A Limited Survey of Biota in Devils and Stump Lakes, North Dakota

Transcription

1 University of Nebrsk - Lincoln DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln US Fish & Wildlife Publictions US Fish & Wildlife Service A Limited Survey of Biot in Devils nd Stump Lkes, North Dkot Dwight Willimson Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Terry Dick Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Dvid Green Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Hedy Kling Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Dniel Rheult Mnitob Wter Stewrdship See next pge for dditionl uthors Follow this nd dditionl works t: Willimson, Dwight; Dick, Terry; Green, Dvid; Kling, Hedy; Rheult, Dniel; Ross, Lisette; nd Slki, Alex, "A Limited Survey of Biot in Devils nd Stump Lkes, North Dkot" (2005). US Fish & Wildlife Publictions This Article is brought to you for free nd open ccess by the US Fish & Wildlife Service t DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln. It hs been ccepted for inclusion in US Fish & Wildlife Publictions by n uthorized dministrtor of DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln.

2 Authors Dwight Willimson, Terry Dick, Dvid Green, Hedy Kling, Dniel Rheult, Lisette Ross, nd Alex Slki This rticle is vilble t DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln:

3 A Limited Survey of Biot in Devils nd Stump Lkes, North Dkot Mnitob s Contribution to Multi-Jurisdictionl Collbortive Assessment Coordinted by the United Sttes Council on Environmentl Qulity Prepred by Dwight Willimson, Terry Dick, Dvid Green, Hedy Kling, Dniel Rheult, Lisette Ross, nd Alex Slki November, 2005 Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Report No

4 Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Report No November, 2005 A Limited Survey of Biot in Devils nd Stump Lkes, North Dkot Mnitob s Contribution to Multi-Jurisdictionl Collbortive Assessment Coordinted by the United Sttes Council on Environmentl Qulity Dwight Willimson, Terry Dick, Dvid Green, Hedy Kling, Dniel Rheult, Lisette Ross, nd Alex Slki Mnitob Wter Stewrdship Printed on Recycled Pper

5 Willimson (1), D.A., T.A. Dick (2), D. Green (1), H. Kling (3), D. Rheult (1), L. Ross (4), nd A. Slki (5) A limited survey of biot in Devils nd Stump lkes, North Dkot - Mnitob s contribution to multi-jurisdictionl collbortive ssessment coordinted by the United Sttes Council on Environmentl Qulity. Wter Science nd Mngement Brnch. Mnitob Deprtment of Wter Stewrdship Report Number SUMMARY A multi-jurisdictionl, multi-gency biologicl survey ws conducted on Devils nd Stump lkes in lte July The survey ws initited by the United Sttes Council on Environmentl Qulity. Prticipnts included the Council on Environmentl Qulity, Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources, North Dkot Gme nd Fish Deprtment, North Dkot Deprtment of Helth, North Dkot Stte Wter Commission, Mnitob Wter Stewrdship, Environment Cnd, Fisheries nd Ocens Cnd, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Deprtment of Stte, nd U.S. Fish nd Wildlife Service. Devils Lke is nominlly prt of the Hudson By bsin, but is locted in closed subbsin which until recently, ws only rrely connected hydruliclly to the rest of the bsin. The lst mjor trnsfer of wter from Devils Lke occurred nturlly to the Sheyenne River bout 1000 yers go. The purpose of this survey ws to gin better understnding of whether or not biologicl species of concern my be present in Devils Lke. Species of concern re those tht my cuse ecologicl or economic impcts if introduced to new hbitts. While the focus of the survey ws on 12 species known to be of concern elsewhere such s zebr mussels nd on fish pthogens nd prsites, the phytoplnkton, zooplnkton, nd benthic invertebrte communities were lso ssessed. Striped bss ws identified s the 13 th species of concern but no specific smpling ws conducted to trget this fish. The purpose of this report is to describe the findings from the ssessment of the phytoplnkton, zooplnkton, nd benthic invertebrte component of the collbortive ssessment undertken by Mnitob Wter Stewrdship nd to provide n overview of results from components completed by other prticipting gencies. Principle findings re s follows: (1) Not unexpectedly, this brief survey of biot in Devils nd Stump lkes identified some differences in the biologicl communities compred to Lke Winnipeg, the world s 10 th lrgest freshwter lke, nd its contributing bsin. (1) Wter Science nd Mngement Brnch, Mnitob Wter Stewrdship. (2) Arctic Fish Technology, 35 Mclester By, Winnipeg MB R3T 2X6 (2) Algl Txonomy nd Ecology Inc., 31 Lvl Drive, Winnipeg MB R3T 2X8 (3) 3 Shorecrest Drive, Winnipeg MB R3P 1N2 (4) Zooplnkton Txonomy nd Ecology, Deprtment of Fisheries nd Ocens Cnd, Freshwter Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N6

6 Pge ii (2) None of the trgetted 12 known species of concern were found in this survey of Devils Lke. While efforts were not undertken in this survey to specificlly trget striped bss, 13 th species of concern, it is unlikely tht this stocked species still survives in Devils Lke since the lst one ws cptured in No unique tx were found in the benthic invertebrte community from Devils nd Stump lkes tht hve not been found in Mnitob. (3) Phytoplnkton species Nodulri spumigen, Chetoceros muelleri, Cmpylodiscus clypeis, nd Surirell peisonis nd the crustcen clnoid copepod Diptomus nevdensis re present in Devils nd Stump lkes nd not in Lke Winnipeg lmost certinly becuse of their preference for highly sline hbitts, nd likely would not survive if introduced to Lke Winnipeg. Consequently, they re likely not species of concern. (4) The cynobcteril community in Devils nd Stump lkes is dominted by severl species in the Microcystis complex wheres few species of Microcystis re found in Lke Winnipeg. Species potentilly unique to Devils Lke include the tropicl or subtropicl M. cf pnniformis, nd M. cf protocystis, nd wht ppers to be Pnnus sp.. In ddition, fourth tropicl or subtropicl blue-green ws lso identified s probbly Spherocvum sp. nd hs not been previously observed in Lke Winnipeg. It is not known whether these four blue-greens re ecomorphs tht hve dpted to the environment (temperture, nutrient sttus, nd trophic condition) in Devils nd Stump Lkes or whether they re indeed seprte species. It is lso not known whether these tx hve hd recent nd regulr opportunity to colonize Lke Winnipeg, but none hve been identified in studies conducted between 1994 nd In ddition, insufficient informtion is vilble to determine whether these species re cpble of dpting nd becoming estblished in Lke Winnipeg nd becoming species of concern if introduced to Lke Winnipeg for the first time. (5) With the exception of Renibcterium slmoninrum, no fish pthogens listed in the U.S. Fish nd Wildlife Service s Ntionl Wild Fish Helth Survey were detected. These re fish pthogens known to cuse disese in cultured or wild fish nd tht re included in most fish helth inspection progrms. Antigens for Renibcterium slmoninrum, the gent responsible for bcteril kidney disese, were detected in 97.4 % of the 313 fish specimens by the ELISA screening test. However, 21 fish were tested with more specific ssy nd the presence of Renibcterium slmoninrum could not be confirmed. Infesttions of bcteril kidney disese hve occurred in the pst in Mnitob fish htcheries where it hs ffected trout species (6) Three fish prsites remin potentil species of concern for Mnitob: () Although Gyrodctylus hoffmni ws not detected in the present survey, it ws detected in n erlier survey of Devils Lke. It is not known whether Gyrodctylus hoffmni is no longer present in Devils Lke or ws not detected during the present survey becuse it is not widespred nd the smple size ws too smll to llow its presence to be detected. If it still exists in Devils Lke, it would remin species of potentil concern to Mnitob. This prsite normlly ffects fthed minnows, smll bitfish.

7 Pge iii (b) (c) The externl prsite Epistylis sp., lso previously known to exist in Devils Lke but not elsewhere in the Hudson By bsin including Lke Winnipeg, ws detected in the present survey. This prsite is species of potentil concern since it hs not been reported from Mnitob nd becuse it hs been reported to cuse disese nd sometimes mortlity in members of the Centrrchide or bss fmily. Trichodin sp. ws detected on wlleye, white bss, nd yellow perch from Devils Lke during the present survey. This externl fish prsite hd not previously been found in Devils Lke but hs been reported to be widespred in both fresh nd mrine wters. However, it hs not been reported from Mnitob including Lke Winnipeg, so it is potentil species of concern to Mnitob. Most if not ll trichodines re potentilly pthogenic to fish nd sometimes cuse mortlity.

8 Pge iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Specil thnks re extended to Mr. Bryn Arroyo of the United Sttes Council on Environmentl Qulity for providing overll coordintion of this survey nd to Mr. Terry Steinwnd of the North Dkot Deprtment of Gme nd Fish for mnging field logistics. The survey ws guided throughout by representtives from prticipting gencies including Dr. Kevin Csh, Environment Cnd; Mr. Rndll Devendorf, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers St. Pul District; Dr. Jeffrey Fisher nd Ms. Chrity F. Dennis, U.S. Deprtment of Stte; Dr. Willim Frnzin, Fisheries nd Ocens Cnd; Mr. Mike Noone, North Dkot Stte Wter Commission; Ms. Lee Pfnnmuller, Stte of Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources; Mr. Mike Suer, North Dkot Deprtment of Helth; Mr. Terry Steinwnd, North Dkot Gme nd Fish Deprtment; nd Dr. Dve Wright, Stte of Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources.

9 Pge v TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY...i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...iv TABLE OF CONTENTS...v INTRODUCTION...1 METHODS...1 Figure 1. Devils Lke, North Dkot, nd its sub-bsin within the interntionl Red River bsin...2 Figure 2. Smpling sites for phytoplnkton, zooplnkton, nd benthic invertebrtes on Devils nd Stump lkes...3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...3 OVERVIEW OF TARGETTED SURVEYS FOR KNOWN SPECIES OF CONCERN, FISH PATHOGENS, AND FISH PARASITES...5 CONCLUSIONS...7 REFERENCES...9 Tble 1: Phytoplnkton in smples collected from Devils nd Stump lkes Tble 2: Zooplnkton in smples collected from Devils nd Stump lkes Tble 3: Benthic invertebrtes in smples collected from Devils nd Stump lkes...15

10 INTRODUCTION Devils Lke is nominlly prt of the Hudson By bsin (Figure 1), but is locted in closed sub-bsin which until recently, ws only rrely connected hydruliclly to the rest of the bsin. The lst mjor trnsfer of wter from Devils Lke occurred nturlly to the Sheyenne River bout 1000 yers go. Within Mnitob, the Hudson By bsin includes Lke Winnipeg, the world s 10 th lrgest freshwter lke. Mnitob Wter Stewrdship ws invited to prticipte by the U.S. President s Council on Environmentl Qulity in multi-jurisdictionl, multidisciplinry effort to undertke biologicl survey of Devils nd Stump lkes, North Dkot. The purpose of this survey ws to gin better understnding of whether or not biologicl species of concern my be present in Devils Lke. Species of concern re those tht my cuse ecologicl or economic impcts if introduced to new hbitts. In ddition to providing ssistnce to other members of the tem to trget number of known invsive species or species of concern including fish pthogens nd prsites, Mnitob Wter Stewrdship with the kind ssistnce of personnel from North Dkot Helth, collected smples throughout the lkes for nlyses of phytoplnkton, zooplnkton, nd benthic invertebrtes. A brief overview follows of these findings nd, in ddition, the min results of principl interest to Mnitob from other components of the collbortive ssessment re lso summrized from Arroyo (2005), Hudson nd Peters (2005), Montz (2005), nd Perleberg (2005). METHODS Smpling loctions re shown in Figure 1. Smples were collected from Devils nd Stump lkes during the period July 27, 2005 to July 29, Smples were collected in duplicte in few cses nd triplicte t most sites. Smple loctions were recorded using Globl Positioning System. The bot ws nchored during smple collection nd time, generl wether conditions such s wind direction nd estimted velocity, cloud cover, surfce wter temperture, nd smpling depth were recorded. Surfce wter temperture nd depths t ech site were determined with n electronic echo sounder. Phytoplnkton smples were collected with the use of Wisconsin-style net with mouth opening of 10 cm nd totl length of 52 cm. The mesh size of the net ws pproximtely 45 to 50 µm. Smples were fixed in the field with Lugol s solution nd 70 % lcohol ws dded lter for full preservtion. One qurter to ½ ml liquots were tken from ech smple bottle nd nlyzed in 2 ml utermohl chmber using n M40 Wild Inverted Microscope t mgnifictions of 234X, 468X, nd 938X. The phytoplnkton present were ssessed qulittively primrily for dominnt tx. The following txonomic references were used for identifying the dominnt cynobcteri: Komrek nd Angnostidis (1999), Komrek nd Komrkov (2002), Azevedo nd Snt Ann (2003), nd Snt Ann et l. (2004). Zooplnkton smples were collected with Wisconsin-style net with mouth opening of 25 cm nd length of 100 cm. The first three sites (3C01, 3C02, nd 3C03) were smpled with net of 72 µm mesh nd the reminder were smpled with net of 65 µm. Use of the slightly finer second net, necessitted by dmge to the first, did not bis zooplnkton species composition. Smples were immeditely preserved with 70 % lcohol. Two - 1 ml liquots

11 Pge 2 Figure 1. Devils Lke, North Dkot, nd its sub-bsin within the interntionl Red River bsin.

12 Pge 3 Figure 2. Smpling sites for phytoplnkton, zooplnkton, nd benthic invertebrtes on Devils nd Stump lkes. were tken from ech smple nd exmined under compound microscope t severl mgnifictions (25X to 160X). The crustcen plnkton present were qulittively but not quntittively ssessed. Identifictions followed Brooks (1957), Wilson (1959), nd Yetmn (1959). Benthic invertebrte smples were collected from the lke bottom with 23 cm by 23 cm by 32 cm Ekmn dredge. Dredge smples were wshed through Nitex nylon bg with 500 µm mesh. Smples were immeditely preserved with 70 % lcohol. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Phytoplnkton dt re listed in Tble 1. Within the phytoplnkton community of Devils nd Stump lkes, there were two fetures tht differed from Lke Winnipeg nd the downstrem environment. First, there re number of typiclly sline species present in smples collected

13 Pge 4 from estern portions of Devils Lke nd Stump Lke tht re not found in Lke Winnipeg. These included the nitrogen-fixing filmentous blue green Nodulri spumigen nd the ditoms Chetoceros cf muelleri, Cmpylodiscus clypeis, nd Surirell peisonis. It is likely tht these species could not survive in Lke Winnipeg becuse of its low slt content. The three ditoms were present historiclly in nerby Lke Mnitob nd Nodulri is present in sline lkes in Ssktchewn. The species of Chetoceros currently in the northern prt of Lke Mnitob ppers much smller nd more frgile thn Chetoceros cf muelleri from Devils Lke so it my be different species (this cn only be confirmed by viewing the resting stges nd by exmintion of the specimens with scnning electron microscopy). Second, the cynobcteril community in Devils Lke is dominted by severl species in the Microcystis complex wheres few Microcystis spp. re found in Lke Winnipeg. A number of these Microcystis species were identified from Devils Lke tht hve not been found in Lke Winnipeg. Species potentilly unique to Devils Lke include M. cf pnniformis, nd M. cf protocystis, nd wht ppers to be species similr to Pnnus spumos in cell rrngement nd colony formt but with lrger cells rrnged in 1 to 3 lyers. These specimens re lso similr to species described from Belgium s Pnnus leloupii but recently trnsferred to the genus Spherocvum (Azevedo nd Snt Ann 2003). Both gener re new nd reltively poorly known so it is possible tht they re new species. It would be necessry to compre these specimens to type mteril to confirm their identity. The first two re tropicl or subtropicl species tht typiclly inhbit lkes nd reservoirs t more southern ltitudes. In ddition, fourth txon ws lso identified s Spherocvum sp. nd it similrly hs not been previously observed in Lke Winnipeg. This genus Spherocvum, ws initilly described from Brzil but s mentioned bove, hs since hd non-tropicl species trnsferred to the genus. Morphotypes typicl of the bove tx re uncommon in temperte lkes but were observed in Devils Lke plnkton smples nd hve not been found in Lke Winnipeg in studies conducted between 1994 nd Little is known bout these species or their toxicity in Devils Lke or other temperte North Americn wters. Cynobcteri re n importnt component of the lgl community since mny species cn produce potent toxins. The Microcystis species, with the exception of M. wesenbergii nd M. botrys, hve been recorded s being cpble of producing toxins. To-dte, species of both Pnnus nd Spherocvum re not known to produce toxins but vilble informtion is limited. It is not known whether these four blue-greens re eco-types tht hve dpted to the environment (temperture, nutrient sttus, nd trophic condition) in Devils nd Stump Lkes, whether they re morphotypes of other tx, or re well-defined species. It is lso not known whether they hve hd recent nd regulr opportunity to colonize Lke Winnipeg. However, it is known from nlysis of phytoplnkton smples since the mid-1990s, tht these morphotypes re currently not present in the Lke Winnipeg phytoplnkton community. In ddition, insufficient informtion is vilble to determine whether they re species of concern if introduced to Lke Winnipeg for the first time. Since mny of the lgl species from Devils Lke nd Lke Winnipeg re similr, it is resonble to ssume tht some of morphotypes in Devils Lke will eventully be ble to dpt to the Lke Winnipeg environment. Morphotypes mong the min nitrogen fixing cynobcteri Aphnizomenon nd Anben from Devils Lke pper to be similr to those found in Lke Winnipeg. The

14 Pge 5 exception is the presence of Nodulri spumigen, species typicl of more sline lkes. It is not currently found in Lke Winnipeg, nor in Lke Mnitob but hs been found in sline lkes further west in Ssktchewn. Its survivl in Lke Winnipeg is unlikely but lso unknown. The crustcen zooplnkton community dt re listed in Tble 2. The network of smpling sttions on Devils Lke nd Stump Lke ws judged to be dequte to chrcterize the mid-summer zooplnkton community composition. A more complete ssessment of the plnkton community would be gined from smpling during the spring nd fll periods s well. Ech of the zooplnkton species identified in the Devils Lke nd Stump Lke smples re known to occur in the Nelson River dringe bsin nd other prts of Cnd (Ptls et l., 1994). However, Diptomus nevdensis, found in smples collected from Stump Lke, hs not been previously recorded from Lke Winnipeg. This species hs been identified in 15 lkes in western Cnd, minly in Ssktchewn nd Albert, s well s in Montn nd Nevd. At lest in western Cnd, D. nevdensis is found in highly sline bodies of wter tht re lso endorheic (closed bsins) (Hmmer 1998), so it is uncertin whether this species hd opportunity to colonize Lke Winnipeg in recent times. However, during the erly prt of the post-glcil period, it would hve hd opportunity to rech Lke Winnipeg but likely did not become estblished becuse of its preference for more sline conditions. Benthic invertebrtes re listed in Tble 3. No tx were found tht hve not been previously identified from Mnitob. OVERVIEW OF TARGETTED SURVEYS FOR KNOWN SPECIES OF CONCERN, FISH PATHOGENS, AND FISH PARASITES Smpling efforts on Devils Lke were focussed on locting specimens of the following 12 known species of concern (Arroyo 2005, Montz 2005, nd Perleberg 2005): Mcrophytes flowering rush (Butomus umbelltus) Eursin wter milfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) curly lef pondweed (Potmogeton crispus) brittle nid (Njs minor) Invertebrtes rusty cryfish (Orconectes rusticus) zebr mussels (Dreissen polymorph) qugg mussel (Dreissen bugensis) Chinese mystery snil (Cipngopludin spp.) spiny wter fle (Bythotrephes cederstroemi) n exotic dphniid (Dphni lumholtzi) New Zelnd mud snil (Potmopyrgus ntipodrum) n exotic mphipod (Echinogmmrus ischnus)

15 Pge 6 None of these 12 known species of concern were locted during the limited survey conducted in Devils Lke from July 25 to 30, While striped bss (Morone sxtilis) ws lso identified s n dditionl known species of concern in Devils Lke, no specific smpling ws trgetted during this limited survey for this species. Arroyo (2005) indicted tht pst work conducted in Devils Lke by the North Dkot Deprtment of Gme nd Fish did not yield surviving dults since 1993 nd therefore, it is unlikely tht striped bss still exist in Devils Lke. About 300 fish were collected from Devils Lke nd tested for specific fish pthogens tested (Hudson nd Peters 2005) using protocols from the U. S. Fish nd Wildlife Service s Ntionl Wild Fish Helth Survey. Fish species collected included northern pike, wlleye, yellow perch, common sucker, blck crppie, white bss, nd fthed minnow. The ntigen of the bcterium Renibcterium slmoninrum, responsible for bcteril kidney disese, ws detected t low levels in lmost ll fish (97.4 %) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent ssy (ELISA) screening procedures. However, ctive infection could not be confirmed using specific DNA-bsed polymerse chin rection (PCA) ssy, lthough only 21 individuls out of the 313 fish collected were subjected to this ltter specific ssy. Infesttions of bcteril kidney disese hve occurred in the pst in Mnitob fish htcheries where it hs ffected trout species. No other fish pthogens listed by the U.S. Fish nd Wildlife Service s Ntionl Wild Fish Helth Survey were detected. These re fish pthogens known to cuse disese in cultured or wild fish nd tht re included in most fish helth inspection progrms. Hudson nd Peters (2005) reported tht no externl or internl signs of bcteril kidney disese, other fish diseses, or bnormlities were observed. Mnitob hd previously identified the fish prsite Gyrodctylus hoffmni s being species of concern since it hd been found in Devils Lke on fthed minnows (Pimephles promels) (Reinesch 1981) but hd not been reported elsewhere from the Hudson By bsin including Lke Winnipeg. Gyrodctylus is comprised of number of species of fltworms tht ttch themselves to the gills of fish, destroy gill tissue, nd sometimes becoming lethl prticulrly in fish rering ponds. During the present survey on Devils Lke by the U.S. Fish nd Wildlife Service, Gyrodctylus hoffmni ws not found (Hudson nd Peters 2005). It is not known whether Gyrodctylus hoffmni is no longer present in Devils Lke or ws not detected during the present survey becuse it is not widespred nd the smple size ws too smll to llow its presence to be detected. The externl prsite Epistylis sp., lso previously known to exist in Devils Lke (Peterson Environmentl Consulting Ltd. 2002) but not elsewhere in the Hudson By bsin including Lke Winnipeg, ws detected in skin scrpings from single yellow perch in the present survey. Epistylis sp. hs been reported from the southwestern United Sttes where it hs cused red sore disese nd sometimes mortlity in members of the Centrrchide or bss fmily. It hs been reported in wter bodies with high orgnic lods, therml pollution, nd in combintion with the bcteril pthogen Aeromons hydrophil.

16 Pge 7 Trichodin sp. ws detected in skin scrpings from wlleye, white bss, nd yellow perch from Devils Lke during the present survey nd hd not been reported previously (Peterson Environment Consulting Ltd. 2002). This externl prsite hs been reported to be widespred in both fresh nd mrine wters but hs not been reported from Mnitob including Lke Winnipeg. Most if not ll trichodines re potentilly pthogenic to fish nd sometimes cuse mortlity. About 190 species hve been described worldwide. This prsite is found on the surfce of the body, gills, operculr cvity, nd nsl pits. They occur in low numbers on helthy fish but cn rpidly proliferte on fish tht become stressed for exmple, during overwintering. Chronic impirment of helth is probbly more importnt thn outbreks of mortlity but reduced growth in infected fish hs been reported. As with other components of this limited survey of Devils Lke, Hudson nd Peters (2005) cutioned tht while n dequte smple size ws obtined for some species t some smple sites, too few smples were obtined for other species to estblish the presence or bsence of fish pthogens with good confidence. As well, fish diseses my be more pprent t times of the yer other thn lte July when individuls re under stress, such s immeditely fter spwning. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded tht: (1) Not unexpectedly, this brief survey of biot in Devils nd Stump lkes identified some differences in the biologicl communities compred to Lke Winnipeg nd its contributing bsin. (2) None of the trgetted 12 known species of concern were found in this survey of Devils Lke. While efforts were not undertken in this survey to specificlly trget striped bss, it is unlikely tht this stocked species still survives in Devils Lke since the lst one ws cptured in No unique tx were found in the benthic invertebrte community from Devils nd Stump lkes tht hve not been found in Mnitob. (3) It is lmost certin tht the phytoplnkton species Nodulri spumigen, Chetoceros muelleri, Cmpylodiscus clypeis, nd Surirell peisonis nd the crustcen clnoid copepod Diptomus nevdensis re present in Devils nd Stump lkes nd not in Lke Winnipeg becuse of their preference for highly sline hbitts, nd tht they likely would not survive if introduced to Lke Winnipeg. Consequently, they re likely not species of concern. (4) The cynobcteril community in Devils nd Stump lkes is dominted by severl species in the Microcystis complex wheres few species of Microcystis re found in Lke Winnipeg. Species potentilly unique to Devils Lke include the tropicl or subtropicl M. cf pnniformis, nd M. cf protocystis, nd wht ppers to be Pnnus sp.. In ddition, fourth tropicl or subtropicl blue-green ws lso identified s probbly Spherocvum sp. nd hs not been previously observed in Lke Winnipeg. It is not known whether these four blue-greens re ecomorphs tht hve dpted to the environment (temperture, nutrient sttus, nd trophic condition) in Devils nd Stump

17 Pge 8 Lkes or whether they re indeed seprte species. It is lso not known whether these tx hve hd recent nd regulr opportunity to colonize Lke Winnipeg, but none hve been identified in studies conducted between 1994 nd In ddition, insufficient informtion is vilble to determine whether these species re cpble of dpting nd becoming estblished in Lke Winnipeg nd becoming species of concern if introduced to Lke Winnipeg for the first time. (5) With the exception of Renibcterium slmoninrum, no fish pthogens listed in the U.S. Fish nd Wildlife Service s Ntionl Wild Fish Helth Survey were detected. These re fish pthogens known to cuse disese in cultured or wild fish nd tht re included in most fish helth inspection progrms. Antigens for Renibcterium slmoninrum, the gent responsible for bcteril kidney disese, were detected in 97.4 % of the 313 fish specimens by the ELISA screening test. However, 21 fish were tested with more specific ssy nd the presence of Renibcterium slmoninrum could not be confirmed. Infesttions of bcteril kidney disese hve occurred in the pst in Mnitob fish htcheries where it hs ffected trout species (6) Three fish prsites remin potentil species of concern for Mnitob: () (b) (c) Although Gyrodctylus hoffmni ws not detected in the present survey, it ws detected in n erlier survey of Devils Lke. It is not known whether Gyrodctylus hoffmni is no longer present in Devils Lke or ws not detected during the present survey becuse it is not widespred nd the smple size ws too smll to llow its presence to be detected. If it still exists in Devils Lke, it would remin species of potentil concern to Mnitob. This prsite normlly ffects fthed minnows, smll bitfish. The externl prsite Epistylis sp., lso previously known to exist in Devils Lke but not elsewhere in the Hudson By bsin including Lke Winnipeg, ws detected in the present survey. This prsite is species of potentil concern since it hs not been reported from Mnitob nd becuse it hs been reported to cuse disese nd sometimes mortlity in members of the Centrrchide or bss fmily. Trichodin sp. ws detected on wlleye, white bss, nd yellow perch from Devils Lke during the present survey. This externl fish prsite hd not previously been found in Devils Lke but hs been reported to be widespred in both fresh nd mrine wters. However, it hs not been reported from Mnitob including Lke Winnipeg, so it is potentil species of concern to Mnitob. Most if not ll trichodines re potentilly pthogenic to fish nd sometimes cuse mortlity.

18 Pge 9 REFERENCES Arroyo, B Biot survey for Devils Lke, ND. Conducted July 25-30, Finl Report. Compiled by Bryn Arroyo, United Sttes Council on Environmentl Qulity. Wshington DC. Azevedo M.R P. nd C. Snt Ann Spherocvum, new genus of plnktic Cynobcteri, from continentl wter bodies in Brzil. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl Algol.Stud. 109:79-92 Brooks, J.L The systemtics of North Americn Dphni. Mem. Connect. Acd. Arts Sci. 13: Hmmer, U.T Zooplnkton distribution nd bundnce in sline lkes of Albert nd Ssktchewn, Cnd. Int. J. Slt Lke Res. 2(2): Hudson, C., nd K. Peters Survey of specific fish pthogens in free-rnging fish from Devils Lke, North Dkot. Bozemn Fish Helth Center. Technicl Report Komrek, J, nd K. Angnostidis Cynoprokryot I: Chroococcles.- In Ettl, H. et l ( (eds): Susswsserflor von Mitteleurop 19 ( 1): Gustv. Fischer, Jen. Komrek, J., nd J. Komrkov Review of the Europen Microcystis-morphospecies (Cynoprokryotes) from nture. Czech Phycology Olomouc 2:1-24 Komrek, J., J Komrkov-Legnerov, C.L. Snt Ann, M.T.P. Azevedo, nd P.A.C. Senn Two common Microcystis species (Chroococcles, Cynobcteri) from tropicl Americ, including M. pnniformis sp. Nov. Cryptogmie, Algologie. 23: Montz, G., Aqutic Invertebrte Smpling - Devils Lke, North Dkot. Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources, Division of Ecologicl Services. 500 Lfyette Rod, St. Pul, MN Ptls, K., J. Ptls, nd A. Slki Plnktonic crustcens in lkes of Cnd (Distribution of Species, Bibliogrphy). Cn. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aqut. Sci. 1954: v + 218p. Peterson Environmentl Consulting Ltd Biot trnsfer study. Devils Lke flood dmge reduction lterntions. Prepred for the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Tsk order #DACW37-00-D Perleberg, D Aqutic Vegettion Smpling of Devils Lke, North Dkot. Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources, Division of Ecologicl Services Minnesot Dr., Brinerd, MN Reinisch, J.D Prsites of fishes from Devils Lke nd the Souris River in North Dkot. A thesis submitted to the Grdute Fculty of the University of North Dkot. Grnd Forks, North Dkot.

19 Pge 10 Snt Ann, C.L., M. T.P. Azevedo, P.A.C. Senn, J. Komrek, nd J. Komrkov Plnktic Cynobcteri from So Pulo Stte, Brzil: Chroococcles. Rev. Brs. Bot. Vol.27 (2) Wilson, M.S Clnoid, p In W. T. Edmondson (ed.) Fresh-wter Biology, 2 nd ed. John Wiley nd Sons, New York. Yetmn, H.C Cyclopoid, p In W.T. Edmondson(ed.) Fresh-wter Biology, 2 nd ed. John Wiley nd Sons, New York.

20 Pge 11 Tble 1: Phytoplnkton in smples collected from Devils nd Stump lkes (A = bundnt, P = present, nd R = rre). Tx 1B01 1A01 3COC 3C02 3D01 3D02 4A01 b 4A01 c 4b0 1 5A01 5B01 6A01 6B SL01 SL03 SL02 SLO4 Anben flos que A P P A P A P A A A A A P Anben cf mendote P P A Anben spiroides A P A P A A A A A A A Anben cf compct R Aphnocps confert P P P Aphnocps sp P Aphnocps delictissim P P P P Aphnocps endophytic P P P P P Aphnizomenon flos que nd morphs A A A A A P A P A A A P Aphnothece floccos P P P P A Aphnocps holstic P P A P P P P P P P P P P Aphnizomenon klebhnii (flos que complex) A P A P A A P P A A P P P A Aphnocps nebulos P P Aphnocps nubilum P Aphnothece minutissim P P P A P Aphnothece bchmnii P P P P Aphnothece clthrt P P Aphnothece smithi P P P Aulcoseir grnult P P P P Botryococcus brunii P P P P P P Botryococcus cf terribilis P P Cmpylodiscus clypeis P Certium furcoides P A P A P A A A P A P P P A Certium hiruninell P R R P R R Chetoceros cf muellerii (dditionl nlysis needed) P P P P Chrcium sp A P P P P P P P P Chroomons cf cut P P

21 Pge 12 Tble 1: Continued. Tx 1B01 1A01 3COC 3C02 3D01 3D02 4A01 b 4A01 c 4b0 1 5A01 5B01 6A01 6B SL01 SL03 SL02 SLO4 Chroococcus limneticus P P P P P Chroococcus minutus P Chroococcus cf prescottii (my be Eucpsis crptic) P P P Closterium ciculre P Coelstrum sp (cf microporum) P P Coelomoron sp P Cryptomons reflex P P Cynodictyon reticultum P P P P P Dimorphococcus luntus R Eremospheri cf eremospheri P P P P P P P P P Eudorin elegns P P P P P P Gomphospheric cf virieuxii P P P P P P P P P P P Lyngby birgei A A P A A A A P P A P A P A Merismopedi wrminginin P Microcystis eruginos A P A A A A A A A A P A P A P A A A A Microcystis botrys P P Microcystis flos que A P A P P A P P P A P P P A P A P A P Microcystis ichthyoblbe P P P P P P P P A A Microcystis novcekii P A A P P P P P P P P P P P A Microcystis cf pnniformis (dditionl nlysis required) P P P P P P P Microcystis cf protocystis (dditionl nlysis required) P P P P P P A P P Microcystis smithii P P P P P Microcystis sp (reddish colour - dditionl nlysis required) P P P P P P P P Microcystis viridis P P P Microcystis wesenbergii P P A A P A A P A P P A P P P Nitzschi spp P P

22 Pge 13 Tble 1: Continued. Tx 1B01 1A01 3COC 3C02 3D01 3D02 4A01 b 4A01 c 4b0 1 5A01 5B01 6A01 6B SL01 SL03 SL02 SLO4 Nitzschi fonticol (epiphytic on microcystis) P P P P P P Nodulri spumigen P Cf Pnnus sp.. similr to spumos nd microcystiodes (dditionl nlysis required) P P P P Pedistrum duplex P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Pedistrum borynum P P P P Pseudnben limnetic Pseudnben mucicol (endogleic in shets of microcystis) P A P P P P A Rdiocystis sp (cf fernndoi) P Rhodomons minut P Spherocystis schroeteri P P P Spherocvum sp (some reddish colonies pper similr to S. leloupii but dditionl nlyses re necessry) P P P P P P P Sturstrum cf chetoceros P P P A A P Sturstrum pingue/ cingulum P P P P P Synedr cyclopum P Stephnodiscus nigre A P P P A A A P A A A P A P P Surirell peisonis P P P P Wornichini krli P P P A A Wornichini neglinum A P P P A P P P P

23 Pge 14 Tble 2: Zooplnkton in smples collected from Devils nd Stump lkes. Tx 1A0 1-A 1B0 1-A 3C0 1-A 3C0 2-C 3C0 3-B 3D0 1-A 3D0 2-C 4A0 1-C 4B0 1-A 5A0 1-A 5B0 1-A 6A0 1-C 6B0 1-B 6B0 1-C 701 -A 702 -B 702 -A SL0 1-A SL0 2-B SL0 3-C SL0 4-C Dicyclops bicuspidtus thomsi Forbes Acnthocyclops vernlis Fischer Mesocyclops edx (Forbes) Eucyclops gilis (Koch)? Cyclops sps? Smll Cyclopoid nuplii Diptomus sicilis Forbes Diptomus siciloides Lilljeborg Diptomus nevdensis Light Diptomus clvipes Schcht Clnoid nuplii Dphni pulex Leydig Diphnosom leuchtenberginum Ceriodphni qudrngul (O.F. Muller) Bosmin longirostris (O.F.Muller) Gmmrus lcustris Srs

24 Pge 15 Tble 3: Benthic invertebrtes in smples collected from Devils nd Stump lkes. Chironomini Orthocldiine Gmmrus lcustris Tubificide (minly Quistndril us sp.) Lumbriculide (Lumbriculus sp. nd Stylodrilus sp.) Spheriide (Pisidium sp.) Glossiphonide (Erpodell sp.) Lymniede (Lymne sp.) Physide Hydrchnidi (Hydrcrin sp.) Nemtomorph (Gordius sp.) 1A01-A A01-B A01-C B01-A B01-B B01-C C01-A 3C01-B 3C01-C 2 3C02-A C02-B C02-C C03-A C03-B 44 3C03-C D01-A D01-B D01-C D02-A D02-B D02-C A01-A-MB A01-B-MB A01-C-MB A01-A-MB A01-B-MB A01-C-MB B01-A-MB B01-B-MB

25 Pge 16 Tble 3: Continued. Chironomini Orthocldiine Gmmrus lcustris Tubificide (minly Quistndril us sp.) Lumbriculide (Lumbriculus sp. nd Stylodrilus sp.) Spheriide (Pisidium sp.) Glossiphonide (Erpodell sp.) Lymniede (Lymne sp.) Physide Hydrchnidi (Hydrcrin sp.) Nemtomorph (Gordius sp.) 5B01-C-MB A01-A-MB A01-B-MB A01-C-MB A01-C-MB B01-A-MB B01-B-MB A-MB B-MB C-MB A-MB B-MB C-MB AB01-A-MB AB01-B-MB AB01-C-MB SL02-A SL02-B SL02-C SL03-A SL03-B SL03-C SL04-A SL04-B 161 SL04-C 146 SLO1-A SLO1-B SLO1-C