Sources, Types and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management of MSW

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 Surces, Types and Cmpsitin f Municipal Slid Waste (MSW) Management f MSW Slid wastes include all slid r semislid materials that the prcessr n lnger cnsiders f sufficient value t retain. Befre starting t plan management activities, it is imprtant t knw as much abut MSW as pssible. 1

2 Imprtant Questins Imprtant questins that must be answered include the fllwing questins; What types and quantities f MSW will be received? At what rates will these types arrive? What types and quantities f materials have already been remved fr reuse and recycling? What prperties des MSW have as it is received? Hw d the prperties f MSW vary: hurly, daily, weekly, and seasnally? Imprtant Questins Hw d the prperties f MSW change during prcessing? What are prperties f MSW that are f ecnmic value? Which hazardus bjects must be remved? What cntaminants shuld be remved? What test and measurements can be perfrmed t btain answers t the abve questins? What range f variatins shuld be expected in the measured quantities and with what level f cnfidence? 2

3 Surces f Slid Wastes Residential Cmmercial Institutinal Cnstructin & Demlitin Municipal Slid Waste (MSW) Municipal Services Mining Industrial Agricultural Surces f SW within a cmmunity Textbk, Table 3-1 pp.41 Residential Industrial Cmmercial Surce Typical Waste Generatrs Types f Slid Wastes Single and multifamily dwellings Light and heavy manufacturing, fabricatin, cnstructin sites, pwer and chemical plants Stres, htels, restaurants, markets, ffice buildings, etc. Institutinal Schls, hspitals, prisns, gvernment centers. Same as cmmercial Fd wastes, paper, cardbard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard wastes, wd, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes (e.g., bulky items, cnsumer electrnics, white gds, batteries, il, tires), and husehld hazardus wastes). Husekeeping wastes, packaging, fd wastes, cnstructin and demlitin materials, hazardus wastes, ashes, special wastes. Paper, cardbard, plastics, wd, fd wastes, glass, metals, special wastes, hazardus wastes. Cnstructin & Demlitin Municipal services Manufacturing Prcesses Agricultural New cnstructin sites, rad repair, renvatin sites, demlitin f buildings Street cleaning, landscaping, parks, beaches, ther recreatinal areas, water and wastewater treatment plants. Heavy and light manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, pwer plants, mineral extractin and prcessing. Crps, rchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlts, farms. Wd, steel, cncrete, dirt, etc. Street sweepings; landscape and tree trimmings; general wastes frm parks, beaches, and ther recreatinal areas; sludge. Industrial prcess wastes, scrap materials, ffspecificatin prducts, slay, tailings. Spiled fd wastes, agricultural wastes, hazardus wastes (e.g., pesticides). 3

4 Surces f SW in USA 0,4% 1,4% 9,9% 11,9% Cnstructin & Demlitin 19,1% Agricultural Mining Industrial Municipal 57,3% Sludge Surce: USEPA Types and Surces f SW in EU 1% 16% 15% 6% 31% 31% Cnstructin & Demlitin Agriculture & Frestry Mining & Quarrying Manufacturing Municipal Energy Prductin Surce: Eurstat 4

5 Distributin f cmpnents f MSW Textbk, Table 3-3 pp.48 Waste Categry Residential and cmmercial (excluding special and hazardus wastes) Special (bulky items, cnsumer electrnics, white gds, yard wastes cllected seperately, batteries, il, and tires) Hazardus Percent by weight Range Typical Institutinal Cnstructin and Demlitin Municipal Services Street and alley cleanings Tree and landscaping Parks and recreatinal areas Catch basin Treatment Plant Sludges TOTAL 100 Distributin f MSW in USA Treatment plant 6,1% Institutinal 3,0% Special 5,0% Municipal services 9,1% Cnstructin and demlitin 14,1% Residential & cmmercial 62,6% 5

6 Surces f MSW in ISTANBUL Residential Cmmercial (including pen markets, slaughterhuses) Cal ash Street cleanings Turism activities (Eminönü, Beyğlu) Parks and recreatinal areas Cnstructin & demlitin Cmpsitin f Slid Wastes Distributin fr cmpnents in MSW vary with; Lcatin Seasn Ecnmic cnditins 6

7 Determinatin f the cmpsitin f MSW in the field Because f hetergeneus nature f MSW, determinatin f its cmpsitin is nt easy. Generalized field prcedures, based n cmmn sense and randm sampling techniques are used. Determinatin f the cmpsitin f MSW in the field A representative residential sample might be a trucklad resulting frm a typical weekday cllectin rute in a residential area. T btain a sample fr analysis, the lad is first quartered. 7

8 Determinatin f the cmpsitin f MSW in the field One part is selected fr additinal quartering until a sample size f abut 100 kg is btained. Sample is then separated manually and each cmpnent (glass, plastics, metal, paper etc.) is placed in seperated cntainers. Finally, weighed and weights are recrded Cmpsitin f MSW Cmpnent Cmpsitin f MSW, % by weight (Henry and Heinke, 1996) US & Canada France Helsinki, Finland Brisbane, Australia Egypt Paper Plastics Fd a Yard Metal Glass Rubber, wd, leather Miscellaneus a Fd and yard waste cmbined 8

9 Cmpsitin f MSW in USA Platstics 12.3% Glass 4.8% Others 3.5% Fd scraps 14.1% Rubber, leather & textiles 8.3% Yard trimmings 13.7% Wd 6.5% Paper and paperbard 28.2% Metals 8.6% USEPA: MSW in US-2009 Facts and Figures Cmpnents f MSW in Australia Plastic 2.9% Metals 7.1% Other plastic 4.4% Glass 6.8% Paper/Cardbard 9.9% Others 3.4% Fd/kitchen waste 38.1% Other rganic 3.2% Wd/timber 6.4% Green waste 17.8% Surce: 9

10 Cmpsitin f MSW in Türkiye Surce: Kaynak: Katı Atık Ana Planı Prjesi Factrs Affecting Generatin Rates Seasnal Changes Weekly and Daily Variatins Surce Type Family Size Cllectin Practice Infrastructure Ppulatin Density Ecnmy Statistical Prperties 10

11 MSW Generatin Rates Cuntry MSW generatin rate (kg/persn/year) Cuntry MSW generatin rate (kg/persn/year) Iceland 1,030 USA 531 Canada 760 Sweden 468 Australia 690 Japan 410 Nrway 675 Turkey 330 Denmark 667 Thailand 300 Germany 640 China 290 UK 599 India 180 France 555 Bangladesh 160 MSW Generatin Rates 11

12 MSW Generatin and Cmpsitin in Eurpe MSW generatin rates and cmpsitin at different prsperity levels in Eurpean cities. Beigl P, Wassermann G, Schneider F and Salhfer S. Frecasting Municipal Slid Waste Generatin in Majr Eurpean Cities, iemss 2004 Int. Cnference, June, Osnabrück, Germany MSW Generatin Rates in Asia Surce: Human Develpment Index,

13 Materials recvered fr recycling frm MSW (p.61, Table 3-10) Recyclable Material Aluminum Paper Old Newspaper Crrugated Cardbard High-Grade Paper Mixed Paper Plastics Plyethylene Terephthalate (PETE/1) High-density Plyetylene (HDPE/2) Plyvinyl Chlride (PVC/3) Lw-density Plyetylene(LDPE/4) Plyprpylene (PP/5) Plystyrene (PS/6) Multilayer and ther(7) Mixed Plastics Glass Ferrus Metal Sft drink and beer cans Types f Materials r Uses Newsstand and hme-delivered newspaper Bulk packaging Cmputer paper Varius mixtures f clean paper Sft drink bttles, salad dressing bttles,etc. Milk jugs, water cntainers, detergent etc. Hme landscaping irrigatin piping Thin-film packaging and wraps Clsures and labels fr bttles and cntainers Packaging fr electrnic and electrical cmpnents Multi-layered packaging, ketchup and mustard bttles Varius cmbinatins f the abve prducts Clear,green, and brwn glass bttles and cntainers Tin cans, white gds, and ther metals Materials recvered fr recycling frm MSW (p.61, Table 3-10) Recyclable Material Nn-ferrus Metals Yard Wastes, cllected separately Organic Fractin f MSW Cnstructin & Demlitin Waste Wd Waste Oil Tires Lead-acid batteries Aluminum, cpper, lead, etc. Types f Materials r Uses Used t prepare cmpst; bimass fuel; intermediate landfill cver Used t prepare cmpst fr sil applicatins; cmpst fr use as intermediate landfill cver; methane; ethanl and ther rganic cmpunds; refuse-derived fuel (RDF) Sil, asphalt, cncrete, wd, dry wl, metals Packing Materials, pallets, scraps, and used wd frm cnstructin prcess Autmbile and truck il; reprcessed fr reuse r fuel Autmbile and truck tires; rad building material; fuel Autmbile and truck batteries; shredded t recver individual cmpnents such as acid, plastics and lead Husehld Batteries Ptential recvery f zinc, mercury, and silver 13