CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO.

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1 Monthly Station Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days WYOMING NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE, DATA, AND INFORMATION SERVICE NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER ASHEVILLE, NC

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3 WYOMING Page 3 NOTES Product Description: This Climatography includes normals of monthly and annual maximum, minimum, and mean temperature (degrees F), monthly and annual total precipitation (inches), and heating and cooling degree days (base 65 degrees F). Normals stations include both National Weather Service Cooperative Network and Principal Observation (First-Order) locations in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Pacific Islands. Abbreviations: No. = Station Number in State Map Latitude = Latitude in degrees, minutes, and hemisphere (N=North, S=South) COOP ID = Cooperative Network ID (1:2=State ID, 3:6=Station Index) Longitude = Longitude in degrees, minutes, and hemisphere (W=West, E=East) WBAN ID = Weather Bureau Army Navy ID, if assigned Elev = Elevation in feet above mean sea level Elements = Input Elements (X=Maximum Temperature, Flag 1 = * if a published Local Climatological Data station N=Minimum Temperature, P=Precipitation) Flag 2 = + if WMO Fully Qualified (see Note below) Call = 3-Letter Station Call Sign, if assigned MAX = Normal Maximum Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) HIGHEST MEAN/YEAR = Maximum Mean Monthly Value/Year, MEAN = Average of MAX and MIN (degrees Fahrenheit) MEDIAN = Median Mean Monthly Value/Year, MIN = Normal Minimum Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) LOWEST MEAN/YEAR = Minimum Mean Monthly Value/Year, HDD = Total Heating Degree Days (base 65 degrees Fahrenheit) MAX OBS TIME ADJUSTMENT = Add to MAX to Get Midnight Obs. Schedule CDD = Total Cooling Degree Days (base 65 degrees Fahrenheit) MIN OBS TIME ADJUSTMENT = Add to MIN to Get Midnight Obs. Schedule Note: In 1989, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) prescribed standards of data completeness for the WMO Standard Normals. For full qualification, no more than three consecutive year-month values can be missing for a given month or no more than five overall values can be missing for a given month (out of 30 values). Stations meeting these standards are indicated with a '+' sign in Flag 2. Otherwise, stations are included in the normals if they have at least 10 year-month values for each month and have been active since January 1999 or were a previous normals station. Map Legend: Numbers correspond to No. in Station Inventory; Shaded Circles indicate Temperature and Precipitation Stations, Triangles (Point Up) indicate Precipitation-Only Stations, Triangles (Point Down) indicate Temperature-Only Stations, and Hexagons indicate stations with Flag 1 = *. Computational Procedures: A climate normal is defined, by convention, as the arithmetic mean of a climatological element computed over three consecutive decades (WMO,1989). Ideally, the data record for such a 30-year period should be free of any inconsistencies in observational practices (e.g., changes in station location, instrumentation, time of observation, etc.) and be serially complete (i.e., no missing values). When present, inconsistencies can lead to a nonclimatic bias in one period of a station s record relative to another, yielding an inhomogeneous data record. Adjustments and estimations can make a climate record homogeneous and serially complete, and allow a climate normal to be calculated simply as the average of the 30 monthly values. The methodology employed to generate the normals is not the same as in previous normals, as it addresses inhomogeneity and missing data value problems using several steps. The technique developed by Karl et al. (1986) is used to adjust monthly maximum and minimum temperature observations of conterminous U.S. stations to a consistent midnight-to-midnight schedule. All monthly temperature averages and precipitation totals are cross-checked against archived daily observations to ensure internal consistency. Each monthly observation is evaluated using a modified quality control procedure (Peterson et al.,1998), where station observation departures are computed, compared with neighboring stations, and then flagged and estimated where large differences with neighboring values exist. Missing or discarded temperature and precipitation observations are replaced using a weighting function derived from the observed relationship between a candidate s monthly observations and those of up to 20 neighboring stations whose observations are most strongly correlated with the candidate site. For temperature estimates, neighboring stations were selected from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN; Karl et al. 1990). For precipitation estimates, all available stations were potential neighbors, maximizing station density for estimating the more spatially variable precipitation values. Peterson and Easterling (1994) and Easterling and Peterson (1995) outline the method for adjusting temperature inhomogeneities. This technique involves comparing the record of the candidate station with a reference series generated from neighboring data. The reference series is reconstructed using a weighted average of first difference observations (the difference from one year to the next) for neighboring stations with the highest correlation with the candidate. The underlying assumption behind this methodology is that temperatures over a region have similar tendencies in variation. If this assumption is violated, the potential discontinuity is evaluated for statistical significance. Where significant discontinuities are detected, the difference in average annual temperatures before and after the inhomogeneity is applied to adjust the mean of the earlier block with the mean of the latter block of data. Such an evaluation requires a minimum of five years between discontinuities. Consequently, if multiple changes occur within five years or if a change occurs very near the end of the normals period (e.g., after 1995), the discontinuity may not be detectable using this methodology. The monthly normals for maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation are computed simply by averaging the appropriate 30 values from the record. The monthly average temperature normals are computed by averaging the corresponding monthly maximum and minimum normals. The annual temperature normals are calculated by taking the average of the 12 monthly normals. The annual precipitation and degree day normals are the sum of the 12 monthly normals. Trace precipitation totals are shown as zero. Precipitation totals include rain and the liquid equivalent of frozen and freezing precipitation (e.g., snow, sleet, freezing rain, and hail). For many NWS locations, indicated with an * next to HDD and CDD in the degree day table, degree day normals are computed directly from daily values for the period. For all other stations, estimated degree day totals are based on a modification of the rational conversion formula developed by Thom (1966), using daily spline-fit means and standard deviations of average temperature as inputs. References: Easterling, D.R, and T.C. Peterson, 1995: A new method for detecting and adjusting for undocumented discontinuities in climatological time series. Intl. J. Clim., 15, Karl, T.R., C.N. Williams, Jr., P.J. Young, and W.M. Wendland,1986: A model to estimate the time of observation bias associated with monthly mean maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures for the United States, J. Clim. Appl. Met., 25, Peterson, T.C., and D.R. Easterling, 1994: Creation of homogeneous composite climatological reference series. Intl. J. Clim., 14, Peterson,T.C., R. Vose, R. Schmoyer, and V. Razuvaev, 1998: Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) quality control of monthly temperature data. Intl. J. Clim., 18, Thom, H.C.S., 1966: Normal degree days above any base by the universal truncation coefficient, Month. Wea. Rev., 94, World Meteorological Organization, 1989: Calculation of Monthly and Annual 30-Year Standard Normals, WCDP-No. 10, WMO-TD/No. 341, Geneva: World Meteorological Organization. Release Date: Revised 02/2002* National Climatic Data Center/NESDIS/NOAA, Asheville, North Carolina

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5 WYOMING Page 5 STATION INVENTORY No. COOP ID WBAN ID Elements Station Name Call Latitude Longitude Elev Flag 1 Flag XNP AFTON N W XNP ALBIN N W XNP ALTA 1 NNW N W XNP ARCHER N W XNP BAGGS N W XNP BASIN N W XNP BATES CREEK NO N W XNP BEDFORD 3 SE N W XNP BIG PINEY BPI N W XNP BILLY CREEK N W XNP BITTER CREEK 4 NE N W XNP BLACK MOUNTAIN N W XNP BONDURANT N W XNP BORDER 3 N N W XNP BOULDER REARING STN N W XNP BOYSEN DAM N W XNP BUFFALO N W XNP BUFFALO BILL DAM N W XNP BURGESS JUNCTION N W XNP BURRIS N W XNP CARPENTER N W XNP CASPER NATRONA CO AP CPR N W 5338 * XNP CENTENNIAL 1 N N W XNP CHEYENNE MUNICIPAL AP CYS N W 6115 * XNP CHUGWATER N W XNP CHURCH BUTTES GAS PLT N W XNP CLARK 3 NE N W XNP CLEARMONT 5 SW N W XNP CODY N W XNP CODY 12 SE N W XNP CODY 21 SW N W XNP COLONY N W XNP CORA N W XNP DANIEL FISH HATCHERY N W XNP DARWIN RANCH N W XNP DEAD HORSE CREEK N W XNP DEAVER N W XNP DEVILS TOWER N W XNP DILLINGER N W XNP DIVERSION DAM N W XNP DOUBLE FOUR RANCH N W XNP DOUGLAS AVIATION 4DG N W XNP DUBOIS N W XNP DULL CENTER 1 SE N W XNP ECHETA 2 NW N W XNP ELK MOUNTAIN N W XNP EMBLEM N W XNP ENCAMPMENT 10 ESE N W XNP EVANSTON 1 E N W XNP FARSON 5 N N W XNP FONTENELLE DAM N W XNP GAS HILLS 4 E N W XNP GILLETTE 6 SE GCC N W XNP GLENROCK 5 ESE N W XNP GLENROCK 14 SSE N W XNP GRASS CREEK N W XNP GREEN RIVER N W XNP GREYBULL N W P GUERNSEY DAM NO N W XNP HEART MOUNTAIN N W P HECLA 1 E N W XNP HULETT N W XNP JACKSON N W XNP JEFFREY CITY N W XNP KAYCEE N W XNP KEELINE 3 W N W XNP KEELINE 7 SW N W XNP KEMMERER 2 N N W XNP LA BARGE N W XNP LA GRANGE N W

6 WYOMING Page 6 STATION INVENTORY No. COOP ID WBAN ID Elements Station Name Call Latitude Longitude Elev Flag 1 Flag XNP LAKE YELLOWSTONE P N W P LANCE CREEK 3 WNW N W XNP LANDER AP LND N W 5557 * XNP LARAMIE RGNL AP LAR N W XNP LARAMIE 2 NW N W XNP LEITER 9 N N W P LEO 6 SW N W XNP LOVELL N W XNP LUSK 2 SW N W XNP MEDICINE BOW N W XNP MERNA N W XNP MIDWEST N W XNP MOORCROFT 3 S N W XNP MOOSE N W XNP MORAN 5 WNW N W XNP MOUNTAIN VIEW N W XNP MUDDY GAP N W XNP NEWCASTLE N W XNP OLD FAITHFUL N W XNP OLD FORT LARAMIE N W XNP PATHFINDER DAM N W XNP PAVILLION N W XNP PHILLIPS N W XNP PINE BLUFFS N W XNP PINE BLUFFS 5 W N W XNP PINEDALE N W XNP POWDER RIVER NO N W XNP POWELL FIELD STATION N W P RAIRDEN 2 WSW N W XNP RAWLINS AP RWL N W XNP RECLUSE 11 NNW N W XNP REDBIRD N W XNP RIVERTON N W XNP ROCHELLE 3 E N W XNP ROCK SPRINGS AP RKS N W XNP SAGE 4 NNW N W XNP SARATOGA N W XNP SEMINOE DAM N W XNP SHELL N W XNP SHERIDAN AP SHR N W 3964 * XNP SHERIDAN FIELD STN N W XNP SHIRLEY BASIN N W P SHOSHONI N W XNP SNAKE RIVER N W XNP SOUTH PASS CITY N W XNP SUNDANCE N W XNP SUNSHINE 3 NE N W XNP SYBILLE RESEARCH UNIT N W XNP TEN SLEEP 4 NE N W XNP TEN SLEEP 16 SSE N W XNP THERMOPOLIS N W XNP THERMOPOLIS N W XNP THERMOPOLIS 25 WNW N W XNP TORRINGTON EXP FARM N W XNP TOWER FALLS N W XNP UPTON N W P UPTON 13 SW N W XNP WAMSUTTER N W XNP WAPITI 1 NE N W XNP WESTON 1 E N W XNP WHALEN DAM (USBR) N W XNP WHEATLAND 4 N N W XNP WORLAND N W XNP WORLAND MUNICIPAL AP WRL N W XNP YELLOWSTONE PARK MAMMOTH N W XNP YODER 2 WSW N W

7 WYOMING Page 7 TEMPERATURE NORMALS (Degrees Fahrenheit) 001 AFTON MAX MEAN MIN ALBIN MAX MEAN MIN ALTA 1 NNW MAX MEAN MIN ARCHER MAX MEAN MIN BAGGS MAX MEAN MIN BASIN MAX MEAN MIN BATES CREEK NO 2 MAX MEAN MIN BEDFORD 3 SE MAX MEAN MIN BIG PINEY MAX MEAN MIN BILLY CREEK MAX MEAN MIN BITTER CREEK 4 NE MAX MEAN MIN BLACK MOUNTAIN MAX MEAN MIN BONDURANT MAX MEAN MIN BORDER 3 N MAX MEAN MIN BOULDER REARING STN MAX MEAN MIN BOYSEN DAM MAX MEAN MIN BUFFALO MAX MEAN MIN BUFFALO BILL DAM MAX MEAN MIN BURGESS JUNCTION MAX MEAN MIN BURRIS MAX MEAN MIN CARPENTER MAX MEAN MIN CASPER NATRONA CO AP MAX MEAN MIN CENTENNIAL 1 N MAX MEAN MIN

8 WYOMING Page 8 TEMPERATURE NORMALS (Degrees Fahrenheit) 024 CHEYENNE MUNICIPAL AP MAX MEAN MIN CHUGWATER MAX MEAN MIN CHURCH BUTTES GAS PLT MAX MEAN MIN CLARK 3 NE MAX MEAN MIN CLEARMONT 5 SW MAX MEAN MIN CODY MAX MEAN MIN CODY 12 SE MAX MEAN MIN CODY 21 SW MAX MEAN MIN COLONY MAX MEAN MIN CORA MAX MEAN MIN DANIEL FISH HATCHERY MAX MEAN MIN DARWIN RANCH MAX MEAN MIN DEAD HORSE CREEK MAX MEAN MIN DEAVER MAX MEAN MIN DEVILS TOWER 2 MAX MEAN MIN DILLINGER MAX MEAN MIN DIVERSION DAM MAX MEAN MIN DOUBLE FOUR RANCH MAX MEAN MIN DOUGLAS AVIATION MAX MEAN MIN DUBOIS MAX MEAN MIN DULL CENTER 1 SE MAX MEAN MIN ECHETA 2 NW MAX MEAN MIN ELK MOUNTAIN MAX MEAN MIN

9 WYOMING Page 9 TEMPERATURE NORMALS (Degrees Fahrenheit) 047 EMBLEM MAX MEAN MIN ENCAMPMENT 10 ESE MAX MEAN MIN EVANSTON 1 E MAX MEAN MIN FARSON 5 N MAX MEAN MIN FONTENELLE DAM MAX MEAN MIN GAS HILLS 4 E MAX MEAN MIN GILLETTE 6 SE MAX MEAN MIN GLENROCK 5 ESE MAX MEAN MIN GLENROCK 14 SSE MAX MEAN MIN GRASS CREEK MAX MEAN MIN GREEN RIVER MAX MEAN MIN GREYBULL MAX MEAN MIN HEART MOUNTAIN MAX MEAN MIN HULETT MAX MEAN MIN JACKSON MAX MEAN MIN JEFFREY CITY MAX MEAN MIN KAYCEE MAX MEAN MIN KEELINE 3 W MAX MEAN MIN KEELINE 7 SW MAX MEAN MIN KEMMERER 2 N MAX MEAN MIN LA BARGE MAX MEAN MIN LA GRANGE MAX MEAN MIN LAKE YELLOWSTONE MAX MEAN MIN

10 WYOMING Page 10 TEMPERATURE NORMALS (Degrees Fahrenheit) 073 LANDER AP MAX MEAN MIN LARAMIE RGNL AP MAX MEAN MIN LARAMIE 2 NW MAX MEAN MIN LEITER 9 N MAX MEAN MIN LOVELL MAX MEAN MIN LUSK 2 SW MAX MEAN MIN MEDICINE BOW MAX MEAN MIN MERNA MAX MEAN MIN MIDWEST MAX MEAN MIN MOORCROFT 3 S MAX MEAN MIN MOOSE MAX MEAN MIN MORAN 5 WNW MAX MEAN MIN MOUNTAIN VIEW MAX MEAN MIN MUDDY GAP MAX MEAN MIN NEWCASTLE MAX MEAN MIN OLD FAITHFUL MAX MEAN MIN OLD FORT LARAMIE MAX MEAN MIN PATHFINDER DAM MAX MEAN MIN PAVILLION MAX MEAN MIN PHILLIPS MAX MEAN MIN PINE BLUFFS MAX MEAN MIN PINE BLUFFS 5 W MAX MEAN MIN PINEDALE MAX MEAN MIN

11 WYOMING Page 11 TEMPERATURE NORMALS (Degrees Fahrenheit) 097 POWDER RIVER NO 2 MAX MEAN MIN POWELL FIELD STATION MAX MEAN MIN RAWLINS AP MAX MEAN MIN RECLUSE 11 NNW MAX MEAN MIN REDBIRD MAX MEAN MIN RIVERTON MAX MEAN MIN ROCHELLE 3 E MAX MEAN MIN ROCK SPRINGS AP MAX MEAN MIN SAGE 4 NNW MAX MEAN MIN SARATOGA MAX MEAN MIN SEMINOE DAM MAX MEAN MIN SHELL MAX MEAN MIN SHERIDAN AP MAX MEAN MIN SHERIDAN FIELD STN MAX MEAN MIN SHIRLEY BASIN MAX MEAN MIN SNAKE RIVER MAX MEAN MIN SOUTH PASS CITY MAX MEAN MIN SUNDANCE MAX MEAN MIN SUNSHINE 3 NE MAX MEAN MIN SYBILLE RESEARCH UNIT MAX MEAN MIN TEN SLEEP 4 NE MAX MEAN MIN TEN SLEEP 16 SSE MAX MEAN MIN THERMOPOLIS MAX MEAN MIN

12 WYOMING Page 12 TEMPERATURE NORMALS (Degrees Fahrenheit) 122 THERMOPOLIS 2 MAX MEAN MIN THERMOPOLIS 25 WNW MAX MEAN MIN TORRINGTON EXP FARM MAX MEAN MIN TOWER FALLS MAX MEAN MIN UPTON MAX MEAN MIN WAMSUTTER MAX MEAN MIN WAPITI 1 NE MAX MEAN MIN WESTON 1 E MAX MEAN MIN WHALEN DAM (USBR) MAX MEAN MIN WHEATLAND 4 N MAX MEAN MIN WORLAND MAX MEAN MIN WORLAND MUNICIPAL AP MAX MEAN MIN YELLOWSTONE PARK MAMMOT MAX MEAN MIN YODER 2 WSW MAX MEAN MIN

13 WYOMING Page 13 PRECIPITATION NORMALS (Total in Inches) No. Station Name JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL 001 AFTON ALBIN ALTA 1 NNW ARCHER BAGGS BASIN BATES CREEK NO BEDFORD 3 SE BIG PINEY BILLY CREEK BITTER CREEK 4 NE BLACK MOUNTAIN BONDURANT BORDER 3 N BOULDER REARING STN BOYSEN DAM BUFFALO BUFFALO BILL DAM BURGESS JUNCTION BURRIS CARPENTER CASPER NATRONA CO AP CENTENNIAL 1 N CHEYENNE MUNICIPAL AP CHUGWATER CHURCH BUTTES GAS PLT CLARK 3 NE CLEARMONT 5 SW CODY CODY 12 SE CODY 21 SW COLONY CORA DANIEL FISH HATCHERY DARWIN RANCH DEAD HORSE CREEK DEAVER DEVILS TOWER DILLINGER DIVERSION DAM DOUBLE FOUR RANCH DOUGLAS AVIATION DUBOIS DULL CENTER 1 SE ECHETA 2 NW ELK MOUNTAIN EMBLEM ENCAMPMENT 10 ESE EVANSTON 1 E FARSON 5 N FONTENELLE DAM GAS HILLS 4 E GILLETTE 6 SE GLENROCK 5 ESE GLENROCK 14 SSE GRASS CREEK GREEN RIVER GREYBULL GUERNSEY DAM NO HEART MOUNTAIN HECLA 1 E HULETT JACKSON JEFFREY CITY KAYCEE KEELINE 3 W KEELINE 7 SW KEMMERER 2 N LA BARGE