Tubbs 06. Soft White Winter Wheat. Variety description

Transcription

1 New Whet Vrieties Tubbs 06 Soft White Winter Whet EM 8993-E December 2009 Michel Flowers, C. Jmes Peterson, Andrew Hulting, John Burns, Stephen Guy, nd John Kuehner Vriety description Tubbs 06 is common soft white winter whet developed by Oregon Stte University in coopertion with the USDA Agriculturl Reserch Service (USDA- ARS). It is reselection of Tubbs with improved tolernce to stripe rust nd improved grin yield in Oregon. Tubbs 06 is n wned, short-sttured, semidwrf vriety with brod dpttion, high yield potentil, nd midseson mturity. Tubbs 06 is resistnt to Pseudocercosporell strwbreker (eyespot) foot rot nd hs n intermedite response to current rces of stripe rust (Puccini striiformis). It is modertely susceptible to Fusrium crown rot (drylnd foot rot). Are of dpttion Tubbs 06 is best dpted to drylnd nd irrigted whet-growing regions in northest Oregon nd southest Wshington (Figure 1, blue-shded regions). It is lso dpted to lrger production region in Oregon nd Wshington (red shded regions). However, in these dditionl res, Tubbs 06 is t greter risk of yield loss from diseses such s Septori, snow mold, or stripe rust. Figure 1. Regions of Oregon nd Wshington where Tubbs 06 is best dpted (blue) nd secondry regions of dpttion where Tubbs 06 cn be grown (red). Michel Flowers, Extension cerels specilist, Oregon Stte University; C. Jmes Peterson, professor of whet breeding nd genetics, Oregon Stte University; Andrew Hulting, Extension weed specilist, Oregon Stte University; John Burns, Extension gronomist (retired), cerel vriety testing, Wshington Stte University; Stephen Guy, Extension gronomist, cerel vriety testing, Wshington Stte University; nd John Kuehner, scientific ssistnt, cerel vriety testing, Wshington Stte University.

2 Yer relesed Tubbs 06 ws relesed in 2006 nd is protected under the Plnt Vriety Protection Act without the Title 5 option. Agronomic chrcteristics Height nd lodging resistnce In trils over 19 site-yers in Oregon nd 37 site-yers in Wshington, the plnt height of Tubbs 06 verged 36.9 nd 35.3 inches, respectively. Its height is similr to tht of ORCF- 102, Tubbs, nd Eltn nd pproximtely 1 3 inches tller thn AP 700 CL, Brundge 96, Mdsen, Msmi, ORCF-101, Slute, Stephens, nd Xerph (Tbles 1 nd 2). Strw strength of Tubbs 06 is good, nd lodging hs not been constrint in ny production environment. Mturity Tubbs 06 is midseson-mturing vriety, similr to Brundge 96, ORCF-101, ORCF-102, Slute, Skiles, nd Tubbs. Compred with Tubbs, Tubbs 06 heds pproximtely 1 dy erlier, nd it heds pproximtely 2 4 dys erlier thn Mdsen, Msmi, nd Xerph. Tubbs 06 heds 2 dys lter thn Stephens nd 3 4 dys lter thn Goetze nd Westbred 528 (Tbles 1 nd 2). Tble 1. Grin yield nd gronomic dt for 14 soft white winter whet vrieties grown cross rnge of environments in Oregon, Grin yield (bu/c) Northest Oregon OWEYT Test weight 2-yer men 14 site-yers 3-yer men 23 site-yers 2-yer men 21 site-yers 3-yer men 33 site-yers 21 site-yers (lb/bu) Agronomic dt (2-yer men) Grin protein 19 site-yers Plnt height 19 site-yers (in) Heding dte 13 site-yers (DOY) b Vriety Tubbs AP 700 CL Brundge Goetze Mdsen ORCF ORCF ORCF Slute Skiles Stephens Tubbs Westbred Xerph Men b c d LSD c (0.05) CV d Oregon Winter Elite Yield Trils Dy of yer Lest significnt difference Coefficient of vrition 2

3 Vernliztion nd cold tolernce Tubbs 06 is winter whet tht requires vernliztion to initite flowering. Results from crown freezing tests ( mesure of cold tolernce) conducted by the USDA-ARS hve shown tht the cold tolernce of Tubbs 06 is similr to tht of Mdsen, Msmi, ORCF-102, nd Tubbs (Tble 3). Under typicl conditions, growers in northest Oregon nd southest Wshington re unlikely to observe winter injury. Figure 2. Hedrows of Tubbs 06 on seed increse. Photo by C. Jmes Peterson, Oregon Stte University. Tble 2. Grin yield nd gronomic dt for 13 soft white winter whet vrieties grown cross rnge of environments in Wshington, Grin yield (bu/c) WSU vriety trils south of Highwy 2 WSU vriety trils Test weight Agronomic dt (2-yer men) Grin protein 37 site-yers Plnt height 37 site-yers (in) Heding dte 37 site-yers (DOY) 2-yer men 3-yer men 2-yer men 3-yer men 37 site-yers Vriety 29 site-yers 44 site-yers 37 site-yers 55 site-yers (lb/bu) Tubbs AP 700 CL Brundge Eltn Mdsen Msmi ORCF ORCF ORCF Slute Stephens Westbred Xerph Men LSD b (0.05) CV c b c Dy of yer Lest significnt difference Coefficient of vrition 3

4 Disese resistnce Tubbs 06 is resistnt to strwbreker (eyespot) foot rot. It hs improved stripe rust resistnce compred to Tubbs nd is rted s hving n intermedite rection tht is lbeled modertely resistnt/modertely susceptible. Tubbs 06 is modertely susceptible to lef rust, Fusrium crown rot (drylnd foot rot), nd Septori lef blotch. Tubbs 06 is susceptible to Cephlosporium stripe nd snow mold (Tble 3). A fungicidl seed tretment is recommended to control common bunt nd other seedborne diseses. Yield Tubbs 06 hs been shown to hve high yield potentil cross rnge of environments in Oregon nd Wshington. Tubbs 06 verged 91.4 bushels per cre in 33 site-yers of OSU vriety testing, compred with 90.6, 86.7, 84.1, 82.5, nd 91.5 bushels per cre Figure 3. Tubbs 06 whet t heding. Photo for ORCF-102, Stephens, ORCF-101, Mdsen, nd by Michel Flowers, Oregon Stte University. Westbred 528, respectively (Tble 1). Similrly, in 55 site-yers of WSU vriety testing Tubbs 06 verged 97.7 bushels per cre, compred with 100.4, 91.9, 93.7, 92.6, 96.1, nd bushels per cre for ORCF-102, Stephens, ORCF-101, Mdsen, Msmi, nd Xerph, respectively (Tble 2). Tble 3. Agronomic nd disese rtings for 16 soft white winter whet vrieties grown in Oregon nd Wshington. Rust b Strwbreker Vriety Mturity Winter hrdiness Stripe Lef Septori b Crown rot b Cephlosporium stripe b foot rot b Pseudocercosporell Tubbs 06 Midseson 5 MR/MS MS MS S S R AP 700 CL Midseson 5 MR R MS S S MR/MS Brundge 96 Midseson 5 MR MS S MS/MR MS S Eltn Mid lte 9 MR S MS S MR/MS S Goetze Erly mid 2 R MR MR MS MS MR/MS Mdsen Midseson 5 R MR MS MR/MS MR R Msmi Midseson 5 MS S MR MR/MS R ORCF-101 Midseson 3 MR/MS MS MS MS S S ORCF-102 Midseson 4 R/MR MR MS/MR MR/MS MR/MS R ORCF-103 Mid lte 8 R/MR MS MR MR/MS S Slute Midseson 5 R MS S MS S Skiles Midseson 7 R S MR MR S Stephens Erly mid 3 R S S S S S Tubbs Midseson 5 MS MS MS S S R Westbred 528 Erly mid 4 MS/MR MS S MS/S S S Xerph Midseson 7 MR MS MR/MS MR/MS S Dt compiled from the following sources: Winter Grin Vrieties for 2003, Specil Report 775, Oregon Stte University Extension Service; Oregon Winter Elite Yield Tril Disese Rtings; nd Vriety Chrcteristics, Wshington Stte Crop Improvement Assocition. Scle: 1 10 (10 = excellent; 1 = poor) b R = resistnt; MR = modertely resistnt; MS = modertely susceptible; S = susceptible 4

5 Compred with Tubbs, the grin yield of Tubbs 06 ws improved by 3 bushels per cre cross 33 site-yers in Oregon. In its primry dpttion zone of northest Oregon, the grin yield of Tubbs 06 ws 3 5 bushels per cre higher thn tht of Tubbs (Tble 2). However, in 2 yers of testing in Wshington, Tubbs 06 verged 4 bushels per cre less thn Tubbs (dt not shown). These differences re likely due to slight chnges in mturity between Tubbs nd Tubbs 06 tht fvor incresed grin yield in Oregon environments. Test weight nd qulity The test weight of Tubbs 06 verged 58.8 pounds per bushel cross 21 site-yers in Oregon nd 57.9 pounds per bushel cross 37 site-yers in Wshington. These test weights re similr to those for Slute, Msmi, Stephens, nd Tubbs. Test weight of Tubbs 06 ws pproximtely pounds per bushel less thn ORCF-102, Skiles, nd Westbred 528. Figure 4. Tubbs 06 whet. Photo by C. Jmes Peterson, Oregon Stte University. Grin protein of Tubbs 06 in these trils verged 9.4% in Oregon nd 11.5% in Wshington, similr to Brundge 96, Msmi, Tubbs, nd Xerph. Milling nd bking evlutions from the USDA-ARS Western Whet Qulity Lbortory nd the Pcific Northwest Whet Qulity Council suggest tht Tubbs 06 is similr to Mdsen for importnt grin qulity ttributes nd is cceptble for the soft white mrket clss. Grin hrdness vlues for Tubbs re similr to Mdsen nd 10 points higher thn Stephens when mesured with the Pertin Single Kernel Chrcteriztion System. Averge brek flour yields were similr to tht for Stephens. The overll milling score for Tubbs 06 ws similr to tht of Mdsen. The verge flour protein content of Tubbs ws 0.9% lower thn Mdsen. The verge cookie spred for Tubbs ws 0.11 nd 0.15 centimeters less thn Mdsen nd Stephens, respectively. Flour swelling volume tests suggest Tubbs 06 hs norml strch properties (Tble 4). Tble 4. End-use qulity nlyses of Tubbs 06 soft white winter whet in pired comprisons with Stephens nd Mdsen. Vriety Kernel hrdness (SKCS) Brek flour yield Flour yield Flour sh Milling score Flour protein Mix bsorption Cookie dimeter (cm) Tubbs Stephens 31.1 b b 87.8 b b Tubbs b 54.8b 9.09 Mdsen b 71.5 b b Dt provided by USDA-ARS Western Whet Qulity Lbortory, Pullmn, Wshington. Single Kernel Chrcteriztion System b Sttisticlly significnt difference (p < 0.05), bsed on pired t-test 5

6 Development Tubbs 06 is reselection of the vriety Tubbs tht ws mde t Moses Lke, Wshington, in The reselection ws mde by eliminting pproximtely one-third of the hedrows on breeder seed increse tht were observed to hve susceptible or modertely susceptible rection to stripe rust. The remining hedrows, with improved resistnce to stripe rust, were bulked to form Tubbs 06. The originl Tubbs ws derived from the cross Mdsen / Mlcolm mde in 1990 t the OSU Hyslop Field reserch frm, Corvllis, Oregon. Tubbs is n F 3 -derived line, identified in 1994 when it ws selected from n F 4 hedrow t the OSU breeding site locted ner Pendleton, Oregon. Seed vilbility Breeder nd Foundtion seed will be mintined by the Wshington Stte Crop Improvement Assocition. Tubbs 06 is protected under U.S. Plnt Vriety Protection without the Title 5 option (PVP ). Certifiction clsses recognized for Tubbs 06 include Foundtion, Registered, nd Certified. Seed of Tubbs 06 hs been deposited in the USDA Ntionl Smll Grins Collection, Aberdeen, Idho. It is requested tht the source of this mteril be cknowledged in future use by whet breeding nd genetics progrms. Acknowledgments Apprecition is extended to the Oregon Whet Commission for finncil support in the development of Tubbs 06. Vriety development tem C.J. Peterson, W.E. Kronstd, M. Verhoeven, M. Lrson, B. Hoefer, R. Krow, nd J. Bssinette, Deprtment of Crop nd Soil Science, Oregon Stte University, Corvllis, OR C. Morris nd D. Engle, USDA-ARS Western Whet Qulity Lbortory, Wshington Stte University, Pullmn, WA C. Mundt, Deprtment of Botny nd Plnt Pthology, Oregon Stte University, Corvllis OR, R. Smiley, Columbi Bsin Agriculturl Reserch Center, Oregon Stte University, Pendleton, OR R. Line nd X. Chen, USDA-ARS, Wshington Stte University, Pullmn, WA

7 Mngement guidelines Plnting dte Tubbs 06 is brodly dpted vriety tht hs excellent performnce cross wide rnge of plnting dtes in Oregon. The incidence of diseses such s Fusrium crown rot, strwbreker (eyespot) foot rot, nd Cephlosporium stripe, s well s insect-vectored diseses such s brley yellow dwrf virus, increses with erly plnting. Tubbs 06 is resistnt to strwbreker (eyespot) foot rot, but it is susceptible to Fusrium crown rot nd Cephlosporium stripe. Plnting dte studies conducted in 2007 nd 2008 found tht yields of Tubbs 06 were similr to those of Skiles nd 2 7 bushels per cre greter thn Stephens, ORCF-101, ORCF-102, nd Goetze when plnted in September (Tble 5). Tubbs 06 hs shown high yield potentil cross wide rnge of environments in Oregon nd Wshington when plnted on time. Plntings in erly to mid October re considered on-time for much of Oregon. Yields of ll vrieties re reduced in lte plntings s compred with ontime plntings. However, Tubbs 06 is good choice when circumstnces dictte lte plnting. Plnting dte studies hve indicted tht yields of Tubbs 06 re similr to those of Skiles but slightly less thn those of Goetze in lte plntings. In ddition, in lte plntings Tubbs 06 yields n verge 5 14 bushels per cre more thn Stephens, ORCF-101, nd ORCF-102 (Tble 5). Tble 5. Grin yield of seven soft white winter whet vrieties in plnting dte study t Pendleton, Oregon, Plnting dte 2007 Vriety (bu/c) Stephens Tubbs 06 ORCF-101 ORCF-102 ORCF-103 Goetze Skiles LSD (0.05) (bu/c) September October October November September October November Lest significnt difference 7

8 Seeding rte The recommended seeding rte for soft white winter whet in Oregon is 22 seeds per squre foot. The recommended rte increses to 33 seeds per squre foot for lte-plnted whet. Seeding rte trils hve confirmed tht these generl recommendtions re vlid for Tubbs 06. Incresed seeding rtes in lte plntings hve resulted in yield increses of 1 3 bushels per cre for Tubbs 06 (Tble 6). Seeding rtes for most equipment re djusted in pounds per cre. To void hevy or light plntings, it is importnt to determine the proper seeding rte using the number of seeds per pound. Conversions for rnge of vlues cn be found in Tble 7. The number of seeds per pound depends on seed size nd vries bsed on vriety, production environment, nd yer. Reserch hs shown tht Tubbs 06 hs verge kernel weight, nd the number of seeds per pound is less thn Stephens ORCF-102 nd Skiles. The number of seeds per pound my be obtined from one s seed deler or determined by weighing 50-seed smple nd using Tble 7. Fertility Tubbs 06 hs been grown cross wide rnge of environments, nd no specil fertility requirements hve been observed. Growers should follow the recommended fertility guidelines for soft white winter whet in their re. Tble 6. Grin yield of Tubbs 06 cross three seeding rtes t Moro nd Pendleton, Oregon, Plnting dte Moro Grin yield (bu/c) LSD (0.10) 11 ft 2 22 ft 2 33 ft 2 (bu/c) October October November Pendleton October October November Lest significnt difference Tble 7. Conversion from seeds per squre foot to pounds per cre. Seeds per pound Weight of 50-seed smple (g) Pounds per cre For 22/ft 2 For 33/ft 2 8, , , , , , , ,

9 Herbicide pplictions Whet vrieties my hve different sensitivity to commonly pplied herbicides. To dte, no dverse effects of herbicide ppliction hve been observed with Tubbs 06. Mny, but not ll, of the herbicides currently lbeled for use in whet in Oregon hve been pplied to Tubbs 06 without visible crop dmge. The OSU Weed Science Group in Corvllis pplied four pre-emergence nd 13 post-emergence herbicide tretments to Tubbs 06 s prt of whet vriety herbicide tolernce tril in 2009 nd found no quntifible vrietl sensitivity in Tubbs 06 to ny of the lbeled or experimentl herbicides screened. Herbicide pplictions should be mde in ccordnce with lbel directions nd ll pplicble stte nd federl regultions. Fungicide pplictions A fungicide ppliction is unlikely to be necessry when growing Tubbs 06 in its primry dpttion region. In ny event, sensitivity to current fungicides hs not been quntified. When pplying fungicides, follow lbel directions nd ll pplicble stte nd federl regultions. Yield components Whet yield consists of three components: hed number, kernels per hed, nd kernel weight. Both hed number nd kernels per hed re determined erly in whet development, t Feekes growth stge 2 5. Kernel weight is determined lter in the seson, t Feekes stge Although environment plys n importnt role, genetic fctors hevily influence the wys in which these three components combine to determine grin yield. The totl grin yield of Tubbs 06 is determined more by fctors influencing hed number nd hed size thn by hed fertility nd kernel weight. Compred with widely grown vrieties such s Stephens nd ORCF-102, Tubbs 06 is chrcterized by verge hed numbers, lrger hed size, verge hed fertility, nd verge kernel weights (Tble 8). Tble 8. Yield component comprison of Tubbs 06, Stephens, nd ORCF-102. Yield component Vriety comprison Hed number ORCF-102 = Tubbs-06 < Stephens Hed size Stephens ORCF-102 < Tubbs 06 Hed fertility Tubbs 06 = ORCF-102 Stephens Kernel weight Tubbs 06 < Stephens = ORCF Oregon Stte University. This publiction ws produced nd distributed in furthernce of the Acts of Congress of My 8 nd June 30, Extension work is coopertive progrm of Oregon Stte University, the U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture, nd Oregon counties. Oregon Stte University Extension Service offers eductionl progrms, ctivities, nd mterils without discrimintion bsed on ge, color, disbility, gender identity or expression, mritl sttus, ntionl origin, rce, religion, sex, sexul orienttion, or vetern s sttus. Oregon Stte University Extension Service is n Equl Opportunity Employer. Published December