair. The referee may anticipate a stalling, r fleeing call. D nt turn yur back t wrestlers. As the wrestlers mve tward the OB line, the HO and the AR shuld pinch clser tgether t herd them in. Based n the new ut f bunds near fall criteria; the fllwing will be Ohi s prtcl. Since the NFHS rule cmmittee s intent was t allw near fall scring n the ut f bunds line similar t that f scring a takedwn, an escape r a reversal, and Since wrestling can cntinue and a takedwn scred with ne wrestler standing in bunds hlding a single leg while the ppnent is standing n ne leg ut f bunds, and If the attacking wrestler lifts his ppnent with a duble leg, then step ut f bunds and the pair f wrestlers are bth cnsidered ut f bunds Then Ohi s interpretatin f the ut f bunds near fall will be the fllwing; If the ut f bunds wrestler is in near fall, wrestling will cntinue when either bth knees are in bunds, and may be n the mat r ff the mat. The tes, heels may be the supprting pints. If ne knee is in bunds supprting his weight with the ther knee ff the mat and that te is n mat. Wrestling shall be stpped and the wrestlers deemed t be ut f bunds when the knees are lifted ff the mat, and pass acrss the OB line. Wrestlers are in bunds when tw supprting pints f either wrestler are in bunds r ne supprting pint f each is in bunds. (This is ppsite f the past definitin f OB) It is necessary t be cnsistent with respect t scring n the ut f bunds line when scring takedwns, escapes and reversal, then we need t be cnsistent with respect t the supprting pints f the ffensive wrestler being inbunds r ut f bunds. Our abve interpretatin is cnsistent with respect t scring n the ut f bunds line, makes cmmn sense and fllws the intent f the rule and the cmmittee s reasning fr the new near fall scring rules ut f bunds. The Assistant Referee (AR): The AR has nly tw signals; the C fr cautin/starting vilatins r clasp hand vilatin. The referee shuld clearly identify his/her expectatins f the AR. The AR must be aggressive enugh t pint ut when he/she disagrees with the referee, but passive enugh t knw the call is the ultimate respnsibility f the referee. The referee shuld always call the match as thugh he/she has n AR. The referee shuld nt cnfer with the AR befre the call. Generally, a cnference happens after a call, away frm the caches and wrestlers. The cnference is brief and t the pint. The match referee shuld receive the pinin f the AR, Then share his/her thughts if necessary remember it is brief but thrugh. First pririty is t get it right, then fllw prcedure with respect t mechanics. If a disagreement exists, the Head Referee makes a final decisin and the match mves frward. The AR shuld be ppsite the referee unless the referee specifies therwise. The AR shuld always be in a psitin t identify illegal hlds, technical vilatins, ptentially dangerus situatins, and scring maneuvers that g away frm the referee. 13

14 The AR shuld ntify the referee immediately f illegal r unsafe situatin. It is up t the referee t stp the match shuld it becme necessary. The AR is respnsible fr the timing and the clck. The AR shuld have a direct line t see the clck start and stp n the whistle. The AR shuld assist with any crrectin n the clck that is necessary. The AR may cunt dwn fur, three, tw, ne time! (especially if n tapper is present). The AR must help catch /prtect the wrestlers frm injury; Ging int the table, a wall/stage, etc. Nte: The AR shuld nt traverse acrss the center f the mat t get back int the actin. Anticipatin is essential. Referee Mechanics in Near Fall Situatins Directly frm the FEET: Fllw the flw f the actin. When the back f the defensive wrestler is expsed, (wrk t be dwn n the mat) directly underneath the head f the wrestler n his back, this gives the best vantage psitin t view bth shulders/scapulae. Be in apprpriate psitin ASAP, anticipate takedwn directly t near fall. Maintain a silent cunt while getting dwn n the mat if the scapulae are in criteria. D nt place r reach a hand under the scapulae r shulders f the defensive wrestler. The referee may need t mve ff t ne side r the ther. Lk underneath, while als lking at actin happening arund the face, hands in the face, eyes, etc. Frm the MAT: As actin is happening, start lwering yur bdy, get in a ready psitin t see the near fall cming. The referee must anticipate wrestling skills, t mve int psitin. Once criteria is met, give a clear precise, verbal and visual cunt, thusand ne, thusand tw, thusand three, thusand fur, thusand five. Bend at the elbw; bring it int the chest and then ut. Verbal cunt is critical fr bth wrestlers, while visual signal imprtant t fr the caches, fans and table. The advantage t this is yur ding tw things at nce, this allws everyne arund t see and understand what yu are ding, and where yu in the prcess. This als slws dwn yur cunt t a true five secnds. It als allws yu an ut. If there is nt a full swipe f the arm, tell the cach yu didn t have a full tw secnds, therefre n pints. The referee shuld be dwn n the mat when the near fall happens. Anticipating a Tilt: Ready yurself t be able t mve t where the back will be expsed. Anticipate the tilt; psitin yurself at the head f the defensive wrestler ready t see the NF. Start the cunt nce the defensive wrestler is restrained in criteria. Once a five cunt is attained, put yur three fingers dwn n the mat (hlding three pints). Reasn fr this is the ffensive wrestler may rll him back t his stmach, it s the same hld. Once the ffensive wrestler lets g f the arm and allws the defensive wrestler t base ut, clear his arm, and can defend himself, the referee can then award the pints (it may be tw pints if yu nly gt a tw, three, r fur cunt). Keep an eye n the ffensive wrestler s back, nce in a while he may pull his ppnent ver the tp f himself, pssibly pinning himself. DO NOT MAKE UP HAND SIGNALS. Never make a hand gesture with fingers and thumb shwing hw clse the back is t the mat. Never make a hand signal with a hand straight up and dwn symblize a 90 degree angle. Never wave a hand back and frth These are nt apprved NFHS hand signals, and are a frm f caching. 14

15 Assistant Referee (AR) in Near Fall Situatins: Once a near fall situatin ccurs the AR shuld remain standing, hpefully ver the tp f the actin. The jb as the AR is t keep everything clean up tp. The head referee shuld be n the mat lking underneath the back f the defensive wrestler being pinned. The AR jb is t bserve the hands in the face. In an emergency, he/she may remve the fingers frm the eyes. Ntify the HO Make sure the defensive wrestler isn t ding anything illegal, the ffensive wrestler isn t ding anything illegal, r t see if the hld becmes illegal. If it becmes illegal, the AR needs t ntify the head referee, it s illegal. The decisin is predicated n if it became illegal by the bttm man ding smething t make it illegal, r the tp man made it illegal. Then the head referee will make the crrect call. Als, the AR shuld be watching the clck: tw advantages t d s. First; t see if there is either tw secnds r mre n the clck, r Secnd; if five secnds r mre is n the clck. If nt he can help determine hw many back pints shuld be awarded. This als helps with the fall call If the referee had the fall befre the clck was ut. The AR cunts dwn frm fur, three, tw, ne, then makes a crssing signal abve his head with his arms, this lets everyne knw, time is ut! (as previusly discussed w/ referee prir t event) N ther scring can ccur nw. The AR shuld wrk ppsite frm the head referee t see back side actin. As the wrestlers get in near fall criteria the AR needs t get clser t the actin, wrking t give himself/herself the best view f the head and face area f the defensive wrestler, and als a view f the clck if that is pssible. When the defensive wrestler is vilently tapping, the fficial may read this actin as a nn-verbal frm f a scream in pain, hnr the pssible injury and handle it as per nrmal stppage prcedure. CONCUSSION PROTOCOL & PROCEDURES The NFHS adpted a cncussin rule with respect t safety and stppage f the match until an Apprpriate Health-Care Prfessinal (AHCP) apprves his/her safe return. OHSAA.rg/wrestling t find OHIO HB 143. Ohi Huse Bill 143 stipulates the apprpriate educatin necessary fr all sprts fficials. This is fr either a suspected cncussin r a head injury NFHS RULE Any cntestant wh exhibits signs, symptms r behavirs cnsistent with a cncussin (such as lss f cnsciusness, headache, dizziness, cnfusin r balance prblems) shall be immediately remved frm the match and shall nt return t cmpetitin until cleared by an apprpriate health-care prfessinal. NFHS RULE A designated, n-site apprpriate health-care prfessinal wh determined a wrestler shuld nt participate, shall nt be verruled. Ohi Law: starting nw requires each sprts fficial t have taken an apprved cncussin management curse, and prvide the cmpletin certificate if required by ne f the tw listed belw. All OHSAA licensed fficials shall pssess either a current Department f Educatin-issued Pupil Activity Prgram/Caching Permit r shw evidence f cmpleting an apprved nline cncussin educatin curse as stipulated in the sectin entitled Apprved Online Cncussin Educatin Curses. This curse is valid fr three years frm the date f cmpletin. NFHS Assciatins Cncussin in Sprts - What yu Need t Knw: Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin Heads Up Cncussin in Yuth Sprts On-Line Training Prgram: - The Student-Athlete may nt return t cmpetitin the same day. The Student-Athlete may nly return t practice and/r cmpetitin after being assessed by an AHCP with written apprval frm an AHCP. 15

16 The OHSAA has prvided the referee s cncussin reprt frm n-line at OHSAA.rg. Injury, Bld r Recvery Time INJURY TIME: The wrestlers are limited t a maximum f tw injury time uts ttaling 90 secnds. The ppnent is given chice f psitin when wrestling resumes after the secnd injury time ut Giving the ppnent chice f psitin upn the cnclusin f the secnd injury time is a huge deterrent t any frm f delaying the match. The pprtunity t change the chice f psitin will ccur at any time during the match when the secnd injury time is taken. If a wrestler wuld require a third time ut fr any injury he/she wuld autmatically default the match t the ppnent. EXAMPLE: During the 30-secnd ride-ut vertime perid, and with nly seven secnds left n the time clck, wrestler A uses his secnd injury time. Wrestler B, the defensive wrestler, will have his/her chice f either tp r bttm when the match resumes. He/she may elect the tp psitin t finish the :30 secnd perid t win the ride-ut perid and the match. Remember; at the cnclusin f the: 30 secnd perid the ffensive wrestler is declared the winner and receives ne pint fr the ride-ut. BLOOD TIME: Bld time has a ttal accumulative time f five (5) minutes, with as many stppages necessary. The bld clck starts nce the referee sees bld frm either wrestler in any psitin, and at any time. The referee signals bld time by tuching his/her nse with the apprpriate clred arm band. Because f the seriusness f bld related prblems, the sight f bld takes precedence ver all else. The new rules regarding near fall situatins reward the ffensive wrestler if the defensive wrestler starts t bleed r scream. The bld clck is stpped nce the bleeding is stpped. The referee shuld signal the table t stp bld time and recrd it n the scre sheet The referee shuld then ntify bth caches f the amunt used. Any necessary cleaning f bld frm the mat, wrestlers and/r unifrms is time taken by the fficial and shall nt be used frm the individual s five minute alltment. One imprtant pint f emphasis t nte, an injury time clck cannt be started if the five-minute bld clck is cmpletely taken. Once a wrestler has taken a ttal elapsed time f five-minutes, and wuld require further time t stp any bleeding, the match is stpped and the ppnent declared the winner by default Althugh the tw-minute recvery clck can be started if the bleeding was caused by an illegal hld, an unnecessary rughness vilatin r an unsprtsmanlike act. EXAMPLE: Wrestler A turns wrestler B t his back with a crss face cradle. After ne-thusand ne, the fficial ntices the nse f wrestler B begins t bleed. The referee shuld stp the match, start the bld clck fr wrestler B and award wrestler A tw-pint (2) near fall. EXAMPLE: Wrestler A turns wrestler B t his back with a crss face cradle. After ne-thusand ne ne-thusand tw, the referee ntices the nse f wrestler B begins t bleed. The referee shuld stp the match, start the bld clck fr wrestler B and award wrestler A three-pint (3) near fall. EXAMPLE: Wrestler A turns wrestler B t his back with a crss face cradle. After the cmplete five cunts, the referee ntices the nse f wrestler B begins t bleed. The referee shuld stp the match, start the bld clck fr wrestler B and award wrestler A fur-pint (4) near fall. It is pssible fr bth wrestlers t be using bld time simultaneusly. It is als pssible fr bth wrestlers t be using injury time simultaneusly. It is als pssible fr a wrestler t g frm injury time t bld time, and then back t injury time. 16

17 If this shuld ccur, the wrestler is nly charged with ne injury time ut. It is the fficial s jb t be present with the stpwatch and keep track f the amunt f time used fr each situatin. Remember, bld takes precedence and the wrestler may use as many bld time uts as necessary. But, if ne is injured and the ther is bleeding, nly a bld clck is started because bld takes precedence RECOVERY TIME: Recvery time may nly fllw a penalty fr an illegal hld, unnecessary rughness r an unsprtsmanlike act. Recvery time is a ttal f tw minutes (2), and may nly be used immediately fllwing the penalty. Recvery time starts when the referee signals the table with an inverted swirling index finger f the matching arm band hand. Time shall be stpped and recrded upn the referee s signal. Once the injured wrestler cntinues t wrestle, he/she may nt use any f the unused recvery time. The wrestler may use an injury time ut nce he/she starts t cntinue the match. If the injured wrestler can t cntinue due t the injury caused by the penalty, he/she shall be the winner. There are tw very imprtant NO-NOs related t the recvery time situatin. First, the injured wrestler cannt use injury time immediately fllwing the cmpleted use f his/her recvery time. Secnd, the injured wrestler cannt re-start the match, and then intentinally stp the match after ne secnd t default t his ppnent. There is a prcedure t allw that. Read belw: The injured wrestler may default the match t his/her ppnent prir t the tw minute recvery clck expiring. The fficial may nt vlunteer this infrmatin because that wuld be caching/assisting ne f the wrestlers, but he/she may answer a questin if the cach asks. EXAMPLE: During the first perid wrestler A lifts and slams wrestler B. The fficial stps the match, starts the recvery clck and awards wrestler B ne pint fr the illegal slam. At the cnclusin f the tw minute recvery clck the cach f wrestler B says my wrestler just needs a little mre time and he ll wrestle. Start the injury clck fr him and we will nly take 20 secnds. This is incrrect, and the fficial cannt allw this t ccur. The fficial needs t infrm the cach that by rule nce the tw-minute recvery clck is cmpletely taken, his wrestler must step t the stripe t cntinue the match r he must be declared the winner by disqualificatin. T cntinue this scenari, with this explanatin given t the cach f wrestler B, he nw says well his kid is undefeated and he wuld have beaten my by anyway. S, we ll start the match then yu blw the whistle right away t stp it and we ll default t him. Again, this is incrrect prcedure. We teach ur yung peple nthing if we find a way t skirt the rules f the game. Once the illegal situatin ccurred and the recvery clck was started, nly three things may ccur; either wrestler B cntinues t wrestle, wrestler B wins by disqualificatin r wrestler B graciusly defaults prir t the tw-minute recvery clck expiring. The wrestler wh cmmits an illegal act, an unnecessary rughness r an unsprtsmanlike cnduct vilatin cannt be declared the winner. Hand Signal and Mechanics fr Injury, Bld and Recvery Time: Start the injury clck (1:30) Stp the injury clck 17

18 Start the Bld clck (5:00) Stp the Bld clck Start Recvery Clck (2:00) Stp Recvery clck Mechanics f the Injury, Bld and Recvery Time: The mechanics will vary n these three situatins depending n what facilitates the stppage. At mst levels f cmpetitin the table has a stp watch fr the different times. Signals n the mat shuld be directed twards the table using the clr fr the stppage time. Timer will start the stpwatch. The referee shuld stay in the middle r near the injured wrestler with the stp watch. Stay quiet as t what yu saw, nly answer questins asked by the medical persnal. Dn t talk t the caches r the ther wrestler. Silence is yur friend here. If yu talk t a cach r wrestler it can be miscnstrued as favritism, r wrse yet a cach will tell yu, I tld yu it was illegal, nw he is hurt. Have the stp watch brught s yu can tell the cach when there is ne minute left, 30 secnds and 15 secnds. At that pint a determinatin must be made, as t the cntinuatin r nt. If the wrestler using the time stppage can NOT cntinue, his ppnent will determined the winner. Except in the case f the recvery time, if the wrestler uses all the recvery time and CANNOT cntinue, he is the declared winner. The caveat here is that the injured wrestler may default the match prir t the tw minute recvery clck expiring. STALLING General Guidelines The mst difficult aspect f wrestling is t understand stalling. Yu must develp a philsphy that will assist in any and all situatins. This is where the best referees are recgnized abve the gd referees. Stalling is ne f the mst subjective calls in wrestling because: N tw fficials call stalling identically N tw fficials recgnize stalling within the same time frame Cnsistency with calling stalling is tugh due t the different dynamics ccurring in each match The perspective f ne cach with his wrestler's best interests in mind is always ging t be different frm the ppsing cach s perspective and frm the man in the striped shirt Because f these variables, stalling will always be a cntrversial call in high schl wrestling Each wrestler is required t make an hnest attempt t stay within the 10 ft circle and wrestle aggressively regardless f: Psitin Time f the match Scre Bth wrestlers are equally respnsible fr initiating and maintaining actin 18

19 A wrestler wh is verpwered is nt stalling It is the respnsibility f caches, wrestlers and fficials t discurage the use f stalling tactics When stalling is recgnized, the ffender shall be warned/penalized withut hesitatin by the fficial regardless Of Scre f the match, Of Psitin n the mat, Of Time in the match In rder t crrectly recgnize stalling the fficial must have intimate knwledge f the sprt/ wrestling skills, the wrestling rules and hw t apply them The fficial must be able t discern when wrestler simply cannt execute and ne wh chses nt t execute The level f the wrestler s ability must be cnsidered Tp level wrestlers are better at masking stalling tactics The fficial must be able t dissect an actin r series f actins ccurring n the mat and determine if that actin(s) is a legitimate attempt t aggressively wrestle r stalling. Stalling must be cnsistently called thrughut the match frm beginning t end Officials must develp their wn techniques and patterns f cnsistency t identify and penalize stalling Stalling is rarely the result f ne specific actin r maneuver, rather it is the result f a series f blcking, aviding cntact, and delaying maneuvers ccurring thrughut the match Aggressive wrestling ccurs when a wrestler initiates a maneuver and fllws thrugh with an attempt t finish the mve Each wrestler is required t make an hnest attempt t stay within the 10-ft circle and wrestle aggressively, regardless f psitin r the time r scre f the match. Actin is t be maintained thrughut the match by the cntestants wrestling whether in the tp, bttm r neutral psitin and bth cntestants are equally respnsible fr initiating actin. It is the respnsibility f cntestants, caches and referees t avid the use f stalling tactics r allwing the use theref. This shall be demnstrated by thse respnsible with strict enfrcement by referees. Neutral Stalling Guidelines: : It is stalling when wrestler backs ff the mat, r when either pushes r pulls the ppnent ff the mat. Allw wrestlers time t set-up takedwn attempt(s): Tie-ups Changing levels Maintaining cntact Set-ups Pushing/pulling t thrw ppnent ff balance Genuine attempt at takedwn within specified time perid (30-45 sec.) An hnest takedwn attempt requires a sht and fllw- thrugh Cuntering a takedwn attempt is nt stalling unless: Defensive wrestler is cntent nt t imprve psitin N effrts at initiating wn sht attempts Wh is the aggressr? Neutral stalling tactics: Circling with n attempt at sht Changing levels with n attempt at sht Feigned sht with n fllw thrugh Mving ppnent t create angles but n fllw thrugh attacks Set-ups with n fllw thrugh t take advantage f scring pprtunities Interlcking fingers behind the ppnent s head and blcking with bth elbws What t recgnize: Frm neutral start backing ut f the circle w/ making cntact w/ppnent Cntinuusly aviding cntact with ppnent 19

20 Preventing ppnent frm returning t r remaining in-bunds Playing the edge f the mat Cntinuusly pushing-pulling w/n sht attempt Repeatedly faking cntact w/ fllw thrugh Tying-up an ppnent with an under hk and wrist cntrl withut a fllw-thrugh sht Cllar tie pushing/pulling n fllw thrugh Single r duble under hk w/ sht attempt Wrist cntrl (single r duble) w/ attempt at a sht r prevent ppnent s sht Blcking with a frearm r head in a tie-up w/n attempt at sht r t prevent ppnent s sht Repeatedly grasping r hlding a leg w/n attempt at fllw-thrugh t imprve psitin Repeatedly grasping r hlding a leg t prevent ppnent frm scring Elevating a single leg w/ attempt t finish takedwn Repeatedly causing a stalemate Standing behind an ppnent in cntrl f trs w/ an attempt t finish n the mat Running a 2 n 1 (Russian Tie) w/ an attack attempt Offensive Stalling: It is stalling when the cntestant in the advantage psitin des nt wrestle aggressively and attempt t secure a fall r earn near fall pints. The exceptin is when the ffensive wrestler intentinally releases the ppnent in rder t thereafter immediately attempt t secure a takedwn tp earn a technical fall by a 15 pint margin. General Guidelines: Tp man must wrk fr fall/near fall N riding time in high schl. Watch fr parallel riding (riding hips) w/ an attempt t break dwn the ppnent. Watch fr parallel riding with ppnent brken dwn n the mat with n attempt t get perpendicular t wrk fr fall r near fall. Watch fr busy wrestling meaning that the tp man is mving frm side t side withut really ding anything. Cuntering the defensive wrestler s bna fide attempts t escape/reverse (e.g., chain wrestling) is nt stalling. General stalling tactics: Feigning attempts t turn an ppnent (e.g., spiral ride w/ getting ut t the side and driving n tes r running a half-nelsn with ppnent brken dwn w/ getting perpendicular and driving n the tes). Jumping sides with half nelsn. Cntent with hanging n w/n attempt t scre. What t lk fr: Keeping the leg held t the buttcks fr mre than 5 secnds (defensive wrestler brken dwn). Tw hands n tw legs r tw hands n ne leg in actin nt designed t break the ppnent dwn, secure a fall, r prevent an escape r reversal. Repeated grasping f ne leg r tw legs with bth hands r arms t break ppnent dwn fr the sle purpse f cntrl. Slw hand munt arund the waist in tp starting psitin. Repeatedly drpping t ne leg when ppnent stands up. Deep waist and wrist r ankle w/n attempt t imprve. Staying behind an ppnent in a rear standing psitin w/ attempting t return t the mat. Repeatedly using a grapevine and being unable t turn ppnent resulting in a stalemate. Repeated use f crss-bdy ride w/n attempt t imprve psitin. Use f duble grapevine fr sle purpse f cntrl w/n attempt t imprve. Use f cradle w/n attempt t turn. 20

21 Repeatedly grasping an ankle with n attempt t break ppnent dwn. Running an arm bar with ppnent brken dwn n the mat w/n attempt t imprve. Repeatedly grabbing a leg t prevent a switch. Crab ride w/n attempt t imprve. Repeatedly thrwing in leg (2 times) when defensive wrestler stands up lifts rudder leg ff f mat. Defensive Stalling: T penalize the bttm wrestler fr stalling is thught by many t be the hardest t call. Yu really d knw when the bttm wrestler is stalling because each has been there. Let's pint ut sme cmmn defensive stalling tactics: Des the bttm wrestler initiate an escape r reversal? When the tp wrestler cmes ff the hips creating space, des the bttm wrestler attempt t take advantage r cntent t stay there? Des he/she attempt t imprve his/her psitin t try t scre? Lying n the mat with yur elbws tucked int yur bdy beynd nrmal reactin time. This psitin gives little chance fr the fall. Mving nly t cunter r blck the ffensive wrestler. This is a tugh call t recgnize, hwever the referee must determine if the bttm wrestler is making an attempt t imprve his/her psitin. The bttm must create actin t scre. Nt initiating actin may cnstitute stalling by his/her blcking the ffensive actin t turn. Grasping the ppnent's hands (arms) and just hanging hlding. Can yu see where this and the tactic mentined abve are similar? When ding this and making n attempt t imprve the referee shuld be thinking stalling. Fre head dwn n the mat, balling up, r cntinually watching the clck. Watching the clck. This is particularly easy when the tp wrestler is applying n pressure. Remember lking at the clck is nt an autmatic stall call, but we shuld ntice the difference in watching the clck and lking at the clck t determine hw much time is remaining. Repeated lcking n t ne r bth legs when the tp wrestler cmes ut frnt. Key here is repeated because yu always have the ptin f calling a stalemate in this situatin. Repeatedly crawling ut f the ten ft circle, T the edge, Out f bunds with n attempt t imprve his/her psitin wuld cnstitute stalling. This is ften times used as an attempt t get a breather (catch their wind). The defensive wrestler is nt stalling if he/she is being ver pwered. Gd fficiating isn't smething that starts the first day f an fficiating career. Rather it is acquired after many years f time n the mat, watching and learning frm the tp fficials either in persn, watching vide and/r in meeting discussins. With advanced media we nw can watch hurs f wrestling t help perfrmance t becme a better referee. Each must sacrifice time and expense t cnstantly imprve fficiating skills. Each referee must put in the time and pay their dues t gain the valuable experiences necessary t recgnize all wrestling situatin. FLEEING / TECHNICAL VIOLATION Webster defines fleeing 1. T run away r escape frm danger, pursuit, unpleasantness, etc. 2. T pass away swiftly; vanish 3. T mve rapidly, g swiftly t run away r escape frm; t avid. There is a significant difference between a stalling vilatin, which is a warning, and fleeing the mat n the first ffense. The fleeing vilatin shuld be a technical vilatin penalty pint the first time it ccurs, and called cnsistently. NFHS Rule states, Each wrestler is required t make an hnest attempt t stay within the 10 - ft circle and wrestle aggressively, regardless f psitin r the time r the scre f the match. Actin is t be maintained thrughut the match by the cntestants wrestling aggressively whether in the tp, bttm r neutral psitin and bth cntestants are equally respnsible fr initiating the actin... NFHS Rule states, Ging ut f the wrestling area r frcing an ppnent ut f the wrestling area, by either wrestler at any time as a means f aviding wrestling, is a technical vilatin. Bth wrestlers shuld make every effrt t remain in bunds. When the referee feels that either wrestler has failed t 21

22 make every effrt t stay in bunds, the ffending wrestler shall be penalized. Penalty pints shall nt be awarded in situatins where near-fall pints are earned. NFHS Rule states... fficials have the authrity t penalize wrestlers and, when they fail t d s, they are, in essence giving his ppnent an advantage. Bth wrestlers shuld make every effrt t remain in bunds. The wrestlers prximity t the OB line must be cnsidered with the fleeing the mat call. When the referee feels that either wrestler has failed t make every effrt t stay in bunds, the ffending wrestler shall be penalized. A wrestler ges ut f the wrestling area r if he is frces his ppnent ut f the wrestling area at any time as a means f aviding wrestling, it is a technical vilatin. Each wrestler is t wrestle aggressively regardless f the psitin r the time r the scre f the match. Actin is t be maintained thrughut the match in the ffensive, defensive, r neutral psitins. NEUTRAL POSITION: Wrestler A shts a single leg and lifts wrestler B s leg. Wrestler B hks a whizzer, and then turns t the ut f bunds circle, hps three r fur times and pulls wrestler A ut f bunds. Again, wrestler A lifts a single leg f wrestler B. This time wrestler B turns his ppnent s back t the uter edge f the circle and drives him straight ut f bunds. Wrestler A is still hlding the leg as he is being pushed ut f bunds. Wrestler A, while attacking frm the center f the circle, takes numerus shts. Wrestler B cntinues t back, then eventually backs ff the mat t avid anther strng duble leg attack frm wrestler A. OFFENSIVE POSITION: During the actin f being reversed in a switch, wrestler A crawls ut f bunds as wrestler B is arching ver the tp t turn his hips dwn t gain cntrl. Wrestler A has avided being scred upn and thinks he is ging back t the center f the circle t get a clean start in the referee s psitin. Wrestler B may have earned his neutral psitin alng with the penalty. Wrestler B hits a stand up and gets t his feet. Wrestler A, standing behind and still in cntrl, lifts wrestler B and takes several steps t walk him ff the mat. Or, wrestler A simply begins driving wrestler B frward. Wrestler B tries t turn t stay in bunds, but wrestler A cntinues t drive his ppnent ff the mat. DEFENSIVE POSITION: Wrestler A gets taken dwn, and is immediately put t his back. As wrestler B is wrking t secure a half nelsn, wrestler A bridges ut f bunds befre the fficial gets a tw-cunt. Wrestler A gets thrwn with a lateral drp and is immediately put t his back tw, maybe three feet inbunds. As the referee cunts ne thusand-ne and flags ut ne hand cunt fr the near fall, wrestler B bridges and drives himself ver the ut f bunds circle. Wrestler A applies a crss bdy then steps ver the tp int a duble grapevine. As wrestler A starts a pwer half, wrestler B turns t find the uter circle and crawls ut f bunds. THE REFEREE S POSITION IS CLEAR: He/she is t be fair, cmpletely unbiased, and evaluate the match based slely n the perfrmance f bth athletes. The match fficial is t impartially apply the rules f the sprt fr bth cntestants. The examples mentined abve illustrate ne wrestler using the ut f bunds circle t avid wrestling, and specifically t avid being scred upn. A wrestling match invlves tw cntestants, and it is nt fair fr ne athlete t wrk aggressively in the circle while the ther intentinally leaves the mat t avid cmpetitin. 22

23 By nt awarding the technical vilatin penalty pint when fleeing the mat ccurs the aggressive wrestler is being put at a distinct disadvantage. Instead, the attacking wrestler shuld be recgnized and rewarded fr his wrestling skill and fr carrying the bulk f the actin in the match. Awarding the penalty pint is bth the crrect and fair call in this situatin when ne f the wrestlers leaves the mat t avid giving up a scre. FINAL THOUGHT SELL THE CALL: The technical vilatin penalty shuld be made prmptly, withut hesitatin, in the spirit f gd sprtsmanship fr bth athletes. All shuld understand the referee s psitin n the wrestlers leaving the mat t avid cmpetitin. All can see the cnfidence the referee exhibits while making the call. The athletes can learn frm the experience f the cmpetitin. BITING & FLAGRANT MISCONDUCT Biting, r any frm f flagrant miscnduct, is nt t be taken lightly. It is the final and ultimate penalty fr any wrestler. It is the respnsibility f every wrestling fficial t handle the situatin prmptly and decisively. There are several imprtant aspects the referee must be aware f in every alleged biting incident. First, if the bite ccurs in a place where the defensive wrestler may have bitten himself, the fficial must see the biting actin. Just seeing a crss face desn t necessarily mean the defensive wrestler was bitten. The fficial shuld see the clamping actin f the jaws during the bite. If the referee sees the defensive wrestler bite himself and that wrestler shws the referee the teeth marks, it shuld be an unsprtsmanlike cnduct n the defensive wrestler. Secnd, the bite must be handled when it ccurs. Reference shuld be made t the NFHS Wrestling Rule Bk, which states,.when the referee makes this call it must be an ccurrence that is brught t the referee s immediate attentin. The wrestler and/r cach can t wait until the end f the match r smetime thereafter t cmplain abut a bite that tk place during the first perid. The bitten wrestler must infrm and shw the referee the bite marks when it ccurs. If the wrestler is bitten n his thigh, shulder, r the back f his leg the fficial shuld certainly recgnize he culd nt have bitten himself in these places. The referee shuld lk fr bth the upper and lwer sets f teeth marks indented in the flesh f the injured wrestler. Be aware a tth and muth prtectr will nt leave teeth marks. The impressin f a bite shuld be the teeth marks left after the clamping f the bite ccurs. There may be bleeding and/r bruising arund the bitten area. This all verifies the bite, and nw cmes the difficult part. Infrming the cach and wrestler. Please remember the referee shuld lk fr the sharp edge impressin f the teeth, seeing the entire utline f the teeth may indicate a crss face with the defensive wrestler turning int it. Third, nce the referee is abslutely sure f the biting incident, it is imprtant the referee handles this situatin withut delay. If necessary, shw the ppsing cach the bite imprint fr his satisfactin the crrect call was made based n the necessary evidence f the situatin. He/she needs t exhibit self-cnfidence, and, in a prmpt firm manner, make the flagrant miscnduct call. Remember, the flagrant miscnduct vilatin nw carries a three-pint team deductin, the immediate remval frm the premises, and the lss f all team pints earned t that pint. 23

24 All OHSAA referees are required t file the necessary written reprt within 48-hurs and cntact the ffending wrestler s principal r schl administratr the first schl day fllwing the incident, advising them f the flagrant act that resulted with the disqualificatin. Lk in the OHSAA Official s handbk and the reprt frm is fund n OHSAA.rg web site. Suggestin: get a cpy f the but sheet with the flagrant miscnduct penalty recrded n the scre sheet, and write yurself a mem f the incident. This will be necessary t assist yu in cmpleting the state reprt frm f the ejectin. It is als advisable t attach a cpy f the scre sheet t the reprts yu distribute t the schl and the OHSAA ffice. All referees are respnsible and expected t maintain a clean cmpetitive playing field. Unsprting r flagrant acts must be dealt with prmptly, decisively and within the spirit f the NFHS rule bk. POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS The Missin Statement in the NFHS wrestling rule bk reads in part We believe natinal cmpetitin rules prmte fair play and minimize risks fr student participants. NFHS Rule states Hlds are ptentially dangerus when a bdy part is frced t the limit f nrmal range f mvement. NFHS Rule states Ptentially dangerus hlds include duble wrist lcks, split scissrs, the guilltine, chicken wing, tehlds, frnt headlcks (all headlcks), r any hlds which culd cause serius injury. The referee shuld anticipate the dangers f injury and be in psitin t blck them befre the danger pint. NFHS Rule states N cntestant shuld ever be put in a psitin where they must frfeit a neutral psitin, a psitin f advantage r a fall because f an injury r danger t life r limb. The NFHS prvides fr bth the safe and healthy envirnment fr yung athletes, and each state assciatin fsters and uphlds the strng cncern fr safe participatin fr all student-athletes. The mst imprtant call fr a wrestling referee is the prper and timely use f ptentially dangerus. Preventing injuries is the mst imprtant task fr a wrestling referee. Sme situatins dn t have a name, but nne the less they are dangerus and unsafe. It is left t the referee and his experienced judgment t recgnize situatins that can cause serius injury. It is imprtant fr the referee t have excellent anticipatin, knwledge and recgnitin f wrestling skills, bdy mvement and the ability t sense the wrestlers in the thusands f psitins they find themselves. The referee must cnstantly psitin and re-psitin himself/herself t have the very best line f visin t view the greatest amunt f actin. This allws the wrestling referee t fulfill his/her mst imprtant duty; The safety f the cntestants. There are a few imprtant aspects t making a ptentially dangerus call: Make the call prmptly when a serius situatin is anticipated r seen. D nt hesitate! A mment f hesitatin may be all the time necessary fr a serius injury t ccur. Wrse than hesitating, is the referee that walks arund the pair f wrestlers indicating the ptentially dangerus signal with ne hand behind his/her head while fllwing the wrestlers and pinting t the dangerus situatin with the ther hand. This is an invitatin fr disaster. The referee s first reactin shuld be t blw the whistle, and des it firmly while stepping in t tuch the wrestlers t stp actin. After a shrt explanatin f what was dangerus, the wrestlers shuld be immediately re-started as they were befre the ptentially dangerus stppage. NFHS Rule prvides that a wrestler applying a legal hld/maneuver shall nt be penalized when the ppnent turns a legal hld int an illegal hld. This situatin shall be deemed a ptentially dangerus. Remember: Call it when yu see it, sense it r feel a dangerus situatin. 24

25 What if the referee des nt stp a ptentially dangerus situatin? A wrestler will mst likely be seriusly injured, and can be sent ff t the hspital with the rescue squad. Later, it is learned the injured wrestler is having surgery, will miss schl, will nt be able t participate in a spring sprt (r ut f athletics fr years), and will need several mnths f painful extensive rehabilitatin when the surgery heals. This culd have been avided if the referee blew his/her whistle several secnds sner. If referees are ging t make a mistake, make the mistake n the side f safety. Allwing a situatin t cntinue s a wrestler can pssibly earn tw pints fr a near fall is nt wrth the chance f serius injury, being hspitalized and a yung athlete needing surgery? Caches and parents nt nly entrust wrestling referees with the fair and unbiased evaluatin f their athlete s match, but they are als entrusted with their safety. Referees shuld prtect the wrestlers frm hitting the wall, Landing n the flr, Being tssed int the screr s table, and Especially frm injury due t the strange ways they get entangled with each ther. Using ptentially dangerus swiftly can save mnths f pain and family heartache. The HO and the AR must prtect them at all times. A pessimist is ne wh makes difficulties f his pprtunities; an ptimist is ne wh makes pprtunities f his difficulties. Harry S. Truman, 33 President f the U.S. STALEMATE Webster Defines Stalemate 1. Chess: any situatin in which it is impssible fr ne f the players t mve withut placing his r her king in check: it results in a draw 2. Any unreslved situatin in which further actin is impssible r useless; deadlck; draw. NFHS Rule states It is a stalemate when cntestants are interlcked in a psitin ther than a pinning situatin, in which either wrestler can imprve their respective psitin(s); r either cmpetitr has the hands lcked arund ne leg f the ppnent t prevent scring. The referee shall, as sn as pssible, stp the match and wrestling shall be resumed as fr an ut f bunds. When bth hands are lcked repeatedly arund ne leg f an ppnent t prevent scring, it is cnsidered stalling. Cmmn mistakes: It is ften called when there is n stalemate present and the athletes need t wrestle their way ut, r It is called rather than making a stalling call, which An inapprpriate stalemate call, called t sn r t late, is an act in which the referee is interfering in the prgress f the match, and thereby culd enter int the final utcme. Mixed signals are given when cntradicting mechanics are shwn. I.e. a stalling signal after already have given a stalemate call. If a wrestler has created the stalling situatin because f repeated stalemates, then simply make the stalling call. The prper stalemate call and mechanics: A stalemate ccurs when bth wrestlers are entwined in such a psitin that neither athlete can imprve his/her psitin withut jepardizing either his/her wn safety fr fear f injury, r lss f psitin thus being scred upn. In essence, if he/she wuld let g t try t imprve he/she wuld give up a scre t the ppnent, therefre by cntinuing t hld the stalemate psitin he/she is cunter-wrestling and can t let g. The referee needs t allw the athletes t cmpete, wrestle their way thrugh the match and ntice the pint in time when their cntinued prgress has halted. Recgnize the stppage f actin is due t bth their respective psitins being lcked in such a manner that they can t advance. 25

26 Pause a mment t make sure f the situatin, and nce yu realize their psitins will nt imprve fr fear f jepardizing themselves. Blw the whistle, give the prper mechanic signal with the clsed fists pressed tgether in frnt f the chest, and get them t release their grasp. Verbally cmmunicate with the table and wrestlers then restart the match. Recgnize these psitins and prmptly make the crrect call: If the referee hesitates he/she allws time t run ff the clck with n significant actin. If there is n actin at the edge f the mat and ne wrestler is ut f bunds, the referee may stp the match and return the wrestler t center. Cach Cnference at the Table Hw shuld the cnference be handled when the cach cmes t the table? What are a few helpful ways t handle the difficult cach during a heated situatin? The fficial s bdy language speaks vlumes. 1. Remember, it is imprtant t apprach all cnferences in the same manner. Dn t assume the wrst, and expect a screaming cach. Yu need t handle yurself in a calm, patient cntrlling manner. Keep in mind yu are the fficial, and the nly persn in cntrl f the entire situatin. This prcess starts by instructing the wrestlers t stay inside the 10-ft center circle, If either r bth leave the 10 circle it is unsprtsmanlike cnduct; make the call 2. Then walk t the screr s table t meet the cach, ne f whm must have been a cach sitting in the zne. While mving t the table it is imprtant t cllect yur thughts, and replay the last few mments f the match in yur head. When yu reach the table, turn and stand pen at 90 degrees t keep the wrestlers in yur visin. Assume an pen bdy language psitin t listen t the cach; d nt fld arms, etc. Lk the cach direct in the eyes, and DON T SAY A WORD! Listen t what he has t discuss. Part f defusing a ptentially heated situatin, is nt t put fuel n the fire. By that we mean, dn t give him new and mre infrmatin t argue with. If there is sme hesitatin, then ask him in a calm, plite, prfessinal manner Cach, yu called me t the table, what can I d fr yu? This beginning may be enugh t defuse the pssible ht situatin. As yu listen, frmulate and deliver a calm, clear, cncise answer t his questin. Especially the criteria f the rule yu applied t make the decisin. D nt let this becme a questin and answer sessin. Keep it brief, then d ne f a few things; Thank him and invite him t return t cach s crner r Thank him, remind him he is nt allwed t questin judgment, and infrm him f the warning fr miscnduct. Then invite him t return t the cach s crner, and Instruct the screr t recrd a warning fr miscnduct n Cach. If during the exchange, r at the cnclusin he is acting in an unsprtsmanlike manner it is imprtant t exercise the unsprtsmanlike cnduct penalty and deduct the team pint, The last resrt is a flagrant miscnduct call n the cach. Return t the center f the mat and prmptly resume the match. The AR remains in the 10 ft. circle w/ the wrestlers. The AR als prevents the wrestlers frm leaving the circle as instructed. Remember these six thughts 1. The cach has the right t a cnference and is heard at the table, while yu have the duty t grant his request and listen t his questins r cncerns. 26

27 2. Be APPROACHABLE LISTEN EXPLAIN THEN RESTART THE MATCH. 3. Be plite, prfessinal, direct, decisive, cnfident and cnsistent. 4. Knw this; a referee distinguishes himself/herself by hw he/she handles the tugh nes. 5. D nt tlerate verbal abuse r unsprtsmanlike cnduct in any frm. 6. DO NOT TOUCH THE COACH, respect his space and he shuld respect yurs. The referee must be in cntrl f the match. D nt allw a cach t becme an embarrassment r belligerent. D nt allw a cach t harass the screr s table and the wrkers, they are yur team; prtect them. Only ne cach per schl may cnference at any ne time. WARN OR PENALIZE THE COACH Des the cach get a warning fr his actins? Or is it an unsprtsmanlike cnduct penalty? Althugh the tw may ccur tgether, there is a distinctin. The nly time a cach gets a warning fr his actins is when he asks fr a cnference at the screr s table t discuss the misapplicatin f a rule. If the cach was crrect with his statements and apprach t the matter in questin, the referee shall make the necessary crrectin and the match cntinued withut penalty. If the fficial handled the situatin crrectly, and/r the cach questins the referee s judgment he receives a warning fr miscnduct. This warning is actually n the caching staff, The next miscnduct ffense will result in a ne-pint team deductin. The third miscnduct vilatin will again result in anther tw-pint team deductin alng with the head cach remved frm the event fr the remainder f the day. It is the respnsibility f every referee t cnduct the match s as t nt allw caches t verrun the screr s table with time wasting questins. By applying the warning fr miscnduct rule prmptly, the caches will nt take advantage f yur gd nature at the table. Althugh we must hnr the cach s request fr a cnference, d nt hesitate t apply the miscnduct rule when necessary. Any frm f unsprtsmanlike cnduct r certainly flagrant miscnduct is hit with the penalty f pint deductin(s) and/r remval immediately. There is n warning fr these situatins. The referees need t meet these embarrassing situatins swiftly, and in a firm cnfident manner. It is imprtant t learn the rules f the game, study and discuss them in yur lcal meetings. We need t learn the criteria t recgnize when these situatins begin t appear. Listen t the veteran fficials describe situatins they have encuntered during their many years, and learn frm each ther. The learning will be a life-lng prcess, s remember t learn smething frm everyne. Belw are several situatinal examples that may help in understanding the need t apprach table cnfrntatins prmptly and in a prfessinal manner. We ve all been invlved in a variety f different cach s cnferences at the screr s table. Sme are shrt and simple, while thers require a little mre effrt and patience. Hw shuld we handle the cach wh cmes t the table with his fuse already lit? What are a few helpful ways t handle the difficult cach during a heated situatin? First, it is imprtant t apprach all cnferences in the same manner. Dn t assume the wrst, and expect a screaming cach. Yu need t handle yurself in a calm, patient cntrlling manner. Keep in mind yu are the fficial, and the nly persn in cntrl f the entire situatin. Secnd, instruct the wrestlers t stay inside the 10-ft center circle, and then walk t the screr s table t meet the cach. While mving t the table it is imprtant t cllect yur thughts, and replay the last few mments f the match in yur head. When yu reach the table, turn and stand s as t keep the wrestlers in yur visin. Lk the cach direct in the eyes, and dn t say a wrd... repeat... DON T SAY A WORD! 27

28 Listen t what he has t discuss. Part f defusing a ptentially heated situatin, is nt t put fuel n the fire. By that I mean, dn t give him new and mre infrmatin t argue at yu. If there is sme hesitatin, then ask him in a calm, plite, prfessinal manner Cach, yu called me t the table, what can I d fr yu? This beginning may be enugh t defuse the pssible ht situatin. As yu listen, frmulate and deliver a calm, clear, cncise answer t his questin. Especially the criteria f the rule yu applied t make the decisin. D nt let this becme a questin and answer sessin. Keep it brief, then d ne f tw things; Thank him and ask him t return t cach s crner r Thank him, remind him he is nt allwed t questin judgment, and infrm him f the warning fr miscnduct. Then ask him t return t the cach s crner and instruct the screr t recrd a warning fr miscnduct n Cach B. Return t the center f the mat and prmptly resume the match. CORRECTABLE ERRORS What s crrectable, what isn t? What s the prcedure? Rule 6-6 addresses these questins. First and fremst, Rule 6-6 breaks errrs int three basic elements: Bad time, Timekeeping errrs, and Scring errrs. Each has its wn cnditins that must be kept in mind when tackling crrectable errrs. Bad Time: is either Time wrestled with the wrestlers in the wrng psitin; r, The wrng wrestler given chice at the start f the third perid; r The chice f psitin nt given after the secnd injury time ut; r After a tw pint stalling call; r The clck cntinues t run at the end f the perid, r The clck cntinues t run fllwing a vilatin. Other than the start f the third perid, addressed belw, when encuntering bad time yu must first evaluate whether the amunt f bad time can be determined. If nt, it wuld be deleted. Otherwise, it must be re-wrestled prir t the start f any subsequent perid. Tw ther situatins appear t bad time, but are easily crrected: Thse include the wrng wrestler being given chice: At the start f the secnd perid, r At the start f the first 30-secnd tiebreaker in vertime. Rule makes it clear n reslving this situatin: the ppnent may be given chice at the start f the third perid r at the start f the secnd 30-secnd tiebreaker in vertime. NO REWRESTLING IS NECESSARY. Fllwing the secnd injury time ut: If the amunt f bad time can be determined It must be deleted and re-wrestled prir t the start f any subsequent perid. The wrestlers are t be placed in their prper psitin and wrestling resumed withut delay. All pints earned during bad time are cancelled. Althugh any penalties (technical vilatins), r injury time that may have ccurred during bad time are als cancelled except Flagrant miscnduct, unsprtsmanlike cnduct, unnecessary rughness, illegal hlds/maneuvers, and bld time. 28

29 Try this acrnym as t what stays in the screbk: RIBFUN Rughness (as in unnecessary rughness) Illegal hlds Bld time Flagrant miscnduct Unsprtsmanlike cnduct It s als bad time when starting the wrestlers in the wrng psitin at the start f the third perid. Stp the match and give bth wrestlers ne-minute rest. Except fr RIBFUN, all pints earned are cancelled and the entire third perid re-wrestled. Timekeeping errrs ccur when either The timekeeper makes an errr; r The clck fails t start when yu indicate time is t begin. Yu must make a judgment cncerning the amunt f time that shuld have been cnsumed. Certainly it s within yur authrity t cnsult with the timekeeper, r even the caches, t get their perspectives n the matter. Ultimately, hwever, the decisin is yurs as t the amunt f time that needs t be adjusted. As in bad time, timekeeping errrs must be adjusted prir t the start f any subsequent perid. Scring errrs can be made by The referee, r The screr Scring errrs can impact either the match r team scre. Their crrectin depends entirely n whether they ccur in a dual meet r turnament, and Whether it is a recrdable r cmputatinal errr. The varius remedies under Rule a. & b. A recrdable errr is ne in which the crrect pints and/r designated scring symbl was errneusly entered n the screbk r but sheet. A cmputatinal errr is when a wrestler s r team s scre is incrrectly added tgether. The crrectin prcess is handled differently depending n whether it is encuntered in a dual meet r turnament. Dual meet match scring errrs by yu, timekeeper, r fficial screr: A recrdable errr necessitating additinal wrestling must be crrected prir t the ffended cntestant leaving the mat area Mat Area: Rule 2.1.5: the wrestling mat plus 10 feet. If additinal wrestling is nt necessary the errr may be crrected as lng as the ffended cntestant r cach remains in the mat area. A cmputatinal errr must be crrected within 30 minutes after the cnclusin f the dual meet. If the errr requires additinal wrestling, In the case f creating a tie taking the match int vertime, the errr must then be crrected prir t the start f the next match. Turnament match scring errrs: A recrdable errr must be crrected prir t the ffended wrestler leaving the mat area if additinal wrestling is necessary Mat Area: Rule 2.1.5: the wrestling mat plus 10 feet. Otherwise, when additinal wrestling is NOT necessary, the ffended wrestler r cach must remain in the mat area. A cmputatinal errr must be crrected prir t the next match in whm either wrestler cmpetes. 29

30 Again, if additinal wrestling is necessary, it must be crrected prir t the ffended wrestler leaving the mat area. The next match is nt allwed be started, if the next match is underway the errr stands as is. Dual meet r turnament team scring errrs: Rule a, b Recrdable r cmputatinal errrs must be crrected within 30 minutes after the cnclusin f the dual meet r turnament and psting f the fficial scre. This means any discrepancy in cmputatin must be reprted t the turnament manager r head scre keeper within the 30-minute time fame t give the turnament management the pprtunity t check fr any errrs. If this is dne within the 30-minute windw the fficial scre is nt yet psted until it can be verified. There is n questin errrs create stressful situatins fr all cncerned and culd easily turn a cmpetitive match/event int a majr distractin. Aviding errrs is every referee s gal, but When they d ccur, and given a thrugh understanding f Rule 6.6, the referee is able t apprach such situatins equipped t act quickly and decisively t return everyne s fcus back t the actin. Refer t the tie braking criteria fr dual cmpetitin Rule 9-2-2, page 46 Dn t be afraid t take a stand. Dn t be afraid t speak up. Cnsider whether smething is right r wrng, nt whether it s ppular. Yu cannt make any useful cntributin t sciety unless yu d. Hward Fergusn The Edge Maintain yur cmpsure. The wrst thing yu can d t an ppnent is t beat him. Paul Brwn, NFL Cach Stand fr smething Daniel Webster taught this cuntry that what is ppular is nt always right, and what is right is nt always ppular. Hward Csell NFHS MEDICAL RELEASE FORM FOR WRESTLER TO PARTICIPATE WITH SKIN LESION(S) The Natinal Federatin f State High Schl State Assciatins (NFHS) Sprts Medicine Advisry Cmmittee has develped a medical release frm fr wrestlers t participate with skin lesin(s) as a suggested mdel t be cnsidered fr adptin in each state. The NFHS Sprts Medicine Advisry Cmmittee (SMAC) cnducted a survey amng specialty, academic, public health and primary care physicians and reviewed extensively the literature available n the cmmunicability f varius skin lesins at different stages f disease and treatment. N definitive data exists that allw us t abslutely predict when a lesin is n lnger shedding rganisms that culd be transmitted t anther wrestler. Anther finding frm the survey 30

31 was the significant differences that exist amng physicians relating t when they will permit a wrestler t return t participatin after having a skin infectin. Neither the NFHS nr the NFHS SMAC presumes t dictate t prfessinals hw t practice medicine. Nr is the infrmatin n this frm meant t establish a standard f care. The NFHS SMAC des feel, hwever, that the guidelines included n the frm represent a summary cnsensus f the varius respnses btained frm the survey, frm cnversatins and frm the literature. The cmmittee als believes that the cmpnents f the frm are very relevant t addressing the cncerns f caches, parents, wrestlers and apprpriate health-care prfessinals that led t the research int this subject and t the develpment f this frm. The Ohi High Schl Athletic Assciatin as recmmended by its Jint Advisry Cmmittee n Sprts Medicine has adpted the plicy t require that it be a physician, defined as a medical dctr (MD) r dctr f stepathy (DO) wh is authrized t clear a wrestler fr cntinued participatin in this sprt. In additin, Certified Nurse Practitiners r Physician s Assistants (PA) wh wrk in a dermatlgy practice as identified n the list belw here are eligible t sign this frm a return the student t participatin. { GOALS FOR ESTABLISHING A WIDELY USED FORM: 1. Prtect wrestlers frm expsure t cmmunicable skin disrders. Althugh mst f the skin lesins being discussed generally have n majr lng term cnsequences and are nt life threatening, sme d have mrbidity assciated with them and student-athletes shuld be prtected frm cntracting skin disrders frm ther wrestlers r cntaminated equipment such as mats. 2. Allw wrestlers t participate as sn as it is reasnably safe fr them and fr their ppnents and/r teammates using the same mat. 3. Establish guidelines t help minimize majr differences in management amng apprpriate health-care prfessinals wh are signing return t cmpetitin frms. Cnsistent use f these guidelines shuld reduce the likelihd wrestlers catching a skin disease frm participatin and suffering frm inequalities as t wh can r cannt participate. 4. Prvide a basis t supprt apprpriate health-care prfessinal decisins n when a wrestler can r cannt participate. This shuld help the apprpriate health-care prfessinal wh may face incredible pressure frm many frnts t return a yungster t cmpetitin ASAP. This can invlve any student athlete wh never wins a match r the next state champin with a schlarship pending. IMPORTANT COMPONENTS FOR ANEFFECTIVE FORM: 1. Each state assciatin needs t determine which apprpriate health-care prfessinal can sign ff n this frm. 2. Inclusin f the applicable NFHS wrestling rule s apprpriate health-care prfessinals will understand that cvering a cntagius lesin is nt an ptin that is allwed by rule. Cvering a nn-cntagius lesin after adequate therapy t prevent injury t lesin is acceptable. 3. Inclusin f the date and nature f treatment and the earliest date a wrestler can return t participatin. This shuld mitigate the need fr a family t incur the expense f additinal ffice visits as ccurs when a frm must be signed within three days f wrestling as sme d. 4. Inclusin f a bdygram with frnt and back views shuld clearly identify the lesin in questin. Using nn-black ink t designate skin lesins shuld result in less cnfusin r cnflict. Als including the number f lesins prtects against spread after a visit with an apprpriate healthcare prfessinal. 5. Inclusin f guidelines fr minimum treatment befre returning the wrestler t actin as discussed abve. This shuld enhance the likelihd that all wrestlers are managed safely and fairly. 6. Inclusin f all the cmpnents discussed has the ptential t remve the referee frm making a medical decisin. If a lesin is questined, the referee s rle culd apprpriately be nly t see if the cach can prvide a fully cmpleted medical release frm allwing the wrestler t wrestle. This frm may be reprduced, if desired, and can be edited in any way fr use by varius individuals r rganizatins. It may als be mdified and used fr sprts ther than wrestling. In additin, the NFHS SMAC wuld welcme cmments fr inclusin in future versins, as this frm will be reviewed yearly, and mdified as needed. Natinal Federatin f State High Schl Assciatins Sprts Medicine Advisry Cmmittee OHSAA Jint Advisry Cmmittee n Sprts Medicine MEDICAL RELEASE FOR WRESTLER TO PARTICIPATE WITH SKIN LESION Name: Date f Exam: / / Diagnsis Mark Lcatin AND Number f Lesin(s) 31

32 Lcatin AND Number f Lesin(s) Medicatin(s) Used t Treat Lesin(s): Date Treatment Started: / / Time: Frm Expiratin Date fr this Lesin (Nte n Diagram(s)): / / Earliest Date the Wrestler May Return t Participatin: / / Physician (MD, DO) r CNP r PA frm apprved list Signature Office Phne #: Physician Name/Name f Cllabrating Dermatlgy Practice (Must Be Legible) Office Address Belw are sme treatment guidelines that suggest MINIMUM TREATMENT befre return t wrestling: Bacterial Diseases (impetig, bils): T be cnsidered nn-cntagius, all lesins must be scabbed ver with n zing r discharge and n new lesins shuld have ccurred in the preceding 48 hurs. Oral antibitic fr 72 hurs is cnsidered a minimum t achieve that status. If new lesins cntinue t develp r drain after 72 hurs, MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylcccus Aureus) shuld be cnsidered. Herpetic Lesins (Simplex, fever blisters/cld sres, Zster, Gladiatrum): T be cnsidered nn-cntagius, all lesins must be scabbed ver with n zing r discharge and n new lesins shuld have ccurred in the preceding 72 hurs. Fr a first episde f Herpes Gladiatrum, wrestlers shuld be treated and nt allwed t cmpete fr a minimum f 10 days. If general bdy signs and symptms like fever and swllen lymph ndes are present, that minimum perid f treatment befre return t wrestling shuld be extended t 14 days. Recurrent utbreaks require a minimum f 120 hurs f ral anti-viral treatment, again s lng as n new lesins have develped, and all lesins are scabbed ver. Tinea Lesins (ringwrm n scalp r skin): Oral r tpical treatment fr 72 hurs n skin and ral treatment fr 14 days n scalp. Scabies, Head Lice: 24 hurs after apprpriate tpical management. Cnjunctivitis (Pink Eye): 24 hurs f tpical r ral medicatin and n discharge. Mlluscum Cntagisum: Upn treatment with curettage and hyfrecatr, may wrestle immediately. Nte t Apprpriate Health-Care Prfessinals: Nn-cntagius lesins d nt require treatment prir t return t participatin (e.g. eczema, psriasis, etc.). Please familiarize yurself with NFHS Wrestling Rules 4-2-3, and which states: ART If a participant is suspected by the referee r cach f having a cmmunicable skin disease r any ther cnditin that makes participatin appear inadvisable, the cach shall prvide current written dcumentatin as defined by the NFHS r the state assciatins, frm an apprpriate health-care prfessinal stating that the suspected disease r cnditin is nt cmmunicable and that the athlete s participatin wuld nt be harmful t any ppnent. This dcument shall be furnished at the weigh-in fr the dual meet r turnament. The nly exceptin wuld be if a designated, n-site meet apprpriate health-care prfessinal is present and is able t examine the wrestler either immediately prir t r immediately after the weigh-in. Cvering a cmmunicable cnditin shall nt be cnsidered acceptable and des nt make the wrestler eligible t participate. ART If a designated n-site meet apprpriate health-care prfessinal is present, he/she may verrule the diagnsis f the apprpriate health-care prfessinal signing the medical release frm fr a wrestler t participate r nt participate with a particular skin cnditin. ART A cntestant may have dcumentatin frm an apprpriate health-care prfessinal nly indicating a specific cnditin such as a birthmark r ther nn-cmmunicable skin cnditins such as psriasis and eczema, and that dcumentatin is valid fr the duratin f the seasn. It is valid with the understanding that a chrnic cnditin culd becme secndarily infected and may require re-evaluatin. Once a lesin is cnsidered nn-cntagius, it may be cvered t allw participatin. DISCLAIMER: Neither the Natinal Federatin f State High Schl Assciatins (NFHS) nr the OHSAA shall be liable r respnsible, in any way, fr any diagnsis r ther evaluatin made herein, r exam perfrmed in cnnectin therewith, by the abve-named prvider, r fr any subsequent actin taken, in whle r part, in reliance upn the accuracy r veracity f the infrmatin prvided herein. 32

33 T: OHSAA Wrestling Schls & Wrestling Officials Frm: OHSAA Officiating Department Subject: Wrestlers with Hepatitis C ther bld-brne diseases and bdy fluids The subject f OHSAA wrestlers participating with Hepatitis C and ther bdy fluid bld-brne diseases has cme t ur attentin. Dr. Randy Wrble (Chair f Jint Advisry Cmmittee n Sprt Medicine, Medical Directr f State Wrestling Turnament) wuld like t share the fllwing infrmatin: Hepatitis C is a cntagius viral disease. It is bld brne and is nt transmitted by clse cntact r saliva. Fr wrestling, the risk f transmissin wuld be mitigated by the prper use f the bld rules already in place. Further, the OHSAA requires medical clearance and a Hepatitis C issue shuld be addressed during the Pre-Participatin Physical Exam prcess. S unless the nset is acute, an athlete shuld nt require anther nte. Medically, athletes with Hepatitis C are allwed t participate in cntact sprts acrss the bard. The bld rules that Dr. Wrble alludes t abve, can be fund in great detail belw: "OHSAA Bld Clean-up Plicy & Prcedure" Ohi's bld plicy has been cnsistent fr many years, and includes the fllwing: 1. On first sight f bld, the wrestling fficial must stp the match immediately and start the five-minute bld clck fr the wrestler wh is bleeding. 2. The wrestler is allwed as many bld stppages as necessary nt t exceed the five-minute maximum allwable time. 3. The match fficial(s) are nt t be invlved with bld clean-up. They are t mnitr the time, ensure the bleeding is stpped, cleaned, and is safe fr all t cntinue the match. 4. The hst schl f the event is respnsible t designate bld clean-up by an apprved designated n-site health care prfessinal such as an athletic trainer, EMT, etc. 5. The hst schl is t prvide a number f necessary clean-up items; a plastic lined receptacle bucket t dispse f used cleaning materials. A spray bttle with the apprved disinfectant slutin, paper twels and rubber glves shuld be available and used at each table. Wrestlers are attended t first then all clean-up is the fficial s time. 6. D nt let children (yuth wrestlers) be the clean-up individual. This is a task fr the prper adult t handle. 7. Once the bld is cleaned, the used glves and paper twels all shuld be dispsed in the plastic lined bucket. The receptacles are dispsed and replaced regularly. 8. Bld time is nly fr time used t stp the bleeding. Any necessary clean-up time is the fficial's time. 9. If the bleeding is serius and gets n the unifrm f either wrestler, it must be immediately cleaned and diluted ut f the unifrm. 10. If, in the fficial's pinin, it is t heavy t be washed ut, the fficial shuld direct the wrestler t put n a clean unifrm. This may require the cach t bring an extra unifrm r fr the wrestler t replace his unifrm with anther teammate. Shuld the unifrm be disqualified frm cmpetitin, the fllwing prcedure will apply: The wrestler with an extra unifrm (r with the individual he will exchange), alng with the AHCP will have a five minute limit t clean the wrestler and return wearing a legal unifrm. Caches stay with the team. NOTE: Bld and all ther Bdy Fluids must be cleaned frm the skin f the wrestlers immediately. 33

34 Out-f-Bunds & Supprting Pint Interpretatin frm NFHS & Rule Bk Supprt Rule 5 SECTION 15 INBOUNDS NFHS Rule: 5-10 An escape is when the defensive wrestler gains a neutral psitin and the ppnent has lst cntrl, beynd reactin time, while a ttal f tw all the supprting pints f either wrestler are in bunds. The ttal f tw supprting pints culd be tw supprting pints f ne wrestler r ne supprting pint f each wrestler. If there is n actin at the edge f the mat, the referee shall stp the match. NFHS Rule Cntestants are cnsidered t be inbunds if a ttal f tw all the supprting pints f either wrestler are inside r n the bundary line. The ttal f tw supprting pints culd be tw supprting pints f ne wrestler r ne supprting pint f each wrestler that are inside r n the bundary line. NFHS Rule Supprting pints are the parts f the bdy within the wrestling area which may r may nt bear the wrestler s weight, ther than thse parts with which the wrestler is hlding the ppnent. a. When dwn n the mat, the usual pints f supprt are: 1. the knee(s); 2. the side f the thigh; 3. the buttcks; 4. the hand(s); 5. the head. b. When the defensive wrestler is n their back while the supprting pints f either wrestler are in bunds wrestling shall cntinue. In this situatin any part f the defensive wrestler s shulder r scapula is cnsidered t be all the supprting pints. c. Near-fall pints r fall shall be earned nly while the supprting pints f either wrestler are inbunds. In a pinning situatin, when all parts f the defensive wrestler s shulders/scapula are n the mat beynd the bundary line, if the feet including tes and heels f the ffensive wrestler are the supprting pints, the ffensive wrestler s knee(s) must be inside the bundary, whether in cntact with r abve the mat. NFHS Rule Wrestling shall cntinue as lng as a ttal f tw all the supprting pints f either wrestler are inside r n the bundary line. The ttal f tw supprting pints culd be tw supprting pints f ne wrestler r ne supprting pint f each wrestler that remain inbunds. If there is n actin at the edge f the mat, the referee shall stp the match 34