Comparison of reproductive performance of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) collected from three Indian rivers

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1 Indin J. Fish., 63(3): 57-62, 2016 DOI: /ijf Comprison of reprodutive performne of Clris trhus (Linneus, 1758) olleted from three Indin rivers RAVI CHARAN 1, KIRAN DUBE 2, P. P. SURESH BABU 3, S. DAM ROY 4, RUPAM SHARMA 2, P. SRINIVASA RAO 5, J. KRISHNA PRASAD 5 AND J. RAYMOND JANI ANGEL 4 1 Peninsulr nd Mrine Fish Geneti Resoures Centre, Ntionl Bureu of Fish Geneti Resoures, ICAR-Centrl Mrine Fisheries Reserh Institute Cmpus, Kohi , Kerl, Indi 2 ICAR-Centrl Institute of Fisheries Edution, Versov, Mumi , Mhrshtr, Indi 3 Cliut Reserh Centre of ICAR-Centrl Mrine Fisheries Reserh Institute, Cliut , Kerl, Indi 4 ICAR-Centrl Islnd Agriulturl Reserh Institute, Port Blir , Andmn nd Nior Islnds, Indi 5 Kkind Reserh Centre of ICAR-Centrl Institute of Fisheries Edution, Kkind , Andhr Prdesh, Indi e-mil: kirndr@ife.edu.in ABSTRACT A study ws onduted to ompre the reprodutive performne of Clris trhus (Linneus, 1758) olleted from three different rivers viz., Krishn in Andhr Prdesh, Godvri in Mhrshtr nd Nrmd in Mdhy Prdesh. Twenty pirs of rooders from eh lotion were rndomly seleted nd indued with pituitry extrt (P) nd ovprim (O). Reprodutive performne in terms of stripping perentge, pseudo gondo-somti index, spwning, feundity, fertilistion rte, hthing rte, nd survivl rte s well s fry rering performne in terms of perentge weight gin, speifi growth rte (SGR) nd survivl rte were monitored. Brooders olleted from Godvri exhiited signifintly (p<0.05) higher vlues for ll the reprodutive performnes inditors ompred to rooders olleted from Nrmd nd Krishn rivers. But fishes olleted from Krishn River exhiited signifintly higher (p<0.05) fry survivl. Fry produed from Godvri rooders ttined highest (p<0.05) perentge weight gin ( ±37.41), SGR (17.61±0.19) nd fry survivl rte (43.67±1.45) in omprison to Nrmd. Results lerly indited tht reprodutive performne vried signifintly mong the rooders olleted from the three different rivers. Keywords: Brooders, Clris trhus, Ovprim, Pituitry extrt, Reprodutive performne Introdution Among the indigenous tfishes, Clris trhus (Linneus, 1758), ommonly known s mgur, is one of the ommerilly importnt speies in Indi. Culture of this speies hs een identified s ntionl priority owing to its good demnd, deline in fishery, hrdy nture nd quulture potentil (Shrm et l., 2010). Mgur reeds one in yer during June to August in the nturl environment. However, popultion of this speies hs een redued drstilly during reent yers due to overfishing, hitt ltertions nd indisriminte use of pestiides in preferred nturl reeding grounds suh s pddy fields nd wetlnds (Goswmi, 2007; Khedkr et l., 2010). This speies is lssified under thretened tegory (Argungu et l., 2013), wrrnting the need for onservtion nd sustinle mngement. Studies on different spets in ptive reeding of C. trhus hs een rried out, suh s optimistion of reeding using different induing gents (Shoo et l., 2005; Hossin et l., 2006; Jgtp et l., 2015), stndrdistion of lteny period (Shoo et l., 2007; Jgtp et l., 2015) nd stripping response with different induing gents (Shoo et l., 2007). However the qulity of seed produed nd reeding performne in ptivity nnot e ssured due to poor qulity of rooders nd lk of suffiient knowledge on reprodutive trits in wild ondition, resulting in over dependeny on wild seed for stoking in ponds whih is uneonomil nd less sustinle (Kirn et l., 2013). Knowledge on reprodutive prmeters is prerequisite for designing proper mngement mesures in sustinle quulture (Fostier nd Jlert, 2004; Morgn, 2008) nd reprodutive performne hs een evluted in severl fish speies (Kmler, 2005; Telethe et l., 2009). Inter-popultion vrition in reltion to reprodutive trits in Slmo trutt (Linneus 1758) ws nlysed y Lie-lund nd Hindr (1990). Bgenl, (1971) studied the effet of geogrphil vrition on reprodutive trits in fishes. Similrly severl studies evluted the reprodutive prmeters mong vrious popultions in order to find out the reprodutively superior popultion (Esty et l., 2004; Alonso-Fernndez et l., 2013).

2 Rvi Chrn et l. 58 Geneti vrition mong mgur popultions from vrious rivers hve een doumented in Indi nd Bngldesh (Islm et l., 2007; Grg et l., 2010 nd Khedkr et l., 2016). But no study hs een rried out so fr on the reeding performne of this speies ross different geogrphil lotions in Indin wters. In this kdrop, the present study on reprodutive performne of mgur from three different rivers in Indi, evluted the differenes in reprodutive potentil of these geogrphilly isolted fishes. Mterils nd methods Fish olletion nd mintenne Adult C. trhus, (~70 nos. eh) were olleted from three different rivers in Indi viz., Krishn River from Vijywd Distrit in Andhr Prdesh (AP), Godvri from Chndrpur Distrit of Mhrshtr (MH) nd Nrmd from Bhopl Distrit in Mdhy Prdesh (MP) during April - My Breeding experiments were onduted in erthern ponds of the freshwter fish frm of the Kkind Reserh Centre of ICAR-Centrl Institute of Fisheries Edution (ICAR-CIFE), Andhr Prdesh. The fishes were seprted sed on olletion soure s well s sex nd mintined in erthen ponds of 200 m 2 (wter depth 1 m) for one month nd were fed with frm mde feed ontining 35% protein. Breeding of mgur y hormonl induement Breeding trils of mgur olleted from different lotions were rried out during July Femles hving soft, ulging grvid domen with reddish vent, round utton shped genitl ppill nd mles with inresed vsulristion on the pointed genitl ppill (Shoo et l., 2005), were used for the reeding progrmme. Twenty pirs of rooders from eh hitt were seleted for reeding. One set of ten pirs of rooders eh from ll the three lotions were injeted with rp pituitry extrt (P) nd seond set of ten pirs eh were given ovprim (O). Before giving injetion, totl length(m) nd totl weight (g) were reorded. Crp pituitry extrt ws prepred ording to Bhowmik (1990) nd femle rooders were given intr-musulr mg kg -1 ody weight (Goswmi nd Srm, 1997; Shoo et l., 2013). Syntheti induing gent ovprim (M/s Syndel Lortories, Cnd) ws dministered t dose of 1 ml kg -1 of ody weight of femle (Srivstv et l., 2012). Mles were given hlf the dose of respetive induing gent. After injetion, mles nd femles were kept seprtely in plsti tus holding 25 l pond wter. Reprodutive performne nlysis After the optimum lteny period of h (Shoo et l., 2007), stripping nd rtifiil fertilistion were rried out. Mles were srified nd the testes were refully removed, ut into smll piees, squeesed nd mixed with physiologil sline solution. Simultneously the femles were stripped nd eggs were olleted in smll len nd dry plsti trys. A th of smll quntity of eggs ws trnsferred to pre-weighed petriplte nd weighed in n eletroni lne (with n ury of g), for further nlysis of reeding prmeters. Before nd fter stripping, weight of the fishes ws noted to id in estimtion of stripped egg weight, stripping perentge, pseudo gondo-somti index (PGSI) nd spwning feundity. Stripping perentge ws lulted ording to Brzusk (2003) nd PGSI ws determined s per Adulrheem et l. (2012). Spwning feundity in eh set ws lulted s per Hossin nd Islm (1990). Ov dimeter studies were rried out using 30 eggs from eh individul femle using n oulr mirometer. Fertilistion rte ws lulted following Adeyo nd Popool (2008). Hthing nd lrvl rering of mgur ws rried out in the model mgur hthery t Kkind Centre of ICAR- CIFE. Fertilised eggs were olleted on Eihhorni roots nd shifted to retngulr FRP troughs (4.1 x1.6 x0.65 hving stedy wter level of 8 m) provided with flowthrough system nd ertion. Hthing ws ompleted etween 24 nd 28 h post-fertilistion nd the hthing rte ws determined y ounting the numer of two dys old hthlings ording to Hniff nd Sridhr (2002). Rering of hthlings ws rried out in the flow-through system till 4 th dy of stoking with stoking rte of 2000±200 hthlings per trough, provided with newly hthed Artemi nuplii s nuplii per lrv, four times dy. Stoking density ws redued to 1000±100 hthlings per trough till 12 th dy until the pperne of frequent vertil movements of fry nd they were fed with mixed zooplnkton (dominted y Moin 5 ml per trough (500 ells ml -1 ) nd tuifex worms t 15 % of ody weight. Uneten food ws removed fter 30 min. At the end of lrvl rering, survivl of fish ws estimted ording to Shinkfi nd Ilesnmi (2014). Fry rering trils Mgur fry were rered in retngulr FRP tnks (6 x 2 x1.5 ), provided with ertion. Erly fry were stoked t 250 nos. per tnk in three replites. The length nd weight of 25 lrve were reorded using mesuring sle nd eletroni lne respetively, prior to stoking nd t weekly intervls during rering. A stedy wter level of 25 m ws mintined in the tnks nd PVC pipes were pled in the tnks to provide shelter for the fishes. Every dy tnks were lened nd out 10-20% wter ws exhnged dily. The fishes were fed with mixed zooplnkton (dominted y Moin 10 ml per trough (500 ells ml -1 ) long with rumled feed (150 μ) hving 40% protein nd tuifex worm t 10% of ody weight three times dy) during entire rering period. Fel wste nd ded lrve were removed efore the next feeding. At the end of two weeks of rering, ll survived fry were olleted nd enumerted. The perentge

3 Reprodutive performne Clris trhus 59 weight gin, survivl rte nd speifi growth rte (SGR) were lulted ording to Shoo et l. (2004). Physio-hemil prmeters of wter in the hthery unit were nlysed dily following stndrd protools (APHA, 2000). Sttistil nlysis Sttistil nlysis of the dt ws rried out using Sttistil Pkge for the Soil Sienes (SPSS) softwre, version Differenes in reeding prmeters mong three groups of mgur were tested using one-wy nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) followed y Tukey s test t 5% level of signifine. Results nd disussion Physio - hemil prmeters of wter in the reeding nd lrvl rering systems viz., temperture, dissolved oxygen, totl lklinity nd ph reorded were: C, ppm, ppm nd respetively nd were well within the optimum rnge (Tuker, 1991) nd were uniform for ll the stoks. The study ws onduted during the pek reeding period of the speies nd the reprodutive indies suh s weight of stripped eggs, stripping perentge, spwning feundity, PGSI nd ov dimeter (Tle 1) were reorded for the two different induing gents viz., ovprim nd pituitry extrt seprtely. The pituitry glnd produes nd stores gondotropin hormones (GtH), whih ply deisive role in ovultion nd spermition (Rottmnn et l., 1991). Ovprim, syntheti gondotropin relesing hormone (GnRH), triggers pituitry to produe GtH whih is neessry for spwning (Rottmnn et l., 1991; Ynong et l., 2009). Although the mode of tion of these induing gents re different, the results of ll prmeters inditing reeding performne, otined in the present study were lmost similr. In the present study, the verge spwning feundity of mgur ws oserved in the rnge of 3600± to 9539±746.50, similr to the erlier studies (Goswmi, 2007; Shoo et l., 2007; Jtpt et l., 2015). Higher weight of stripped eggs nd spwning feundity were noted for mgur from Godvri followed y Krishn River for oth pituitry nd ovprim induement, wheres the vlue oserved for mgur from Nrmd ws found to e signifintly lower (p<0.05) for oth the induing gents. Stripping perentge lso vried signifintly (p<0.05) mong the fish olleted from different rivers nd ws highest in mgur from Godvri [14.57±1.026 (P); 11.82±0.184 (O)], followed y Krishn [9.74±0.286 (P); 9.90±1.149 (O)] nd Nrmd [10.04±0.498 (P); 9.17±0.457 (O)]. Similr vlues were oserved in losely relted speies Clris griepinus (De Grf et l., 1995; Shinkfi nd Ilesnmi, 2014). Sine stripping proess ws involved in the reeding progrmme, PGSI is employed s n index in the present study ording to Oyelese (2006) insted of GSI. From the Tle 1, it is evident tht PGSI ws signifintly higher (p<0.05) in Godvri group ompred to Krishn nd Nrmd. Ov dimeter of mgur olleted from Nrmd [ ± 0.30 µ (P); ±0.23 µ (O)] ws found to e signifintly higher (p<0.05) thn Krishn nd Godvri. Cheh et l. (1990) reported n ov dimeter of 99.0±0.11µ to 127±0.18 µ during ovultion; while, Thkur (1980) reported n ov dimeter of 150 µ inditing vrition in ov dimeter. Fertilistion rte (Fig. 1) of mgur from Godvri ws highest (p<0.05) (69.33±1.99); wheres tht of Nrmd ws the lowest (46.67±1.79). Fertilistion rte of 60-75% nd 70-72% were reported in mgur y Ro nd Jnkirm (1991) nd Srivstv et l. (2012) respetively. Hthing rte (Fig. 2) for mgur from Godvri ws found signifintly higher (p<0.05) (59±2.09), while mgur from Nrmd hd lowest vlues (38.67±0.75). Ro nd Jnkirm (1991) reported hthing rte in the rnge of 30-45%, while Srivstv et l. (2012) nd Shrm et l. (2010) reported rnge of 50-55% in C. trhus. Survivl rte of fry Fertilistion rte (%) Ovprim Pituitry Krishn Godvri Nrmd Fig.1. Fertiliztion rte (men ± SE) of Clris trhus olleted from different rivers. Brs with sme supersripts do not differ signifintly (p>0.05) Tle 1. Reprodutive indies of Clris trhus olleted from different Indin rivers. Rivers Length (m) Weight (g) Weight of stripped eggs (g) Stripping % Spwning feundity PGSI Ov dimeter (µ) PE Ovprim PE Ovprim PE Ovprim PE Ovprim PE Ovprim PE Ovprim PE Ovprim Krishn 28.12± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.29 Godvri 25.0± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.06 Nrmd 26.08± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.23 The vlues (men ± SE) ering sme supersript do not differ signifintly (p>0.05)

4 Rvi Chrn et l. 60 Hthing rte (%) Ovprim Pituitry Krishn Godvri Nrmd Fig. 2. Hthing rte (men ± SE) of Clris trhus olleted from different rivers. Brs with sme supersripts do not differ signifintly (p>0.05) (12 th dy) produed from mgur olleted from different rivers is given in Fig. 3. Survivl rte ws highest in mgur from Krishn (65.81 ± 0.9) (p<0.05) followed y Godvri (56 ± 0.79) nd the lowest vlue ws oserved in Nrmd group (44.87 ± 1.06). The fry rering performne indies suh s finl length nd weight, perentge weight gin, SGR nd survivl rte were reorded fter 14 dys of rering (Tle 2). Mgur fry from Godvri group exhiited higher performne ompred to Nrmd group (p<0.05). Our results from reeding trils reveled tht the reprodutive performne of fish olleted from Godvri is etter thn Nrmd nd Krishn (p<0.05). In fry rering tril, Godvri nd Krishn groups exhiited no signifint differene etween them, wheres oth the popultions exhiited signifintly different performne s ompred to Nrmd popultion. Vrious studies hve reported on the intr-speifi vrition in different reprodutive prmeters Survivl rte (%) Ovprim Pituitry Krishn Godvri Nrmd Fig. 3. Survivl rte (men ± SE) of fry produed from Clris trhus olleted from different rivers. Brs with sme supersripts do not differ signifintly (p>0.05) in fishes viz., Poeili retiult (Peters, 1860) (Svendsen et l., 2013); Lert vivipr (Von Jquin, 1787) (Buwens nd Verheyen, 1987) nd in severl Europen freshwter fishes (Blnk et l., 2007). The present findings in mgur from Indin rivers indite vritions in reprodutive prmeters etween popultions of sme speies. Control of reprodution is prerequisite for domestition of fish popultions. Hene it is essentil to evlute differenes in seleted reprodutive prmeters etween popultions of sme speies, prior to undertking lrge sle reeding nd domestition progrmmes for quulture. Our study highlights the differentil performne of reprodutive prmeters in mgur popultions from three Indin rivers inditing etter reprodutive pity of rooders from river Godvri in omprison to rooders from Krishn nd Nrmd rivers. The knowledge generted will e of use in hoosing rooders of mgur, C. trhus with superior reprodutive trits for designing reeding plns for sustinle quulture development in the ountry. Tle 2. Fry rering performne of Clris trhus from different rivers during two weeks of rering period. Rivers Initil length (mm) Initil weight (mg) Finl length (mm) Finl weight (mg) % Weight gin SGR (%) Survivl rte Krishn ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.4 Godvri 13.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.45 Nrmd ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 2.18 The vlues (men±se) ering sme supersript do not differ signifintly (p>0.05) Aknowledgements The uthors re extremely grteful to Dr. Gopl Krishn, Diretor nd Dr. W. S. Lkr, former Diretor, ICAR-Centrl Institute of Fisheries Edution (ICAR-CIFE), Mumi for the ontinuous enourgement during the period of the reserh work. Referenes Adulrheem, I., Otuusin, S. O. nd Olowofeso, O Indued reeding of Afrin tfish (Clris griepinus) under vrying roodstok rtios. Glol J. Si. Front. Res., 12(8-D). Adeyo, O. T. nd Popool, O. M Comprtive evlution of effiy nd ost of syntheti nd nonsyntheti hormones for rtifiil reeding of Afrin tfish (Clris griepinus Burhell, 1822). J. Fish. Aqut. Si., 3: Alonso-Fernndez, A., Alos, J. nd Plmer, M Vriility in reprodutive trits in the sex - hnging fish, Coris julis, in the Mediterrnen. Mediterr. Mr. Si., 15(1): APHA Stndrd methods for exmintion of wter nd wste wter, 21 st edn. Amerin Puli Helth Assoition, Wshington, DC, USA, 1268 pp.

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