Course 900. Oil and Gas Safety Management

Transcription

1 Curse 900 Oil and Gas Safety Management

2 This page intentinally blank

3 OSHAcademy Curse 900 Study Guide Oil and Gas Safety Management Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. N prtin f this text may be reprinted fr ther than persnal use. Any cmmercial use f this dcument is strictly frbidden. Cntact OSHAcademy t arrange fr use as a training dcument. This study guide is designed t be reviewed ff-line as a tl fr preparatin t successfully cmplete OSHAcademy Curse 900. Read each mdule, answer the quiz questins, and submit the quiz questins nline thrugh the curse webpage. Yu can print the pst-quiz respnse screen which will cntain the crrect answers t the questins. The final exam will cnsist f questins develped frm the curse cntent and mdule quizzes. We hpe yu enjy the curse and if yu have any questins, feel free t r call: OSHAcademy NW Greenbrier Parkway, Suite 230 Beavertn, Oregn instructr@shatrain.rg +1 (888) Disclaimer This dcument des nt cnstitute legal advice. Cnsult with yur wn cmpany cunsel fr advice n cmpliance with all applicable state and federal regulatins. Neither Geigle Safety Grup, Inc., nr any f its emplyees, subcntractrs, cnsultants, cmmittees, r ther assignees make any warranty r representatin, either express r implied, with respect t the accuracy, cmpleteness, r usefulness f the infrmatin cntained herein, r assume any liability r respnsibility fr any use, r the results f such use, f any infrmatin r prcess disclsed in this publicatin. GEIGLE SAFETY GROUP, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Taking actins suggested in this dcument des nt guarantee that an emplyer, emplyee, peratr r cntractr will be in cmpliance with applicable regulatins. Ultimately every cmpany is respnsible fr determining the applicability f the infrmatin in this dcument t its wn peratins. Each emplyer s safety management system will be different. Mapping safety and envirnmental management plicies, prcedures, r peratins using this dcument des nt guarantee cmpliance regulatry requirements. Revised: Octber 13, 2017

4 This page intentinally blank

5 Curse 900 Cntents Curse Intrductin... 1 Mdule 1 The Safety Culture... 2 What is a Safety Culture?... 2 Real Safety Cmmitment... 2 Effective Safety Leadership... 3 Accuntability fr Safety... 3 Writing Safety Gals and Objectives... 4 Writing Safety Plicies... 5 Writing Safety Prgrams... 6 Respnsibilities... 6 The Supervisr s Safety Respnsibilities... 8 OSHA requirements related t this element... 8 Cntinuus Imprvement... 8 Mdule 1 Quiz Mdule 2- Wrking with Cntractrs Cntractr Cmmunicatins The Pre-Bid Meeting The Pre-Mbilizatin Meeting Cntractr Selectin Criteria Experience Mdificatin Rate (Md Rate r EMR) Ttal Case Incident Rate (TCIR) Key Players Prject Designers... 16

6 Curse 900 Head Cntractrs Subcntractrs Mdule 2 Quiz Mdule 3- Invlvement in Safety Management and Emplyees Must Be Invlved Respnding t Safety and Health Issues Emplyee Participatin Preventing Ergnmic Injuries Safety Inspectins Safety Recgnitin Prgrams The Oil and Gas Safety Cmmittee Suggestin Prgram Emplyee Right t Cmmunicate Mdule 3 Quiz Mdule 4- SMS and Wellsite Analysis Plan fr Wellsite Analysis The Cmprehensive Baseline Survey Change Analysis Jb Hazard Analyses (JHA) Safety Inspectins and Reprts OSHA requirements related t this element Mdule 4 Quiz Mdule 5- Hazard Preventin and Cntrl Cntrlling Expsure - The Hierarchy f Cntrls... 33

7 Curse 900 Eliminatin Substitutin Engineering Cntrls Administrative Cntrls Persnal Prtective Equipment Other Methds t Prevent and Cntrl Hazards Wellsite Inspectins Analyze Past Accident Investigatins Cntrl f Hazardus Energy Cnfined Space Entry Analyze Fall Hazards Analyze fr Excavatin Hazards Analyze fr Hazardus Chemicals Analyze Electrical Hazards Mdule 5 Quiz Mdule 6- Educatin and Training Intrductin The Imprtance f Training Implementing Educatin and Training Cnducting Classrm and On-The-Jb Training Step #1 - Determine Training Needs Step #2 - Identify Training Needs Step #3 - Identify Learning Gals and Objectives Step #4 - Develp Learning Activities... 47

8 Curse 900 Step #5 - Cnduct the Training Step #6 - Evaluate the Prgram Step #7 - Prgram Imprvement A Simple Seven Step On-The-Jb Training (OJT) Prcess Safety and Health Wrk Observatins Mdule 6 Quiz Mdule 7- Getting Started Steps t Identify OSHA Requirements Step 1: OSHA Requirements Related t Leading Hazards at Oil and Gas Sites Step 2: Other OSHA Requirements That May Apply t Yur Jbsite Step 3: Survey Yur Wrkplace fr Additinal Hazards Recgnized and Freseeable Hazards Recgnized Hazards Step 4: Develp a Jbsite Safety and Health Prgram Step 5: Train Yur Emplyees Step 6: Recrdkeeping, Reprting and Psting Step 7: Find Additinal Cmpliance Assistance Infrmatin Endntes... 69

9 Curse 900 Curse Intrductin The public s and gvernment s perceptin f the nature f the il and gas industry has experienced a large shift since the 2010 blwut f the BP ffshre well in the Gulf f Mexic. Other incidents f ruptured pipelines, spills, and explsins thrughut the United States have als changed the perceptin. Accrding t the Bureau f Labr Statistics, the il and gas extractin industry has an annual ccupatinal fatality rate f 27.5 per 100,000 wrkers ( ) - mre than seven times higher than the rate fr all U.S. wrkers. Oil and gas industry wrkers engage in many activities that may expse them t serius hazards, such as falling frm twers, unguarded machinery, being struck by heavy equipment, electrcutins, and silica dust. This curse is an intrductin t the basic elements f an effective Oil and Gas Industry Safety Management System (SMS). The infrmatin, tls, and resurces prvided in curse are designed t help yu, whether yu are an emplyer r emplyee, t identify, reduce, and eliminate il and gas-related hazards. Like all cmpanies in the il and gas industry, yu need t tailr yur Safety Management System (SMS) t yur wn specific wrk peratins and wrk envirnments. An effective SMS has five primary elements: 1. safety culture 2. invlvement 3. wellsite analysis 4. hazard preventin and cntrl 5. educatin and training Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 1 f 69

10 Curse 900 Mdule 1 The Safety Culture Befre we get started, it is critical t understand that the nly way yur Safety Management System (SMS) will succeed is t make sure the underlying safety culture includes a real lngterm serius cmmitment and tugh-caring leadership by management. This first mdule will briefly explre cmmitment and leadership and take a lk at sme f the ther imprtant cmpnents that are necessary in an effective safety management system and culture. What is a Safety Culture? OSHA actually has a pretty gd definitin fr a safety culture. OSHA defines a safety culture as a cmbinatin f an rganizatin's safety attitudes, behavirs, beliefs, values, ways f ding things, and ther shared characteristics f a particular grup f peple. It s imprtant t understand that, frm the emplyer s pint f view, the cmpany s safety culture is smething t be managed, but if yu ask an emplyee t define the cmpany s culture, they will likely tell yu it s just Real Safety Cmmitment the way things are arund here. The success f yur cmpany's SMS depends n the willingness f tp management t demnstrate a lng term serius cmmitment t prtect every emplyee frm injury and illness n the jb. But hw d yu get it tp management cmmitment if yu dn t already have it? Real cmmitment desn't just appear ut f thin air. Real cmmitment values safety. Management cmmitment t safety will ccur t the extent each manager clearly understands the psitive benefits derived frm their effrt. Understanding the benefits will create a strng desire t d what it takes t imprve the cmpany's safety culture. Managers wh understand the psitive benefits will mre likely invest serius time and mney int effective safety management by develping safety plicies, prgrams, plans and prcedures. They will als display leadership thrugh effective accuntability and recgnitin f behavirs and results. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 2 f 69

11 Curse 900 Management invlvement and cmmitment can be shwn by: Allcating dedicated health and safety resurces Setting clear expectatins fr health and safety perfrmance Assigning and mnitring health and safety respnsibilities Demnstrating active leadership Bttm line: Serius cmmitment requires serius time and mney. Effective Safety Leadership Every day, il and gas wrkers, supervisrs and managers have many pprtunities t cmmunicate and act in ways that demnstrate safety leadership. Unfrtunately, these pprtunities g unanswered because they are just nt seen as real leadership pprtunities. We believe that a cmpany s leadership is the mst imprtant asset it pssesses. It s imprtant that emplyers and managers understand that the simple expressin f tugh-caring safety leadership having high safety standards because yu care abut the emplyee - can result in enrmus benefits. The ability t perceive leadership pprtunities imprves the cmpany's ptential t succeed. Tugh-caring leaders als assume their wrkers, at all levels f the rganizatin are gd peple trying t d the best they can with the skills they have. Emplyees, n the ther hand, d nt always have the physical resurces and psychscial supprt needed t achieve the kind f results expected f them. Why is that? It is because they are nt being prvided with adequate physical resurces (tls, equipment, machinery, materials, etc.) r the educatin, training, time, and cnsequences. Effective leadership can vercme these challenges by prviding the resurces and training needed fr their wrkers t excel. Accuntability fr Safety Accuntability ranks right at the tp with management cmmitment as a critical ingredient in a cmpany's safety and health management system. Why d we behave the way we d in the wrkplace? Cnsequences. Why d we take the unsafe shrtcut? Again, cnsequences play a factr. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 3 f 69

12 Curse 900 Accuntability may be thught f as establishing the "bligatin t fulfill a task t standard r else." When yu are held accuntable, yur perfrmance is measured against specific criteria and cnsequences are applied apprpriate t the level r quality f perfrmance. Example: If a builder has built a huse fr a man and his wrk is nt strng, and if the huse he has built falls in and kills the husehlder, that builder shall be slain. (King Hammurabi f Babyln, 18th Century B.C.) Example: The ancient Rmans had a traditin: whenever ne f their engineers cnstructed an arch, as the capstne was histed int place, the engineer assumed accuntability fr his wrk in the mst prfund way pssible: he std under the arch. (Michael Armstrng- Frmer CEO f AT&T, Hughes Electrnics, and Cmcast) Management may impse all kinds f safety plicies, prgrams, written plans, directives, rules, training, etc., yet if apprpriate applicatin f effective cnsequences within a culture f accuntability des nt exist, desired behavirs will nt be sustained. If emplyees d nt believe they are ging t be held accuntable fr the decisins they make and the actins they take, yu can be sure that any safety effrt is ultimately dmed t fail. Six imprtant elements shuld be present in an emplyer safety accuntability system: 1. frmal standards f perfrmance 2. adequate resurces and psychscial supprt 3. a system f perfrmance measurement 4. applicatin f effective cnsequences 5. apprpriate applicatin f cnsequences 6. cntinuus evaluatin f the accuntability system If yu believe there are weaknesses in yur emplyer's accuntability system, make sure t dcument the behavirs and cnditins yu see in the wrkplace that may be pinting t accuntability system plicies, plans, prcesses, prcedures and practices that are inadequate r missing. Yu can learn mre abut accuntability systems in OSHAcademy curses 700 and 712. Writing Safety Gals and Objectives An effective SMS will include stated gals and bjectives. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 4 f 69

13 Curse 900 First, it's gd t initially develp general gals r "wishes" fr yur safety culture. Lk at the fllwing general gals that wuld be included in the SMS: Designate a qualified safety persn t crdinate the prgram. Plan fr safety using a written Jb Safety Analysis. Make regular wellsite safety inspectins and cnduct health mnitring. Fllw safety prcedures and rules. Prvide n-ging safety training. Enfrce safety rules and use apprpriate discipline. Safety bjectives are measurable and mre specific in terms f results. Here are sme examples f peratinal safety bjectives: "Increase the number f wellsite safety suggestins submitted each mnth t at least 15 by July 31st." "Reduce the number f back injuries at ur wellsites by 70% by the end f 2014." Lwer ur wrkers cmpensatin rate t.7 by the end f the calendar year. Writing Safety Plicies Safety plicies help t set standards and guidelines fr decisin-making. They let managers, supervisrs and emplyees make safety decisins with sme degree f cnfidence withut having t cnstantly check with the bss. Managers, supervisrs and wrkers knw they are making decisins that cnfrm t crprate safety plicies. Belw are a number f pints that wuld be gd t adpt in yur cmpanies safety and health plicy. N jb r n task is mre imprtant than wrker health and safety. A wellsite Jb Hazard Analysis (JHA) will be cnducted n all tasks with a ptential safety r health threat. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 5 f 69

14 Curse 900 Every prcedure must be a safe prcedure. Shrtcuts in safe prcedures by either fremen r wrkers must nt be tlerated. If wrkers bserve any wellsite unsafe cnditin, which may pse a ptential threat t their health r safety, they will immediately crrect the situatin when feasible r infrm management. Management has the respnsibility t take adequate practive precautins, cmply with OSHA standards, and assure the safety and health f emplyees. If a jb cannt be dne safely it will nt be dne. Leadership within a cmpany will acknwledge the imprtance f creating a psitive safety culture thrugh emplyee invlvement and effective plicies and prcedures. Writing Safety Prgrams A safety prgram may be thught f as a plan f actin t accmplish a safety bjective. An effective safety prgram is designed arund the prcesses, prcedures, and practices nrmally assigned t emplyees and integrate safety-related decisins and precautins int them. Oil and gas cntractrs must initiate and maintain such prgrams as may be necessary t cmply with CFR Ref: (b) See Mdule 7 fr mre infrmatin n Prgrams. Respnsibilities It s imprtant t understand wh is respnsible fr safety n the il and gas wellsite cnstructin. Accrding t OSHA, there are fur emplyer rles r categries n a multiemplyer wellsite: 1. Creating emplyer: The emplyer that caused a hazardus cnditin that vilates an OSHA standard. 2. Expsing emplyer: This is an emplyer whse wn emplyees are expsed t the hazard. 3. Crrecting emplyer: This is an emplyer wh is engaged in a cmmn undertaking, n the same wellsite cnstructin as the expsing emplyer, and is respnsible fr crrecting a hazard. This usually ccurs where an emplyer is given the respnsibility f installing and/r maintaining particular safety/health equipment r devices. 4. Cntrlling emplyer: This is an emplyer wh has general supervisry authrity ver the wellsite cnstructin, including the pwer t crrect safety and health vilatins Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 6 f 69

15 Curse 900 itself r require thers t crrect them. Cntrl can be established by cntract r, in the absence f explicit cntractual prvisins, by the exercise f cntrl in practice. The cntrlling cntractr assumes all bligatins under the standards, whether r nt he subcntracts any f the wrk [29 CFR (b)]. T the extent that a subcntractr agrees t perfrm any part f the cntract, he assumes respnsibility fr cmplying with the standards with respect t that part [29 CFR (c)]. With respect t subcntracted wrk, the cntrlling cntractr and any subcntractrs are deemed t have jint respnsibility [29 CFR (d)]. Oil and gas cmpanies shuld designate a persn t crdinate, implement, and administer the Safety Management System (SMS). Respnsibilities include: 1. Understand ptential jb hazards and hw t eliminate them. 2. Cnduct r assist with Jb Hazard Analysis. 3. Assure cmpliance with OSHA il and gas safety and health standard requirements. 4. Cnduct regular jb site safety and health inspectins. 5. Establish safety and health prcedures. 6. Crdinate regular safety and health training. 7. Cnduct r assist with Tailgate r Tl Bx Talks. 8. Maintain dcumentatin f training, inspectins, injuries and illnesses, and ther safety recrds. 9. Participate in accident investigatins and implementatin f crrective actins. 10. Invlve emplyees in the implementatin f the SHMS. 11. Create statistical reprts that cmpare severity and frequency rates against prir recrds. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 7 f 69

16 Curse 900 The Supervisr s Safety Respnsibilities The supervisr s attitude plays an imprtant part in btaining r preventing the acceptance f safe and healthful wrk practices, plicies, and prcedures. It is the supervisr s respnsibility t identify ptential hazards, identify methds t cntrl r eliminate wellsite hazards, ensure wrkers use safe and healthful wrk practices, and make sure everyne receives safety and health training t d their wrk. Immediate supervisrs shuld review, investigate, and take any necessary and apprpriate actin n all emplyee reprts f hazards r ptential hazards. OSHA requirements related t this element 1. Prvide emplyees with sanitary and safe wrking cnditins [29 CFR (a)]. Assign safety and health respnsibilities [29 CFR (b)]. 2. Give safety and health designees authrity t crrect hazards [29 CFR (f)]. 3. Assure emplyees that they may vice safety and health cncerns withut fear f reprisal [29 CFR (d)]. 4. Infrm emplyees f hazards [29 CFR (b), 29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR 1926 Subpart Z]. 5. Crdinate hazard cmmunicatin with ther emplyers n site [29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR ]. 6. Pst the OSHA State r Federal Pster [29 CFR (a)]. Cntinuus Imprvement It s imprtant t the verall success f the safety management system that the cmpany makes a cmmitment t cntinuus imprvement f all aspects f safety and health. One successful change management technique is t use the Plan-D-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle. (Click n the image belw) It was first develped by Dr. Walter Shewhart, and later applied by W. Edwards Deming, the father f ttal quality management, t transfrm the industry f Japan after Wrld War II. He prmted the PDSA Cycle that was partly respnsible fr Japan's meteric rise in manufacturing. He believed that statistics hld the key t imprving prcesses, Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 8 f 69

17 Curse 900 and that management must take respnsibility fr quality in the wrkplace because management cntrls the prcesses. The PDSA Cycle cntains fur imprtant steps: 1. Plan - plan what yu're ging t d 2. D - test the plan small scale 3. Check - analyze the results 4. Act - imprve the plan and fully implement Yu can learn mre abut this imprtant tpic in OSHAcademy Curse 700, Safety and Health Management, Mdule 8. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 9 f 69

18 Curse 900 Mdule 1 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. The nly way yur Safety Management System (SMS) will succeed is t make sure the underlying safety culture includes a and tugh-caring leadership by management. a. ttal supprt b. real lng-term serius cmmitment c. vigrus statements f belief d. cntinual acts f encuragement 2. OSHA defines as a cmbinatin f an rganizatin's safety attitudes, behavirs, beliefs, values, ways f ding things, and ther shared characteristics f a particular grup f peple. a. safety culture b. cmmitment c. scial justice d. a management system 3. Managers wh understand the psitive benefits will mre likely in effective safety management. a. make sure emplyees cmply b. talk the talk c. invest serius time and mney d. encurage thers 4. Which f the fllwing may be thught f as a plan f actin t accmplish a safety bjective? a. A safety plicy b. Sund safety supervisin c. Apprpriate safety leadership d. A safety prgram Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 10 f 69

19 Curse Which f the fllwing is the emplyer respnsible fr cntrlling r therwise eliminating a hazard n the wrksite? a. Crrecting emplyer b. Expsing emplyer c. Cntrlling emplyer d. Creating emplyer Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 11 f 69

20 Curse 900 Mdule 2- Wrking with Cntractrs Oil and gas cntractrs are respnsible fr ensuring that all wrk under cntract meets r exceeds the OSHA standards in additin t cmplying with the cmpany s safety and health standards. The cntractr is respnsible fr ensuring safe wrk perfrmance f emplyees and subcntractrs. Oil and gas cntractrs prvide a variety f il and gas services, including: wellsite cnstructin and maintenance activities utilities and infrastructure cnstructin prperty maintenance training and cnsultatin installatin, testing, calibratin, repair, and maintenance f equipment and instruments All f these wrk activities must be perfrmed safely and in accrdance with the applicable safety cdes, standards and regulatins. Cntractr Cmmunicatins It s imprtant that the emplyer invlve cmmunicatins abut safety in all phases f the il and gas prject. Frm the time the prject is cnceived until it is finished, safety must be a part f the prcess. During the Pre-Award phase, requirements are develped, slicitatins are sught, cntractrs are selected and cntracts are awarded. Key safety-related effrts during this phase include cnsideratin f a cntractr s past perfrmance during the cntractr selectin prcess, establishment f apprpriate safety and health requirements in cntract specificatins and ensuring the inclusin f applicable safety and health clauses. The Pre-Bid Meeting In the Pre-Bid meeting, cntract safety requirements shuld be discussed, including: site specific safety plan Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 12 f 69

21 Curse 900 designated safety representative identificatin and requirements daily pre-wrk crdinatin meetings safety enfrcement plicies and prcedures drug screening identificatin f ptential hazards defining hazard cntrl respnsibilities The Pre-Mbilizatin Meeting During the pre-mbilizatin meeting, the fllwing shuld be discussed: Cntractual safety requirements Site-specific safety plan Pre-Phase wrk plan discussin Requirement fr daily pre-task meetings Requirements fr safety talks, wrker and supervisr training Cnfirm assignment f safety respnsibilities The rles, respnsibilities, accuntability and authrity f the wner, general cntractr and all cntractr persnnel shuld be discussed. Cntractr Selectin Criteria It s traditinal t select il and gas cntractrs based n three criteria: lw bidder lwer bidder lwest bidder wh can start nw Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 13 f 69

22 Curse 900 Hwever, in a wrld-class il and gas cmpany that understands the imprtance f safety, they will nt make a decisin based slely n cst. Thse cmpanies will use the fllwing criteria: Ttal Case Incidence Rate (TCIR) Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) f less than 1.0 past safety perfrmance site-specific safety plan develpment key management and wrker experience Experience Mdificatin Rate (Md Rate r EMR) Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) has strng impact upn a business. It is a number used by insurance cmpanies t gauge bth past cst f injuries and future chances f risk. The lwer the EMR f yur business, the lwer yur wrker cmpensatin insurance premiums will be. An EMR f 1.0 is cnsidered the industry average. (Surce: Safety Management Grup). Accrding t the Michigan Oil and Gas Users Cuncil (MCUC), the fllwing EMR chart indicates the relative effectiveness f a cntractr s SMS = Superir Distinguished results = Effective Impressive results Obvius cmmitment = Average Within industry nrm = Inadequate Cnspicuus past prblems = Pr Lack f safety invlvement As yu can see, safety is a serius cnsideratin when chsing cntractrs t wrk n the il and gas prject. Using these criteria will nt nly result in selecting a higher level f cntractr safety, it will als result in selecting a cntractr that will be mre prfessinal in all aspects f the cntracted wrk that will be perfrmed. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 14 f 69

23 Curse 900 Ttal Case Incident Rate (TCIR) The Ttal Case Incident Rate, r TCIR is a cmmn methd used t reprt wrkplace injuries. It is defined as the average number f wrk-related injuries incurred by 100 wrkers during a ne-year perid. Use f the TCIR t reprt wrkplace injuries allw cmparisn f accident and injury statistics acrss industries, amng industry segments, and frm ne year t the next. The TCIR is typically calculated as fllws: Fr example, if an emplyer with 500 wrkers reprted 10 injuries in 2013, and wrkers in that industry wrked 1,000,000 hurs that year, then the 2013 TCIR fr that emplyer wuld be: Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 15 f 69

24 Curse 900 Key Players The cntractr, the wner, general cntractr, prject manager, site superintendent, and safety manager, shuld all have: previus experience n similar type il and gas prjects previus experience n prjects f similar size a histry f success n previus prjects All managers n the il and gas site shuld be cmpetent in safety management. Wrkers shuld be cmpetent in the wrk they are perfrming. Heavy equipment peratrs shuld all be able t shw written dcumentatin prviding prf f cmpetency. Als, a trained n-site healthcare prvider r nurse shuld be present n large prjects (mre than $75 millin). Prject Designers Prject designers that are invlved in the il and gas phase shuld d the fllwing: Identify the impact f changes in yur design n the health and safety f thse invlved in the prject. Prvide sufficient infrmatin n health and safety assciated with yur design and planning t thse wh need it, s they can cnduct the necessary training if needed. Cperate and crdinate with the cntracted parties, and, where apprpriate, ther designers/advisers invlved in the prject. Prvide nging advice and infrmatin, if requested, regarding the head cntractr s health and safety plan (such as by advising f any changes t planned activities). Make sure ther designers/advisers and cntractrs cntinue t carry ut their duties and crdinate with thers n the prject (such as by asking fr regular written activity reprts r hlding site meetings). Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 16 f 69

25 Curse 900 Head Cntractrs The general r head cntractr n site shuld d the fllwing: Develp and carry ut a site-specific health and safety plan. Make sure any cntractr engaged t carry ut il and gas wrk is cmpetent and has made suitable prvisins fr health and safety. Obtain and check site-specific safety plans frm subcntractrs. Make sure the crdinatin and cperatin f subcntractrs regarding: infrmatin and n-site activity (such as site meetings, site prcedures) apprpriate cmmunicatin arrangements between cntractrs n site fr health and safety arrangements fr discussing health and safety matters with peple n site (such as setting regular tlbx/tailgate meeting times) incident and accident reprting Make sure training fr health and safety is cmpleted. Make arrangements t mnitr health and safety perfrmance (such as reprts, audits and inspectins). Make arrangements t pass n infrmatin frm the client r designer/adviser t ther cntractrs and emplyees (such as activity reprts). Make arrangements t cntrl visitr access, including such things as delivery f materials. Subcntractrs Each subcntractr n site shuld d the fllwing: Develp a site-specific safety plan fr yur wrk activity. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 17 f 69

26 Curse 900 Identify the hazards f yur wrk, assess the risks arising frm them, and tell the head cntractr and client abut hw these risks will be cntrlled. Obtain evidence f the training and cmpetence f yur subcntractrs and emplyees. Keep the head cntractr infrmed f any dangerus incident r accident. Prvide the head cntractr with the infrmatin needed fr health and safety management. Cperate with the head cntractr and ther cntractrs n health and safety matters. Fllw any directins f the client r head cntractr s that they can meet their bligatins. Prvide infrmatin and training t yur emplyees n site. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 18 f 69

27 Curse 900 Mdule 2 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. During the Pre-Award phase be sure t include cnsideratin f the cntractr's. a. safety ffice lcatin b. past safety perfrmance c. unin affiliatin d. peratinal histry 2. During the Pre-Bid meeting, each f the fllwing cntractr safety requirements shuld be discussed, except. a. defining hazard cntrl respnsibilities b. identificatin f ptential hazards c. safety recgnitin prgrams d. safety enfrcement 3. An Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) f is cnsidered the industry average. a..5 b. 1.0 c. 1.5 d A/An is a cmmn methd used t reprt wrkplace injuries. a. Injury Experience Rate (IER) b. Experience Mdificatin Rate (EMR) c. Safety Experience Rati (SER) d. Ttal Case Incident Rate (TCIR) Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 19 f 69

28 Curse The general r head cntractr n site shuld d all f the fllwing, except. a. maintain the OSHA inspectin watch b. develp a site-specific safety and health plan c. make sure training is cmpleted d. btain subcntractr site safety plans Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 20 f 69

29 Curse 900 Mdule 3- Invlvement in Safety Management and Emplyees Must Be Invlved Emplyee invlvement prvides the means thrugh which wrkers develp and express their wn cmmitment t safety and health. The best safety and health management systems invlve emplyees at every level f the rganizatin. Emplyees are ften thse clsest t the hazard, and have the mst first-hand knwledge f wrkplace hazards. Clearly, the emplyer has ultimate respnsibility fr its wrkers; hwever, using emplyees knwledge and experience t help identify and reslve prblems can make the system mre effective. It's difficult t have an effective safety and health prgram withut develping a crprate safety culture that encurages genuine emplyee invlvement. When yu mentin invlvement in safety, mst peple think nly abut emplyee invlvement, but t d it right, management shuld be ut frnt and invlved. Management needs t lead by example and that means cmmunicating and fllwing thrugh with actin. This mdule will discuss sme f the cmpnents f emplyer and emplyee invlvement in safety. Respnding t Safety and Health Issues Management in yur cmpany shuld take prmpt cnsistent actin when respnding t safety and health issues. Ding s will demnstrate their cmmitment t addressing safety and health cncerns and encurage emplyee participatin. Management shuld respnd t emplyees' reprts f actual r ptential hazards and any ther safety cncerns emplyees might have. There shuld be an effective prcess fr emplyees t reprt such hazards. Management shuld ntify the emplyee reprting a real r ptential hazard f the utcme in a timely manner. Reprting hazards shuld be made withut fear f reprimand r any safety reprting prcess is dmed t failure. Emplyee Participatin The emplyees in yur cmpany shuld be given an pprtunity t prvide input regarding recmmendatins n safety and health prducts, prcedures, and training as it pertains t daily wrk peratins. Fr example, emplyees culd be given sme respnsibility t test ut Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 21 f 69

30 Curse 900 prducts r cnduct research t substantiate recmmendatins. Emplyee input is effectively prvided thrugh the suggestin system, the reprting f hazards, r thrugh actins the safety and health cmmittee initiate. Emplyees can als participate in a variety f ways such as; a trainer, inspectr, r prblem slver. Preventing Ergnmic Injuries Mre than a third f all accepted disabling claims are sprains/strains and ther musculskeletal disrders. Althugh il and gas wrk will always include lifting, carrying, and pulling (amng thers), many cntractrs have made great strides in preventing these types f injuries thrugh pre-task planning, emplyee invlvement in exercise prgrams, medical management, and training their crews t recgnize risk factrs and best practices. Safety Inspectins One f the best ways emplyees can participate in the cmpany's safety prgram is t help cnduct safety inspectins. This gives emplyees a greater sense f wnership in safety and it can be a real educatinal experience t! Depending n the hazardus nature f the il and gas n the wellsite, weekly r daily inspectins may be needed t effectively identify hazards and unsafe actins. Safety Recgnitin Prgrams It's imprtant t understand that designing, develping and deplying safety "prgrams" is basically a management functin requiring effective rganizatinal skill. Many cmpanies develp and implement frmal safety recgnitin prgrams because that is what they've been tld wrks best and that is what everyne else des. There are many different types f safety recgnitin prgram strategies used and prmted these days. Of curse, sme are mre effective than thers, but there is certainly n ne-fits-all prgram. T be successful, the recgnitin prgram shuld fit the unique culture f the rganizatin. Fr instance, yu can't have a highly successful safety recgnitin prgram in an ppressively authritarian crprate culture displaying tugh-cercive leadership due t the lack f psitive relatinships between managers and emplyees. A recgnitin prgram, within a cntrlling (typical) safety culture will usually think a managed prgram is necessary t be successful. The suggestin bx is likely t be used t maintain annymity which is symptm that a lack f trust exists: It just wn't wrk. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 22 f 69

31 Curse 900 On the ther hand, a wrld-class safety culture may nt have the need t develp a managed safety recgnitin prgram with frmal prcedures: why? Because managers will likely perceive the prcess f recgnitin as their pprtunity t demnstrate leadership thrugh recgnitin s that ultimately, psitive wrking relatinships are established r reinfrced. Yu can learn mre abut leadership styles and recgnitin systems in OSHAcademy curse 700. The Oil and Gas Safety Cmmittee The purpse f a safety and health cmmittee is t give emplyees the ability t participate in the implementatin f the safety and health system that exists within yur cmpany. The main incentive fr develping a safety cmmittee is t encurage and heighten emplyee invlvement in the cmpany safety prgram. Emplyee input is a critical part f a successful safety prgram. A safety cmmittee is ne way t btain that input. The level f invlvement by emplyees and degree f management cmmitment will determine if a safety cmmittee is successful. Safety cmmittees have many benefits; identify safety and health cncerns that wrkers/management cnsider mst critical, help find creative slutins, shw a gd faith effrt tward health and safety regulatins, bst cwrker lyalty, mrale and enthusiasm by getting invlved in an issue that s imprtant t everyne, and if new safety rules are needed, a safety cmmittee can help make sure emplyees accept and fllw them. The safety cmmittee in yur cmpany shuld be cmprised f management and emplyee representatives. The cmmittee shuld meet at least weekly due t the hazardus nature f wrk n a prject. The cmmittee shuld: Have defined gals and bjectives. Address safety and health issues. Recrd and pst minutes f the meetings. Invlve emplyees in prblem slving. Dcument actin taken and pst n the bulletin bards fr all emplyees t read and-r cmment. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 23 f 69

32 Curse 900 Have a frmal agenda. Suggestin Prgram The emplyees in yur cmpany shuld be encuraged t make safety and health suggestins t help imprve a prcess, prevent an accident, r t make any imprvement in the safety and health system. The suggestin system shuld be implemented by a designated persn, usually the safety directr, wh will be respnsible fr determining pririty and the prper means f implementatin. It s imprtant t remember that in effective safety cultures, it s nt necessary t have a plicy that annymity will be assured because a high level f trust exists between managers and emplyees. Safety suggestins shuld be shared with the Safety and Health Cmmittee fr input. Suggestin frms may be placed in suggestin bxes r given directly t a designated persn such as the immediate supervisr r safety cmmittee chairpersn. Emplyee Right t Cmmunicate OSHA requires emplyer t make sure emplyees are able t vice safety and health cncerns withut fear f reprisal. Think abut it: wuld a perceptin f reprisal fr vicing a safety cncern benefit the cmpany? N way! Mre specifically, accrding t OSHA, n emplyer can discharge r in any manner discriminate against any emplyee because the emplyee has: 1. filed any cmplaint r instituted r caused t be instituted any prceeding under r related t the OSH Act, 2. testified r is abut t testify in any such prceeding, r 3. has exercised any right affrded by the OSHAct n behalf f himself r thers. Prir t r during an OSHA inspectin f a wrkplace, any emplyee r representative (usually a unin persn) may ntify an OSHA Cmpliance Safety and Health Officer, in writing, f any vilatin f the Act which they have reasn t believe exists in such wrkplace. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 24 f 69

33 Curse 900 Mdule 3 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. The best safety and health management systems invlve emplyees. a. when it is in the best interest f the cmpany b. at every level f the rganizatin c. when plitically crrect d. as necessary 2. Management shuld ntify the emplyee reprting a real r ptential hazard f the utcme. a. in a timely manner b. within a mnth c. as needed d. in a quarterly reprt 3. Emplyee safety input is effectively prvided thrugh each f the fllwing ways, except. a. actins f the safety cmmittee b. reprting hazards c. a suggestin prgram d. enfrcing safety 4. Including emplyees in safety inspectins is very effective because it helps t give them. a. time ff frm their regular jb b. an pprtunity t enfrce safety rules c. a sense f wnership in safety d. a chance t cntrl wrkers Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 25 f 69

34 Curse The safety cmmittee n a rig prject shuld be cmprised f representatives and shuld meet weekly. a. nly emplyee b. management and emplyee c. emplyee and unin d. nly management Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 26 f 69

35 Curse 900 Mdule 4- SMS and Wellsite Analysis Plan fr Wellsite Analysis When planning fr an il and gas wellsite analysis, be sure t include the fllwing fur prcesses: cmprehensive baseline survey change analysis jb hazard analyses (JHA) peridic and daily safety inspectins The Cmprehensive Baseline Survey A cmprehensive baseline survey and analysis is a first attempt at understanding: the ptential hazards that may exist at a new wellsite, r the hazards that currently exist at a wrking wellsite. It establishes initial levels f expsure (baselines) fr cmparisn t future levels uncvered in fllw-up surveys and analyses, s that changes can be recgnized. Basically, the baseline survey tells the emplyer what the starting pint is. A cmprehensive baseline survey shuld include a review f previus accidents, injuries, and illnesses; cmplaints; previus studies; etc. Cmprehensive surveys shuld be perfrmed depending n the business size and nature f the hazards at least every three years by private cnsultants, insurance cmpany, and/r state-funded prgrams. The baseline survey shuld include a review f the fllwing: 1. cpies f written inspectins and surveys by: fire department and in-huse as required by safety and health standards (e.g., verhead crane inspectins, pwered industrial truck daily inspectin, etc.) 2. emplyee reprt f hazards r ptential hazards 3. accident and incident investigatins with crrective actins and fllw-up Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 27 f 69

36 Curse injury and illness trend analysis 5. persnal prtective equipment (PPE) assessment 6. ergnmic analysis 7. specific identificatin f cnfined spaces 8. identificatin f energy surces fr specific machines As part f the wellsite analysis prcess, the emplyer/general cntractr shuld als require subcntractrs t perfrm a baseline analysis as necessary in accrdance with OSHA and cmpany requirements. The subcntractrs shuld share pertinent infrmatin with the general cntractr, and/r ther subcntractrs. Change Analysis As yu knw, change is cntinuus n an il and gas wellsite. Change analysis is simply the analysis f the management f change, cnducted by cmpetent persns, t make sure that change n the wellsite des nt intrduce new hazards r unsafe prcedures in the wrk envirnment. A designated persn shuld analyze hw changes n the wellsite can affect equipment, prcesses, and materials fr hazards and ptential hazards. Findings shuld be dcumented and plans develped t minimize r design ut the new hazards. Changes in the fllwing general categries need t be reviewed: wellsite layut materials prcess technlgy equipment T mre specifically analyze hw changes t the wellsite layut, materials, prcesses and equipment, affect the wrk being cnducted, be sure t include the fllwing in yur analysis: site entrance and traffic rutes/surfaces cvered walkways Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 28 f 69

37 Curse 900 prtectin frm falling bjects danger areas strage and persnnel areas hazardus materials/dangerus gds barriers and fences lading and unlading areas bays and ramps wrking, slpes fr excavatrs, dump trucks etc. safety signage prtectin f pedestrians site security husekeeping and cleanliness Jb Hazard Analyses (JHA) A Jb Hazard Analysis is a technique that fcuses n jb tasks as a way t identify hazards befre they ccur. It fcuses n the relatinship amng the wrker, the task, the tls, and the wrk envirnment. Ideally, after yu identify uncntrlled hazards, yu will take steps t eliminate r reduce them t an acceptable risk level. A JHA shuld be cnducted fr all hazardus jbs/prcedures t determine ptential hazards and identify methds t reduce expsure t thse hazards at il and gas wellsites. Here are the steps in a basic JHA: 1. List the steps in the jb r prcedure. 2. Describe the safety and health hazards in each step. 3. Develp preventive measures. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 29 f 69

38 Curse Write a safe jb prcedure. Yu can learn mre abut cnducting a JHA in OHAcademy curse 706. Safety Inspectins and Reprts Emplyees play a key rle in identifying, cntrlling, and reprting hazards that may ccur r already exist in yur wrkplace. Safety inspectin reprts f ptential hazards can be an effective tl t trigger a clser lk at a piece f equipment, peratin, r hw wrk is being perfrmed. Reprts f ptential hazards can als prvide suggestins t eliminate a hazard. There are many psitive reasns fr cnducting safety inspectins, including: helping ensure cmpliance with OSHA and meet ther legal respnsibilities invlving bth management and emplyees - always gd! identifying areas f high risk and cntrlling hazards develping psitive attitudes - demnstrating leadership suggesting better methds f ding prcedures safely OSHA requirements related t this element The fllwing is a list f tpics relevant t wellsite analysis by identifying wellsite hazards. Evaluate peratins, prcedures, facilities, and equipment t identify hazards [29 CFR (a), 29 CFR (b)]. Mnitr expsure levels [29 CFR , 29 CFR , 29 CFR 1926 Subpart Z, 29 CFR ]. Ensure regular safety and health inspectins [29 CFR (b)(2), 29 CFR (b), 29 CFR ]. Cnduct accident investigatins [29 CFR ]. Determine if engineering r administrative cntrls r persnnel prtective equipment are t be used [29 CFR , 29 CFR ]. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 30 f 69

39 Curse 900 Mdule 4 Quiz Use this quiz t self-check yur understanding f the mdule cntent. Yu can als g nline and take this quiz within the mdule. The nline quiz prvides the crrect answer nce submitted. 1. When planning fr an il and gas wellsite analysis, include all f the fllwing prcesses, except. a. safety inspectins b. Jb Hazard Analysis c. change analysis d. paret analysis 2. Prir t cnstructin f the wellsite, the first safety analysis prcess t cnduct is called the. a. safety inspectin b. change analysis c. Jb Hazard Analysis d. baseline survey 3. Which prcess is cnducted t make sure that change n the wellsite des nt intrduce new hazards r unsafe prcedures in the wrk envirnment? a. Safety inspectin b. Change analysis c. Jb Hazard Analysis d. Baseline survey 4. Which prcess is cnducted n jb tasks as a way t identify hazards befre they ccur? a. Safety inspectin b. Change analysis c. Jb Hazard Analysis d. Baseline survey Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 31 f 69

40 Curse Which prcess is an effective tl t trigger a clser lk at a piece f equipment, peratin, r hw wrk is being perfrmed? a. Safety inspectin b. Change analysis c. Jb Hazard Analysis d. Baseline survey Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 32 f 69

41 Curse 900 Mdule 5- Hazard Preventin and Cntrl Cntrlling Expsure - The Hierarchy f Cntrls Cntrlling expsures t wellsite hazards is the fundamental methd f prtecting wrkers n an il and gas site. Traditinally, the widely-accepted hierarchy f cntrls has been used as a means f determining hw t implement feasible and effective cntrls. ANSI/AIHA Z discusses the five cntrl measures belw: eliminatin substitutin engineering cntrls administrative cntrls persnal prtective equipment The idea behind this hierarchy is that the cntrl methds at the tp f the list are ptentially mre effective and prtective than thse at the bttm. Fllwing the hierarchy nrmally leads t the implementatin f inherently safer systems. The risk f illness r injury shuld be substantially reduced. Let s take a clser lk at each f the cntrl measures. Eliminatin The best cntrl measure t cntrl a hazard is t eliminate it. If yu dn t have the hazard, yu wn t get injured. While eliminatin is the mst effective at reducing hazards, it als tend t be the mst difficult t implement in an existing prcess. If the il and gas prject is still at the design r develpment stage, eliminatin and substitutin f hazards may be inexpensive and simple t implement. Fr an existing prcess, majr changes in equipment and prcedures may be required t eliminate r substitute fr a hazard. Substitutin The next best cntrl measure is t substitute smething else in its place that wuld be nnhazardus r less hazardus t wrkers. Fr example, a nn-txic (r less txic) chemical culd be substituted fr a hazardus ne. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 33 f 69

42 Curse 900 Engineering Cntrls Engineering cntrls are used t remve a hazard r place a barrier between the wrker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering cntrls can be highly effective in prtecting wrkers and will typically be independent f wrker interactins t prvide this high level f prtectin. The initial cst f engineering cntrls can be higher than the cst f administrative cntrls r persnal prtective equipment, but ver the lnger term, perating csts are frequently lwer, and in sme instances, can prvide cst savings in ther areas f the prcess. Engineering cntrls shuld be designed t make it difficult fr emplyees t defeat the cntrls. Engineering cntrls include methds such as using nise dampening technlgy t reduce nise levels; enclsing a chemical prcess in a Plexiglas "glve bx"; using mechanical lifting devices; r using lcal exhaust ventilatin that captures and carries away the cntaminants befre they can get in the breathing zne f wrkers. Administrative Cntrls If engineering cntrls cannt be implemented, r cannt be implemented right away, administrative cntrls shuld be cnsidered. These methds fr prtecting wrkers have als prven t be less effective than ther measures, requiring significant effrt by the affected wrkers. Administrative cntrls wrk nly s lng as emplyee behavir cnfrms t standards. Administrative cntrls invlve changes in wrkplace plicies and prcedures. They can include such things as: warning alarms labeling systems reducing the time wrkers are expsed t a hazard training Fr example, wrkers culd be rtated in and ut f a ht area rather than having t spend eight hurs per day in the heat. Back-up alarms are an example f effective warning systems. Hwever, warning signs used instead f crrecting a hazard that can and shuld be crrected are nt acceptable frms f hazard cntrl. Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 34 f 69

43 Curse 900 Persnal Prtective Equipment PPE is the last resrt and least effective means f cntrlling expsure t hazards because f the high ptential fr damage t render PPE ineffective. Again, the success f this cntrl measure depends nt nly n the quality f the PPE, but als the quality f human behavir. PPE shuld be used nly while ther mre effective cntrls are being develped r installed, r if there are n ther mre effective ways t cntrl the hazard. This is because: The hazard is nt eliminated r changed. If the equipment is inadequate r fails, the wrker is nt prtected. N persnal prtective equipment is fl-prf (fr example, respiratrs leak). Persnal prtective equipment is ften uncmfrtable and can place an additinal physical burden n a wrker. Persnal prtective equipment can actually create hazards. Fr example, the use f respiratrs fr lng perids f time can put a strain n the heart and lungs. While there are sme jbs, such as remving asbests, where wearing adequate persnal prtective equipment is abslutely essential, there are many jbs where emplyers hand ut persnal prtective equipment when in fact they shuld be using mre effective hazard cntrl methds. Other Methds t Prevent and Cntrl Hazards Let s take a lk at sme f the prgrams and prcesses that will help the cmpany prevent and cntrl typical hazards n an il and gas wellsite. Wellsite Inspectins Yur cmpany shuld cnduct daily wellsite inspectins. Hazards shuld be dcumented, reviewed, and crrectins shuld be made in a timely manner. Mre detailed, written inspectins shuld be cnducted by a designated persn n a weekly r mnthly basis. Yur cmpany s Safety Crdinatr r ther designated safety persn shuld tur each jb site and bserve ptential safety/health hazards, and develp a plan fr safeguarding the wrkers, which may include the fllwing: Cpyright 2017 Geigle Safety Grup, Inc. Page 35 f 69